1
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Raumonen P, Tarvainen T. Segmentation of vessel structures from photoacoustic images with reliability assessment. Biomed Opt Express 2018; 9:2887-2904. [PMID: 29984073 PMCID: PMC6033551 DOI: 10.1364/boe.9.002887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Photoacoustic imaging enables the imaging of soft biological tissue with combined optical contrast and ultrasound resolution. One of the targets of interest is tissue vasculature. However, the photoacoustic images may not directly provide the information on, for example, vasculature structure. Therefore, the images are improved by reducing noise and artefacts, and processed for better visualisation of the target of interest. In this work, we present a new segmentation method of photoacoustic images that also straightforwardly produces assessments of its reliability. The segmentation depends on parameters which have a natural tendency to increase the reliability as the parameter values monotonically change. The reliability is assessed by counting classifications of image voxels with different parameter values. The resulting segmentation with reliability offers new ways and tools to analyse photoacoustic images and new possibilities for utilising them as anatomical priors in further computations. Our MATLAB implementation of the method is available as an open-source software package [P. Raumonen, Matlab, 2018].
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasi Raumonen
- Laboratory of Mathematics, Tampere University of Technology, PO Box 527, 33101 Tampere,
Finland
| | - Tanja Tarvainen
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio,
Finland
- Department of Computer Science, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT,
UK
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2
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Paridar R, Mozaffarzadeh M, Mehrmohammadi M, Orooji M. Photoacoustic image formation based on sparse regularization of minimum variance beamformer. Biomed Opt Express 2018; 9:2544-2561. [PMID: 30258672 PMCID: PMC6154209 DOI: 10.1364/boe.9.002544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Delay-and-sum (DAS) is the most common algorithm used in photoacoustic (PA) image formation. However, this algorithm results in a reconstructed image with a wide mainlobe and high level of sidelobes. Minimum variance (MV), as an adaptive beamformer, overcomes these limitations and improves the image resolution and contrast. In this paper, a novel algorithm, named Modified-Sparse-MV (MS-MV), is proposed in which a ℓ 1-norm constraint is added to the MV minimization problem after some modifications, in order to suppress the sidelobes more efficiently, compared to MV. The added constraint can be interpreted as the sparsity of the output of the MV beamformed signals. Since the final minimization problem is convex, it can be solved efficiently using a simple iterative algorithm. The numerical results show that the proposed method, MS-MV beamformer, improves the signal-to-noise (SNR) about 19.48 dB, in average, compared to MV. Also, the experimental results, using a wire-target phantom, show that MS-MV leads to SNR improvement of about 2.64 dB in comparison with the MV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roya Paridar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran,
Iran
| | - Moein Mozaffarzadeh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran,
Iran
- Research Center for Biomedical Technologies and Robotics (RCBTR), Institute for Advanced Medical Technologies (IAMT), Tehran,
Iran
| | | | - Mahdi Orooji
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran,
Iran
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3
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Qin W, Chen Q, Xi L. A handheld microscope integrating photoacoustic microscopy and optical coherence tomography. Biomed Opt Express 2018; 9:2205-2213. [PMID: 29760981 PMCID: PMC5946782 DOI: 10.1364/boe.9.002205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The combination of optical resolution photoacoustic microscopy (ORPAM) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) is capable of providing complementary imaging contrasts. Unfortunately, the miniaturization of ORPAM remains a major challenge in the development of a handheld dual-modality imaging microscope with OCT. Here, we report the design and evaluation of an integrated ORPAM and OCT imaging probe using a two-dimensional MEMS (micro-electro-mechanical-system)-based optical scanner. This microscope, weighting 35.4 g, has an ultracompact size of 65×30×18 mm3, and an effective imaging area of 2×2 mm2. The experimental lateral resolutions are 3.7 μm (ORPAM) and 5.6 μm (OCT), and the axial resolutions are measured as 120 μm (ORPAM) and 7.3 μm (OCT). Besides phantom and animal experiments, we carried out oral imaging of a healthy volunteer to show the clinical feasibility of this technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Qin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
- School of Physics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610054, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
- School of Physics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610054, China
| | - Lei Xi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
- School of Physics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610054, China
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4
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Chen Z, Deán-Ben XL, Gottschalk S, Razansky D. Performance of optoacoustic and fluorescence imaging in detecting deep-seated fluorescent agents. Biomed Opt Express 2018; 9:2229-2239. [PMID: 29760983 PMCID: PMC5946784 DOI: 10.1364/boe.9.002229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent contrast agents are widely employed in biomedical research. While many studies have reported deep tissue imaging of fluorescent moieties using either fluorescence-based or absorption-based (optoacoustic) imaging systems, no systematic comparison has been performed regarding the actual performance of these imaging modalities in detecting deep-seated fluorescent agents. Herein, an integrated imager combining epi-fluorescence and volumetric optoacoustic imaging capabilities has been employed in order to evaluate image degradation with depth for several commonly-used near-infrared dyes in both modes. We performed controlled experiments in tissue-mimicking phantoms containing deeply embedded targets filled with different concentrations of Alexa Fluor 700, Alexa Fluor 750, indocyanine green (ICG) and IRDye 800CW. The results are further corroborated by multi-modal imaging of ICG through mouse tissues in vivo. It is shown that optoacoustics consistently provides better sensitivity in differentiating fluorescent targets located at depths beyond 2 mm in turbid tissues, as quantified by evaluating image contrast, signal to noise ratio and spatial resolution performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyue Chen
- Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging (IBMI), Helmholtz Center Munich, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Xosé Luís Deán-Ben
- Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging (IBMI), Helmholtz Center Munich, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Sven Gottschalk
- Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging (IBMI), Helmholtz Center Munich, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Daniel Razansky
- Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging (IBMI), Helmholtz Center Munich, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
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5
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Li M, Liu C, Gong X, Zheng R, Bai Y, Xing M, Du X, Liu X, Zeng J, Lin R, Zhou H, Wang S, Lu G, Zhu W, Fang C, Song L. Linear array-based real-time photoacoustic imaging system with a compact coaxial excitation handheld probe for noninvasive sentinel lymph node mapping. Biomed Opt Express 2018; 9:1408-1422. [PMID: 29675292 PMCID: PMC5905896 DOI: 10.1364/boe.9.001408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
We developed a linear ultrasound array-based real-time photoacoustic imaging system with a compact coaxial excitation handheld photoacoustic imaging probe for guiding sentinel lymph node (SLN) needle biopsy. Compared with previous studies, our system and probe have the following advantages: (1) the imaging probe is quite compact and user-friendly; (2) laser illumination and ultrasonic detection are achieved coaxially, enabling high signal-to-noise ratio; and (3) GPU-based image reconstruction enables real-time imaging and displaying at a frame rate of 20 Hz. With the system and probe, clear visualization of the SLN at the depth of 2 cm (~human SLN depth) was demonstrated on a living rat. A fine needle was pushed towards the SLN based on the guidance of real-time photoacoustic imaging. The proposed photoacoustic imaging system and probe was shown to have great potential to be used in clinics for guiding SLN needle biopsy, which may reduce the high morbidity rate related to the current gold standard clinical SLN biopsy procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mucong Li
- Research Laboratory for Biomedical Optics and Molecular Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Equal Contribution
| | - Chengbo Liu
- Research Laboratory for Biomedical Optics and Molecular Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Beijing Center for Mathematics and Information Interdisciplinary Sciences (BCMIIS), Beijing 100048, China
- Equal Contribution
| | - Xiaojing Gong
- Research Laboratory for Biomedical Optics and Molecular Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Rongqin Zheng
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Yuanyuan Bai
- Research Laboratory for Biomedical Optics and Molecular Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Muyue Xing
- Research Laboratory for Biomedical Optics and Molecular Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xuemin Du
- Research Laboratory for Biomedical Optics and Molecular Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xiaoyang Liu
- Research Laboratory for Biomedical Optics and Molecular Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jing Zeng
- Research Laboratory for Biomedical Optics and Molecular Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Riqiang Lin
- Research Laboratory for Biomedical Optics and Molecular Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Huichao Zhou
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Shouju Wang
- Department of Medical Imaging, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Guangming Lu
- Department of Medical Imaging, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Wen Zhu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Chihua Fang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Liang Song
- Research Laboratory for Biomedical Optics and Molecular Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Beijing Center for Mathematics and Information Interdisciplinary Sciences (BCMIIS), Beijing 100048, China
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6
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Abstract
Photoacoustic microscopy (PAM) is a multiscale imaging technique. In optical-resolution photoacoustic microscopy (OR-PAM), a single mode (SM) fiber is normally used as the source of optical excitation to be focused into a diffraction-limited spot. Recent advances in OR-PAM have improved its imaging speed using microelectromechanical systems (MEMS). Here we report for the first time the use of a multimode (MM) fiber as the optical excitation source for high resolution OR-PAM in vivo imaging. A high-speed MEMS scanner based OR-PAM system combined with the mechanical movement to provide wide area imaging was used. The use of multimode fiber for achieving tight optical focus would make the optical alignment easier and high repetition rate light delivery possible for high-speed OR-PAM imaging. A lateral resolution of 3.5 µm and axial resolution of 27 µm with ~1.5 mm imaging depth was successfully demonstrated using the system. The efficacy of multimode fibers for achieving tight focus is beneficial for developing high-resolution photoacoustic endoscopy systems and can be combined with other optical endoscopic imaging modalities as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohesh Moothanchery
- Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science Technology and Research (ASTAR), 11 Biopolis Way, Singapore, 138667, Singapore
- Both authors contributed equally
| | - Renzhe Bi
- Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science Technology and Research (ASTAR), 11 Biopolis Way, Singapore, 138667, Singapore
- Both authors contributed equally
| | - Jin Young Kim
- Department of Creative IT Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, South Korea
| | - Seungwan Jeon
- Department of Creative IT Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, South Korea
| | - Chulhong Kim
