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de With G, Vives I Batlle J, Bezhenar R, Maderich V, Pérez FF, Tacu A. Comparison of methods for the radiological impact assessment of aquatic releases to the waters in the low countries. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity 2023; 270:107271. [PMID: 37586186 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2023.107271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Accurate assessment of the radiological impact of liquid discharges on the marine environment is challenging despite all developments in recent years. The lack of consensus on this type of assessment manifests itself even stronger when transborder issues are expected, such as in the Low Countries. Belgium and the Netherlands operate nuclear power plants with discharges in the shared estuary of the Western Scheldt, therefore if there are safety concerns, information on both sides of the border must be coherent. This work provides a comparison of two computational methods used for assessment of aquatic releases in the Western Scheldt estuary and the adjacent North Sea.The work demonstrates a fair degree of consistency in modelling the uptake and fate of key anthropogenic radionuclides. Nevertheless, there are also considerable differences found in sediment and sea species with concentrations ranging by over two orders of magnitude in some cases. These explainable differences are methodological in nature, occurring in codes that underwent extensive validation during development. Therefore, the outcomes of this work clearly demonstrate the need to produce explicit guidance that is specifically tailored to the (inter)national water system of concern. This should not be limited to releases from nuclear power plants, but also include other nuclear applications. For all these reasons, more intensive collaboration and model harmonisation across borders is essential, signalling the direction for future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- G de With
- Nuclear Research and Consultancy Group (NRG), Utrechtseweg 310, NL-6800, ES Arnhem, the Netherlands.
| | - J Vives I Batlle
- Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, Boeretang 200, BE-2400, Mol, Belgium
| | - R Bezhenar
- Institute of Mathematical Machine and System Problems, Glushkov Av., 42, Kyiv, 03187, Ukraine
| | - V Maderich
- Institute of Mathematical Machine and System Problems, Glushkov Av., 42, Kyiv, 03187, Ukraine
| | | | - A Tacu
- Nuclear Research and Consultancy Group (NRG), Utrechtseweg 310, NL-6800, ES Arnhem, the Netherlands
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Abbasi A. Radiation risk assessment of coastal biota from a quasi-Fukushima hypothetical accident in the Mediterranean Sea. Mar Pollut Bull 2023; 194:115363. [PMID: 37586269 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of the February 6, 2023, earthquake in Turkey was the idea of this research to define a Fukushima-like accident scenario in the Akkuyu nuclear reactor and investigate its radiation effects on the coastal organisms of the Mediterranean Sea. The concentration rate (CR), activity concentration in organisms, internal dose, external dose, and total dose rate were estimated using the ERICA Tool from 137Cs, 134Cs and 131I radionuclides. The minimum and maximum radiocesium CR were calculated at 0.063 Bq kg-1 fresh weight (f.w)/Bq kg-1 soil and 4.042 Bq kg-1 (f.w)/Bq kg-1 soil dry weight (d.w). Where this value for 131I ranged from 0.005 to 0.295 Bq kg-1 (f.w)/Bq kg-1 soil. For mammals-large and arthropods, we calculated the significant internal and external dose rates. All of the estimated dose rates were higher than the ICRP's derived consideration reference levels (10 μGy h-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Akbar Abbasi
- Faculty of Art and Science, University of Kyrenia, Kyrenia, North Cyprus via Mersin 10, Turkey; Physics Department, Eastern Mediterranean University, Famagusta, 99628 North Cyprus via Mersin 10, Turkey.
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Minenko V, Kukhta T, Trofimik S, Zhukova O, Podgaiskaya M, Viarenich K, Bouville A, Drozdovitch V. Evaluation of 131I transfer in the environment based on the available measurements made in Belarus after the Chernobyl accident. J Environ Radioact 2022; 250:106928. [PMID: 35660203 PMCID: PMC9177796 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2022.106928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluates the 131I transfer from ground deposition to the human thyroid gland after the Chernobyl accident using measurements of 131I concentrations in 1,252 soil, 124 grass, and 136 cow's milk samples as well as 131I thyroid activity measured in 3,100 individuals included in the Belarusian-American cohort. The following parameters of an 131I environmental transfer model used to calculate thyroid doses were evaluated in this study: (i) the interception factor of 131I by pasture grass, which was described by a purely empirical equation, (ii) the removal rate of 131I from pasture grass due to weathering and growth dilution, estimated to be 0.0676 d-1 (half-life of 10.3 d), (iii) the removal rate of 131I from cow's milk, estimated to be 0.0686 d-1 (half-life of 10.1 d), and (iv) the transfer coefficient of 131I from feed to cow's milk, arithmetic mean ± standard deviation of (6.7 ± 8.7) × 10-3 d L-1 (median = 4.0 × 10-3 d L-1). The individual model-based and measurement-based 131I thyroid activities for the Belarusian-American cohort members were calculated using different starting points of 131I transfer in the chain 'ground deposition' → 'vegetation' → 'cow's milk' → 'human thyroid', i.e., the measured 131I concentrations in soil, grass, and cow's milk. De novo thyroid doses from 131I for the 3,100 cohort members were calculated in this study using measured 131I activity concentrations in soil, grass, and cow's milk and were compared with those estimated previously for the same individuals using model-based 131I activity concentrations. It was shown that the use of measured instead of model-based 131I concentrations, in general, did not improve the measurement-based thyroid dose estimates. This is likely to be because there was already a good generic data base for the parameters used in this assessment. This finding indicates that, although the measurements of environmental samples are essential to estimate the parameter values of the 131I transfer model, the individual measurements of 131I thyroid activity are the most valuable information for estimating individual thyroid doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Minenko
- Institute for Nuclear Problems, Belarusian State University, 11 Bobruiskaya Street, Minsk, 220006, Belarus
| | - Tatiana Kukhta
- United Institute of Informatics Problems of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 6 Surganova Street, Minsk, 220012, Belarus
| | - Sergey Trofimik
- Institute for Nuclear Problems, Belarusian State University, 11 Bobruiskaya Street, Minsk, 220006, Belarus
| | - Olga Zhukova
- Republican Scientific and Practical Center of Hygiene, 8 Academic Street, Minsk, 220072, Belarus
| | - Marina Podgaiskaya
- Republican Center of Radiation Control and Environmental Monitoring, 110A Nezalezhnosti Avenue, Minsk, 220023, Belarus
| | - Kiryl Viarenich
- Institute for Nuclear Problems, Belarusian State University, 11 Bobruiskaya Street, Minsk, 220006, Belarus
| | | | - Vladimir Drozdovitch
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, 9609 Medical Center Drive, MSC 9778, Bethesda, MD 20892, 9778, USA.
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Sayyed ME, El-Motaleb MA, Ibrahim IT, Rashed HM, El-Nabarawi MA, Ahmed MA. Preparation, characterization, and in vivo biodistribution study of intranasal 131I-clonazepam-loaded phospholipid magnesome as a promising brain delivery system: Biodistribution and pharmacokinetic behavior of intranasal 131I-Clonazepam loaded phospholipid magnesome as a potential brain targeting system. Eur J Pharm Sci 2021; 169:106089. [PMID: 34863872 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2021.106089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Clonazepam (CP) is a potent long-acting nitrobenzodiazepine derivative that could be used for targeting peripheral benzodiazepine receptors. Phospholipid magnesome is a new vesicular nanosystem recently developed for brain targeting. Improving the uptake of 131I-CP to the brain might be effective for the diagnosis and/or radiotherapy of certain brain diseases and/or tumors. METHODS CP was radiolabeled with 131I using direct electrophilic substitution reaction. Quality control of 131I-CP was performed using different techniques. Different formulas of 131I-CP were prepared and characterized according to particle size and polydispersity index. The structural features of the optimized formula were then interpreted using transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, whereas pharmacokinetic and in vivo behaviors were estimated using the intravenous and intranasal delivery routes. RESULTS The heart and blood demonstrated lower uptake of 131I-CP, which inevitably decreased the nontarget effects of radioiodine. Intranasally administered 131I-CP-loaded magnesomes (INMg) had noticeably higher brain uptake (7.1 ± 0.09%ID/g) with rapid onset of action within 5 min and effective pharmacokinetic behavior. INMg had a drug targeting efficiency and nose-to-brain direct transport percentage of 121.1% and 94.6%, respectively as well as a relative bioavailability of 441.04 ± 75.5%. CONCLUSION The present study showed that 131I-CP-loaded magnesomes can be a beneficial brain-targeting approach for improving the diagnosis and/or radiotherapy of certain brain diseases.
