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Sultana D, Kauffman D, Castorina R, Paulsen MH, Bartlett R, Ranjbar K, Gunier RB, Aguirre V, Rowen M, Garban N, DeGuzman J, She J, Patterson R, Simpson CD, Bradman A, Hoover S. The East Bay Diesel Exposure Project: a biomonitoring study of parents and their children in heavily impacted communities. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol 2023:10.1038/s41370-023-00622-1. [PMID: 38102301 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-023-00622-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diesel exhaust (DE) exposures pose concerns for serious health effects, including asthma and lung cancer, in California communities burdened by multiple stressors. OBJECTIVE To evaluate DE exposures in disproportionately impacted communities using biomonitoring and compare results for adults and children within and between families. METHODS We recruited 40 families in the San Francisco East Bay area. Two metabolites of 1-nitropyrene (1-NP), a marker for DE exposures, were measured in urine samples from parent-child pairs. For 25 families, we collected single-day spot urine samples during two sampling rounds separated by an average of four months. For the 15 other families, we collected daily spot urine samples over four consecutive days during the two sampling rounds. We also measured 1-NP in household dust and indoor air. Associations between urinary metabolite levels and participant demographics, season, and 1-NP levels in dust and air were evaluated. RESULTS At least one 1-NP metabolite was present in 96.6% of the urine samples. Detection frequencies for 1-NP in dust and indoor air were 97% and 74%, respectively. Results from random effect models indicated that levels of the 1-NP metabolite 6-hydroxy-1-nitropyrene (6-OHNP) were significantly higher in parents compared with their children (p-value = 0.005). Urinary 1-NP metabolite levels were generally higher during the fall and winter months. Within-subject variability was higher than between-subject variability (~60% of total variance versus ~40%, respectively), indicating high short-term temporal variability. IMPACT Biomonitoring, coupled with air monitoring, improves understanding of hyperlocal air pollution impacts. Results from these studies will inform the design of effective exposure mitigation strategies in disproportionately affected communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Sultana
- Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA), California Environmental Protection Agency, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Duyen Kauffman
- Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA), California Environmental Protection Agency, Oakland, CA, USA
- Environmental Health Investigations Branch, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, CA, USA
| | - Rosemary Castorina
- Center for Environmental Research and Community Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Michael H Paulsen
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Russell Bartlett
- Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA), California Environmental Protection Agency, Oakland, CA, USA
- Environmental Health Investigations Branch, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, CA, USA
| | - Kelsey Ranjbar
- Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA), California Environmental Protection Agency, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Robert B Gunier
- Center for Environmental Research and Community Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Victor Aguirre
- Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA), California Environmental Protection Agency, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Marina Rowen
- Center for Environmental Research and Community Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Natalia Garban
- Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA), California Environmental Protection Agency, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Josephine DeGuzman
- Environmental Health Laboratory Branch, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, CA, USA
| | - Jianwen She
- Environmental Health Laboratory Branch, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, CA, USA
| | - Regan Patterson
- Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA), California Environmental Protection Agency, Oakland, CA, USA
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Christopher D Simpson
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Asa Bradman
- Center for Environmental Research and Community Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Department of Public Health, University of California, Merced, CA, USA.
| | - Sara Hoover
- Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA), California Environmental Protection Agency, Oakland, CA, USA
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Wang X, Li F, Xin B, Wang Q, Fu H, Yan Z, Zhu Y. [Change of the retinoic acid pathway in hypothalamus and pituitary damage induced by combined exposure to low-level Pb~(2+) and 1-nitropyrene in mice]. Wei Sheng Yan Jiu 2023; 52:993-999. [PMID: 38115665 DOI: 10.19813/j.cnki.weishengyanjiu.2023.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To observe the expression of the retinoic acid(RA) pathway in hypothalamus and pituitary damage induced by combined exposure of low-level lead and 1-nitropyrene in mice, and to explore the relationship between the changes of RA pathway and hypothalamus and pituitary damage. METHODS A total of 84 4-week-old ICR mice were randomly divided into the control group, Pb~(2+) tainted group(0.008 mg/L), 1-NP tainted group(0.1 mg/kg), low(0.008 mg/L Pb~(2+)+0.004 mg/kg 1-NP), medium(0.008 mg/L Pb~(2+)+0.02 mg/kg 1-NP), and high-dose co-toxicity group(0.008 mg/L Pb~(2+)+0.1 mg/kg 1-NP) according to body weight, with 14 mice in each group. Among them, Pb~(2+) was provided by lead acetate, added to deionized water and ingested by mice drinking freely, 1-NP was given by intraperitoneal injection, 1-NP was administered by intraperitoneal injection. Record daily water intake and food intake. After 21 consecutive days of exposure, body mass was measured, histological changes in the hypothalamus and pituitary were observed under an optical microscope, and lead content in brain tissue was measured by atomic absorption spectrometry. The real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR was used to detect the abundance of retinoic acid pathway members and c-Jun N-terminal kinases genes(Jnks), and the western blot method was used to detect expression levels of acetaldehyde dehydrogenase 2(ALDH2), cytochrome P450 family member 26A1(CYP26a1) proteins. RESULTS There was no difference in the mean weekly water intake and food intake of the mice in each group. The body weight of the high-dose co-toxicity group mice((27.4±1.9)g) was lower than that of the control group((29.8±2.3)g)(P<0.05). The level of serum follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH) in the middle and high dose co-toxicity groups((265.01±2.99), (260.42±3.61)pg/mL, respectively) was lower than that in the control group((279.00±1.30)pg/mL, P<0.05). The content of Pb~(2+) in the brain of each group containing Pb~(2+) was higher than that of the control group. In the hypothalamic and pituitary tissues, the abundance of Adh1, Adh2, Rar and Rxr, and ALDH2 levels in the medium and high dose co-toxicity groups were higher than those in the control group(P<0.05). Cyp26a1 gene abundance and protein levels were lower in the medium and high dose co-toxicity groups than in the control group(P<0.05). The abundance of Jnks in the high-dose co-toxicity group was higher than that in the control group(P<0.05). CONCLUSION Continuous exposure to 0.008 mg/L Pb~(2+)+0.1 mg/kg 1-NP for 21 days can cause damage to the hypothalamus and pituitary of mice, and activate the RA signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuning Wang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Fan Li