- Department of Creative IT Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, South Korea
| | - Malini Olivo
- Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science Technology and Research (ASTAR), 11 Biopolis Way, Singapore, 138667, Singapore
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7
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Maneas E, Xia W, Ogunlade O, Fonseca M, Nikitichev DI, David AL, West SJ, Ourselin S, Hebden JC, Vercauteren T, Desjardins AE. Gel wax-based tissue-mimicking phantoms for multispectral photoacoustic imaging. Biomed Opt Express 2018; 9. [PMID: 29541509 PMCID: PMC5846519 DOI: 10.1364/boe.9.001151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Tissue-mimicking phantoms are widely used for the calibration, evaluation and standardisation of medical imaging systems, and for clinical training. For photoacoustic imaging, tissue-mimicking materials (TMMs) that have tuneable optical and acoustic properties, high stability, and mechanical robustness are highly desired. In this study, gel wax is introduced as a TMM that satisfies these criteria for developing photoacoustic imaging phantoms. The reduced scattering and optical absorption coefficients were independently tuned with the addition of TiO2 and oil-based inks. The frequency-dependent acoustic attenuation obeyed a power law; for native gel wax, it varied from 0.71 dB/cm at 3 MHz to 9.93 dB/cm at 12 MHz. The chosen oil-based inks, which have different optical absorption spectra in the range of 400 to 900 nm, were found to have good photostability under pulsed illumination with photoacoustic excitation light. Optically heterogeneous phantoms that comprised of inclusions with different concentrations of carbon black and coloured inks were fabricated, and multispectral photoacoustic imaging was performed with an optical parametric oscillator and a planar Fabry-Pérot sensor. We conclude that gel wax is well suited as a TMM for multispectral photoacoustic imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efthymios Maneas
- Wellcome / EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences, University College London, Charles Bell House, 67-73 Riding House Street, London W1W 7EJ,
UK
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT,
UK
| | - Wenfeng Xia
- Wellcome / EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences, University College London, Charles Bell House, 67-73 Riding House Street, London W1W 7EJ,
UK
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT,
UK
| | - Olumide Ogunlade
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT,
UK
| | - Martina Fonseca
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT,
UK
| | - Daniil I. Nikitichev
- Wellcome / EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences, University College London, Charles Bell House, 67-73 Riding House Street, London W1W 7EJ,
UK
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT,
UK
- Translational Imaging Group, Centre for Medical Image Computing, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT,
UK
| | - Anna L. David
- Wellcome / EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences, University College London, Charles Bell House, 67-73 Riding House Street, London W1W 7EJ,
UK
- Institute for Women’s Health, University College London, 86-96 Chenies Mews, London WC1E 6HX,
UK
- Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven (Katholieke Universiteit),
Belgium
| | - Simeon J. West
- Department of Anaesthesia, University College Hospital, Main Theatres, Maple Bridge Link Corridor, Podium 3, 235 Euston Road, London NW1 2BU,
UK
| | - Sebastien Ourselin
- Wellcome / EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences, University College London, Charles Bell House, 67-73 Riding House Street, London W1W 7EJ,
UK
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT,
UK
- Translational Imaging Group, Centre for Medical Image Computing, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT,
UK
| | - Jeremy C. Hebden
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT,
UK
| | - Tom Vercauteren
- Wellcome / EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences, University College London, Charles Bell House, 67-73 Riding House Street, London W1W 7EJ,
UK
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT,
UK
- Translational Imaging Group, Centre for Medical Image Computing, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT,
UK
| | - Adrien E. Desjardins
- Wellcome / EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences, University College London, Charles Bell House, 67-73 Riding House Street, London W1W 7EJ,
UK
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT,
UK
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8
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Allen TJ, Ogunlade O, Zhang E, Beard PC. Large area laser scanning optical resolution photoacoustic microscopy using a fibre optic sensor. Biomed Opt Express 2018; 9:650-660. [PMID: 29552402 PMCID: PMC5854068 DOI: 10.1364/boe.9.000650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/23/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
A laser scanning optical resolution photoacoustic microscopy (LS OR-PAM) system based on a stationary fibre optic sensor is described. The sensor comprises an optically resonant interferometric polymer cavity formed on the tip of a rounded single mode optical fibre. It provides low noise equivalent pressure (NEP = 68.7 Pa over a 20 MHz measurement bandwidth), a broad bandwidth that extends to 80 MHz and a near omnidirectional response. The latter is a significant advantage, as it allows large areas (>1cm2) to be imaged without the need for translational mechanical scanning offering the potential for fast image acquisition. The system provides a lateral resolution of 8 µm, an axial resolution of 21 µm, and a field of view up to 10 mm × 10 mm. To demonstrate the system, in vivo 3D structural images of the microvasculature of a mouse ear were obtained, showing single capillaries overlaying larger vessels as well as functional images revealing blood oxygen saturation.
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9
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Abstract
State-of-the-art optoacoustic tomographic imaging systems have been shown to attain three-dimensional (3D) frame rates of the order of 100 Hz. While such a high volumetric imaging speed is beyond reach for other bio-imaging modalities, it may still be insufficient to accurately monitor some faster events occurring on a millisecond scale. Increasing the 3D imaging rate is usually hampered by the limited throughput capacity of the data acquisition electronics and memory used to capture vast amounts of the generated optoacoustic (OA) data in real time. Herein, we developed a sparse signal acquisition scheme and a total-variation-based reconstruction approach in a combined space-time domain in order to achieve 3D OA imaging at kilohertz rates. By continuous monitoring of freely swimming zebrafish larvae in a 3D region, we demonstrate that the new approach enables significantly increasing the volumetric imaging rate by using a fraction of the tomographic projections without compromising the reconstructed image quality. The suggested method may benefit studies looking at ultrafast biological phenomena in 3D, such as large-scale neuronal activity, cardiac motion, or freely behaving organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- ALI ÖZBEK
- Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging (IBMI), Helmholtz Center Munich, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- School of Medicine and School of Bioengineering, Technical University of Munich, D-81675 Munich, Germany
| | - XOSÉ LUÍS DEÁN-BEN
- Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging (IBMI), Helmholtz Center Munich, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - DANIEL RAZANSKY
- Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging (IBMI), Helmholtz Center Munich, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- School of Medicine and School of Bioengineering, Technical University of Munich, D-81675 Munich, Germany
- Corresponding author:
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10
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Buma T, Conley NC, Choi SW. Multispectral photoacoustic microscopy of lipids using a pulsed supercontinuum laser. Biomed Opt Express 2018; 9:276-288. [PMID: 29359103 PMCID: PMC5772582 DOI: 10.1364/boe.9.000276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/16/2017] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate optical resolution photoacoustic microscopy (OR-PAM) of lipid-rich tissue between 1050-1714 nm using a pulsed supercontinuum laser based on a large-mode-area photonic crystal fiber. OR-PAM experiments of lipid-rich samples show the expected optical absorption peaks near 1210 and 1720 nm. These results show that pulsed supercontinuum lasers are promising for OR-PAM applications such as label-free histology of lipid-rich tissue and imaging small animal models of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Buma
- Department of Electrical, Computer, and Biomedical Engineering, Union College, Schenectady, NY 12308, USA
| | - Nicole C. Conley
- Department of Electrical, Computer, and Biomedical Engineering, Union College, Schenectady, NY 12308, USA
| | - Sang Won Choi
- Department of Electrical, Computer, and Biomedical Engineering, Union College, Schenectady, NY 12308, USA
- Currently with the Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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11
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Yang J, Wu D, Zhang G, Zhao Y, Jiang M, Yang X, Xu Q, Jiang H. Intracerebral haemorrhage-induced injury progression assessed by cross-sectional photoacoustic tomography. Biomed Opt Express 2017; 8:5814-5824. [PMID: 29296506 PMCID: PMC5745121 DOI: 10.1364/boe.8.005814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/05/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we in vivo examined injury progression after intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) induced by collagenase in mice using cross-sectional photoacoustic tomography (csPAT). csPAT displayed high resolution with high sensitivity for ICH detection. The PAT images obtained showed high correlation with conventional histologic images. Quantitative analysis of the hematoma areas detected by csPAT showed high consistency with the neurologic deficit score (NDS). By utilizing the dual-wavelength method, the development of the hemoglobin area was monitored. Our results indicated that noninvasive csPAT can be used to track the dynamic progression of post-ICH, and to evaluate therapeutic interventions in preclinical ICH models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinge Yang
- School of Physical Electronics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Center for Information in Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Dan Wu
- School of Physical Electronics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Center for Information in Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Guang Zhang
- School of Physical Electronics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Center for Information in Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuan Zhao
- School of Physical Electronics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Center for Information in Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Max Jiang
- College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, 32827, USA
| | - Xin Yang
- School of Physical Electronics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiwen Xu
- School of Physical Electronics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Huabei Jiang
- School of Physical Electronics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Center for Information in Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Department of Medical Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
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12
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Moothanchery M, Seeni RZ, Xu C, Pramanik M. In vivo studies of transdermal nanoparticle delivery with microneedles using photoacoustic microscopy. Biomed Opt Express 2017; 8:5483-5492. [PMID: 29296482 PMCID: PMC5745097 DOI: 10.1364/boe.8.005483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/05/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Microneedle technology allows micron-sized conduits to be formed within the outermost skin layers for both localized and systemic delivery of therapeutics including nanoparticles. Histological methods are often employed for characterization, and unfortunately do not allow for the in vivo visualization of the delivery process. This study presents the utilization of optical resolution-photoacoustic microscopy to characterize the transdermal delivery of nanoparticles using microneedles. Specifically, we observe the in vivo transdermal delivery of gold nanoparticles using microneedles in mice ear and study the penetration, diffusion, and spatial distribution of the nanoparticles in the tissue. The promising results reveal that photoacoustic microscopy can be used as a potential imaging modality for the in vivo characterization of microneedles based drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohesh Moothanchery