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de With G, Bezhenar R, Maderich V, Yevdin Y, Iosjpe M, Jung KT, Qiao F, Perianez R. Development of a dynamic food chain model for assessment of the radiological impact from radioactive releases to the aquatic environment. J Environ Radioact 2021; 233:106615. [PMID: 33894499 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2021.106615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The software tool POSEIDON-R was developed for modelling the concentration of radionuclides in water and sediments as well as uptake and fate in the aquatic environment and marine organisms. The software has been actively advanced in the aftermath of the Fukushima Dai-ichi accident. This includes development of an uptake model for the benthic food chain, a kinetic-allometric compartment model for fish and recent advancements for the application of 3H. This work will focus on the food chain model development and its extension to key artificial radionuclides in radioecology such as 3H. Subsequently, the model will be applied to assess the radiological dose for marine biota from 3H, 90Sr, 131I, 134Cs and 137Cs released during and after the Fukushima Dai-ichi accident. The simulation results for 3H, 90Sr, 131I, 134Cs and 137Cs obtained from the coastal box (4-4 km) located at the discharge area of the Fukushima Dai-ichi NPP, and the surrounding regional box (15-30 km) are compared with measurements. The predictions are by and large consistent with experimental findings, although good validation for 3H, 90Sr and 131I is challenging due to lack of data. On the basis of the model predictions a dose assessment for pelagic and benthic fish is carried out. Maximum absorbed dose rates in the coastal box and the regional box are respectively 6000 and 50 μGy d-1 and are found in the pelagic non-piscivorous fish. Dose rates exceeding ICRP's derived consideration levels of 1 mGy d-1 are only found in the direct vicinity of the release and shortly after the accident. During the post-accidental phase absorbed dose rates consistently fall to levels where no deleterious effects to the marine biota are expected. The results also demonstrate the prolonged dose rate from 134Cs and 137Cs, particularly for benthic organisms, due to caesium's affinity with sediment, re-entry of caesium from the sediment into the food chain and external exposure from its high energetic gamma emissions. Uptake of non-organic tritium (HTO) and organically bound tritium (OBT) is modelled and shows some accumulation of OBT in the marine organism. However, dose rates from tritium, even during the accident, are low.
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Affiliation(s)
- G de With
- Nuclear Research and Consultancy Group (NRG), Utrechtseweg 310, NL-6800 ES, Arnhem, the Netherlands.
| | - R Bezhenar
- Institute of Mathematical Machine and System Problems, Glushkov av 42, Kyiv, 03187, Ukraine
| | - V Maderich
- Institute of Mathematical Machine and System Problems, Glushkov av 42, Kyiv, 03187, Ukraine
| | - Y Yevdin
- Federal Office for Radiation Protection (BfS), Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1 85764, Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - M Iosjpe
- Norwegian Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority (DSA), Grini næringspark 13, NO-1332, Østerås, Norway
| | - K T Jung
- Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, 787 Haean-ro, Ansan, 426-744, Republic of Korea
| | - F Qiao
- First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, 266061, China
| | - R Perianez
- Dpt. Física Aplicada I, ETSIA, Universidad de Sevilla, Ctra Utrera km 1, 41013, Sevilla, Spain
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Mishra A, Singh T. Estimation and verification of 131I yield from fission and irradiation of tellurium. Appl Radiat Isot 2020; 168:109535. [PMID: 33290996 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2020.109535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
131I is an important radioisotope due to its wide applications especially in the field of medicine. It can be produced either from fission or by irradiating 130Te by neutrons. This study focuses on estimating analytically the yield of 131I produced from both the routes. We have tested our model by comparing its results with those from other studies and found it satisfactory. We have also used our model to estimate 131I activity produced in Dhruva at different tray rod locations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Mishra
- Reactor Physics and Nuclear Engineering Section, Research Reactor Services Division, Reactor Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400085, India
| | - Tej Singh
- Reactor Physics and Nuclear Engineering Section, Research Reactor Services Division, Reactor Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400085, India.
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Mosos F, Velásquez AM, Mora ET, Tello CD. Determination of 131I activity concentration and rate in main inflows and outflows of Salitre wastewater treatment plant (WWTP), Bogota. J Environ Radioact 2020; 225:106425. [PMID: 32971480 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2020.106425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Samples were collected for several weeks to determine the evolution of the 131I (Iodine-131) activity concentration in the inflow water processed at the Salitre wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in Bogota, Colombia, derived from medical facilities for thyroid cancer diagnosis and treatment. Mass balances on 131I were performed based on the activity rates at the main inflow and outflow of the plant. The 131I activity concentration in the raw water stream was observed to increase significantly from Monday onwards throughout the week, while the daily activity concentration was highest in the morning and then continuously decreased over the rest of the day. The 131I activity concentration in the raw water exceeds the reference value for drinking water and is very close to the discharge limit in water bodies in Colombia. A mass balance calculation showed that the activity rate for the inflow and outflow waters of the WWTP is about 15% of the authorized activity to use for facilities discharging water into the basins and the use of bio-sludge stream for organic fertilizer production does not represent a significant risk of external irradiation for the population. The results of this work are the first of its kind in Colombia, which ones contribute significantly to determinate the radiological risk to public health due to utilization of treated water and sludge, know the 131I behavior in the city sewage systems, and give information for the performance review of regulatory control on 131I management in the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Mosos
- Dirección de Asuntos Nucleares, Servicio Geológico Colombiano, Carrera 50 No. 26-20, 111321, Bogotá, Colombia.
| | - Ana Milena Velásquez
- Dirección de Asuntos Nucleares, Servicio Geológico Colombiano, Carrera 50 No. 26-20, 111321, Bogotá, Colombia.
| | - Evelin Tatiana Mora
- Dirección de Asuntos Nucleares, Servicio Geológico Colombiano, Carrera 50 No. 26-20, 111321, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Carlos Daniel Tello
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Fundación Universidad de América, Avenida Carrera 1 No.20-53, 111711, Bogotá, Colombia
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Peng X, Zhang J, Ha WH, Kurihara O, Yang B, Tuo F. Experience and performance of In Vivo Monitoring Laboratory of NIRP in 2017 thyroid measurement intercomparison. Appl Radiat Isot 2020; 168:109492. [PMID: 33129665 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2020.109492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Determination of the 131I activity in the thyroid of exposed people or workers is one of the major concerns that needs to be addressed following a nuclear or radiological emergency. International intercomparison exercises on bioassay measurements are one of the effective methods to improve the capability and quality of internal dose assessment. In 2017, Working Group 1 (Internal Dosimetry) of the Asian Radiation Dosimetry Group (ARADOS) organized an intercomparison exercise on the thyroid measurement, aiming at enhancing and coordinating the radiation dosimetry capabilities of Asian countries. This paper describes the measurement experience and results of In Vivo Monitoring Laboratory of NIRP in the 2017 intercomparison exercise, which can provide technical reference for laboratories that have not yet participated in such thyroid measurement intercomparsion. It covers technical aspects such as calibration, measurement and data processing. The results presented in this intercomparison are within an acceptable range of performance criteria on the bioassay measurements. In addition, further research work considered in the field of thyroid measurement is described in the discussion section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Peng
- Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency, China CDC, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100088, China
| | - Jianfeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency, China CDC, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100088, China
| | - Wi-Ho Ha
- Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Osamu Kurihara
- National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Baolu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency, China CDC, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100088, China
| | - Fei Tuo
- Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency, China CDC, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100088, China.
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Onda Y, Sweeck L, Shinano T, Dercon G, Yi ALZ, Kato H. Soil and vegetation sampling during the early stage of Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident and the implication for the emergency preparedness for agricultural systems. J Environ Radioact 2020; 223-224:106373. [PMID: 32873399 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2020.106373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
After the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) accident, immediate soil and vegetation sampling were conducted according to the action plan of nuclear emergency monitoring; however, analysing the monitoring dataset was difficult because the sampling protocols were not standardised. In this study, the sampling protocols applied just after the FDNPP accident were reviewed, and the monitoring data were analysed. The detailed protocols and results can provide a sound basis for guidelines of soil and vegetation sampling for nuclear emergency monitoring. The activity concentrations of 137Cs and 131I in weed samples measured immediately after the FDNPP accident were related to the air dose rate at 1 m. Consequently, vegetation sampling is recommended when the additional dose rate (above background) is higher than 0.1 μSv/h. To enhance the efficiency of a protective response in the case of a nuclear accident, predetermined sampling points for soil and vegetation sampling should be considered in the preparedness plan for nuclear emergencies. Furthermore, sampling and analytical measurement capacities (time, people, cost) during the early phase after nuclear emergencies need to be considered in the preparedness and action plan, and sampling and measurement exercises are highly recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Onda
- Center for Research in Isotopes and Environmental Dynamics, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, 305-8572, Japan.
