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Zhang F, Geng L, Zhang J, Chen C. Acute stroke and myocardial infarction caused by air embolism during ablation therapy for the left posterior fascicular ventricular tachycardia: A case report. Asian J Surg 2024; 47:2216-2218. [PMID: 38302354 DOI: 10.1016/j.asjsur.2024.01.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Fang Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, 071000, PR China
| | - Lu Geng
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, PR China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, 071000, PR China
| | - Chunhong Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, 071000, PR China.
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2
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Ricciardella F, Mannetta G, Caruso V, Cocco G, Mantini C, Piccirilli E, Caulo M, Delli Pizzi A. Air embolism as a rare complication of lung biopsy: A case report. Radiol Case Rep 2024; 19:1547-1551. [PMID: 38317699 PMCID: PMC10839755 DOI: 10.1016/j.radcr.2024.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Lung biopsy is an important interventional radiology procedure allowing the characterization of lesions with suspected malignancy. The most frequent complications are pneumothorax and hemorrhage. Air embolism is a rare but potentially fatal occurrence. In this case report, we present an air embolism after core needle CT-guided biopsy showing CT and MRI features that radiologists should expect in the everyday clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Ricciardella
- Department of Radiology, SS. Annunziata Hospital, “G. d'Annunzio” University, Chieti, Via dei Vestini, Chieti, Italy
| | - Gianluca Mannetta
- Department of Radiology, SS. Annunziata Hospital, “G. d'Annunzio” University, Chieti, Via dei Vestini, Chieti, Italy
| | - Valentina Caruso
- Department of Radiology, SS. Annunziata Hospital, “G. d'Annunzio” University, Chieti, Via dei Vestini, Chieti, Italy
| | - Giulio Cocco
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, “G. d'Annunzio” University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Cesare Mantini
- Department of Radiology, SS. Annunziata Hospital, “G. d'Annunzio” University, Chieti, Via dei Vestini, Chieti, Italy
| | - Eleonora Piccirilli
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, “G. d'Annunzio” University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Massimo Caulo
- Department of Radiology, SS. Annunziata Hospital, “G. d'Annunzio” University, Chieti, Via dei Vestini, Chieti, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, “G. d'Annunzio” University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Andrea Delli Pizzi
- Department of Radiology, SS. Annunziata Hospital, “G. d'Annunzio” University, Chieti, Via dei Vestini, Chieti, Italy
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Odontoiatry, “G. d'Annunzio” University, Chieti, Italy
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Tantisarasart T, Tantichamnankul T, Kitsiripant C, Choochuen P. Venous air emboli during esophagoscopy confirmed by computed tomographic pulmonary angiography -a case report. Korean J Anesthesiol 2024; 77:278-281. [PMID: 38029795 PMCID: PMC10982525 DOI: 10.4097/kja.23722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) is vital for the diagnosis and treatment of various gastrointestinal conditions but carries a low risk of venous air embolism (VAE). We report a case of VAE during EGD, confirmed by computed tomographic pulmonary angiography (CTPA). CASE A 56-year-old male with a history of hypopharyngeal cancer underwent EGD for dysphagia-related esophageal dilation. Signs of VAE were noted, prompting swift interventions, including oxygen therapy, positional changes, and CTPA. CTPA revealed the Mercedes-Benz sign, pneumomediastinum, and a minimal pneumothorax. The patient's oxygen saturation improved within 30 min before undergoing CTPA, and he was discharged on postoperative day 4. CONCLUSIONS Timely recognition of VAE, resulting in appropriate interventions supported by CTPA, resulted in favorable patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Panjai Choochuen
- Department of Radiology, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
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4