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, 637459, Singapore
- Both authors contributed equally
| | - Razina Z. Seeni
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, 637459, Singapore
- Both authors contributed equally
| | - Chenjie Xu
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, 637459, Singapore
- NTU-Northwestern Institute for Nanomedicine, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Manojit Pramanik
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, 637459, Singapore
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13
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Nykänen O, Pulkkinen A, Tarvainen T. Quantitative photoacoustic tomography augmented with surface light measurements. Biomed Opt Express 2017; 8:4380-4395. [PMID: 29082072 PMCID: PMC5654787 DOI: 10.1364/boe.8.004380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/26/2017] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative photoacoustic tomography is an imaging modality in which distributions of optical parameters inside tissue are estimated from photoacoustic images. This optical parameter estimation is an ill-posed problem and it needs to be approached in the framework of inverse problems. In this work, utilising surface light measurements in quantitative photoacoustic tomography is studied. Estimation of absorption and scattering is formulated as a minimisation problem utilising both internal quantitative photoacoustic data and surface light data. The image reconstruction problem is studied with two-dimensional numerical simulations in various imaging situations using the diffusion approximation as the model for light propagation. The results show that quantitative photoacoustic tomography augmented with surface light data can improve both absorption and scattering estimates when compared to the conventional quantitative photoacoustic tomography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olli Nykänen
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio,
Finland
| | - Aki Pulkkinen
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio,
Finland
| | - Tanja Tarvainen
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio,
Finland
- Department of Computer Science, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT,
UK
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14
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Yang M, Zhao L, He X, Su N, Zhao C, Tang H, Hong T, Li W, Yang F, Lin L, Zhang B, Zhang R, Jiang Y, Li C. Photoacoustic/ultrasound dual imaging of human thyroid cancers: an initial clinical study. Biomed Opt Express 2017; 8:3449-3457. [PMID: 28717580 PMCID: PMC5508841 DOI: 10.1364/boe.8.003449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
We reported an initial clinical study of in vivo human thyroid by a photoacoustic/ultrasound handheld probe. Our dual-modality system is based on a high-end clinical ultrasound machine. Both healthy and cancerous thyroids were imaged non-invasively, and we compared the photoacoustic imaging with color Doppler ultrasound. The results of photoacoustic thyroid imaging could reveal many blood vessels that were not sensitive for Doppler ultrasound. Our study demonstrated that photoacoustic imaging could provide important complementary information for traditional ultrasound thyroid examination, which has a great potential for clinical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Yang
- Department of Ultrasonography, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Lingyi Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Xujin He
- Shenzhen Mindray Bio-Medical Electronics Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China
| | - Na Su
- Department of Ultrasonography, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - ChenYang Zhao
- Department of Ultrasonography, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Hewen Tang
- Department of Ultrasonography, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Tao Hong
- Department of Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Wenbo Li
- Department of Ultrasonography, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Fang Yang
- Shenzhen Mindray Bio-Medical Electronics Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China
| | - Lin Lin
- Department of Ultrasonography, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- Department of Ultrasonography, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Ultrasonography, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Yuxin Jiang
- Department of Ultrasonography, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Changhui Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
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15
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Karlas A, Reber J, Diot G, Bozhko D, Anastasopoulou M, Ibrahim T, Schwaiger M, Hyafil F, Ntziachristos V. Flow-mediated dilatation test using optoacoustic imaging: a proof-of-concept. Biomed Opt Express 2017; 8:3395-3403. [PMID: 28717575 PMCID: PMC5508836 DOI: 10.1364/boe.8.003395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Revised: 04/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Label-free multispectral optoacoustic tomography (MSOT) has recently shown superior performance in visualizing the morphology of human vasculature, especially of smaller vessels, compared to ultrasonography. Herein, we extend these observations towards MSOT interrogation of macrovascular endothelial function. We employed a real-time handheld MSOT scanner to assess flow-mediated dilatation (FMD), a technique used to characterize endothelial function. A data processing scheme was developed to quantify the dimensions and diameter changes of arteries in humans and determine wall distensibility parameters. By enabling high-resolution delineation of the blood-vessel wall in a cross-sectional fashion, the findings suggest MSOT as a capable alternative to ultrasonography for clinical FMD measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelos Karlas
- HelmholtzZentrum München, Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Munich School of Bioengineering, Technische Universität München (TUM), 81675 Munich, Germany
- Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Department of Cardiology, Ismaningerstrasse 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Josefine Reber
- HelmholtzZentrum München, Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Gael Diot
- Munich School of Bioengineering, Technische Universität München (TUM), 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Dmitry Bozhko
- HelmholtzZentrum München, Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Maria Anastasopoulou
- HelmholtzZentrum München, Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Tareq Ibrahim
- Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Department of Cardiology, Ismaningerstrasse 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Markus Schwaiger
- Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ismaningerstrasse 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Fabien Hyafil
- Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ismaningerstrasse 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
- Bichat University Hospital, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Inserm 1148, University Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Vasilis Ntziachristos
- HelmholtzZentrum München, Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Munich School of Bioengineering, Technische Universität München (TUM), 81675 Munich, Germany
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16
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Shu X, Li H, Dong B, Sun C, Zhang HF. Quantifying melanin concentration in retinal pigment epithelium using broadband photoacoustic microscopy. Biomed Opt Express 2017; 8:2851-2865. [PMID: 28663911 PMCID: PMC5480434 DOI: 10.1364/boe.8.002851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Melanin is the dominant light absorber in retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). The loss of RPE melanin is a sign of ocular senescence and is both a risk factor and a symptom of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Quantifying the RPE melanin concentration provides insight into the pathological role of RPE in ocular aging and the onset and progression of AMD. The main challenge in accurate quantification of RPE melanin concentration is to distinguish this ten-micrometer-thick cell monolayer from the underlying choroid, which also contains melanin but carries different pathognomonic information. In this work, we investigated a three-dimensional photoacoustic microscopic (PAM) method with high axial resolution, empowered by broad acoustic detection bandwidth, to distinguish RPE from choroid and quantify melanin concentrations in the RPE ex vivo. We first conducted numerical simulation on photoacoustic generation in the RPE, which suggested that a PAM system with at least 100-MHz detection bandwidth provided sufficient axial resolution to distinguish the melanin in RPE from that in choroid. Based on simulation results, we integrated a transparent broadband micro-ring resonator (MRR) based detector in a homebuilt PAM system. We imaged ex vivo RPE-choroid complexes (RCCs) from both porcine and human eyes and quantified the absolute melanin concentrations in the RPE and choroid, respectively. In our study, the measured melanin concentrations were 14.7 mg/mL and 17.0 mg/mL in human and porcine RPE, and 12 mg/mL and 61 mg/mL in human and porcine choroid, respectively. This study suggests that broadband PAM is capable of quantifying the RPE melanin concentration from RCCs ex vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Shu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Rd., Evanston, IL 60201, USA
- Both authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Rd., Evanston, IL 60201, USA
- Both authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Biqin Dong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Rd., Evanston, IL 60201, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Rd., Evanston, IL 60201, USA
| | - Cheng Sun
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Rd., Evanston, IL 60201, USA
| | - Hao F. Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Rd., Evanston, IL 60201, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Northwestern University, 645 North Michigan Ave., Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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17
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Daoudi K, Hoogenboom M, den Brok M, Eikelenboom D, Adema GJ, Fütterer JJ, de Korte CL. In vivo photoacoustics and high frequency ultrasound imaging of mechanical high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) ablation. Biomed Opt Express 2017; 8:2235-2244. [PMID: 28736668 PMCID: PMC5516825 DOI: 10.1364/boe.8.002235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The thermal effect of high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) has been clinically exploited over a decade, while the mechanical HIFU is still largely confined to laboratory investigations. This is in part due to the lack of adequate imaging techniques to better understand the in-vivo pathological and immunological effects caused by the mechanical treatment. In this work, we explore the use of high frequency ultrasound (US) and photoacoustics (PA) as a potential tool to evaluate the effect of mechanical ablation in-vivo, e.g. boiling histotripsy. Two mice bearing a neuroblastoma tumor in the right leg were ablated using an MRI-HIFU system conceived for small animals and monitored using MRI thermometry. High frequency US and PA imaging were performed before and after the HIFU treatment. Afterwards, the tumor was resected for further assessment and evaluation of the ablated region using histopathology. High frequency US imaging revealed the presence of liquefied regions in the treated area together with fragmentized tissue which appeared with different reflecting proprieties compared to the surrounding tissue. Photoacoustic imaging on the other hand revealed the presence of deoxygenated blood within the tumor after the ablation due to the destruction of blood vessel network while color Doppler imaging confirmed the blood vessel network destruction within the tumor. The treated area and the presence of red blood cells detected by photoacoustics were further confirmed by the histopathology. This feasibility study demonstrates the potential of high frequency US and PA approach for assessing in-vivo the effect of mechanical HIFU tumor ablation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Daoudi
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Medical UltraSound Imaging Centre, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Netherlands
| | - Martijn Hoogenboom
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Netherlands
| | - Martijn den Brok