| | - Lieve Sweeck
- Biosphere Impact Studies, Environment, Health and Safety Institute, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, Boeretang 200, 2400, Mol, Belgium
| | - Takuro Shinano
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, N9 W9, Kitaku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8589, Japan
| | - Gerd Dercon
- Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, International Atomic Energy Agency, IAEA, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, Wagramerstrasse 5, A-1400, Vienna, Austria
| | - A Lee Zhi Yi
- Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, International Atomic Energy Agency, IAEA, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, Wagramerstrasse 5, A-1400, Vienna, Austria
| | - H Kato
- Center for Research in Isotopes and Environmental Dynamics, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, 305-8572, Japan
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Minenko V, Viarenich K, Zhukova O, Kukhta T, Podgaiskaya M, Khrutchinsky A, Kutsen S, Bouville A, Drozdovitch V. Activity concentrations of 131I and other radionuclides in cow's milk in Belarus during the first month following the Chernobyl accident. J Environ Radioact 2020; 220-221:106264. [PMID: 32658640 PMCID: PMC9443672 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2020.106264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant (NPP) in Ukraine on April 26, 1986 led to a considerable release of radioactive material resulting in environmental contamination over vast areas of Belarus, Ukraine and western Russian Federation. The major health effect of the Chernobyl accident was an increase in thyroid cancer incidence in people exposed as children and adolescents, so much attention was paid to the thyroid doses resulting from intakes of 131I. Because cow's milk consumption was the main source of 131I intake by people, it was important to measure the 131I activity concentrations in cow's milk to calculate, or to validate, the thyroid doses to the exposed population. Almost 11,000 measurements of total beta-activity in cow's milk were performed using a DP-100 device during the first month after the Chernobyl accident in the most contaminated regions of Belarus. Using an ecological model and calibration coefficients for the DP-100 device the activity concentration of 131I in cow's milk was derived as well as the activity concentrations of the other radiologically important radionuclides, namely 134Cs, 137Cs, 89Sr and 90Sr. The activity concentrations of other radionuclides, such as 90Y, 132Te, 132I, 133I, 136Cs, 140Ba, 140La, 141Ce and 144Ce, in cow's milk were also estimated and were shown to be of minor importance. The concentrations of 95Zr, 95Nb, 103Ru and 106Ru in cow's milk were negligible. The data obtained in this study were validated by comparing derived 131I and 137Cs concentrations in cow's milk with gamma-spectrometry measurements performed in milk produced in the same location close to the same date. The results of this study were essential to assess and validate the radiation doses received by the subjects of epidemiological studies related to the health consequences of the Chernobyl accident.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Minenko
- Institute for Nuclear Problems, Belarusian State University, 11 Bobruiskaya Street, Minsk, 220006, Belarus
| | - Kiryl Viarenich
- Institute for Nuclear Problems, Belarusian State University, 11 Bobruiskaya Street, Minsk, 220006, Belarus
| | - Olga Zhukova
- Republican Center of Radiation Control and Environmental Monitoring, 110A Nezalezhnasti Avenue, Minsk, 220023, Belarus
| | - Tatiana Kukhta
- United Institute of Informatics Problems of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 6 Surganova Street, Minsk, 220012, Belarus
| | - Marina Podgaiskaya
- Republican Center of Radiation Control and Environmental Monitoring, 110A Nezalezhnasti Avenue, Minsk, 220023, Belarus
| | - Arkady Khrutchinsky
- Institute for Nuclear Problems, Belarusian State University, 11 Bobruiskaya Street, Minsk, 220006, Belarus
| | - Semion Kutsen
- Institute for Nuclear Problems, Belarusian State University, 11 Bobruiskaya Street, Minsk, 220006, Belarus
| | | | - Vladimir Drozdovitch
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, 9609 Medical Center Drive, MSC 9778, Bethesda, MD, 20892-9778, USA.
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11
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Wang XY, Yu J, Zhang Y, Zhang FY, Liu KJ, Xiang B. Phenylephrine alleviates 131I damage in submandibular gland through promoting endogenous stem cell regeneration via lissencephaly-1 upregulation. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2020; 396:114999. [PMID: 32278511 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2020.114999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine malignancy. 131I ablation therapy is an effective treatment for patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) but frequently causes radiation damage in salivary glands (SGs). Stem cell-based regenerative therapy has been found to reduce radiation sialadenitis. We hypothesize that microtubule motor-regulating protein lissencephaly-1 (LIS1) may be a key stem cell regulator responsible for its efficacy and that upregulating LIS1 would decrease131I-induced radiation sialadenitis. Here, we report that LIS1 was reduced by 131I in submandibular glands (SMGs) of rats, using both proteomic analysis and Western blot approach. Moreover, the levels of LIS1-Sca-1 and LIS1-SOX2 were downregulated by 131I together with the decrease of LIS1. In contrast, phenylephrine pretreatment enhanced LIS1 and improved the co-expressions and co-localizations of LIS1-Sca-1 and LIS1-SOX2 in 131I-irradiated SMGs. Since Sca-1 and SOX2 are the established stem cell biomarkers in salivary gland, our findings demonstrate that LIS1 may be a potential target for regulating stem cell maintenance in irradiated SGs. Importantly, phenylephrine may have the ability to promote endogenous stem cell regeneration in SMGs via upregulating the LIS1/Sca-1 and LIS1/SOX2 signaling pathways, suggesting that phenylephrine application before 131I ablation therapy may provide a practical and effective way to prevent radiation sialadenitis for DTC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yue Wang
- Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Disease, Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Jing Yu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fu Yin Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Ke Jian Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, USA
| | - Bin Xiang
- Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Disease, Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China.
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Ambade R, Chakravarty R, Bahadur J, Ganjave B, Sen D, Chakraborty S, Dash A. Mechanochemically synthesized mesoporous alumina: An advanced sorbent for post-processing concentration of 131I for cancer therapy. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1612:460614. [PMID: 31668869 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.460614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
High radioactive concentration of 131I in the form of 131I[NaI] solution is essential for preparation of large-dose therapeutic capsules used in the management of thyroid cancer. In this communication, we report the synthesis of mesoporous alumina sorbent (surface area = 292 ± 28 m2/g, mean pore diameter = 6.8 ± 0.7 nm) by a novel solid state mechanochemical approach and its utilization in post-processing concentration of 131I. The overall yield of 131I after the concentration procedure was >90% and 131I[NaI] solution could be obtained with appreciably high (1.7 TBq/mL) radioactive concentration, suitable for use in nuclear medicine. The promising results obtained in this study would stimulate greater utilization of this new class of sorbents in sample preparations by solid phase extraction procedures for societal benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajwardhan Ambade
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400 085, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400 094, India
| | - Rubel Chakravarty
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400 085, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400 094, India.
| | - Jitendra Bahadur
- Solid State Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400 085, India
| | - Bharat Ganjave
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400 085, India
| | - Debasis Sen
- Solid State Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400 085, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400 094, India
| | - Sudipta Chakraborty
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400 085, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400 094, India
| | - Ashutosh Dash
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400 085, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400 094, India
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Esparza D, Valiente M, Borràs A, Villar M, Leal LO, Vega F, Cerdà V, Ferrer L. Fast-response flow-based method for evaluating 131I from biological and hospital waste samples exploiting liquid scintillation detection. Talanta 2020; 206:120224. [PMID: 31514858 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.120224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents a fast and automatic flow-based method to extract 131I from biological samples and hospital waste, previous to liquid scintillation detection. 131I is a radionuclide extensively used in Nuclear Medicine due to their beta and gamma disintegrations, whereby hospitals have to manage the associated waste generation. The automatic developed system is based on Lab-On-Valve (LOV) flow-technique exploiting Cl-resin (135 mg per extraction). This methodology allows performing sample extractions and measurements on the same day, since the extraction frequency takes 1.4-4 h-1, depending on the analysed sample volume, plus up to 2 h of measurement for each vial. 131I is retained as iodine ion and eluted with sodium sulphide 0.2 mol L-1. The maximum sample volume that can be preconcentrated is 20 mL, reaching an extraction efficiency of 85 ± 5%. The minimum detectable activity (MDA) is 0.05 Bq, showing a precision of 7% RSD (n = 5). Both, biological samples (urine and saliva) and hospital waste samples can be satisfactorily analysed by the proposed system, obtaining recoveries between 90 and 110%. The developed method is then suitable to implement in hospitals, improving the surveillance of the 131I environmental release.