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Bingyan Xin
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Hu Fu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Zhengli Yan
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Yongfei Zhu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, China
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Choi SH, Ochirpurev B, Toriba A, Won JU, Kim H. Exposure to Benzo[a]pyrene and 1-Nitropyrene in Particulate Matter Increases Oxidative Stress in the Human Body. Toxics 2023; 11:797. [PMID: 37755807 PMCID: PMC10534303 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11090797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have been reported to cause oxidative stress in metabolic processes. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between exposure to PAHs, including benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) and 1-nitropyrene (1-NP), in the atmosphere and oxidative stress levels in the human body. This study included 44 Korean adults who lived in Cheongju, Republic of Korea. Atmospheric BaP and 1-NP concentrations and urinary 6-hydroxy-1-nitropyrene (6-OHNP), N-acetyl-1-aminopyrene (1-NAAP), and 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP) concentrations were measured. The oxidative stress level was assessed by measuring urinary thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) concentrations. Urinary TBARS and 6-OHNP concentrations significantly differed between winter and summer. BaP exposure was significantly associated with urinary 8-OHdG concentrations in summer. However, atmospheric 1-NP did not show a significant correlation with oxidative stress marker concentrations. Urinary 1-NAAP concentration was a significant determinant for urinary 8-OHdG concentration in summer. Oxidative stress in the body increases in proportion to inhalation exposure to BaP, and more 8-OHdG is produced in the body as the amount of 1-NP, which is metabolized to 1-AP or 1-NAAP, increases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Haeng Choi
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Bolormaa Ochirpurev
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Akira Toriba
- Department of Hygienic Chemistry, Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Jong-Uk Won
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Heon Kim
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
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Choi SH, Ochirpurev B, Jo HY, Won JU, Toriba A, Kim H. Effects of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon exposure on mitochondrial DNA copy number. Hum Exp Toxicol 2023; 42:9603271231216968. [PMID: 37989254 DOI: 10.1177/09603271231216968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Airborne polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) exposure can adversely affect human health by generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) and increasing oxidative stress, which causes changes in mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn), a key indicator of mitochondrial damage and dysfunction. This study aimed to determine the effects of atmospheric benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) and 1-nitropyrene (1-NP) exposure on mtDNAcn in humans. One hundred and eight adults living in Cheongju, South Korea, were included in this study. Atmospheric BaP and 1-NP concentrations and urinary 6-hydroxy-1-nitropyrene (6-OHNP), N-acetyl-1-aminopyrene (1-NAAP), and 1-hydroxypyrene concentrations were measured. Blood samples were also collected to assess mtDNAcn. The mean mtDNAcn was 9.74 (SD 4.46). mtDNAcn decreased significantly with age but was not significantly associated with sex, sampling season, or smoking habit. While there was a borderline significant increase in mtDNAcn with increasing ambient total PAH levels, ambient PAH or urinary 1-hydroxypyrene concentrations showed no significant association with mtDNAcn. However, urinary 6-OHNP or 1-NAAP concentrations, 1-NP metabolites, were significantly associated with mtDNAcn. These results suggest that the metabolism of absorbed NPs generates excess ROS, which damages mitochondrial DNA, resulting in increased mtDNAcn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Haeng Choi
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bolormaa Ochirpurev
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa Yeong Jo
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Uk Won
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Akira Toriba
- Department of Hygienic Chemistry, Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Heon Kim
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
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Lee WJ, Kim MJ, Choi HW, Lee JJ, Jung SK. Effect of Methyl Gallate on 1-Nitropyrene-Induced Keratinocyte Toxicity in a Human and Canine Skin Model. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 32:869-876. [PMID: 35880479 PMCID: PMC9628917 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2206.06004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The skin, which is the largest organ of the human body, is in direct contact with pollutants in the surrounding atmosphere. Meanwhile, 1-nitropyrene (1-NP), the most abundant nitro-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon found in particulate matter, is known to have carcinogenic effects; however, studies on its toxicity in human and canine skin are still needed. In this study, we investigated 1-NP-induced apoptosis and inflammatory pathways in HaCaT cells. In addition, we also measured the cytoprotective effect of methyl gallate (MG), which is widely distributed in medicinal and edible plants and is well known for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. MG inhibited 1-NP-induced cell death and apoptosis pathways, including the cleavage of PARP and activation of caspase-3, -7, and -9. MG also suppressed 1-NP-induced COX-2 expression and phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and MAPK kinases (MAPKKs). Our findings suggest that 1-NP induces skin toxicity in human and canine through apoptosis and inflammatory responses, and moreover, that this can be prevented by treatment with MG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo Jin Lee
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jeong Kim
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Wook Choi
- Department of Functional Food and Biotechnology, Jeonju University, Jeonju 55069, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Jae Lee
- Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea,Corresponding authors J.J. Lee Phone: +82-53-950-6654 E-mail:
| | - Sung Keun Jung
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea,Tailored Food Technology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea,
S.K. Jung Phone: +82-53-950-7764 Fax: +82-53-950-7762 E-mail:
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Garcia WL, Miller CJ, Lomas GX, Gaither KA, Tyrrell KJ, Smith JN, Brandvold KR, Wright AT. Profiling How the Gut Microbiome Modulates Host Xenobiotic Metabolism in Response to Benzo[ a]pyrene and 1-Nitropyrene Exposure. Chem Res Toxicol 2022; 35:585-596. [PMID: 35347982 PMCID: PMC9878584 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.1c00360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiome is a key contributor to xenobiotic metabolism. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are an abundant class of environmental contaminants that have varying levels of carcinogenicity depending on their individual structures. Little is known about how the gut microbiome affects the rates of PAH metabolism. This study sought to determine the role that the gut microbiome has in determining the various aspects of metabolism in the liver, before and after exposure to two structurally different PAHs, benzo[a]pyrene and 1-nitropyrene. Following exposures, the metabolic rates of PAH metabolism were measured, and activity-based protein profiling was performed. We observed differences in PAH metabolism rates between germ-free and conventional mice under both unexposed and exposed conditions. Our activity-based protein profiling (ABPP) analysis showed that, under unexposed conditions, there were only minor differences in total P450 activity in germ-free mice relative to conventional mice. However, we observed distinct activity profiles in response to corn oil vehicle and PAH treatment, primarily in the case of 1-NP treatment. This study revealed that the repertoire of active P450s in the liver is impacted by the presence of the gut microbiome, which modifies PAH metabolism in a substrate-specific fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Whitney L. Garcia
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352 (USA),Biological Systems Engineering Department, CAHNRS, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99163 (USA)
| | - Carson J. Miller
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352 (USA)
| | - Gerard X. Lomas
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352 (USA)
| | - Kari A. Gaither
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352 (USA)
| | - Kimberly J. Tyrrell
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352 (USA)
| | - Jordan N. Smith
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352 (USA),Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331 (USA)
| | - Kristoffer R. Brandvold
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352 (USA),Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA 99202 (USA),Corresponding Authors: Kristoffer R. Brandvold - Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352 (USA); , Aaron T. Wright - Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352 (USA);
| | - Aaron T. Wright
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352 (USA),The Gene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99163 (USA),Corresponding Authors: Kristoffer R. Brandvold - Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352 (USA); , Aaron T. Wright - Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352 (USA);
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Liang Y, Shuai Q, Wang Y, Jin S, Feng Z, Chen B, Liang T, Liu Z, Zhao H, Chen Z, Wang C, Xie J. 1-Nitropyrene exposure impairs embryo implantation through disrupting endometrial receptivity genes expression and producing excessive ROS. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2021; 227:112939. [PMID: 34717220 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Haze problem is an important factor threatening human health. PM2.5 is the main culprit haze. 1-Nitropyrene (1-NP) is the main nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, the toxic component of PM2.5 particles. The effects of 1-NP on various organs and reproductive health have been extensively and deeply studied, but the effects of 1-NP on embryo implantation and endometrial receptivity remain to be determined. The purpose of this study was to investigate the adverse effects of 1-NP on mouse embryo implantation and human endometrial receptivity. In early pregnancy, CD1 mice were given 2 mg/kg 1-NP by oral gavage, which resulted in a decreased embryo implantation number on day 5, inhibited leukemic inhibitory factor (LIF)/STAT3 pathway, decreased expression of estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor, and disrupted regulation of uterine cell proliferation. In addition, in a human in vitro implantation model, 1-NP was found to significantly inhibit the adhesion rate between trophoblast spheroids and endometrial epithelial cells, possibly by inhibiting the expression of receptivity molecules in Ishikawa cells. Promoting reactive oxygen species (ROS) production may be an additional mechanism by which it inhibits trophoblast spheroid adhesion. In this study, we used an in vivo mouse pregnancy model and an in vitro human embryo implantation model to demonstrate that 1-NP can impair endometrial receptivity and compromise embryo implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiang Liang
- Experimental Animal Center of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Human Disease and Animal Models, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defect and Cell Regeneration, Key Laboratory for Cellular Physiology of Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Qizhi Shuai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defect and Cell Regeneration, Key Laboratory for Cellular Physiology of Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defect and Cell Regeneration, Key Laboratory for Cellular Physiology of Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Shanshan Jin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defect and Cell Regeneration, Key Laboratory for Cellular Physiology of Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Zihan Feng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defect and Cell Regeneration, Key Laboratory for Cellular Physiology of Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Binghong Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defect and Cell Regeneration, Key Laboratory for Cellular Physiology of Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Ting Liang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defect and Cell Regeneration, Key Laboratory for Cellular Physiology of Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Zhizhen Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defect and Cell Regeneration, Key Laboratory for Cellular Physiology of Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Hong Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defect and Cell Regeneration, Key Laboratory for Cellular Physiology of Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Zhaoyang Chen
- Experimental Animal Center of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Human Disease and Animal Models, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Chunfang Wang
- Experimental Animal Center of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Human Disease and Animal Models, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Jun Xie
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defect and Cell Regeneration, Key Laboratory for Cellular Physiology of Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China.