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Netherlands
| | - Dylan Eikelenboom
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Netherlands
| | - Gosse J. Adema
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Netherlands
| | - Jürgen J. Fütterer
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Netherlands
| | - Chris L. de Korte
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Medical UltraSound Imaging Centre, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Netherlands
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18
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Chen Q, Jin T, Qi W, Mo X, Xi L. Label-free photoacoustic imaging of the cardio-cerebrovascular development in the embryonic zebrafish. Biomed Opt Express 2017; 8:2359-2367. [PMID: 28736676 DOI: 10.1364/boe.8.002359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Zebrafish play an important role in biology, pharmacology, toxicology, and medicine. The cardio-cerebrovascular development of zebrafish is particularly critical to understand both brain disorders and cardiovascular diseases in human. In this paper, we applied optical resolution photoacoustic microscopy (ORPAM) to image the whole-body vasculature of the embryonic zebrafish with a special focus on the development of the cardio-cerebrovascular system. Using the intrinsic optical absorption contrast of the embryo, we successfully visualized the formation of the cardio-cerebrovascular network in high-resolution using a 10 × objective, and monitored the whole-body vascular development using a 4 × objective. In addition, we evaluated the impact of the eggshell and pigment inhibitor on the image quality. Our results suggest that ORPAM is capable of studying the cardio-cerebrovascular development of zebrafish in the embryonic stage, and thus has the potential to investigate the cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases of human in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Chen
- School of Physical Electronics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Tian Jin
- School of Physical Electronics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Weizhi Qi
- School of Physical Electronics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Xianming Mo
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lei Xi
- School of Physical Electronics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China.,Center for Information in Biomedicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
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19
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Sangha GS, Phillips EH, Goergen CJ. In vivo photoacoustic lipid imaging in mice using the second near-infrared window. Biomed Opt Express 2017; 8:736-742. [PMID: 28270980 PMCID: PMC5330553 DOI: 10.1364/boe.8.000736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Photoacoustic imaging has emerged as a promising technique to improve preclinical and clinical imaging by providing users with label-free optical contrast of tissue. Here, we present a proof-of-concept study for noninvasive in vivo murine lipid imaging using 1210 nm light to investigate differences in periaortic fat among mice of different gender, genotypes, and maturation. Acquired lipid signals suggest that adult male apoE-/- mice have greater periaortic fat accumulation compared to adolescent males, apoE-/- females, and wild-type mice. These results demonstrate the potential of photoacoustic tomography for studying vascular pathophysiology and improving the diagnosis of lipid-based diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurneet S. Sangha
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, 206 S. Martin Jischke Dr., West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Evan H. Phillips
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, 206 S. Martin Jischke Dr., West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Craig J. Goergen
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, 206 S. Martin Jischke Dr., West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, 201 S. University St., West Lafayette, IN 46907, USA
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20
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Wu M, Springeling G, Lovrak M, Mastik F, Iskander-Rizk S, Wang T, van Beusekom HMM, van der Steen AFW, Van Soest G. Real-time volumetric lipid imaging in vivo by intravascular photoacoustics at 20 frames per second. Biomed Opt Express 2017; 8:943-953. [PMID: 28270995 PMCID: PMC5330573 DOI: 10.1364/boe.8.000943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Lipid deposition can be assessed with combined intravascular photoacoustic/ultrasound (IVPA/US) imaging. To date, the clinical translation of IVPA/US imaging has been stalled by a low imaging speed and catheter complexity. In this paper, we demonstrate imaging of lipid targets in swine coronary arteries in vivo, at a clinically useful frame rate of 20 s-1. We confirmed image contrast for atherosclerotic plaque in human samples ex vivo. The system is on a mobile platform and provides real-time data visualization during acquisition. We achieved an IVPA signal-to-noise ratio of 20 dB. These data show that clinical translation of IVPA is possible in principle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Thorax Center, Erasmus University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Geert Springeling
- Department of Experimental Medical Instrumentation, Erasmus University Medical Center PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Matija Lovrak
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Frits Mastik
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Thorax Center, Erasmus University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sophinese Iskander-Rizk
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Thorax Center, Erasmus University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tianshi Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Thorax Center, Erasmus University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Heleen M. M. van Beusekom
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Thorax Center, Erasmus University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A. F. W. van der Steen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Thorax Center, Erasmus University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Imaging Science and Technology, Delft University of Technology, Lorentzweg 1, 2628 CJ Delft, The Netherlands
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 518055 Shenzhen, China
| | - Gijs Van Soest
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Thorax Center, Erasmus University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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21
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Wang D, Wang Y, Wang W, Luo D, Chitgupi U, Geng J, Zhou Y, Wang L, Lovell JF, Xia J. Deep tissue photoacoustic computed tomography with a fast and compact laser system. Biomed Opt Express 2017; 8:112-123. [PMID: 28101405 PMCID: PMC5231285 DOI: 10.1364/boe.8.000112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/04/2016] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Photoacoustic computed tomography (PACT) holds great promise for biomedical imaging, but wide-spread implementation is impeded by the bulkiness of flash-lamp-pumped laser systems, which typically weigh between 50 - 200 kg, require continuous water cooling, and operate at a low repetition rate. Here, we demonstrate that compact lasers based on emerging diode technologies are well-suited for preclinical and clinical PACT. The diode-pumped laser used in this study had a miniature footprint (13 × 14 × 7 cm3), weighed only 1.6 kg, and outputted up to 80 mJ per pulse at 1064 nm. In vitro, the laser system readily provided over 4 cm PACT depth in chicken breast tissue. In vivo, in addition to high resolution, non-invasive brain imaging in living mice, the system can operate at 50 Hz, which enabled high-speed cross-sectional imaging of murine cardiac and respiratory function. The system also provided high quality, high-frame rate, and non-invasive three-dimensional mapping of arm, palm, and breast vasculature at multi centimeter depths in living human subjects, demonstrating the clinical viability of compact lasers for PACT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Depeng Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, USA
| | - Yuehang Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, USA
| | - Weiran Wang
- Department of Electronic Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Dandan Luo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, USA
| | - Upendra Chitgupi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, USA
| | - Jumin Geng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, USA
| | - Yang Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, USA
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Lidai Wang
- Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jonathan F Lovell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, USA
| | - Jun Xia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, USA
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22
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Hill ER, Xia W, Clarkson MJ, Desjardins AE. Identification and removal of laser-induced noise in photoacoustic imaging using singular value decomposition. Biomed Opt Express 2017; 8:68-77. [PMID: 28101402 PMCID: PMC5231316 DOI: 10.1364/boe.8.000068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Revised: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Singular value decomposition (SVD) was used to identify and remove laser-induced noise in photoacoustic images acquired with a clinical ultrasound scanner. This noise, which was prominent in the radiofrequency data acquired in parallel from multiple transducer elements, was induced by the excitation light source. It was modelled by truncating the SVD matrices so that only the first few largest singular value components were retained, and subtracted prior to image reconstruction. The dependency of the signal amplitude and the number of the largest singular value components used for noise modeling was investigated for different photoacoustic source geometries. Validation was performed with simulated data and measured noise, and with photoacoustic images acquired from the human forearm and finger in vivo using L14-5/38 and L40-8/12 linear array clinical imaging probes. The use of only one singular value component was found to be sufficient to achieve near-complete removal of laser-induced noise from reconstructed images. This method has strong potential to increase image quality for a wide range of photoacoustic imaging systems with parallel data acquisition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma R. Hill
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
- Equal contribution
| | - Wenfeng Xia
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
- Equal contribution
| | - Matthew J. Clarkson
- Translational Imaging Group (TIG), Centre for Medical Image Computing (CMIC), Dept. of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Adrien E. Desjardins
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
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23
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Mastanduno MA, Gambhir SS. Quantitative photoacoustic image reconstruction improves accuracy in deep tissue structures. Biomed Opt Express 2016; 7:3811-3825. [PMID: 27867695 PMCID: PMC5102520 DOI: 10.1364/boe.7.003811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Photoacoustic imaging (PAI) is emerging as a potentially powerful imaging tool with multiple applications. Image reconstruction for PAI has been relatively limited because of limited or no modeling of light delivery to deep tissues. This work demonstrates a numerical approach to quantitative photoacoustic image reconstruction that minimizes depth and spectrally derived artifacts. We present the first time-domain quantitative photoacoustic image reconstruction algorithm that models optical sources through acoustic data to create quantitative images of absorption coefficients. We demonstrate quantitative accuracy of less than 5% error in large 3 cm diameter 2D geometries with multiple targets and within 22% error in the largest size quantitative photoacoustic studies to date (6cm diameter). We extend the algorithm to spectral data, reconstructing 6 varying chromophores to within 17% of the true values. This quantitiative PA tomography method was able to improve considerably on filtered-back projection from the standpoint of image quality, absolute, and relative quantification in all our simulation geometries. We characterize the effects of time step size, initial guess, and source configuration on final accuracy. This work could help to generate accurate quantitative images from both endogenous absorbers and exogenous photoacoustic dyes in both preclinical and clinical work, thereby increasing the information content obtained especially from deep-tissue photoacoustic imaging studies.