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Ebihara M, Oura Y, Shirai N, Nagakawa Y, Sakurai N, Haba H, Matsuzaki H, Tsuruta H, Moriguchi Y. A new approach for reconstructing the 131I-spreading due to the 2011 Fukushima nuclear accident by means of measuring 129I in airborne particulate matter. J Environ Radioact 2019; 208-209:106000. [PMID: 31279226 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2019.106000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
To retrieve the diffusion trajectory of the 131I dispersed in the environment by the nuclear power plant accident in Fukushima in 2011, airborne particulate matter (APM) samples collected in the Tokyo metropolitan area were analyzed for their 129I contents by means of accelerator mass spectrometry. In evaluating blank levels of chemicals and filters used for collecting APM, we established the analytical procedure for determining the 129I activity of as low as 10-8 Bq for a small piece of filter samples (about 0.1 cm2). Coupled with 131I data determined just after the accident, activity ratios of 129I/131I were obtained with a mean value of 2.29 × 10-8 (±28% of a standard deviation). This value is systematically smaller than a mean value of soil samples by 16-24% and the inventory data by 27%, suggesting that 129I was partly lost from APM. As 129I can be a proxy of 131I for APM, it is possible to trace how 131I in the particulate phase spread in eastern Japan and, furthermore, evaluate the internal radiation exposure due to 131I by inhalation of 131I-containing airborne particulates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuru Ebihara
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan; Department of Earth Sciences, Waseda University, 1-6-1 Nishi-waseda, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 169-8050, Japan.
| | - Yasuji Oura
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan
| | - Naoki Shirai
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan
| | - Yoshiyasu Nagakawa
- Biotechnology Group, Tokyo Metropolitan Industrial Technology Research Institute, 2-4-10 Aomi, Koto-ku, Tokyo, 135-0064, Japan
| | - Nomoru Sakurai
- Biotechnology Group, Tokyo Metropolitan Industrial Technology Research Institute, 2-4-10 Aomi, Koto-ku, Tokyo, 135-0064, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Haba
- Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Matsuzaki
- Department of Nuclear Engineering and Management, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 2-11-16 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0032, Japan
| | - Haruo Tsuruta
- Remote Sensing Technology Center of Japan, 3-17-1 Toranomon, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-0001, Japan
| | - Yuichi Moriguchi
- Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
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Miszczyk J, Rawojć K, Panek A, Gałaś A, Kowalska A, Szczodry A, Brudecki K. Assessment of the nuclear medicine personnel occupational exposure to radioiodine. Eur J Radiol 2019; 121:108712. [PMID: 31683253 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2019.108712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To physically and cytogenetically screen medical personnel of Department of Endocrinology and Nuclear Medicine, Holy Cross Cancer Center, Kielce, Poland (DENM) who are occupationally exposed to 131I. MATERIALS AND METHODS The exposure was monitored by whole-body and finger ring dosimeters. The thyroid iodine intake was measured by a whole-body spectrometer equipped with two semiconductor gamma radiation detectors. A cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay and the premature chromosome condensation technique were used to assess the aberration score. Cytogenetic analyses were carried out on a group of 29 workers and were compared to 32 controls (healthy donors), matched for gender and age. RESULTS On average, the exposed group showed a significantly higher frequency of genetic damage and a higher proliferation index compared to the control group. Smoking status, age and duration of exposure influenced the observed effects in both groups. No differences in measured biomarkers were observed after stratification of the exposed group into two subgroups based on the measured 131I activity below and above 6 Bq. CONCLUSION The findings suggest that radiation protection principles based on whole-body and finger ring dosimetry, supported by activity measurements with a whole-body spectrometer, may be insufficient to monitor the absorbed dose estimation of the nuclear medicine staff who are occupationally exposed to 131I. Furthermore, their future health risks are influenced by confounders. Direct assessments comparing physical and biological dose estimations on the larger group are needed to accurately monitor occupational radiation exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Miszczyk
- Department of Experimental Physics of Complex Systems, Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Kamila Rawojć
- Department of Endocrinology, Nuclear Medicine Unit, The University Hospital, Kraków, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Panek
- Department of Experimental Physics of Complex Systems, Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - Aleksander Gałaś
- Chair of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Epidemiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Aldona Kowalska
- Department of Endocrinology and Nuclear Medicine, Holy Cross Cancer Center, Kielce, Poland; The Faculty of Health Sciences, The Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland
| | - Artur Szczodry
- Department of Endocrinology and Nuclear Medicine, Holy Cross Cancer Center, Kielce, Poland
| | - Kamil Brudecki
- Department of Nuclear Physical Chemistry, Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
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16
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Estorch M, Mitjavila M, Muros MA, Caballero E. Radioiodine treatment of differentiated thyroid cancer related to guidelines and scientific literature. Rev Esp Med Nucl Imagen Mol 2019; 38:195-203. [PMID: 30745131 DOI: 10.1016/j.remn.2018.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
In differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC), radioiodine is administered to eliminate residual normal thyroid tissue after thyroidectomy (ablative treatment), to treat residual microscopic disease (adjuvant treatment), and to treat macroscopic or metastatic disease. Currently, treatment of DTC with 131I is still a matter of controversy due to the absence of prospective clinical trials assessing its benefit in terms of overall survival and recurrence-free interval. The current recommendations of the experts are based on observational retrospective data and on their interpretation of the literature. Pending the results of the prospective trials that are currently underway, the use of 131I seems to be justified not only in high-risk patients, but also in intermediate-risk and low-risk patients. The guidelines of The American and British Thyroid Association, European and American Societies of Nuclear Medicine, The European Consensus Group and the latest edition of National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) were considered in drawing up this continuing education document, we also undertook a review of the related scientific literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Estorch
- Servicio de Medicina Nuclear, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, España.
| | - M Mitjavila
- Servicio de Medicina Nuclear, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Majadahonda, Madrid, España
| | - M A Muros
- Servicio de Medicina Nuclear, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, España
| | - E Caballero
- Servicio de Medicina Nuclear, Hospital Doctor Peset, Valencia, España
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17
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Long PK, Hien PD, Quang NH. Atmospheric transport of 131I and 137Cs from Fukushima by the East Asian northeast monsoon. J Environ Radioact 2019; 197:74-80. [PMID: 30544021 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2018.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2018] [Revised: 12/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The Lagrangian particle dispersion model FLEXPART was used to simulate atmospheric dispersion of radionuclides from the Fukushima nuclear power plant (FNPP) towards the Tropical Western Pacific (TWP) and Southeast Asia (SEA). The simulation model distinguished between hemispherical transport via the jet stream and regional transport within the marine boundary layer by the East Asian northeast monsoon. This regional transport was driven by anticyclonic circulation over southern Japan and the western Pacific resulting from a recurrent eastward extension of the Siberian High to the Pacific Ocean. Activity concentrations of 131I and 137Cs measured at ten monitoring stations in TWP and SEA were used to validate the particle dispersion model. Good agreement between the FLEXPART model and observations yields confidence regarding its application to assess radiation impacts and support emergency planning in response to a possible future nuclear accident in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- P K Long
- Nuclear Training Center, 140 Nguyen Tuan, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - P D Hien
- Vietnam Atomic Energy Institute, 59 Ly Thuong Kiet, Hanoi, Viet Nam.
| | - N H Quang
- Vietnam Atomic Energy Institute, 59 Ly Thuong Kiet, Hanoi, Viet Nam
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18
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Kiani Nasab M, Rafat Motavalli L, Miri Hakimabad H. Internal dosimetry of inhaled iodine-131. J Environ Radioact 2018; 181:62-69. [PMID: 29101822 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2017.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, the dose assessment for the iodine inhalation exposure in 19 aerosol sizes and three gas/vapor forms at three levels of thyroid uptake, was performed. Two different modes of work (light vs. heavy) and breathing (nose vs. mouth) for aerosol inhalation were investigated. In order to calculate the cumulated activities per unit of inhaled activity, a combined model which included the latest models of both human respiratory and alimentary tract was developed. The S values for 131I were computed based on the ICRP adult male and female reference voxel phantoms by the Monte Carlo method. Then, the committed equivalent and committed effective dose coefficients were obtained (The data are available at http://www.um.ac.ir/∼mirihakim). In general, for the nonzero thyroid uptakes, the maximum cumulated activity was found in the thyroid. When the thyroid is blocked, however, the maximum depends on the work and breathing mode and radioisotope form. Overall, the maximum CED coefficient was evaluated for the inhalation of elemental iodine at thyroid uptake of ∼27% (2.8 × 10-8 Sv/Bq). As for the particle inhalation per se, mouth breathing of 0.6 nm and 0.2 μm AMTD particles showed to have the maximum (2.8 × 10-8 Sv/Bq) and minimum (6.4 × 10-9 Sv/Bq) CED coefficients, respectively. Compared to the reference CED coefficients, the authors found an increase of about 58% for inhalation of the aerosols with AMAD of 1 μm and 70% for 5 μm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitra Kiani Nasab
- Physics Department, Factually of Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Vakilabad Boulevard, Mashhad, 91775-1436, Iran.
| | - Laleh Rafat Motavalli
- Physics Department, Factually of Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Vakilabad Boulevard, Mashhad, 91775-1436, Iran.
| | - Hashem Miri Hakimabad
- Physics Department, Factually of Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Vakilabad Boulevard, Mashhad, 91775-1436, Iran.
