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Toh JYL, Zwe YH, Tan MTH, Gong Z, Li D. Sequential infection of human norovirus and Salmonella enterica resulted in higher mortality and ACOD1/IRG1 upregulation in zebrafish larvae. Microbes Infect 2024; 26:105229. [PMID: 37739029 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2023.105229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Human norovirus (HNoVs) and Salmonella are both very important foodborne pathogens with mixed infection of HNoV and Salmonella reported clinically. With the use of model organism zebrafish (Danio rerio), it was observed that the sequential infection of HNoVs and Salmonella caused lower survival rates (12.5 ± 4.2%) than the single-pathogen infection by Salmonella (31.6 ± 7.3%, P < 0.05) or HNoVs (no mortality observed). Gene expression study with the use of RT-PCR and global transcriptomic analysis revealed that the mortality of zebrafish larvae was very likely due to the harmful inflammatory responses. Specifically, it was noted that the genes encoding aconitate decarboxylase 1 (ACOD1), also known as immunoresponsive gene 1 (IRG1), were significantly upregulated in the sequentially infected zebrafish larvae. The expression of acod1 could lead to mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. The ROS levels were indeed higher in sequentially infected zebrafish larvae than the single-pathogen infected ones (P < 0.05). An immersion treatment of glutathione or citraconate did not affect the microbial loads of HNoVs and Salmonella but significantly reduced the ROS levels and protected the zebrafish larvae by inducing higher survival rates in the sequentially infected zebrafish larvae (P < 0.05). Taken together, this study accumulated new knowledge over the function of ACOD1/IRG1 pathway in infectious diseases, and proposed possible treatment strategies accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jillinda Yi Ling Toh
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ye Htut Zwe
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Malcolm Turk Hsern Tan
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zhiyuan Gong
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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Pires-Afonso Y, Muller A, Grzyb K, Oudin A, Yabo YA, Sousa C, Scafidi A, Poli A, Cosma A, Halder R, Coowar D, Golebiewska A, Skupin A, Niclou SP, Michelucci A. Elucidating tumour-associated microglia/macrophage diversity along glioblastoma progression and under ACOD1 deficiency. Mol Oncol 2022; 16:3167-3191. [PMID: 35838338 PMCID: PMC9441003 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In glioblastoma (GBM), tumour‐associated microglia/macrophages (TAMs) represent the major cell type of the stromal compartment and contribute to tumour immune escape mechanisms. Thus, targeting TAMs is emerging as a promising strategy for immunotherapy. However, TAM heterogeneity and metabolic adaptation along GBM progression represent critical features for the design of effective TAM‐targeted therapies. Here, we comprehensively study the cellular and molecular changes of TAMs in the GL261 GBM mouse model, combining single‐cell RNA‐sequencing with flow cytometry and immunohistological analyses along GBM progression and in the absence of Acod1 (also known as Irg1), a key gene involved in the metabolic reprogramming of macrophages towards an anti‐inflammatory phenotype. Similarly to patients, we identify distinct TAM profiles, mainly based on their ontogeny, that reiterate the idea that microglia‐ and macrophage‐like cells show key transcriptional differences and dynamically adapt along GBM stages. Notably, we uncover decreased antigen‐presenting cell features and immune reactivity in TAMs along tumour progression that are instead enhanced in Acod1‐deficient mice. Overall, our results provide insight into TAM heterogeneity and highlight a novel role for Acod1 in TAM adaptation during GBM progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolanda Pires-Afonso
- Neuro-Immunology Group, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg.,Doctoral School of Science and Technology, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Arnaud Muller
- Quantitative Biology Unit, Bioinformatics Platform, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Kamil Grzyb
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-Belval, Luxembourg
| | - Anaïs Oudin
- NORLUX Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Yahaya A Yabo
- Doctoral School of Science and Technology, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.,NORLUX Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Carole Sousa
- Neuro-Immunology Group, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg.,NORLUX Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Andrea Scafidi
- Neuro-Immunology Group, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg.,Doctoral School of Science and Technology, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Aurélie Poli
- Neuro-Immunology Group, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Antonio Cosma
- Quantitative Biology Unit, National Cytometry Platform, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Rashi Halder
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-Belval, Luxembourg
| | - Djalil Coowar
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-Belval, Luxembourg
| | - Anna Golebiewska
- NORLUX Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Alexander Skupin
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-Belval, Luxembourg.,National Centre for Microscopy and Imaging Research, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, USA
| | - Simone P Niclou
- NORLUX Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg.,KG Jebsen Brain Tumour Research Center, Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Alessandro Michelucci
- Neuro-Immunology Group, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
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