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24
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Wang D, Wang Y, Zhou Y, Lovell JF, Xia J. Coherent-weighted three-dimensional image reconstruction in linear-array-based photoacoustic tomography. Biomed Opt Express 2016; 7:1957-65. [PMID: 27231634 PMCID: PMC4871094 DOI: 10.1364/boe.7.001957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
While the majority of photoacoustic imaging systems used custom-made transducer arrays, commercially-available linear transducer arrays hold the benefits of affordable price, handheld convenience and wide clinical recognition. They are not widely used in photoacoustic imaging primarily because of the poor elevation resolution. Here, without modifying the imaging geometry and system, we propose addressing this limitation purely through image reconstruction. Our approach is based on the integration of two advanced image reconstruction techniques: focal-line-based three-dimensional image reconstruction and coherent weighting. We first numerically validated our approach through simulation and then experimentally tested it in phantom and in vivo. Both simulation and experimental results proved that the method can significantly improve the elevation resolution (up to 4 times in our experiment) and enhance object contrast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Depeng Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, USA
| | - Yuehang Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, USA
| | - Yang Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, USA
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Jonathan F. Lovell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, USA
| | - Jun Xia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, USA
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25
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Allen TJ, Beard PC. High power visible light emitting diodes as pulsed excitation sources for biomedical photoacoustics. Biomed Opt Express 2016; 7:1260-70. [PMID: 27446652 PMCID: PMC4929638 DOI: 10.1364/boe.7.001260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The use of visible light emitting diodes (LEDs) as an alternative to Q-switched lasers conventionally used as photoacoustic excitation sources has been explored. In common with laser diodes, LEDs offer the advantages of compact size, low cost and high efficiency. However, laser diodes suitable for pulsed photoacoustic generation are typically available only at wavelengths greater than 750nm. By contrast, LEDs are readily available at visible wavelengths below 650nm where haemoglobin absorption is significantly higher, offering the prospect of increased SNR for superficial vascular imaging applications. To demonstrate feasibility, a range of low cost commercially available LEDs operating in the 420-620nm spectral range were used to generate photoacoustic signals in physiologically realistic vascular phantoms. Overdriving with 200ns pulses and operating at a low duty cycle enabled pulse energies up to 10µJ to be obtained with a 620nm LED. By operating at a high pulse repetition frequency (PRF) in order to rapidly signal average over many acquisitions, this pulse energy was sufficient to generate detectable signals in a blood filled tube immersed in an Intralipid suspension (µs' = 1mm(-1)) at a depth of 15mm using widefield illumination. In addition, a compact four-wavelength LED (460nm, 530nm, 590nm, 620nm) in conjunction with a coded excitation scheme was used to illustrate rapid multiwavelength signal acquisition for spectroscopic applications. This study demonstrates that LEDs could find application as inexpensive and compact multiwavelength photoacoustic excitation sources for imaging superficial vascular anatomy. Published by The Optical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J. Allen
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, Gower Street, WC1E6BT, UK
| | - Paul C. Beard
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, Gower Street, WC1E6BT, UK
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26
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Schwab HM, Beckmann MF, Schmitz G. Photoacoustic clutter reduction by inversion of a linear scatter model using plane wave ultrasound measurements. Biomed Opt Express 2016; 7:1468-78. [PMID: 27446669 PMCID: PMC4929655 DOI: 10.1364/boe.7.001468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Photoacoustic imaging aims to visualize light absorption properties of biological tissue by receiving a sound wave that is generated inside the observed object as a result of the photoacoustic effect. In clinical applications, the strong light absorption in human skin is a major problem. When high amplitude photoacoustic waves that originate from skin absorption propagate into the tissue, they are reflected back by acoustical scatterers and the reflections contribute to the received signal. The artifacts associated with these reflected waves are referred to as clutter or skin echo and limit the applicability of photoacoustic imaging for medical applications severely. This study seeks to exploit the acoustic tissue information gained by plane wave ultrasound measurements with a linear array in order to correct for reflections in the photoacoustic image. By deriving a theory for clutter waves in k-space and a matching inversion approach, photoacoustic measurements compensated for clutter are shown to be recovered.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Georg Schmitz
- Medical Engineering, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, 44780,
Germany
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27
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Wang Y, Xu D, Yang S, Xing D. Toward in vivo biopsy of melanoma based on photoacoustic and ultrasound dual imaging with an integrated detector. Biomed Opt Express 2016; 7:279-86. [PMID: 26977339 PMCID: PMC4771448 DOI: 10.1364/boe.7.000279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Revised: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Melanoma is the most dangerous type of skin cancer with high lethal rate. Tumor thickness and tumor-associated vasculature are two key parameters for staging melanoma. Previous techniques for diagnosing melanoma have insurmountable restrictions, such as invasive, low specificity, or inaccurate depth measurement. Here we develop an integrated photoacoustic (PA) and ultrasound (US) imaging system dedicated to overcome these limitations. An integrated detector with sound-light coaxial/confocal design and flexible coupling mode is employed for the combined PA/US imaging strategy. PA imaging results enable a clear characterization of tumor angiogenesis with high resolution and high contrast. Furthermore, accurate thickness measurements of melanoma in different stages can be resolved with the simultaneously obtained PA/US image. Phantom experiments and in vivo animal experimental results demonstrate the integrated PA/US system could provide potential for noninvasive biopsy of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yating Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Dong Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Sihua Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Da Xing
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
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28
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Sivasubramanian K, Pramanik M. High frame rate photoacoustic imaging at 7000 frames per second using clinical ultrasound system. Biomed Opt Express 2016; 7:312-23. [PMID: 26977342 PMCID: PMC4771451 DOI: 10.1364/boe.7.000312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Revised: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Photoacoustic tomography, a hybrid imaging modality combining optical and ultrasound imaging, is gaining attention in the field of medical imaging. Typically, a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser is used to excite the tissue and generate photoacoustic signals. But, such photoacoustic imaging systems are difficult to translate into clinical applications owing to their high cost, bulky size often requiring an optical table to house such lasers. Moreover, the low pulse repetition rate of few tens of hertz prevents them from being used in high frame rate photoacoustic imaging. In this work, we have demonstrated up to 7000 Hz photoacoustic imaging (B-mode) and measured the flow rate of a fast moving object. We used a ~140 nanosecond pulsed laser diode as an excitation source and a clinical ultrasound imaging system to capture and display the photoacoustic images. The excitation laser is ~803 nm in wavelength with ~1.4 mJ energy per pulse. So far, the reported 2-dimensional photoacoustic B-scan imaging is only a few tens of frames per second using a clinical ultrasound system. Therefore, this is the first report on 2-dimensional photoacoustic B-scan imaging with 7000 frames per second. We have demonstrated phantom imaging to view and measure the flow rate of ink solution inside a tube. This fast photoacoustic imaging can be useful for various clinical applications including cardiac related problems, where the blood flow rate is quite high, or other dynamic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Manojit Pramanik
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 637459 Singapore
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29
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Kang H, Lee SW, Lee ES, Kim SH, Lee TG. Real-time GPU-accelerated processing and volumetric display for wide-field laser-scanning optical-resolution photoacoustic microscopy. Biomed Opt Express 2015; 6:4650-60. [PMID: 26713184 PMCID: PMC4679244 DOI: 10.1364/boe.6.004650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Fast signal processing and real-time displays are essential for practical imaging modality in various fields of applications. However, the imaging speed in optical-resolution photoacoustic microscopy (OR-PAM), in particular, depends on factors such as the pulse repetition rate of the laser, scanning method, field of view (FOV), and signal processing time. In the past, efforts to increase acquisition speed either focused on developing new scanning methods or using lasers with higher pulse repetition rates. However, high-speed signal processing is also important for real-time volumetric display in OR-PAM. In this study, we carried out parallel signal processing using a graphics processing unit (GPU) to enable fast signal processing and wide-field real-time displays in laser-scanning OR-PAM. The average total GPU processing time for a B-mode PAM image was approximately 1.35 ms at a display speed of 480 fps when the data samples were acquired with 736 (axial) × 500 (lateral) points/B-mode-frame at a pulse repetition rate of 300 kHz. In addition, we successfully displayed maximum amplitude projection images of a mouse's ear as volumetric images with an FOV of 3 mm × 3 mm (500 × 500 pixels) at 1.02 s, corresponding to 0.98 fps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heesung Kang
- Center for Nano-Bio Measurement, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejoen 305-340, South Korea ; contributed equally
| | - Sang-Won Lee
- Center for Nano-Bio Measurement, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejoen 305-340, South Korea ; Center for Nanosafety Metrology, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon 305-340, South Korea ; Department of Nano Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejoen 305-350, South Korea ; contributed equally ;
| | - Eun-Soo Lee
- Center for Nano-Bio Measurement, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejoen 305-340, South Korea
| | - Se-Hwa Kim
- Center for Nano-Bio Measurement, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejoen 305-340, South Korea ; Center for Nanosafety Metrology, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon 305-340, South Korea ; Department of Nano and Bio Surface Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-350, South Korea
| | - Tae Geol Lee
- Center for Nano-Bio Measurement, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejoen 305-340, South Korea ; Department of Nano Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejoen 305-350, South Korea ;
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30
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He G, Xu D, Qin H, Yang S, Xing D. In vivo cell characteristic extraction and identification by photoacoustic flow cytography. Biomed Opt Express 2015; 6:3748-3756. [PMID: 26504626 PMCID: PMC4605035 DOI: 10.1364/boe.6.003748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Revised: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We present a photoacoustic flow cytography with fast cross-sectional (B-scan) imaging to precisely identify specific cells in vivo. The B-scan imaging speed of the system is up to 200 frame/s with a lateral resolution of 1.5 μm, which allows to dynamically image the flowing cells within the microvascular. The shape, size and photoacoustic intensity of the target cells are extracted from streaming images and integrated into a standard pattern to distinguish cell types. Circulating red blood cells and melanoma cells in blood vessels are simultaneously identified on melanoma-bearing mouse model. The results demonstrate that in vivo photoacoustic flow cytography can provide cells characteristics analysis and cell type's visual identification, which will be applied for noninvasively monitoring circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and analyzing hematologic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo He