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Tsai PK, Chen SP, Huang-Liu R, Chen CJ, Chen WY, Ng YY, Kuan YH. Proinflammatory Responses of 1-Nitropyrene against RAW264.7 Macrophages through Akt Phosphorylation and NF-κB Pathways. Toxics 2021; 9:toxics9110276. [PMID: 34822668 PMCID: PMC8620634 DOI: 10.3390/toxics9110276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution is a major environmental and public health problem worldwide. A nitro-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and the most abundant air pollutant in diesel engine exhaust, 1-nitropyrene (1-NP), is caused by the incomplete combustion of carbonaceous organic substances. Macrophages are effector cells of the innate immune cells that provide resistance in the peripheral tissue. The overactivation of macrophages results in inflammation. The generation of proinflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumour necrosis factor alpha, is induced by 1-NP in a concentration-dependent manner in macrophages. In this study, the production of proinflammatory mediators, such as nitrogen oxide and prostaglandin E2, was induced by 1-NP in a concentration-dependent manner through the expression of iNOS and COX2. The generation of proinflammatory cytokines, iNOS, and COX2 was induced by 1-NP through nuclear factor (NF)-κB p65 phosphorylation and the degradation of its upstream factor, IκB. Finally, Akt phosphorylation was induced by 1-NP in a concentration-dependent manner. These findings suggest that 1-NP exhibits a proinflammatory response through the NF-κB pathway activation due to Akt phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Kun Tsai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Zuoying Branch of Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81342, Taiwan;
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Pin Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan;
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Rosa Huang-Liu
- School of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan;
| | - Chun-Jung Chen
- Department of Education and Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 40705, Taiwan;
| | - Wen-Ying Chen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan;
| | - Yan-Yan Ng
- Department of Pediatric, Chung Kang Branch, Cheng Ching Hospital, Taichung 40764, Taiwan;
| | - Yu-Hsiang Kuan
- Department of Pharmacy, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-4-2473-0022 (ext. 11662); Fax: +886-4-2473-9030
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Li S, Huang Y, Zhang M, Gao Y, Pan C, Deng K, Fan B. Remediation of 1-Nitropyrene in Soil: A Comparative Study with Pyrene. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:ijerph17061914. [PMID: 32183486 PMCID: PMC7142859 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17061914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (nPAHs) are ubiquitous environmental pollutants, which exhibits higher toxicity than their corresponding parent PAHs (pPAHs). Recent studies demonstrated that the nPAHs could represent major soil pollution, however the remediation of nPAHs has been rarely reported. In this study, biological, physical, and chemical methods have been applied to remove 1-nitropyrene, the model nPAH, in contaminated soil. A comparative study with pyrene has also been investigated and evaluated. The results suggest that the physical method with activated carbon is an efficient and economical approach, removing 88.1% and 78.0% of 1-nitropyrene and pyrene respectively, within one day. The zero-valent ion has a similar removal performance on 1-nitropyrene (83.1%), converting 1-nitropyrene to 1-aminopyrene in soil via chemical reduction and decreasing the mutagenicity and carcinogenicity of 1-nitropyrene. Biological remediation that employs scallion as a plant model can reduce 55.0% of 1-nitropyrene in soil (from 39.6 to 17.8 μg/kg), while 77.9% of pyrene can be removed by plant. This indicates that nPAHs might be more persistent than corresponding pPAHs in soil. It is anticipated that this study could draw public awareness of nitro-derivatives of pPAHs and provide remediation technologies of carcinogenic nPAHs in soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (S.L.); (Y.H.); (M.Z.); (Y.G.)
| | - Yatao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (S.L.); (Y.H.); (M.Z.); (Y.G.)
| | - Minhui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (S.L.); (Y.H.); (M.Z.); (Y.G.)
| | - Yanchen Gao
- Key Laboratory of Agro-products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (S.L.); (Y.H.); (M.Z.); (Y.G.)
| | - Canping Pan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
| | - Kailin Deng
- Key Laboratory of Agro-products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (S.L.); (Y.H.); (M.Z.); (Y.G.)
- Correspondence: (K.D.); (B.F.); Tel.: +86-010-62815969 (K.D.)
| | - Bei Fan
- Key Laboratory of Agro-products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (S.L.); (Y.H.); (M.Z.); (Y.G.)
- Correspondence: (K.D.); (B.F.); Tel.: +86-010-62815969 (K.D.)