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Tsushima R, Mori K, Imaki S. Secondary deterioration in a patient with cerebral and coronary arterial gas embolism after brief symptom resolution: a case report. Diving Hyperb Med 2024; 54:61-64. [PMID: 38507911 DOI: 10.28920/dhm54.1.61-64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Hyperbaric oxygen treatment (HBOT) is recommended for arterial gas embolism (AGE) with severe symptoms. However, once symptoms subside, there may be a dilemma to treat or not. Case presentation A 71-year-old man was noted to have a mass shadow in his left lung, and a transbronchial biopsy was performed with sedation. Flumazenil was intravenously administered at the end of the procedure. However, the patient remained comatose and developed bradycardia, hypotension, and ST-segment elevation in lead II. Although the ST changes spontaneously resolved, the patient had prolonged disorientation. Whole- body computed tomography revealed several black rounded lucencies in the left ventricle and brain, confirming AGE. The patient received oxygen and remained supine. His neurological symptoms gradually improved but worsened again, necessitating HBOT. HBOT was performed seven times, after which neurological symptoms resolved almost completely. Conclusions AGE can secondarily deteriorate after symptoms have subsided. We recommend that HBOT be performed promptly once severe symptoms appear, even if they resolve spontaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Tsushima
- Yokohama Municipal Citizen's Hospital 1-1, Mitsuzawanishi-chou, Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama-city, Kanagawa-ken 221-0855, Japan
- Corresponding author: Dr Ryota Tsushima, Yokohama Municipal Citizen's Hospital 1-1, Mitsuzawanishi-chou, Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama-city, Kanagawa-ken 221-0855, Japan,
| | - Kosuke Mori
- Yokohama Minami Kyosai Hospital 1-21-1, Mutsurahigashi, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama- city, Kanagawa-ken 236-0037, Japan
| | - Shohei Imaki
- Yokohama Municipal Citizen's Hospital 1-1, Mitsuzawanishi-chou, Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama-city, Kanagawa-ken 221-0855, Japan
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5
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Lu H, Yu J, Sun H, Yan S. Acute Coronary Artery Air Embolism Complicating a CT-guided percutaneous lung biopsy: A case report. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27914. [PMID: 38509877 PMCID: PMC10950704 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Systemic air embolism is a fatal complication of computed tomography-guided percutaneous lung biopsy. Here, we report a case of acute coronary artery air embolism following computed tomography (CT) guided percutaneous lung biopsy. The patient exhibited cardiac symptoms, and CT showed air density in left ventricle and aorta, indicating air embolism. Trendelenburg positioning and coronary angiography were performed during the treatment, and the patient was discharged without obvious complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haotian Lu
- China-Japan Friendship Hospital (Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, China
| | - Jieqiong Yu
- Department of Emergency, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, China
| | - Hongliang Sun
- Department of Radiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, China
| | - Shengtao Yan
- Department of Emergency, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, China
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Popat A, Yadav S. Air Embolism-Induced Ischemic Stroke Following Orthognathic Surgery in a Patient With Goldenhar Syndrome. Clin Med Res 2024; 22:44-48. [PMID: 38609140 DOI: 10.3121/cmr.2024.1882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Goldenhar syndrome, a rare congenital anomaly, manifests as craniofacial malformations often necessitating intricate surgical interventions. These procedures, though crucial, can expose patients to diverse postoperative complications, including hemorrhage or infection. A noteworthy complication is stroke, potentially linked to air embolism or local surgical trauma. We highlight a case of a male patient, aged 20 years, who experienced a significant postoperative complication of an ischemic stroke, theorized to be due to an air embolism, after undergoing orthognathic procedures for Goldenhar syndrome. The patient was subjected to LeFort I maxillary osteotomy, bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy of the mandible, and anterior iliac crest bone grafting to the right maxilla. He suffered an acute ischemic stroke in the left thalamus post-surgery, theorized to stem from an air embolism. Advanced imaging demonstrated air pockets within the cavernous sinus, a rare and concerning finding suggestive of potential air embolism. This case underscores the intricate challenges in treating Goldenhar syndrome patients and the rare but significant risk of stroke due to air embolism or surgical trauma. Limited literature on managing air embolism complications specific to Goldenhar syndrome surgeries exists. Generally, management includes immediate recognition, positional adjustments, air aspiration via central venous catheters, hyperbaric oxygen therapy, hemodynamic support, and high-flow oxygen administration to expedite air resorption. Our patient was conservatively managed post-surgery, and at a 3-month neurology follow-up, he showed significant improvement with only residual right arm weakness. It emphasizes the imperative of a comprehensive, multidisciplinary approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apurva Popat