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Dong Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Huan Qin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Sihua Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Da Xing
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
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31
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Wu M, Jansen K, van der Steen AFW, van Soest G. Specific imaging of atherosclerotic plaque lipids with two-wavelength intravascular photoacoustics. Biomed Opt Express 2015; 6:3276-86. [PMID: 26417500 PMCID: PMC4574656 DOI: 10.1364/boe.6.003276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Revised: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The lipid content in plaques is an important marker for identifying atherosclerotic lesions and disease states. Intravascular photoacoustic (IVPA) imaging can be used to visualize lipids in the artery. In this study, we further investigated lipid detection in the 1.7-µm spectral range. By exploiting the relative difference between the IVPA signal strengths at 1718 and 1734 nm, we could successfully detect and differentiate between the plaque lipids and peri-adventitial fat in human coronary arteries ex vivo. Our study demonstrates that IVPA imaging can positively identify atherosclerotic plaques using only two wavelengths, which could enable rapid data acquisition in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Thorax Center, Erasmus University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Krista Jansen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Thorax Center, Erasmus University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of The Netherlands–Netherlands Heart Institute, PO Box 19258, 3501 DG Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Section Audiology, Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, and EMGO Institute of Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Antonius F. W. van der Steen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Thorax Center, Erasmus University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of The Netherlands–Netherlands Heart Institute, PO Box 19258, 3501 DG Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Imaging Science and Technology, Delft University of Technology, Lorentzweg 1, 2628 CJ Delft, The Netherlands
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 518055 Shenzhen, China
| | - Gijs van Soest
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Thorax Center, Erasmus University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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32
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Chekkoury A, Gateau J, Driessen W, Symvoulidis P, Bézière N, Feuchtinger A, Walch A, Ntziachristos V. Optical mesoscopy without the scatter: broadband multispectral optoacoustic mesoscopy. Biomed Opt Express 2015; 6:3134-48. [PMID: 26417486 PMCID: PMC4574642 DOI: 10.1364/boe.6.003134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Revised: 06/06/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Optical mesoscopy extends the capabilities of biological visualization beyond the limited penetration depth achieved by microscopy. However, imaging of opaque organisms or tissues larger than a few hundred micrometers requires invasive tissue sectioning or chemical treatment of the specimen for clearing photon scattering, an invasive process that is regardless limited with depth. We developed previously unreported broadband optoacoustic mesoscopy as a tomographic modality to enable imaging of optical contrast through several millimeters of tissue, without the need for chemical treatment of tissues. We show that the unique combination of three-dimensional projections over a broad 500 kHz-40 MHz frequency range combined with multi-wavelength illumination is necessary to render broadband multispectral optoacoustic mesoscopy (2B-MSOM) superior to previous optical or optoacoustic mesoscopy implementations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei Chekkoury
- Chair for Biologial Imaging, Technische Universität München (TUM), Ismaningerstr. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
- Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging (IBMI), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jérôme Gateau
- Chair for Biologial Imaging, Technische Universität München (TUM), Ismaningerstr. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
- Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging (IBMI), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Wouter Driessen
- Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging (IBMI), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
- iThera Medical, GmbH, Zielstattstraße 13, 81379, Munich, Germany
| | - Panagiotis Symvoulidis
- Chair for Biologial Imaging, Technische Universität München (TUM), Ismaningerstr. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
- Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging (IBMI), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Nicolas Bézière
- Chair for Biologial Imaging, Technische Universität München (TUM), Ismaningerstr. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
- Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging (IBMI), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Annette Feuchtinger
- Research Unit of Analytical Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Helmholtz ZentrumMünchen, IngolstädterLandstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Axel Walch
- Research Unit of Analytical Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Helmholtz ZentrumMünchen, IngolstädterLandstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Vasilis Ntziachristos
- Chair for Biologial Imaging, Technische Universität München (TUM), Ismaningerstr. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
- Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging (IBMI), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
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33
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Buma T, Wilkinson BC, Sheehan TC. Near-infrared spectroscopic photoacoustic microscopy using a multi-color fiber laser source. Biomed Opt Express 2015; 6:2819-29. [PMID: 26309746 PMCID: PMC4541510 DOI: 10.1364/boe.6.002819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Revised: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a simple multi-wavelength optical source suitable for spectroscopic optical resolution photoacoustic microscopy (OR-PAM) of lipid-rich tissue. 1064 nm laser pulses are converted to multiple wavelengths beyond 1300 nm via nonlinear optical propagation in a birefringent optical fiber. OR-PAM experiments with lipid phantoms clearly show the expected absorption peak near 1210 nm. We believe this simple multi-color technique is a promising cost-effective approach to spectroscopic OR-PAM of lipid-rich tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Buma
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Union College, Schenectady, NY 12308, USA
- Bioengineering Program, Union College, Schenectady, NY 12308, USA
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34
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Li R, Wang P, Lan L, Lloyd FP, Goergen CJ, Chen S, Cheng JX. Assessing breast tumor margin by multispectral photoacoustic tomography. Biomed Opt Express 2015; 6:1273-81. [PMID: 25909011 PMCID: PMC4399666 DOI: 10.1364/boe.6.001273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Revised: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
An unmet need exists in high-speed and highly-sensitive intraoperative assessment of breast cancer margin during conservation surgical procedures. Here, we demonstrate a multispectral photoacoustic tomography system for breast tumor margin assessment using fat and hemoglobin as contrasts. This system provides ~3 mm tissue depth and ~125 μm axial resolution. The results agreed with the histological findings. A high sensitivity in margin assessment was accomplished, which opens a compelling way to intraoperative margin assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Li
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, 206 S Martin Jischke Drive., West Lafayette, Indiana, 47907,
USA
- Authors contributed equally
| | - Pu Wang
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, 206 S Martin Jischke Drive., West Lafayette, Indiana, 47907,
USA
- Authors contributed equally
| | - Lu Lan
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, 206 S Martin Jischke Drive., West Lafayette, Indiana, 47907,
USA
| | - Frank P. Lloyd
- Surgical Oncology- Cascade Metrix/Putman County Hospital, 1542 S Bloomington Street, Greencastle, Indiana, 46135,
USA
| | - Craig J. Goergen
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, 206 S Martin Jischke Drive., West Lafayette, Indiana, 47907,
USA
- Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, 201 S. University Street, West Lafayette, Indiana, 47906,
USA
| | - Shaoxiong Chen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, 350 West 11th Street, Indianapolis, Indiana, 46202,
USA
| | - Ji-Xin Cheng
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, 206 S Martin Jischke Drive., West Lafayette, Indiana, 47907,
USA
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana, 47907,
USA
- Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, 201 S. University Street, West Lafayette, Indiana, 47906,
USA
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35
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Li T, Xu X, Chen B, Rong J, Jiang H. Photoacoustic imaging of acupuncture effect in small animals. Biomed Opt Express 2015; 6:433-42. [PMID: 25780734 PMCID: PMC4354603 DOI: 10.1364/boe.6.000433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Revised: 07/06/2014] [Accepted: 07/12/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Acupuncture has been a powerful clinical tool for treating chronic diseases. However, there is currently no appropriate method to clarify the therapeutic effect of acupuncture. Here, we use photoacoustic tomography (PAT) to study the effect of acupuncture on mouse brain blood vessels. Ten healthy mice were stimulated with acupuncture needles on two acupoints. PAT images were obtained before and after acupuncture. We report that stimulation of certain acupoints resulted in changes in hemodynamics/blood flow at these points. The results demonstrate that PAT can non-invasively detect blood flow changes in mouse brain under acupuncture. This pilot study shows the potential of PAT as a visualization tool for illuminating the mechanism of acupuncture and promoting its clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Li
- School of Physical Electronics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan,
China
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Xueliang Xu
- Teaching Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan,
China
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Bingzhang Chen
- School of Physical Electronics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan,
China
| | - Jian Rong
- School of Physical Electronics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan,
China
| | - Huabei Jiang
- School of Physical Electronics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan,
China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida,
USA
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36
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Wang T, Nandy S, Salehi HS, Kumavor PD, Zhu Q. A low-cost photoacoustic microscopy system with a laser diode excitation. Biomed Opt Express 2014; 5:3053-8. [PMID: 25401019 PMCID: PMC4230864 DOI: 10.1364/boe.5.003053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Revised: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Photoacoustic microscopy (PAM) is capable of mapping microvasculature networks in biological tissue and has demonstrated great potential for biomedical applications. However, the clinical application of the PAM system is limited due to the use of bulky and expensive pulsed laser sources. In this paper, a low-cost optical-resolution PAM system with a pulsed laser diode excitation has been introduced. The lateral resolution of this PAM system was estimated to be 7 µm by imaging a carbon fiber. The phantoms made of polyethylene tubes filled with blood and a mouse ear were imaged to demonstrate the feasibility of this PAM system for imaging biological tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianheng Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Sreyankar Nandy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Hassan S. Salehi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Patrick D. Kumavor
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Quing Zhu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