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10
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Abstract
When ethanolic solutions of 1-nitropyrene (1-NP) and 3-nitrobenzanthorone (3-NBA) were irradiated with intense light, which they absorb, for several minutes, the fluorescence characteristics of the solutions were significantly changed. After such preliminary irradiation, the fluorescence intensity of 1-NP increased immediately by a factor of 104 with a blue shift of 100 nm and that of 3-NBA 700 with a red shift of 10 nm. The findings were applied to high performance liquid chromatography with a fluorescence detector so that the two nitroarenes could be quantitatively analyzed by preliminary irradiation of their solutions before measurements. The calibration curves were linearly drawn over the concentration range from 1.0 × 10-9 to 1.0 × 10-7 M for 1-NP and 1.0 × 10-8 to 1.0 × 10-6 M for 3-NBA and the limits of detection were 2.3 pg for 1-NP and 28 pg for 3-NBA. From the results, fluorescence enhancement was found to be very effective for determining nitroarenes, being practically non-fluorescent and very important in environmental health-risk assessment, easily and sensitively. The mechanism of the fluorescence enhancement of 1-NP and 3-NBA was also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Fuse
- Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, Toho University
| | - Yasuto Fujimaki
- Tokyo Metropolitan Industrial Technology Research Institute, Jonan Branch
| | - Shigeru Ohshima
- Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, Toho University
| | - Atsuko Nishigaki
- Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, Toho University
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11
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Li R, Wang X, Wang B, Li J, Song Y, Luo B, Chen Y, Zhang C, Wang H, Xu D. Gestational 1-nitropyrene exposure causes fetal growth restriction through disturbing placental vascularity and proliferation. Chemosphere 2018; 213:252-258. [PMID: 30223130 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.09.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
1-Nitropyrene (1-NP) is a widely distributed pollutant in the environment and is best known for its mutagenicity and carcinogenicity. In this study, we evaluated the effects of 1-NP exposure in different gestational stages on the pregnant outcomes. Pregnant mice were administered with 1-NP by gavage daily in early (GD1-GD6), middle (GD7-GD12) or late pregnancy (GD13-GD17), respectively. We found that gestational 1-NP exposure had no effect on implantation sites per litter, preterm delivery and fetal death. Interestingly, mice exposed to 1-NP in late pregnancy showed a significant reduction in fetal weight and crown-rump length. Correspondingly, placental weight and diameter were markedly reduced in dams exposed to 1-NP in late pregnancy. Additional experiment showed maternal 1-NP exposure in late pregnancy reduced blood sinusoid area of placental labyrinthine region in a dose-dependent manner. Although gestational 1-NP exposure had little effect on placental cell apoptosis, as determined by the TUNEL assay, the rate of Ki67-positive cell, a marker of cell proliferation, was reduced in placental labyrinthine region of mice exposed to 1-NP in late pregnancy. These findings provide evidence that gestational 1-NP exposure induces fetal growth restriction in a stage-dependent manner. Placenta is a toxic target in the process of 1-NP-induced fetal growth restriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Li
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; Basic Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Xilu Wang
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Jian Li
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Yaping Song
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Biao Luo
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Yuanhua Chen
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Dexiang Xu
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.
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12
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Bacolod ET, Uno S, Villamor SS, Koyama J. Oxidative stress and genotoxicity biomarker responses in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) exposed to environmental concentration of 1-nitropyrene. Mar Pollut Bull 2017; 124:786-791. [PMID: 28185655 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.01.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to assess whether environmental 1-nitropyrene (1-NP) concentration will induce genotoxicity and oxidative damages in tilapia, lives in estuarine and brackish water. Tilapia were exposed to waterborne 1-NP. Cellular antioxidant enzyme activity of glutathione peroxidase and oxidative damage, i.e., lipid peroxidation, protein and DNA oxidation were used as biomarkers of oxidative stress, while the micronucleus test was used for evaluation of chromosomal damage and was used as an indication of genotoxicity. Results showed that all biomarkers for oxidative stress positively responded, and micronucleus and other nuclear abnormalities frequencies significantly increased (p<0.001). This study showed that environmentally relevant 1-NP concentration in test water (0.15ng/L) and in fish (3ng/kg) induced genotoxicity and oxidative stress. Micronuclei and other nuclear abnormalities were probably formed as a result of oxidative stress. In conclusion, exposure to lower waterborne 1-NP concentration can pose a risk to freshwater and estuarine organisms through accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene T Bacolod
- Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, University of San Carlos, 6000 Cebu City, Philippines
| | - Seiichi Uno
- Education and Research Center for Marine Resources and Environment, Faculty of Fisheries, Kagoshima University, 4-50-20 Shimoarata, Kagoshima 890-0056, Japan.
| | - Shiela S Villamor
- Education and Research Center for Marine Resources and Environment, Faculty of Fisheries, Kagoshima University, 4-50-20 Shimoarata, Kagoshima 890-0056, Japan
| | - Jiro Koyama
- Education and Research Center for Marine Resources and Environment, Faculty of Fisheries, Kagoshima University, 4-50-20 Shimoarata, Kagoshima 890-0056, Japan
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13
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Onduka T, Ojima D, Ito K, Mochida K, Ito M, Koyama J, Fujii K. Photo-induced toxicity and oxidative stress responses in Tigriopus japonicus exposed to nitro-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and artificial light. Chemosphere 2017; 169:596-603. [PMID: 27902966 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.11.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Revised: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Photo-induced toxicity is an important phenomenon in ecotoxicology because sunlight reaches many organisms in their natural habitats. To elucidate whether sunlight enhances the toxicity of nitro-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (nitro-PAHs), the acute toxicities of 10 nitro-PAHs and the related compound 1-nitropyrene (1-NP) to Tigriopus japonicus were assessed in darkness or under light conditions. In addition, the relationships among the toxicity of 1-NP to T. japonicus, lighting condition, and the concentration of reactive oxygen species (ROS) formed were investigated in the presence or absence of the ROS scavenger ascorbic acid in the test solutions. Light irradiation increased the toxicity of all tested nitro-PAHs except 1,5-dinitronaphthalene. Among the compounds tested, 1-NP was the most phototoxic: it was more than 1000 times more toxic under the light conditions than in darkness. In contrast, at the same light levels, pyrene was not phototoxic. Light irradiation induced the generation of ROS in the 1-NP exposure groups, and the immobilization rate of T. japonicus increased with the amount of ROS produced. The addition of ascorbic acid to the test solutions suppressed both the generation of ROS and the light-induced immobilization of T. japonicus. To accurately assess the ecotoxicologic risk of nitro-PAHs, their overall photo-induced toxicity must be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshimitsu Onduka
- National Research Institute of Fisheries and Environment of Inland Sea, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 2-17-5 Maruishi, Hatsukaichi, Hiroshima 739-0452, Japan.