- Marshfield Clinic Health System, Internal Medicine, Marshfield, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Sweta Yadav
- GMERS Medical College, Internal Medicine, Ahmedabad, Ahmedabad, India
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Laasri K, Naggar A, Marrakchi S, El-aoufir O, Laamrani FZ, Jroundi L. An unexpected complication: Air embolism during contrast-enhanced computed tomography. Radiol Case Rep 2024; 19:953-955. [PMID: 38204934 PMCID: PMC10776910 DOI: 10.1016/j.radcr.2023.11.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Air embolism is often an iatrogenic complication that may occur in venous or arterial circulation depending on the port of entry. We present a case of a 40-year-old female who had a venous air embolism in the pulmonary artery as a consequence of the injection of a contrast agent. She experienced dyspnea and chest pain following a contrast-enhanced chest computed tomography imaging. She was successfully treated and discharged from our hospital. Early detection of this clinical condition is essential to prevent morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadija Laasri
- Department of Emergency Radiology, Ibn Sina University Hospital, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Amine Naggar
- Department of Emergency Radiology, Ibn Sina University Hospital, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Salma Marrakchi
- Department of Emergency Radiology, Ibn Sina University Hospital, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Omar El-aoufir
- Department of Emergency Radiology, Ibn Sina University Hospital, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Fatima Zahra Laamrani
- Department of Emergency Radiology, Ibn Sina University Hospital, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Laila Jroundi
- Department of Emergency Radiology, Ibn Sina University Hospital, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
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8
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Sinclair De Frías J, Olivero L, Fleissner Z, Burns J, Chadha R, Moreno Franco P. Intraoperative vascular air embolism and intracardiac thrombosis complicating liver transplantation: a case report. J Med Case Rep 2024; 18:59. [PMID: 38368412 PMCID: PMC10874554 DOI: 10.1186/s13256-024-04376-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intracardiac thrombus and vascular air embolism represent rare complications in the context of orthotopic liver transplantation. While isolated reports exist for intracardiac thrombus and vascular air embolism during orthotopic liver transplantation, this report presents the first documentation of their simultaneous occurrence in this surgical setting. CASE PRESENTATION This case report outlines the clinical course of a 60-year-old white female patient with end-stage liver disease complicated by portal hypertension, ascites, and hepatocellular carcinoma. The patient underwent orthotopic liver transplantation and encountered concurrent intraoperative complications involving intracardiac thrombus and vascular air embolism. Transesophageal echocardiography revealed the presence of air in the left ventricle and a thrombus in the right atrium and ventricle. Successful management ensued, incorporating hemodynamic support, anticoagulation, and thrombolytic therapy, culminating in the patient's discharge after a week. CONCLUSIONS This report highlights the potential for simultaneous intraoperative complications during orthotopic liver transplantation, manifesting at any phase of the surgery. It underscores the critical importance of vigilant monitoring throughout orthotopic liver transplantation to promptly identify and effectively address these rare yet potentially catastrophic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lorenzo Olivero
- Department of Critical Care, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | | | - Justin Burns
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Ryan Chadha
- Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Pablo Moreno Franco
- Department of Critical Care, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL, USA.