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37
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Hannah AS, VanderLaan D, Chen YS, Emelianov SY. Photoacoustic and ultrasound imaging using dual contrast perfluorocarbon nanodroplets triggered by laser pulses at 1064 nm. Biomed Opt Express 2014; 5:3042-52. [PMID: 25401018 PMCID: PMC4230866 DOI: 10.1364/boe.5.003042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Revised: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Recently, a dual photoacoustic and ultrasound contrast agent-named photoacoustic nanodroplet-has been introduced. Photoacoustic nanodroplets consist of a perfluorocarbon core, surfactant shell, and encapsulated photoabsorber. Upon pulsed laser irradiation the perfluorocarbon converts to gas, inducing a photoacoustic signal from vaporization and subsequent ultrasound contrast from the resulting gas microbubbles. In this work we synthesize nanodroplets which encapsulate gold nanorods with a peak absorption near 1064 nm. Such nanodroplets are optimal for extended photoacoustic imaging depth and contrast, safety and system cost. We characterized the nanodroplets for optical absorption, image contrast and vaporization threshold. We then imaged the particles in an ex vivo porcine tissue sample, reporting contrast enhancement in a biological environment. These 1064 nm triggerable photoacoustic nanodroplets are a robust biomedical tool to enhance image contrast at clinically relevant depths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander S. Hannah
- The Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Donald VanderLaan
- The Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
- The Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Yun-Sheng Chen
- The Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
- The Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Stanislav Y. Emelianov
- The Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
- The Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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38
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Aguirre J, Morales-Dalmau J, Funk L, Jara F, Turon P, Durduran T. The potential of photoacoustic microscopy as a tool to characterize the in vivo degradation of surgical sutures. Biomed Opt Express 2014; 5:2856-69. [PMID: 25136508 PMCID: PMC4133012 DOI: 10.1364/boe.5.002856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Revised: 07/19/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The ex vivo and in vivo imaging, and quantitative characterization of the degradation of surgical sutures (∼500 μm diameter) up to ∼1cm depth is demonstrated using a custom dark-field photo-acoustic microscope (PAM). A practical algorithm is developed to accurately measure the suture diameter during the degradation process. The results from tissue simulating phantoms and mice are compared to ex vivo measurements with an optical microscope demonstrating that PAM has a great deal of potential to characterize the degradation process of surgical sutures. The implications of this work for industrial applications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Aguirre
- ICFO-Insitut de Ciènces Fotòniques, 08860, Castelldefels, Barcelona,
Spain
| | | | - Lutz Funk
- B.Braun Surgical S.A., 08191, Rubí, Barcelona,
Spain
| | - Francesc Jara
- B.Braun Surgical S.A., 08191, Rubí, Barcelona,
Spain
| | - Pau Turon
- B.Braun Surgical S.A., 08191, Rubí, Barcelona,
Spain
| | - Turgut Durduran
- ICFO-Insitut de Ciènces Fotòniques, 08860, Castelldefels, Barcelona,
Spain
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39
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James J, Murukeshan VM, Woh LS. Integrated photoacoustic, ultrasound and fluorescence platform for diagnostic medical imaging-proof of concept study with a tissue mimicking phantom. Biomed Opt Express 2014; 5:2135-44. [PMID: 25071954 PMCID: PMC4102354 DOI: 10.1364/boe.5.002135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Revised: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The structural and molecular heterogeneities of biological tissues demand the interrogation of the samples with multiple energy sources and provide visualization capabilities at varying spatial resolution and depth scales for obtaining complementary diagnostic information. A novel multi-modal imaging approach that uses optical and acoustic energies to perform photoacoustic, ultrasound and fluorescence imaging at multiple resolution scales from the tissue surface and depth is proposed in this paper. The system comprises of two distinct forms of hardware level integration so as to have an integrated imaging system under a single instrumentation set-up. The experimental studies show that the system is capable of mapping high resolution fluorescence signatures from the surface, optical absorption and acoustic heterogeneities along the depth (>2cm) of the tissue at multi-scale resolution (<1µm to <0.5mm).
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph James
- The Centre for Optical and Lasers in Engineering (COLE), School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Vadakke Matham Murukeshan
- The Centre for Optical and Lasers in Engineering (COLE), School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Lye Sun Woh
- The Centre for Optical and Lasers in Engineering (COLE), School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
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40
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Hajireza P, Forbrich A, Zemp R. In-Vivo functional optical-resolution photoacoustic microscopy with stimulated Raman scattering fiber-laser source. Biomed Opt Express 2014; 5:539-46. [PMID: 24575346 PMCID: PMC3920882 DOI: 10.1364/boe.5.000539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Revised: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
In this paper a multi-wavelength optical-resolution photoacoustic microscopy (OR-PAM) system using stimulated Raman scattering is demonstrated for both phantom and in vivo imaging. A 1-ns pulse width ytterbium-doped fiber laser is coupled into a single-mode polarization maintaining fiber. Discrete Raman-shifted wavelength peaks extending to nearly 800 nm are generated with pulse energies sufficient for OR-PAM imaging. Bandpass filters are used to select imaging wavelengths. A dual-mirror galvanometer system was used to scan the focused outputs across samples of carbon fiber networks, 200μm dye-filled tubes, and Swiss Webster mouse ears. Photoacoustic signals were collected in transmission mode and used to create maximum amplitude projection C-scan images. Double dye experiments and in vivo oxygen saturation estimation confirmed functional imaging potential.
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41
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Xia W, Piras D, Singh MKA, van Hespen JCG, van Leeuwen TG, Steenbergen W, Manohar S. Design and evaluation of a laboratory prototype system for 3D photoacoustic full breast tomography. Biomed Opt Express 2013; 4:2555-69. [PMID: 24298416 PMCID: PMC3829550 DOI: 10.1364/boe.4.002555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2013] [Revised: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Photoacoustic imaging can visualize vascularization-driven optical absorption contrast with great potential for breast cancer detection and diagnosis. State-of-the-art photoacoustic breast imaging systems are promising but are limited either by only a 2D imaging capability or by an insufficient imaging field-of-view (FOV). We present a laboratory prototype system designed for 3D photoacoustic full breast tomography, and comprehensively characterize it and evaluate its performance in imaging phantoms. The heart of the system is an ultrasound detector array specifically developed for breast imaging and optimized for high sensitivity. Each detector element has an acoustic lens to enlarge the acceptance angle of the large surface area detector elements to ensure a wide system FOV. We characterized the ultrasound detector array performance in terms of frequency response, directional sensitivity, minimum detectable pressure and inter-element electrical and mechanical cross-talk. Further we evaluated the system performance of the laboratory prototype imager using well-defined breast mimicking phantoms. The system possesses a 2 mm XY plane resolution and a 6 mm vertical resolution. A vasculature mimicking object was successfully visualized down to a depth of 40 mm in the breast phantom. Further, tumor mimicking spherical objects with 5 and 10 mm diameter at 20 mm and 40 mm depths are recovered, indicating high system sensitivity. The system has a 170 × 170 × 170 mm(3) FOV, which is well suited for full breast imaging. Various recommendations are provided for performance improvement and to guide this laboratory prototype to a clinical version in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfeng Xia
- Biomedical Photonic Imaging group, Mira Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500AE Enschede,
The Netherlands
| | - Daniele Piras
- Biomedical Photonic Imaging group, Mira Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500AE Enschede,
The Netherlands
| | - Mithun K. A. Singh
- Biomedical Photonic Imaging group, Mira Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500AE Enschede,
The Netherlands
| | - Johan C. G. van Hespen
- Biomedical Photonic Imaging group, Mira Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500AE Enschede,
The Netherlands
| | - Ton G. van Leeuwen
- Biomedical Photonic Imaging group, Mira Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500AE Enschede,
The Netherlands
- Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 2270, 1100 DE Amsterdam,
The Netherlands
| | - Wiendelt Steenbergen
- Biomedical Photonic Imaging group, Mira Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500AE Enschede,
The Netherlands
| | - Srirang Manohar
- Biomedical Photonic Imaging group, Mira Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500AE Enschede,
The Netherlands
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42
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Wurzinger G, Nuster R, Schmitner N, Gratt S, Meyer D, Paltauf G. Simultaneous three-dimensional photoacoustic and laser-ultrasound tomography. Biomed Opt Express 2013; 4:1380-9. [PMID: 24010000 PMCID: PMC3756579 DOI: 10.1364/boe.4.001380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Revised: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 07/17/2013] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
A tomographic setup that provides the co-registration of photoacoustic (PA) and ultrasound (US) images is presented. For pulse-echo US-tomography laser-induced broadband plane ultrasonic waves are produced by illuminating an optically absorbing target with a short near-infrared laser pulse. Part of the same pulse is frequency doubled and used for the generation of PA waves within the object of interest. The laser-generated plane waves are scattered at the imaging object and measured with the same interferometric detector that also acquires the photoacoustic signals. After collection and separation of the data image reconstruction is done using back-projection resulting in three-dimensional, co-registered PA and US images. The setup is characterized and the resolution in PA and US mode is estimated to be about 85 µm and 40 µm, respectively. Besides measurements on phantoms the performance is also tested on a biological sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerhild Wurzinger
- Department of Physics, Karl-Franzens Universitaet Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Robert Nuster
- Department of Physics, Karl-Franzens Universitaet Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Nicole Schmitner
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Sibylle Gratt
- Department of Physics, Karl-Franzens Universitaet Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Dirk Meyer
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Günther Paltauf
- Department of Physics, Karl-Franzens Universitaet Graz, Graz, Austria
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43
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Harrison T, Shao P, Zemp RJ. A least-squares fixed-point iterative algorithm for multiple illumination photoacoustic tomography. Biomed Opt Express 2013; 4:2224-30. [PMID: 24156078 PMCID: PMC3799680 DOI: 10.1364/boe.4.002224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Revised: 09/05/2013] [Accepted: 09/11/2013] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The optical absorption of tissues provides important information for clinical and pre-clinical studies. The challenge in recovering optical absorption from photoacoustic images is that the measured pressure depends on absorption and local fluence. One reconstruction approach uses a fixed-point iterative technique based on minimizing the mean-squared error combined with modeling of the light source to determine optical absorption. With this technique, convergence is not guaranteed even with an accurate measure of optical scattering. In this work we demonstrate using simulations that a new multiple illumination least squares fixed-point iteration algorithm improves convergence - even with poor estimates of optical scattering.