| | - Daisuke Ojima
- National Research Institute of Fisheries and Environment of Inland Sea, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 2-17-5 Maruishi, Hatsukaichi, Hiroshima 739-0452, Japan
| | - Katsutoshi Ito
- National Research Institute of Fisheries and Environment of Inland Sea, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 2-17-5 Maruishi, Hatsukaichi, Hiroshima 739-0452, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Mochida
- National Research Institute of Fisheries and Environment of Inland Sea, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 2-17-5 Maruishi, Hatsukaichi, Hiroshima 739-0452, Japan
| | - Mana Ito
- National Research Institute of Fisheries and Environment of Inland Sea, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 2-17-5 Maruishi, Hatsukaichi, Hiroshima 739-0452, Japan
| | - Jiro Koyama
- Education and Research Center for Marine Resources and Environment, Faculty of Fisheries, Kagoshima University, 4-50-20 Shimoarata, Kagoshima 890-0056, Japan
| | - Kazunori Fujii
- National Research Institute of Fisheries and Environment of Inland Sea, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 2-17-5 Maruishi, Hatsukaichi, Hiroshima 739-0452, Japan
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14
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Galaviz VE, Quintana PJE, Yost MG, Sheppard L, Paulsen MH, Camp JE, Simpson CD. Urinary metabolites of 1-nitropyrene in US-Mexico border residents who frequently cross the San Ysidro Port of Entry. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol 2017; 27:84-89. [PMID: 26669848 PMCID: PMC7051192 DOI: 10.1038/jes.2015.78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Revised: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Diesel exhaust presents a community exposure hazard, but methods to measure internal exposure are lacking. We report results from a community-based study using 1-nitropyrene (1-NP) and its urinary metabolites as markers of exposure to traffic-related diesel particulate matter (DPM). The study participants were Tijuana, Mexico residents who commuted on foot into San Diego, California for work or school using the International San Ysidro Port of Entry, placing them within feet of idling traffic (referred to as border commuters). The comparison group (non-border commuters) was comprised of residents of south San Diego who did not commute into Mexico. Air concentration of 1-NP in fine particulate matter (PM2.5) was measured in personal samples from participants. Spot urine samples were analyzed for 1-NP urinary metabolites 8-hydroxy-1-nitropyrene (8-OHNP) and 8-hydroxy-N-acetyl-1-aminopyrene (8-OHNAAP). Compared with non-border commuters, border commuters had two- to threefold higher mean urinary concentrations for unadjusted and creatinine-adjusted 8-OHNP and 8-OHNAAP. Urinary 8-OHNAAP and the sum of 8-OHNP and 8-OHNAAP were both associated with personal exposure to 1-NP in the prior 24 h. These results suggest that 1-NP urinary metabolites reflect recent exposure to DPM-derived 1-NP in community settings and can be useful for exposure analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Eileen Galaviz
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, California Environmental Protection Agency, Sacramento, California, USA
| | | | - Michael George Yost
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Lianne Sheppard
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- University of Washington, School of Public Health, Department of Biostatistics, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Michael Henry Paulsen
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Janice Ellouise Camp
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Christopher David Simpson
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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15
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Rossner P, Strapacova S, Stolcpartova J, Schmuczerova J, Milcova A, Neca J, Vlkova V, Brzicova T, Machala M, Topinka J. Toxic Effects of the Major Components of Diesel Exhaust in Human Alveolar Basal Epithelial Cells (A549). Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:E1393. [PMID: 27571070 PMCID: PMC5037673 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17091393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the toxicity of benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), 1-nitropyrene (1-NP) and 3-nitrobenzanthrone (3-NBA) in A549 cells. Cells were treated for 4 h and 24 h with: B[a]P (0.1 and 1 μM), 1-NP (1 and 10 μM) and 3-NBA (0.5 and 5 μM). Bulky DNA adducts, lipid peroxidation, DNA and protein oxidation and mRNA expression of CYP1A1, CYP1B1, NQO1, POR, AKR1C2 and COX2 were analyzed. Bulky DNA adducts were induced after both treatment periods; the effect of 1-NP was weak. 3-NBA induced high levels of bulky DNA adducts even after 4-h treatment, suggesting rapid metabolic activation. Oxidative DNA damage was not affected. 1-NP caused protein oxidation and weak induction of lipid peroxidation after 4-h incubation. 3-NBA induced lipid peroxidation after 24-h treatment. Unlike B[a]P, induction of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor, measured as mRNA expression levels of CYP1A1 and CYP1B1, was low after treatment with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) nitro-derivatives. All test compounds induced mRNA expression of NQO1, POR, and AKR1C2 after 24-h treatment. AKR1C2 expression indicates involvement of processes associated with reactive oxygen species generation. This was supported further by COX2 expression induced by 24-h treatment with 1-NP. In summary, 3-NBA was the most potent genotoxicant, whereas 1-NP exhibited the strongest oxidative properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Rossner
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Simona Strapacova
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Jitka Stolcpartova
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic.