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Zheng P, Zhang N, Chen Z. Pulmonary abscess combined with pulmonary vein thrombosis and stroke: A case report. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2024; 33:107461. [PMID: 38000110 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2023.107461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although most stroke patients have underlying vascular risk factors, it is important to consider infectious causes of stroke in young adults without traditional risk factors or patients with cryptogenic stroke. Pulmonary vein thrombosis and air embolism can potentially cause cerebral infarction. However, the association between infection and pulmonary vein thrombosis or air embolism is often overlooked. In this case, we present a rare infectious cause of stroke and air embolism involving a pulmonary abscess and pulmonary vein thrombosis. CASE PRESENTATION A 37-year-old male patient initially presented with right-sided pneumonia. During treatment at a local hospital, he developed headaches and left limb weakness. Subsequently, he was transferred to our hospital due to septic shock. Neurological evaluations revealed multiple brain foci and thrombosis in the right superior pulmonary vein. Following treatment with broad-spectrum antibiotics and anticoagulants, the patient's clinical symptoms and inflammatory markers showed improvement. However, a computed tomography scan revealed the formation of a pulmonary abscess, and the patient experienced coma and epilepsy after severe coughing with massive hemoptysis. Multiple air embolisms were observed in the brain computed tomography. Eventually, the patient's family chose to discharge him from the hospital. CONCLUSIONS This case highlights the rare and complex etiologies of stroke associated with infection in a young patient. Early detection, diagnosis, and appropriate treatment of infected systemic embolism in young patients are crucial to prevent serious complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingping Zheng
- Department of Emergency, The Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, College of Medicine, Westlake University, No. 261 Huansha Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310006, PR China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, College of Medicine, Westlake University, No. 261 Huansha Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310006, PR China
| | - Zixi Chen
- Department of Emergency, The Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, College of Medicine, Westlake University, No. 261 Huansha Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310006, PR China.
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10
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Wang B, Zhou Y, Ya X, Kong Z. A rare case of craniocerebral trauma-induced cerebral air embolism. Asian J Surg 2024; 47:767-768. [PMID: 37879992 DOI: 10.1016/j.asjsur.2023.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bing Wang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 467 Zhong Shan Road, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of DaLian Medical University, DaLian City, China
| | - Xinwei Ya
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 467 Zhong Shan Road, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Zixuan Kong
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 467 Zhong Shan Road, Dalian, 116023, China.
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11
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Qiao Z, Zhao L, Xu B, Zou Z, Cheng F, Zhou Z, Xie Y, Pu J. Pulmonary vein perforation into the respiratory tract with systemic air embolism: a rare complication of left atrial appendage closure. BMC Pulm Med 2023; 23:362. [PMID: 37770875 PMCID: PMC10536724 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-023-02634-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary vein perforation is an uncommon complication during cardiac intervention. We present a rare case of pulmonary vein perforation into the respiratory tract with systemic air embolism during left atrial appendage closure (LAAC). CASE PRESENTATION A 77-year-old man with persistent nonvalvular atrial fibrillation was referred for percutaneous LAAC under local anaesthesia (CHA2DS2-VASc score of 4, HAS-BLED score of 3, and prior ischaemic stroke). During the procedure, after delivering a super-stiff guidewire into the left superior pulmonary vein (LSPV), the patient suddenly developed a severe cough with haemoptysis upon advancement of a delivery sheath along the guidewire. Fluoroscopy showed signs of blood entering the left main bronchus, and fast transthoracic echocardiography revealed bubbles in the left heart without pericardial effusion. The procedure was terminated because of a major complication indicated by the repeated haemoptysis and headache, and haemostatic drugs were immediately administered. Subsequent chest computed tomography angiography (CTA) revealed a filling defect in the LSPV branches and bubbles in the aorta. The patient was transferred to the critical care unit for haemostasis and antibacterial treatment. Transthoracic echocardiography later that day showed no bubbles in the heart. The headache and haemoptysis significantly abated the following day. The bubbles in the aorta disappeared on chest CTA 7 days later. CONCLUSIONS Interventional cardiologists should pay attention to anatomical variations of the pulmonary vein, which are associated with a high risk of complications of pulmonary vein perforation during LAAC. Preoperative CTA examination and intraoperative transoesophageal echocardiography might be helpful to avoid this complication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqing Qiao
- Department of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 160 Pu Jian Road, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Liang Zhao
- Department of Radiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 160 Pu Jian Road, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Bin Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 160 Pu Jian Road, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Zhiguo Zou
- Department of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 160 Pu Jian Road, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Fuyu Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 160 Pu Jian Road, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Zien Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 160 Pu Jian Road, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Yuquan Xie
- Department of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 160 Pu Jian Road, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Jun Pu
- Department of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 160 Pu Jian Road, Shanghai, 200127, China.