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44
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Mattison SP, Shelton RL, Maxson RT, Applegate BE. Continuous real-time photoacoustic demodulation via field programmable gate array for dynamic imaging of zebrafish cardiac cycle. Biomed Opt Express 2013; 4:1451-63. [PMID: 24010007 PMCID: PMC3756580 DOI: 10.1364/boe.4.001451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Revised: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 07/23/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
A four dimensional data set of the cardiac cycle of a zebrafish embryo was acquired using postacquisition synchronization of real time photoacoustic b-scans. Utilizing an off-axis photoacoustic microscopy (OA-PAM) setup, we have expanded upon our previous work with OA-PAM to develop a system that can sustain 100 kHz line rates while demodulating the bipolar photoacoustic signal in real-time. Real-time processing was accomplished by quadrature demodulation on a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) in line with the signal digitizer. Simulated data acquisition verified the system is capable of real-time processing up to a line rate of 1 MHz. Galvanometer-scanning of the excitation laser inside the focus of the ultrasonic transducer enables real data acquisition of a 200 by 200 by 200 pixel, volumetric data set across a 2 millimeter field of view at a rate of 2.5 Hz.
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45
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Aguirre J, Giannoula A, Minagawa T, Funk L, Turon P, Durduran T. A low memory cost model based reconstruction algorithm exploiting translational symmetry for photoacustic microscopy. Biomed Opt Express 2013; 4:2813-27. [PMID: 24409382 PMCID: PMC3862162 DOI: 10.1364/boe.4.002813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Revised: 10/27/2013] [Accepted: 11/01/2013] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
A model based reconstruction algorithm that exploits translational symmetries for photoacoustic microscopy to drastically reduce the memory cost is presented. The memory size needed to store the model matrix is independent of the number of acquisitions at different positions. This helps us to overcome one of the main limitations of previous algorithms. Furthermore, using the algebraic reconstruction technique and building the model matrix "on the fly", we have obtained fast reconstructions of simulated and experimental data on both two- and three-dimensional grids using a traditional dark field photoacoustic microscope and a standard personal computer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Aguirre
- ICFO-Institut de Ciènces Fotòniques, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alexia Giannoula
- ICFO-Institut de Ciènces Fotòniques, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Taisuke Minagawa
- ICFO-Institut de Ciènces Fotòniques, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lutz Funk
- B.Braun Surgical S.A., Rubí, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pau Turon
- B.Braun Surgical S.A., Rubí, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Turgut Durduran
- ICFO-Institut de Ciènces Fotòniques, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
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46
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Wang T, Yang Y, Alqasemi U, Kumavor PD, Wang X, Sanders M, Brewer M, Zhu Q. Characterization of ovarian tissue based on quantitative analysis of photoacoustic microscopy images. Biomed Opt Express 2013; 4:2763-8. [PMID: 24409378 PMCID: PMC3862149 DOI: 10.1364/boe.4.002763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Revised: 10/20/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, human ovarian tissue with malignant and benign features was imaged ex vivo using an optical-resolution photoacoustic microscopy (OR-PAM) system. The feasibility of PAM to differentiate malignant from normal ovarian tissues was explored by comparing the PAM images morphologically. Based on the observed differences between PAM images of normal and malignant ovarian tissues in microvasculature features and distributions, seven features were quantitatively extracted from the PAM images, and a logistic model was used to classify ovaries as normal or malignant. 106 PAM images from 18 ovaries were studied. 57 images were used to train the seven-parameter logistic model, and a specificity of 92.1% and a sensitivity of 89.5% were achieved; 49 images were then tested, and a specificity of 81.3% and a sensitivity of 88.2% were achieved. These preliminary results demonstrate the feasibility of our PAM system in mapping microvasculature networks as well as characterizing the ovarian tissue, and could be extremely valuable in assisting surgeons for in vivo evaluation of ovarian tissue during minimally invasive surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianheng Wang
- University of Connecticut, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Yi Yang
- University of Connecticut, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Umar Alqasemi
- University of Connecticut, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Patrick D. Kumavor
- University of Connecticut, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- University of Connecticut Health Center, Division of Pathology, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Melinda Sanders
- University of Connecticut Health Center, Division of Pathology, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Molly Brewer
- University of Connecticut Health Center, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Quing Zhu
- University of Connecticut, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
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47
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Wang B, Xiang L, Jiang MS, Yang J, Zhang Q, Carney PR, Jiang H. Photoacoustic tomography system for noninvasive real-time three-dimensional imaging of epilepsy. Biomed Opt Express 2012; 3:1427-32. [PMID: 22741087 PMCID: PMC3370981 DOI: 10.1364/boe.3.001427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2012] [Revised: 04/19/2012] [Accepted: 05/15/2012] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
A real-time three-dimensional (3D) photoacoustic imaging system was developed for epilepsy imaging in small animals. The system is based on a spherical array containing 192 transducers with a 5 MHz central frequency. The signals from the 192 transducers are amplified by 16 homemade preamplifier boards with 26 dB and multiplexed into a 64 channel data acquisition system. It can record a complete set of 3D data at a frame rate of 3.3 f/s, and the spatial resolution is about 0.2 mm. Phantom experiments were conducted to demonstrate the high imaging quality and real time imaging ability of the system. Finally, we tested the system on an acute epilepsy rat model, and the induced seizure focus was successfully detected using this system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Liangzhong Xiang
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Max S. Jiang
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Jianjun Yang
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Qizhi Zhang
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Paul R. Carney
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- Neurology and Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- Wilder Center of Excellence for Epilepsy Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Huabei Jiang
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
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48
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Liu T, Wei Q, Song W, Burke JM, Jiao S, Zhang HF. Near-infrared light photoacoustic ophthalmoscopy. Biomed Opt Express 2012; 3:792-9. [PMID: 22574266 PMCID: PMC3345807 DOI: 10.1364/boe.3.000792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2012] [Accepted: 03/12/2012] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
We achieved photoacoustic ophthalmoscopy (PAOM) imaging of the retina with near-infrared (NIR) light illumination. A PAOM imaging system with dual-wavelength illumination at 1064 nm and 532 nm was built. We compared in vivo imaging results of both albino and pigmented rat eyes at the two wavelengths. The results show that the bulk optical absorption of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is only slightly higher than that of the retinal vessels at 532 nm while it becomes more than an order of magnitude higher than that of the retinal vessels at 1064 nm. These studies suggest that although visible light illumination is suitable for imaging both the retinal vessels and the RPE, NIR light illumination, being more comfortable to the eye, is better suited for RPE melanin related investigations and diagnoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tan Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Qing Wei
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Wei Song
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Department of Physics, Harbin Institute of Technology, 92 West Da-Zhi Street Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150080, China
| | - Janice M. Burke
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Medical College of Wisconsin, 925 N. 87th Street, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Shuliang Jiao
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Hao F. Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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49
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Rousseau G, Blouin A, Monchalin JP. Non-contact photoacoustic tomography and ultrasonography for tissue imaging. Biomed Opt Express 2012; 3:16-25. [PMID: 22254164 PMCID: PMC3255333 DOI: 10.1364/boe.3.000016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2011] [Revised: 10/14/2011] [Accepted: 11/22/2011] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The detection of ultrasound in photoacoustic tomography (PAT) and ultrasonography (US) usually relies on ultrasonic transducers in contact with the biological tissue. This is a major drawback for important potential applications such as surgery and small animal imaging. Here we report the use of remote optical detection, as used in industrial laser-ultrasonics, to detect ultrasound in biological tissues. This strategy enables non-contact implementation of PAT and US without exceeding laser exposure safety limits. The method uses suitably shaped laser pulses and a confocal Fabry-Perot interferometer in differential configuration to reach quantum-limited sensitivity. Endogenous and exogenous inclusions exhibiting optical and acoustic contrasts were detected ex vivo in chicken breast and calf brain specimens. Inclusions down to 0.5 mm in size were detected at depths well exceeding 1 cm. The method could significantly expand the scope of applications of PAT and US in biomedical imaging.
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50
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Gratt S, Passler K, Nuster R, Paltauf G. Photoacoustic section imaging with an integrating cylindrical detector. Biomed Opt Express 2011; 2:2973-81. [PMID: 22076260 PMCID: PMC3207368 DOI: 10.1364/boe.2.002973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2011] [Revised: 09/19/2011] [Accepted: 09/20/2011] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
A piezoelectric detector with a cylindrical shape is investigated for photoacoustic section imaging. Images are acquired by rotating a sample in front of the cylindrical detector. With its length exceeding the size of the imaging object, it works as an integrating sensor and therefore allows reconstructing section images with the inverse Radon transform. Prior to the reconstruction the Abel transform is applied to the measured signals to improve the accuracy of the image. A resolution of about 100 µm within a section and of 500 µm between sections is obtained. Additionally, a series of images of a zebra fish is shown.
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