- Institute for Environmental Studies, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Benatska 2, 128 01 Prague 2, Czech Republic.
| | - Jana Schmuczerova
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Alena Milcova
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Jiri Neca
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Veronika Vlkova
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Tana Brzicova
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Miroslav Machala
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Jan Topinka
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic.
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16
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Shimada T, Takenaka S, Murayama N, Kramlinger VM, Kim JH, Kim D, Liu J, Foroozesh MK, Yamazaki H, Guengerich FP, Komori M. Oxidation of pyrene, 1-hydroxypyrene, 1-nitropyrene and 1-acetylpyrene by human cytochrome P450 2A13. Xenobiotica 2015; 46:211-24. [PMID: 26247835 DOI: 10.3109/00498254.2015.1069419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
1. The polycyclic hydrocarbons (PAHs), pyrene, 1-hydroxypyrene, 1-nitropyrene and 1-acetylpyrene, were found to induce Type I binding spectra with human cytochrome P450 (P450) 2A13 and were converted to various mono- and di-oxygenated products by this enzyme. 2. Pyrene was first oxidized by P450 2A13 to 1-hydroxypyrene which was further oxidized to di-oxygenated products, i.e. 1,8- and 1,6-dihydroxypyrene. Of five other human P450s examined, P450 1B1 catalyzed pyrene oxidation to 1-hydroxypyrene at a similar rate to P450 2A13 but was less efficient in forming dihydroxypyrenes. P450 2A6, a related human P450 enzyme, which did not show any spectral changes with these four PAHs, showed lower activities in oxidation of these compounds than P450 2A13. 3. 1-Nitropyrene and 1-acetylpyrene were also found to be efficiently oxidized by P450 2A13 to several oxygenated products, based on mass spectrometry analysis. 4. Molecular docking analysis supported preferred orientations of pyrene and its derivatives in the active site of P450 2A13, with lower interaction energies (U values) than observed for P450 2A6 and that several amino acid residues (including Ala-301, Asn-297 and Ala-117) play important roles in directing the orientation of these PAHs in the P450 2A13 active site. In addition, Phe-231 and Gly-329 were found to interact with pyrene to orient this compound in the active site of P450 1B1. 5. These results suggest that P450 2A13 is one of the important enzymes that oxidizes these PAH compounds and may determine how these chemicals are detoxicated and bioactivated in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsutomu Shimada
- a Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology , Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University , Izumisano , Osaka , Japan
| | - Shigeo Takenaka
- a Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology , Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University , Izumisano , Osaka , Japan
| | - Norie Murayama
- b Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics , Showa Pharmaceutical University , Machida , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Valerie M Kramlinger
- c Department of Biochemistry and Center in Molecular Toxicology , Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville , TN , USA
| | - Joo-Hwan Kim
- d Department of Biological Sciences , Konkuk University , Seoul , Republic of Korea , and
| | - Donghak Kim
- d Department of Biological Sciences , Konkuk University , Seoul , Republic of Korea , and
| | - Jiawang Liu
- e Department of Chemistry , Xavier University of Louisiana , New Orleans , LA , USA
| | - Maryam K Foroozesh
- e Department of Chemistry , Xavier University of Louisiana , New Orleans , LA , USA
| | - Hiroshi Yamazaki
- b Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics , Showa Pharmaceutical University , Machida , Tokyo , Japan
| | - F Peter Guengerich
- c Department of Biochemistry and Center in Molecular Toxicology , Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville , TN , USA
| | - Masayuki Komori
- a Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology , Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University , Izumisano , Osaka , Japan
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17
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Manon L, Béatrice B, Thierry O, Jocelyne P, Fathi M, Evelyne O, Alain B. Antimutagenic potential of harpagoside and Harpagophytum procumbens against 1-nitropyrene. Pharmacogn Mag 2015; 11:S29-36. [PMID: 26109771 PMCID: PMC4461965 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.157675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Revised: 08/17/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: 1-nitropyrene (1-NPy) is one of the most abundant nitro-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons particularly in diesel exhausts. It is a mutagenic and carcinogenic pollutant very widespread in the environment. So the discovery of antimutagenic agents is essential. Harpagophytum procumbens (HP) is traditionally used as anti-inflammatory and analgesic particularly against painful osteoarthritis. Harpagoside (HS), its major iridoid glycoside, is considered as the main active component. Objective: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the antimutagenic activity of HS and HP extracts against mutagenic activity of 1-NPy. Materials and Methods: The antimutagenic activity was investigated using the in vitro cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay in cultured human lymphocytes. Cells were exposed to HS or HP extracts before (pretreatment), during (co-treatment), and after (posttreatment) treatment with 1-NPy. Results: Results showed that HS significantly reduced the mutagenicity of 1-NPy in pretreatment and particularly in co-treatment, whereas all HP extracts significantly reduced the genotoxicity in the three protocols. Conclusion: These results suggested that HS was strongly involved in antimutagenic activity of HP extracts in co-treatment, but other components in HP extracts participated in this activity in pre- and post-treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Manon
- Department of Biogenotoxicology, Human Health and Environment, Mediterranean Institute of Biodiversity and Ecology, Faculty of Medicine, Aix-Marseille University, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, Marseille Cedex 5, France
| | - Baghdikian Béatrice