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Napier BA, Eslinger PW, Tolstykh EI, Vorobiova MI, Tokareva EE, Akhramenko BN, Krivoschapov VA, Degteva MO. Calculations of individual doses for Techa River Cohort members exposed to atmospheric radioiodine from Mayak releases. J Environ Radioact 2017; 178-179:156-167. [PMID: 28843165 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2017.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Time-dependent thyroid doses were reconstructed for over 29,000 Techa River Cohort members living near the Mayak production facilities from 131I released to the atmosphere for all relevant exposure pathways. The calculational approach uses four general steps: 1) construct estimates of releases of 131I to the air from production facilities; 2) model the transport of 131I in the air and subsequent deposition on the ground and vegetation; 3) model the accumulation of 131I in environmental media; and 4) calculate individualized doses. The dose calculations are implemented in a Monte Carlo framework that produces best estimates and confidence intervals of dose time-histories. Other radionuclide contributors to thyroid dose were evaluated. The 131I contribution was 75-99% of the thyroid dose. The mean total thyroid dose for cohort members was 193 mGy and the median was 53 mGy. Thyroid doses for about 3% of cohort members were larger than 1 Gy. About 7% of children born in 1940-1950 had doses larger than 1 Gy. The uncertainty in the 131I dose estimates is low enough for this approach to be used in regional epidemiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce A Napier
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland, WA, 99354, USA.
| | - Paul W Eslinger
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland, WA, 99354, USA.
| | - Evgenia I Tolstykh
- Urals Research Center for Radiation Medicine, Biophysics Laboratory, 68-a, Vorovsky Street, Chelyabinsk 454076, Russia.
| | - Marina I Vorobiova
- Urals Research Center for Radiation Medicine, Biophysics Laboratory, 68-a, Vorovsky Street, Chelyabinsk 454076, Russia.
| | - Elena E Tokareva
- Urals Research Center for Radiation Medicine, Biophysics Laboratory, 68-a, Vorovsky Street, Chelyabinsk 454076, Russia.
| | - Boris N Akhramenko
- Urals Research Center for Radiation Medicine, Biophysics Laboratory, 68-a, Vorovsky Street, Chelyabinsk 454076, Russia.
| | - Victor A Krivoschapov
- Urals Research Center for Radiation Medicine, Biophysics Laboratory, 68-a, Vorovsky Street, Chelyabinsk 454076, Russia.
| | - Marina O Degteva
- Urals Research Center for Radiation Medicine, Biophysics Laboratory, 68-a, Vorovsky Street, Chelyabinsk 454076, Russia.
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20
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Hormann V, Fischer HW. The physicochemical distribution of 131I in a municipal wastewater treatment plant. J Environ Radioact 2017; 178-179:55-62. [PMID: 28779650 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2017.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
As a consequence of therapeutic and diagnostic treatment of patients with thyroid diseases, 131I is introduced into the sewage system on a regular basis. This presents an opportunity to use the 131I as a tracer to study its partitioning and transport within a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). In the case of nuclear accidents where 131I is one of the most prominent nuclides, an understanding of iodine partitioning and transport will be valuable for developing models that may prognosticate the activity concentrations in sludge and outflow, especially after an accidental input. In this study, samples from various locations inside a municipal WWTP were taken and for each sample, three different fractions were separated by a chemical extraction process. These fractions were analysed for their 131I activity concentrations by gamma-ray spectroscopy. While about 30% of the radioiodine activity in the inflow is associated with organic molecules, this amounts to about 90% after biological treatment. This is caused by the accumulation of 131I bound to organic matter in the return sludge and by a transfer of 131I from the inorganic to the organic fractions, most likely mediated by microbial action. In the outflow, inorganic and low-molecular 131I is dominant, but the overall activity concentration is reduced to about 50-75%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volker Hormann
- University of Bremen, Institute of Environmental Physics, Otto-Hahn-Allee 1, D-28359 Bremen, Germany.
| | - Helmut W Fischer
- University of Bremen, Institute of Environmental Physics, Otto-Hahn-Allee 1, D-28359 Bremen, Germany.
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21
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de Oliveira AE, Iwahara A, da Cruz PAL, da Silva CJ, de Araújo EB, Mengatti J, da Silva RL, Trindade OL. Rapid and accurate assessment of the activity measurements in Brazilian hospitals and clinics. Appl Radiat Isot 2018; 134:64-7. [PMID: 28942991 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2017.07.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Traceability in Nuclear Medicine Service (NMS) measurements was checked by the Institute of Radioprotection and Dosimetry (IRD) through the Institute of Energy and Nuclear Research (IPEN). In 2016, IRD ran an intercomparison program and invited Brazilian NMS authorized to administer 131I to patients. Sources of 131I were distributed to 33 NMSs. Three other sources from the same solution were sent to IRD, after measurement at IPEN. These sources were calibrated in the IRD reference system. A correction factor of 1.013 was obtained. Ninety percent of the NMS comparisons results are within ±10% of the National Laboratory of Metrology of Ionizing Radiation (LNMRI) value, the Brazilian legal requirement.
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22
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Espinosa-Muñoz E, Ramírez-Ocaña D, Martín-García AM, Ruiz-García FJ, Puentes-Zarzuela C. Graves' disease in a 3 year-old patient with agranulocytosis due to anti-thyroid drugs: Radioiodine ablation therapy as an effective alternative. Rev Esp Med Nucl Imagen Mol 2017; 36:260-262. [PMID: 28392335 DOI: 10.1016/j.remn.2016.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Revised: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The case is presented of a 3 year-old girl with mitochondrial disease (subacute necrotizing encephalomyelopathy of Leigh syndrome), v-stage chronic kidney disease of a diffuse mesangial sclerosis, as well as developmental disorders, and diagnosed with hyperthyroidism Graves-Basedow disease. Six weeks after starting the treatment with neo-carbimazole, the patient reported a serious case of agranulocytosis. This led to stopping the anti-thyroid drugs, and was treated successfully with 131I ablation therapy. The relevance of the article is that Graves' disease is uncommon in the paediatric age range (especially in children younger than 6 years old), and developing complications due to a possible late diagnosis. Agranulocytosis as a potentially serious adverse effect following the use of anti-thyroid drugs, and the few reported cases of ablation therapy with 131I at this age, makes this case unique.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Espinosa-Muñoz
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Medicina Nuclear, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Málaga, España.
| | - D Ramírez-Ocaña
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Medicina Nuclear, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Málaga, España
| | - A M Martín-García
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Medicina Nuclear, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Málaga, España
| | - F J Ruiz-García
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Medicina Nuclear, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Málaga, España
| | - C Puentes-Zarzuela
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Medicina Nuclear, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Málaga, España
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23
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Koivurova M, Leppänen AP. Derivation and validation of a novel Semi Empirical Deposition Estimation Model (SEDEM). J Environ Radioact 2016; 165:206-218. [PMID: 27770699 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2016.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Predictive models are necessary in order to minimize potential damages in the event of a nuclear or radiological release. For this reason, a novel model for the calculation of both wet and dry deposition from airborne radioactivity is proposed. Full derivation of the model and the estimation of uncertainty are presented, and the validity of the model is evaluated by calculating deposition based on several measured airborne activities in different countries. The results are compared with the corresponding measured deposition activities and the predictive power of the model is found to be good, i.e. calculated depositions being within the limits of measurement uncertainty. Additionally, limitations of the model and possible sources of error in the calculations are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matias Koivurova
- University of Eastern Finland, Department of Physics and Mathematics, P.O. Box 111, FI-80101, Joensuu, Finland.
| | - Ari-Pekka Leppänen
- Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority - STUK, Environmental Surveillance and Measurement, Lähteentie 2, FIN-96400, Rovaniemi, Finland
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Hirose K. Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Plant accident: Atmospheric and oceanic impacts over the five years. J Environ Radioact 2016; 157:113-130. [PMID: 27032342 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2016.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Plant (FDNPP) accident resulted in huge environmental and socioeconomic impacts to Japan. To document the actual environmental and socioeconomic effects of the FDNPP accident, we describe here atmospheric and marine contamination due to radionuclides released from the FDNPP accident using papers published during past five years, in which temporal and spatial variations of FDNPP-derived radionuclides in air, deposition and seawater and their mapping are recorded by local, regional and global monitoring activities. High radioactivity-contaminated area in land were formed by the dispersion of the radioactive cloud and precipitation, depending on land topography and local meteorological conditions, whereas extremely high concentrations of (131)I and radiocesium in seawater occurred due to direct release of radioactivity-contaminated stagnant water in addition to atmospheric deposition. For both of atmosphere and ocean, numerical model simulations, including local, regional and global-scale modeling, were extensively employed to evaluate source terms of the FDNPP-derived radionuclides from the monitoring data. These models also provided predictions of the dispersion and high deposition areas of the FDNPP-derived radionuclides. However, there are significant differences between the observed and simulated values. Then, the monitoring data would give a good opportunity to improve numerical modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsumi Hirose
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Sophia University, Tokyo, Japan.