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Gummerson CE, Parasram M, Peng TJ, Picard JM, Kahn PA, Angelus E, Bhatt S, de Havenon A, Jasne AS, Magid-Bernstein J. Acute and subacute neurovascular impact of cryptogenic air emboli. Surg Neurol Int 2023; 14:285. [PMID: 37680929 PMCID: PMC10481802 DOI: 10.25259/sni_382_2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cerebral air embolism is a rare cause of acute ischemic stroke that is becoming increasingly well-described in the literature. However, the mechanism and severity of this type of injury can vary, with ischemia typically emerging early in the course of care. To the best of our knowledge, delayed ischemia in this setting has not yet been described. Case Description A stroke code was called for an unresponsive, hospitalized, 75-year-old man. A computerized tomography (CT) scan of the head revealed air within the right greater than left hemispheric cortical veins with loss of sulcation, concerning for developing ischemia, and CT angiography revealed absent opacification of the distal cortical vessels in the right anterior cerebral artery and middle cerebral artery territories. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain was obtained 5.75 h after the patient's last known well-showed small areas of subtle cortical diffusion restriction. Follow-up CT head within 24 h showed near-complete resolution of the air emboli after treatment with 100% fraction of inspired oxygen on mechanical ventilation. Subsequent MRI, performed 4 days after the initial event, showed extensive cortical diffusion restriction and cerebral edema crossing vascular territories. Conclusion This case highlights that cerebral air emboli can cause delayed ischemia that may not be appreciated on initial imaging. As such, affected patients may require intensive neurocritical care management, close neurologic monitoring, and repeat imaging irrespective of initial radiographic findings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Melvin Parasram
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
| | - Teng J. Peng
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
| | - John M. Picard
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
| | - Peter A. Kahn
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Section, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
| | - Evan Angelus
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
| | - Shivani Bhatt
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
| | - Adam de Havenon
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
| | - Adam S. Jasne
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
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13
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Fakkert RA, Karlas N, Schober P, Weber NC, Preckel B, van Hulst RA, Weenink RP. Early hyperbaric oxygen therapy is associated with favorable outcome in patients with iatrogenic cerebral arterial gas embolism: systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis of observational studies. Crit Care 2023; 27:282. [PMID: 37434172 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-023-04563-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Iatrogenic cerebral arterial gas embolism (CAGE) caused by invasive medical procedures may be treated with hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT). Previous studies suggested that initiation of HBOT within 6-8 h is associated with higher probability of favorable outcome, when compared to time-to-HBOT beyond 8 h. We performed a group level and individual patient level meta-analysis of observational studies, to evaluate the relationship between time-to-HBOT and outcome after iatrogenic CAGE. METHODS We systematically searched for studies reporting on time-to-HBOT and outcome in patients with iatrogenic CAGE. On group level, we meta-analyzed the differences between median time-to-HBOT in patients with favorable versus unfavorable outcome. On individual patient level, we analyzed the relationship between time-to-HBOT and probability of favorable outcome in a generalized linear mixed effects model. RESULTS Group level meta-analysis (ten studies, 263 patients) shows that patients with favorable outcome were treated with HBOT 2.4 h (95% CI 0.6-9.7) earlier than patients with unfavorable outcome. The generalized linear mixed effects model (eight studies, 126 patients) shows a significant relationship between time-to-HBOT and probability of favorable outcome (p = 0.013) that remains significant after correcting for severity of manifestations (p = 0.041). Probability of favorable outcome decreases from approximately 65% when HBOT is started immediately, to 30% when HBOT is delayed for 15 h. CONCLUSIONS Increased time-to-HBOT is associated with decreased probability of favorable outcome in iatrogenic CAGE. This suggests that early initiation of HBOT in iatrogenic CAGE is of vital importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raoul A Fakkert
- Department of Anesthesiology, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Hyperbaric Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Noa Karlas
- Hyperbaric Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick Schober
- Department of Anesthesiology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nina C Weber
- Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesiology, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Benedikt Preckel
- Department of Anesthesiology, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robert A van Hulst
- Department of Anesthesiology, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Hyperbaric Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robert P Weenink