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy and Ethnopharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aix-Marseille University, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, Marseille Cedex 5, France
| | - Orsière Thierry
- Department of Biogenotoxicology, Human Health and Environment, Mediterranean Institute of Biodiversity and Ecology, Faculty of Medicine, Aix-Marseille University, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, Marseille Cedex 5, France
| | - Pompili Jocelyne
- Department of Biogenotoxicology, Human Health and Environment, Mediterranean Institute of Biodiversity and Ecology, Faculty of Medicine, Aix-Marseille University, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, Marseille Cedex 5, France
| | - Mabrouki Fathi
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy and Ethnopharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aix-Marseille University, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, Marseille Cedex 5, France
| | - Ollivier Evelyne
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy and Ethnopharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aix-Marseille University, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, Marseille Cedex 5, France
| | - Botta Alain
- Department of Biogenotoxicology, Human Health and Environment, Mediterranean Institute of Biodiversity and Ecology, Faculty of Medicine, Aix-Marseille University, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, Marseille Cedex 5, France
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18
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Deng K, Wong TY, Wang Y, Leung EMK, Chan W. Combination of precolumn nitro-reduction and ultraperformance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection for the sensitive quantification of 1-nitronaphthalene, 2-nitrofluorene, and 1-nitropyrene in meat products. J Agric Food Chem 2015; 63:3161-3167. [PMID: 25763600 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b00523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Carcinogenic nitropolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (nitro-PAHs) are ubiquitous in the ambient environment. They are emitted predominantly from internal combustion engines and by reacting polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with nitrogen oxide. The emerging evidence that nitro-PAHs are taken up by plants and bioaccumulatd in the food chain has aroused worldwide concerns for the potential of chronic poisoning through dietary intake. Therefore, analytical methods of high sensitivity are extremely important for assessing the risk of human exposure to nitro-PAHs. This paper describes the development of a simple and robust ultraperformance liquid chromatography coupled fluorescence detector (UPLC-FLD) method for the sensitive determination of nitro-PAHs in meat products. The method entails precolumn reduction of the otherwise nonfluorescent nitro-PAHs to amino-PAHs which strongly fluoresce for their determination by UPLC-FLD analysis. The developed method was validated for extraction efficiency, accuracy, precision, and detection limit and has been successfully applied in quantifying 1-nitronaphthalene (1-NN), 2-nitrofluorene (2-NF), and 1-nitropyrene (1-NP) in fresh and cured meat products. The results showed that the combination of Fe/H(+)-induced nitro-reduction and UPLC-FLD analysis allows sensitive quantification of 1-NN, 2-NF, and 1-NP at detection limits of 0.59, 0.51, and 0.31 μg/kg, respectively, which is at least 10 times lower than those of the existing analytical methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kailin Deng
- †Environmental Science Programs and ‡Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Tin-Yan Wong
- †Environmental Science Programs and ‡Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinan Wang
- †Environmental Science Programs and ‡Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Elvis M K Leung
- †Environmental Science Programs and ‡Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Wan Chan
- †Environmental Science Programs and ‡Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
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Kirouac KN, Basu AK, Ling H. Structural mechanism of replication stalling on a bulky amino-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon DNA adduct by a y family DNA polymerase. J Mol Biol 2013; 425:4167-76. [PMID: 23876706 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2013.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Revised: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 07/13/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their nitro derivatives are culprits of the detrimental health effects of environmental pollution. These hydrophobic compounds metabolize to reactive species and attach to DNA producing bulky lesions, such as N-[deoxyguanosine-8-yl]-1-aminopyrene (APG), in genomic DNA. The bulky adducts block DNA replication by high-fidelity polymerases and compromise replication fidelities and efficiencies by specialized lesion bypass polymerases. Here we present three crystal structures of the DNA polymerase Dpo4, a model translesion DNA polymerase of the Y family, in complex with APG-lesion-containing DNA in pre-insertion and extension stages. APG is captured in two conformations in the pre-insertion complex; one is highly exposed to the solvent, whereas the other is harbored in a shallow cleft between the finger and unique Y family little finger domain. In contrast, APG is in a single conformation at the extension stage, in which the pyrene ring is sandwiched between the little finger domain and a base from the turning back single-stranded template strand. Strikingly, a nucleotide intercalates the DNA helix to form a quaternary complex with Dpo4, DNA, and an incoming nucleotide, which stabilizes the distorted DNA structure at the extension stage. The unique APG DNA conformations in Dpo4 inhibit DNA translocation through the polymerase active site for APG bypass. We also modeled an insertion complex that illustrates a solvent-exposed pyrene ring contributing to an unstable insertion state. The structural work combined with our lesion replication assays provides a novel structural mechanism on bypass of DNA adducts containing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon moieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin N Kirouac
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5C1
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