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Avşar G, Sari FA, Yuzer AC, Soylu HM, Er O, Ince M, Lambrecht FY. Intracellular uptake and fluorescence imaging potential in tumor cell of zinc phthalocyanine. Int J Pharm 2016; 505:369-75. [PMID: 27085647 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A near IR absorbing phthalocyanine bearing four binaphtyl group has been synthesized in order to investigate its cytotoxicity and intracellular uptake of sensitizer on MCF-7 (human breast cancer), MDAH (ovarian cancer), HeLa (human epitheloid cervix carcinoma), EMT-6 (mouse breast cancer) and WI-38 (human fibroblast lung) cell lines. ZnPc showed four time higher intracellular uptake in carcinoma cells (MCF-7) than normal (WI-38) cell lines. With the aim of studying in detail the biodistribution feature and tumor nuclear imaging capacity, ZnPc was also labeled with I-131. The efficiency of radiolabeled compound was 95±4.6%. In addition, ZnPc reveals to be very efficient singlet oxygen generators (ΦΔ=0.612 in DMSO) and promising PS for PDT application. In vitro fluorescence imaging study with MCF-7 cells showed that ZnPc localized in cytoplasm of the cells. This results showed that synthesized ZnPc is promising candidate for dual fluorescence/nuclear imaging breast cancer and shows potential PS for PDT application.
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Lépy MC, Brondeau L, Bobin C, Lourenço V, Thiam C, Bé MM. Determination of X- and gamma-ray emission intensities in the decay of (131)I. Appl Radiat Isot 2016; 109:154-159. [PMID: 26651173 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2015.11.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The activity per unit mass of an iodine-131 solution was absolutely standardized by both the 4πβ-γ coincidence method and the 4πγ counting technique. The calibrated solution was used to prepare point sources after a preliminary deposit of AgNO3 to prevent the loss of volatile iodine. Relative and absolute photon emission intensities of 15 sgamma-rays and those of the two K X-rays of xenon were determined by gamma-ray spectrometry, with relative uncertainties of 0.8% for the three main emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Christine Lépy
- CEA, LIST, Laboratoire National Henri Becquerel (LNE-LNHB), Bât 602, PC111, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France.
| | - Laurine Brondeau
- CEA, LIST, Laboratoire National Henri Becquerel (LNE-LNHB), Bât 602, PC111, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Christophe Bobin
- CEA, LIST, Laboratoire National Henri Becquerel (LNE-LNHB), Bât 602, PC111, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Valérie Lourenço
- CEA, LIST, Laboratoire National Henri Becquerel (LNE-LNHB), Bât 602, PC111, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Cheick Thiam
- CEA, LIST, Laboratoire National Henri Becquerel (LNE-LNHB), Bât 602, PC111, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Marie-Martine Bé
- CEA, LIST, Laboratoire National Henri Becquerel (LNE-LNHB), Bât 602, PC111, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
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Wada T, Tomiya A, Enomoto M, Sato T, Morishita D, Izumi S, Niizeki K, Suzuki S, Morita T, Kawata G. Radiological impact of the nuclear power plant accident on freshwater fish in Fukushima: An overview of monitoring results. J Environ Radioact 2016; 151 Pt 1:144-155. [PMID: 26454695 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2015.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Revised: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Radionuclide ((131)I, (134)Cs, and (137)Cs) concentrations of monitored freshwater fish species collected from different habitats (rivers, lakes, and culture ponds) in Fukushima Prefecture during March 2011-December 2014 (total 16 species, n = 2692) were analyzed to present a detailed description of radionuclide contamination after the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) accident, and to elucidate species-specific spatiotemporal declining trends of (137)Cs concentration for their respective habitats. Low concentrations of (131)I (≤24 Bq kg(-1)-wet) were detected from only 11 samples collected during March-June 2011, demonstrating that (131)I transferred to freshwater fish were not intense. In river and lake fishes, a more gradual decrease and higher radiocesium ((134)Cs, (137)Cs) concentrations were observed than in culture pond fishes, which strongly implied that radiocesium in freshwater fish species was mainly bioaccumulated through the food web in the wild. During 2011-2014, percentages above the Japanese regulatory limit of 100 Bq kg(-1)-wet for radiocesium in river and lake fish (14.0% and 39.6%, respectively) were higher than in monitored marine fish (9.9%), indicating longer-term contamination of freshwater fish species, especially in lakes. Higher radiocesium concentrations (maximum 18.7 kBq kg(-1)-wet in Oncorhynchus masou) were found in the northwestern areas from the FDNPP with higher deposition. However, radiocesium contamination levels were regarded as 1-2 orders of magnitude less than those after the Chernobyl accident. Lagged increase of (137)Cs concentration and longer ecological half-lives (Teco: 1.2-2.6 y in the central part of Fukushima Prefecture) were observed in carnivorous salmonids (O. masou, Salvelinus leucomaenis), whereas a rapid increase and decrease of (137)Cs concentration and shorter Teco (0.99 and 0.69 y) were found in herbivorous and planktivorous osmerids (Plecoglossus altivelis, Hypomesus nipponensis) with younger age at maturity. Comparison of Teco among salmonids, osmerids, and cyprinids suggests that, in addition to the fish feeding habits and life-cycles, hydraulic conditions in rivers and lakes (e.g., turnover time), which are expected to affect radiocesium concentration in prey items, are an important factor affecting the (137)Cs decreasing rate of freshwater fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiro Wada
- Institute of Environmental Radioactivity at Fukushima University, Fukushima, Fukushima 960-1296, Japan.
| | - Atsushi Tomiya
- Fukushima Prefectural Inland Water Fisheries Experimental Station, Inawashiro, Fukushima 969-3283, Japan
| | - Masahiro Enomoto
- Fukushima Prefectural Inland Water Fisheries Experimental Station, Inawashiro, Fukushima 969-3283, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Sato
- Fukushima Prefectural Inland Water Fisheries Experimental Station, Inawashiro, Fukushima 969-3283, Japan
| | - Daigo Morishita
- Fukushima Prefectural Inland Water Fisheries Experimental Station, Inawashiro, Fukushima 969-3283, Japan
| | - Shigehiko Izumi
- Fukushima Prefectural Inland Water Fisheries Experimental Station, Inawashiro, Fukushima 969-3283, Japan
| | - Kouji Niizeki
- Fukushima Prefectural Inland Water Fisheries Experimental Station, Inawashiro, Fukushima 969-3283, Japan
| | - Shunji Suzuki
- Fukushima Prefectural Inland Water Fisheries Experimental Station, Inawashiro, Fukushima 969-3283, Japan
| | - Takami Morita
- National Research Institute of Fisheries Science, Fisheries Research Agency, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-8648, Japan
| | - Gyo Kawata
- Fukushima Prefectural Inland Water Fisheries Experimental Station, Inawashiro, Fukushima 969-3283, Japan
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Bautista-Ballesteros JA, Torres-Espallardo I, Borrelli P, Rivas-Sanchez A, Bello P, Martí-Bonmatí L. Individualised dosimetry in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer based on external dose-rate. Optimisation of the number of measurements. Rev Esp Med Nucl Imagen Mol 2015; 35:107-14. [PMID: 26598429 DOI: 10.1016/j.remn.2015.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Revised: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare the results of individual dosimetry in differentiated thyroid cancer patients treated with (131)I at our centre with the established limits and dosimetry results of published studies. Analysis of the optimal number of measurements necessary to reduce the impact of dosimetry for the comfort of the patient and, secondly, on the workload of health workers. MATERIAL AND METHODS Dosimetry was performed in the Nuclear Medicine Department of the University and Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, on 29 patients suffering from differentiated thyroid cancer and treated with activities between 1.02 and 5.51 GBq (mean 2.68 GBq) of (131)I. The Spanish Society of Medical Physics (SEFM) protocol was used, based on measurements of external dose rate adjusted to a bi-exponential curve according to a two compartment model. Different dosimetries were performed on each patient, taking different selections of the available measurements in order to find the optimal number. RESULTS Results are well below the dosimetry limits, and are consistent with those obtained in other centres. The number of measurements can be reduced from 5, as proposed in the SEFM protocol, to 4 without significant loss of accuracy. Further reducing measures may be justified in individual cases. CONCLUSIONS The values obtained for the dosimetry quantities are significantly below the established limits. A reduction in measurements can be assumed at the cost of a moderate increase in uncertainty, benefiting the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - I Torres-Espallardo
- Servicio de Medicina Nuclear, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, España
| | - P Borrelli
- Servicio de Medicina Nuclear, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, España
| | - A Rivas-Sanchez
- Servicio de Medicina Nuclear, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, España
| | - P Bello
- Servicio de Medicina Nuclear, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, España
| | - L Martí-Bonmatí
- Servicio de Radiología, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, España; Grupo de Investigación Biomédica (GIBI2(30)), Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, España
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Zenasni N, Elkhayat S, Taleb S, Zamd M, Medkouri G, Benghanem Gharbi M, Ramdani B, Aschawa H, Guensi A. [Management of iodine-131 ablation therapy for thyroid carcinoma in a patient on chronic hemodialysis]. Nephrol Ther 2015; 11:114-7. [PMID: 25709102 DOI: 10.1016/j.nephro.2014.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Revised: 11/28/2014] [Accepted: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Iodine-131 ablation therapy for thyroid cancer in the patient on chronic hemodialysis represents a real problem since the main route of elimination of radioiodine is urinary. There is no recommendation on the management of this treatment in the patient on hemodialysis. We report our experience of management of this treatment in a patient aged 38 years, undergoing hemodialysis for chronic renal failure, and who have been indicated the treatment with iodine-131 for papillary thyroid carcinoma high risk. After multidisciplinary discussions (nephrologists and specialists in nuclear medicine and radiation safety), it has been decided to treat the patient with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis therapy (CAPD). Because of the low but continuous elimination of iodine in the case of CAPD, the patient received a reduced ablative (131)I dose of 1850 MBq, which is 30% of the usual dose delivered in subjects with normal renal function. The patient was hospitalized for four days in nuclear medicine unit and the (131)I radioactivity emitted from him was 2.5 μSv/h at one meter at his hospital discharge. In conclusion, CAPD in relay of hemodialysis is a technique of renal replacement therapy that can be suggested to minimize exposure to radioactivity to the patient, his family and the medical staff.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Zenasni
- Service de néphrologie-dialyse-transplantation rénale, CHU IBN-Rochd de Casablanca, Casablanca, Maroc.
| | - Salma Elkhayat
- Service de néphrologie-dialyse-transplantation rénale, CHU IBN-Rochd de Casablanca, Casablanca, Maroc
| | - Sara Taleb
- Service de médecine nucléaire, CHU IBN-Rochd de Casablanca, Casablanca, Maroc
| | - Mohammed Zamd
- Service de néphrologie-dialyse-transplantation rénale, CHU IBN-Rochd de Casablanca, Casablanca, Maroc
| | - Ghizlaine Medkouri
- Service de néphrologie-dialyse-transplantation rénale, CHU IBN-Rochd de Casablanca, Casablanca, Maroc
| | - Mohammed Benghanem Gharbi
- Service de néphrologie-dialyse-transplantation rénale, CHU IBN-Rochd de Casablanca, Casablanca, Maroc
| | - Benyounes Ramdani
- Service de néphrologie-dialyse-transplantation rénale, CHU IBN-Rochd de Casablanca, Casablanca, Maroc
| | - Hind Aschawa
- Service de médecine nucléaire, CHU IBN-Rochd de Casablanca, Casablanca, Maroc
| | - Amal Guensi
- Service de médecine nucléaire, CHU IBN-Rochd de Casablanca, Casablanca, Maroc
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Muramatsu Y, Matsuzaki H, Toyama C, Ohno T. Analysis of 129I in the soils of Fukushima Prefecture: preliminary reconstruction of 131I deposition related to the accident at Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP). J Environ Radioact 2015; 139:344-350. [PMID: 24930438 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2014.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2013] [Revised: 05/03/2014] [Accepted: 05/11/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Iodine-131 is one of the most critical radionuclides to be monitored after release from reactor accidents due to the tendency for this nuclide to accumulate in the human thyroid gland. However, there are not enough data related to the reactor accident in Fukushima, Japan to provide regional information on the deposition of this short-lived nuclide (half-life = 8.02 d). In this study we have focused on the long-lived iodine isotope, (129)I (half-life of 1.57 × 10(7) y), and analyzed it by accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) for surface soil samples collected at various locations in Fukushima Prefecture. In order to obtain information on the (131)I/(129)I ratio released from the accident, we have determined (129)I concentrations in 82 soil samples in which (131)I concentrations were previously determined. There was a strong correlation (R(2) = 0.84) between the two nuclides, suggesting that the (131)I levels in soil samples following the accident can be estimated through the analysis of (129)I. We have also examined the possible influence from (129m)Te on (129)I, and found no significant effect. In order to construct a deposition map of (131)I, we determined the (129)I concentrations (Bq/kg) in 388 soil samples collected from different locations in Fukushima Prefecture and the deposition densities (Bq/m(2)) of (131)I were reconstructed from the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuyuki Muramatsu
- Faculty of Science, Gakushuin University, Mejiro 1-5-1, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8588, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Matsuzaki
- Department of Nuclear Engineering and Management, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi 2-11-16, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Chiaki Toyama
- Faculty of Science, Gakushuin University, Mejiro 1-5-1, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8588, Japan
| | - Takeshi Ohno
- Faculty of Science, Gakushuin University, Mejiro 1-5-1, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8588, Japan
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Rudqvist N, Schüler E, Parris TZ, Langen B, Helou K, Forssell-Aronsson E. Dose-specific transcriptional responses in thyroid tissue in mice after (131)I administration. Nucl Med Biol 2014; 42:263-8. [PMID: 25496975 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2014.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Revised: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In the present investigation, microarray analysis was used to monitor transcriptional activity in thyroids in mice 24 h after (131)I exposure. The aims of this study were to 1) assess the transcriptional patterns associated with (131)I exposure in normal mouse thyroid tissue and 2) propose biomarkers for (131)I exposure of the thyroid. METHODS Adult BALB/c nude mice were i.v. injected with 13, 130 or 260 kBq of (131)I and killed 24h after injection (absorbed dose to thyroid: 0.85, 8.5, or 17 Gy). Mock-treated mice were used as controls. Total RNA was extracted from thyroids and processed using the Illumina platform. RESULTS In total, 497, 546, and 90 transcripts were regulated (fold change ≥1.5) in the thyroid after 0.85, 8.5, and 17 Gy, respectively. These were involved in several biological functions, e.g. oxygen access, inflammation and immune response, and apoptosis/anti-apoptosis. Approximately 50% of the involved transcripts at each absorbed dose level were dose-specific, and 18 transcripts were commonly detected at all absorbed dose levels. The Agpat9, Plau, Prf1, and S100a8 gene expression displayed a monotone decrease in regulation with absorbed dose, and further studies need to be performed to evaluate if they may be useful as dose-related biomarkers for 131I exposure. CONCLUSION Distinct and substantial differences in gene expression and affected biological functions were detected at the different absorbed dose levels. The transcriptional profiles were specific for the different absorbed dose levels. We propose that the Agpat9, Plau, Prf1, and S100a8 genes might be novel potential absorbed dose-related biomarkers to (131)I exposure of thyroid. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE During the recent years, genomic techniques have been developed; however, they have not been fully utilized in nuclear medicine and radiation biology. We have used RNA microarrays to investigate genome-wide transcriptional regulations in thyroid tissue in mice after low, intermediate, and high absorbed doses from (131)I exposure in vivo. Using this approach, we have identified novel biological responses and potential absorbed dose-related biomarkers to (131)I exposure. Our research shows the importance of embracing technological advances and multi-disciplinary collaboration in order to apply them in radiation therapy, nuclear medicine, and radiation biology. IMPLICATIONS ON PATIENT CARE This work may contribute with new knowledge of potential normal tissue effects or complications that may occur after exposure to ionizing radiation in diagnostic and therapeutic nuclear medicine, and due to radioactive fallout or accident with radionuclide spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Rudqvist
- Department of Radiation Physics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, SE-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Emil Schüler
- Department of Radiation Physics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, SE-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Toshima Z Parris
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, SE-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Britta Langen
- Department of Radiation Physics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, SE-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Khalil Helou
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, SE-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Eva Forssell-Aronsson
- Department of Radiation Physics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, SE-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Medical Physics and Medical Bioengineering, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, SE-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
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Eslinger PW, Napier BA, Anspaugh LR. Representative doses to members of the public from atmospheric releases of (131)I at the Mayak Production Association facilities from 1948 through 1972. J Environ Radioact 2014; 135:44-53. [PMID: 24769389 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2014.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Revised: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/05/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Scoping epidemiology studies performed by researchers from the Southern Urals Biophysics Institute revealed an excess prevalence of thyroid nodules and an increased incidence of thyroid cancer among residents of Ozersk, Russia, who were born in the early 1950s. Ozersk is located about 5 km from the facilities where the Mayak Production Association produced nuclear materials for the Russian weapons program. Reactor operations began in June 1948 and chemical separation of plutonium from irradiated fuel began in February 1949. The U.S.-Russia Joint Coordinating Committee on Radiation Effects Research conducted a series of projects over a 10-year period to assess the radiation risks in the Southern Urals. This paper uses data collected under Committee projects to present examples of reconstructed time-dependent thyroid doses to reference individuals living in Ozersk from (131)I released to the atmosphere for all relevant exposure pathways. Between 3.22 × 10(16) and 4.31 × 10(16) Bq of (131)I may have been released during the 1948-1972 time period, and a best estimate is 3.76 × 10(16) Bq. In general, younger children incur greater thyroid doses from (131)I than adults. A child born in 1947 is estimated to have received a cumulative thyroid dose of 2.3 Gy for 1948-1972, with a 95% confidence interval of 0.51-7.3 Gy. Annual doses were the highest in 1949 and a child who was 5 years old in 1949 is estimated to have a received an annual thyroid dose of 0.93 Gy with a 95% confidence interval of 0.19-3.5 Gy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul W Eslinger
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Blvd., P.O. Box 999, Richland, WA 99354, USA.
| | - Bruce A Napier
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Blvd., P.O. Box 999, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Lynn R Anspaugh
- Division of Radiobiology, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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Miyamoto Y, Yasuda K, Magara M. Size distribution of radioactive particles collected at Tokai, Japan 6 days after the nuclear accident. J Environ Radioact 2014; 132:1-7. [PMID: 24508948 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2014.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2013] [Revised: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Airborne radioactive particles released by the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) accident in 2011 were collected with a cascade low-pressure impactor at the Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA) in Tokai, Japan, 114 km south of the FDNPP. Size-fractionated samples were collected twice, in the periods of March 17-April 1, 2011, and May 9-13, 2011. These size-fractionated samplings were carried out in the earliest days at a short distance from the FDNPP. Radioactivity of short-lived nuclides (several ten days of half-life) was determined as well as (134)Cs and (137)Cs. The elemental composition of size-fractionated samples was also measured. In the first collection, the activity median aerodynamic diameter (AMAD) of (129m)Te, (140)Ba, (134)Cs, (136)Cs and (137)Cs was 1.5-1.6 μm, while the diameter of (131)I was 0.45 μm. The diameters of (134)Cs and (137)Cs in the second collection were expressed as three peaks at <0.5 μm, 0.94 μm, and 7.8 μm. The (134)Cs/(137)Cs ratio of the first collection was 1.02 in total, but the ratio in the fine fractions was 0.91. A distribution map of (134)Cs/(137)Cs - (136)Cs/(137)Cs ratios was helpful in understanding the change of radioactive Cs composition. The Cs composition of size fractions <0.43 μm and the composition in the 1.1-2.1 μm range (including the AMAD of 1.5-1.6 μm) were similar to the calculated compositions of fuels in the reactors No. 1 and No. 3 at the FDNPP using the ORIGEN-II code. The Cs composition collected in May, 2011 was similar to the calculation results of reactor No. 2 fuel composition. The change of Cs composition implies that the radioactive Cs was released from the three reactors at the FDNPP via different processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Miyamoto
- Research Group for Analytical Chemistry, Nuclear Science and Engineering Directorate, Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA), Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan.
| | - Kenichiro Yasuda
- Research Group for Analytical Chemistry, Nuclear Science and Engineering Directorate, Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA), Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan
| | - Masaaki Magara
- Research Group for Analytical Chemistry, Nuclear Science and Engineering Directorate, Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA), Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan
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Wada T, Nemoto Y, Shimamura S, Fujita T, Mizuno T, Sohtome T, Kamiyama K, Morita T, Igarashi S. Effects of the nuclear disaster on marine products in Fukushima. J Environ Radioact 2013; 124:246-254. [PMID: 23831549 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2013.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2013] [Revised: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 05/23/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
After the release of huge amounts of radionuclides into the ocean from the devastated Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP), safety concerns have arisen for marine products in Fukushima Prefecture. As of October 2012, we had inspected the radionuclide ((131)I, (134)Cs and (137)Cs) concentrations in 6462 specimens within 169 marine species collected off the coast of Fukushima Prefecture from April 2011. Only two species exceeded the Japanese provisional regulatory limit for (131)I (2000 Bq/kg-wet) immediately after the FDNPP accident. In 2011 and 2012, 63 and 41 species respectively exceeded the Japanese regulatory limit for radioactive Cs (100 Bq/kg-wet). The overall radioactive Cs concentrations of the total marine products have decreased significantly. However, the time-series trends of radioactive Cs concentrations have differed greatly among taxa, habitats (pelagic/demersal), and spatial distributions. Higher concentrations were observed in shallower waters south of the FDNPP. Radioactive Cs concentrations decreased quickly or were below detection limits in pelagic fishes and some invertebrates, and decreased constantly in seaweed, surf clams, and other organisms. However, in some coastal demersal fishes, the declining trend was much more gradual, and concentrations above the regulatory limit have been detected frequently, indicating continued uptake of radioactive Cs through the benthic food web. The main continuing source of radioactive Cs to the benthic food web is expected to be the radioactive Cs-containing detritus in sediment. Trial fishing operations for several selected species without radioactive Cs contamination were commenced in Soma area, 50 km north of the FDNPP, from June 2012. Long-term and careful monitoring of marine products in the waters off Fukushima Prefecture, especially around the FDNPP, is necessary to restart the coastal fishery reliably and to prevent harmful rumors in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiro Wada
- Soma Branch, Fukushima Prefectural Fisheries Experimental Station, Soma, Fukshima 9760022, Japan.
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Enes Romero P, Martín-Frías M, de Jesús M, Caballero Loscos C, Alonso Blanco M, Barrio Castellanos R. [Efficacy of treatment with I(131) in paediatric Graves disease]. An Pediatr (Barc) 2013; 80:16-20. [PMID: 23796613 DOI: 10.1016/j.anpedi.2013.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Revised: 01/29/2013] [Accepted: 01/30/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Radioiodine is an important therapeutic option in young patients with Grave's disease (GD). In the United States it is a widespread therapy, but in Europe its use in paediatrics is still controversial. AIM To report our experience in radioiodine therapy of paediatric GD patients and analyse its effectiveness and safety. PATIENTS AND METHODS We retrospectively studied our paediatric population (<18 years of age) with GD, diagnosed from 1982 to 2012. A curative option was offered to patients who did not respond to anti-thyroid drug (AT) at puberty. We analysed, the patient characteristics, TSH, T4, T3 and thyroid antibodies levels, AT response, remission post I(131), side effects, and hypothyroidism rates. RESULTS A total of 50 patients were diagnosed with GD from 1982 to 2012. All patients received AT as initial treatment (mean duration: 35.3±25.9 months). Permanent remission was achieved in 46%. Thyroidectomy was performed in 5 patients, and 14 patients received I(131) (mean dose: 10.9±1.09 mCi). Remission with I(131) was obtained in 100%. The rate of permanent hypothyroidism was 90%. There was no progression of ophthalmopathy or side effects in any patients treated with I(131.) CONCLUSION Radioiodine treatment of paediatric GD patients is safe, leads to complete remission at the expense of hypothyroidism, and does not exacerbate ophthalmopathy. It can be considered in patients older than 5 years, who do no not respond to AT or with significant side effects with this medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Enes Romero
- Unidad de Diabetes y Endocrinología Pediátrica, Servicio de Pediatría, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, España.
| | - M Martín-Frías
- Unidad de Diabetes y Endocrinología Pediátrica, Servicio de Pediatría, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, España
| | - M de Jesús
- Servicio de Medicina Nuclear, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, España
| | - C Caballero Loscos
- Servicio de Medicina Nuclear, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, España
| | - M Alonso Blanco
- Unidad de Diabetes y Endocrinología Pediátrica, Servicio de Pediatría, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, España
| | - R Barrio Castellanos
- Unidad de Diabetes y Endocrinología Pediátrica, Servicio de Pediatría, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, España
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