- Department of Anesthesiology, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Hyperbaric Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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14
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Moy-Trigilio KE, Keene BW, Barker P, Adin D. Myocardial Enhancement Following Agitated Saline Contrast Study in a Boxer Dog. CASE (Phila) 2023; 7:292-294. [PMID: 37546359 PMCID: PMC10403648 DOI: 10.1016/j.case.2023.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
•Myocardial enhancement after agitated saline contrast study in a dog is described. •Suspect air microemboli can inadvertently be introduced into coronary vasculature. •Air microemboli are a theoretic risk of saline contrast echocardiography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen E. Moy-Trigilio
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Bruce W. Keene
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Piers Barker
- Duke Pediatric and Congenital Heart Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Darcy Adin
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
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15
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Zhang H, Wang S, Zhong F, Liao M. Risk factors for air embolism following computed tomography-guided percutaneous transthoracic needle biopsy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Diagn Interv Radiol 2023; 29:478-491. [PMID: 36994842 PMCID: PMC10679610 DOI: 10.4274/dir.2022.221187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
To quantitatively analyze the risk factors for air embolism following computed tomography (CT)-guided percutaneous transthoracic needle biopsy (PTNB) and qualitatively review their characteristics. The databases of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Wanfang Data, VIP information, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure were searched on January 4, 2021, for studies reporting the occurrence of air embolisms following CT-guided PTNB. After study selection, data extraction, and quality assessment, the characteristics of the included cases were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed. A total of 154 cases of air embolism following CT-guided PTNB were reported. The reported incidence was 0.06% to 4.80%, and 35 (22.73%) patients were asymptomatic. An unconscious or unresponsive state was the most common symptom (29.87%). Air was most commonly found in the left ventricle (44.81%), and 104 (67.53%) patients recovered without sequelae. Air location (P < 0.001), emphysema (P = 0.061), and cough (P = 0.076) were associated with clinical symptoms. Air location (P = 0.015) and symptoms (P < 0.001) were significantly associated with prognosis. Lesion location [odds ratio (OR): 1.85, P = 0.017], lesion subtype (OR: 3.78, P = 0.01), pneumothorax (OR: 2.16, P = 0.003), hemorrhage (OR: 3.20, P < 0.001), and lesions located above the left atrium (OR: 4.35, P = 0.042) were significant risk factors for air embolism. Based on the current evidence, a subsolid lesion, being located in the lower lobe, the presence of pneumothorax or hemorrhage, and lesions located above the left atrium were significant risk factors for air embolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanfei Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shan Wang
- Department of Radiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Feiyang Zhong
- Department of Radiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Meiyan Liao
- Department of Radiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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16
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Basta M, Schwartz S. Air embolism case report. CAN J EMERG MED 2023; 25:445-447. [PMID: 37142857 DOI: 10.1007/s43678-023-00506-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Moheb Basta
- Emergency Physician, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Sarah Schwartz
- Emergency Medicine Resident, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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17
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Welle GA, Chetram DK, Bryde RE, Bennett CE, Wiley BM. Transthoracic Echocardiography-Assisted Identification of Coronary Air Embolism During Coronary Angiography. CASE 2023; 7:181-184. [PMID: 37325465 PMCID: PMC10264198 DOI: 10.1016/j.case.2022.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Garrett A Welle
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | | | - Robyn E Bryde
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Courtney E Bennett
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Brandon M Wiley
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, LAC+USC Medical Center, Los Angeles, California; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California
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18
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Kueffer T, Madaffari A, Thalmann G, Mühl A, Galuszka O, Baldinger S, Seiler J, Tanner H, Kobza R, Roten L, Berte B, Reichlin T. Eliminating transseptal sheath exchange for pulsed field ablation procedures using a direct over-the-needle transseptal access with the Faradrive sheath. Europace 2023; 25:1500-1502. [PMID: 36892147 PMCID: PMC10105838 DOI: 10.1093/europace/euad060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Pulsed field ablation (PFA) for pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) combines the benefits of high procedural efficacy and safety. Transseptal puncture (TSP) to obtain left atrial (LA) access during PVI remains an important source of complications during LA procedures. For PFA procedures, TSP is generally performed using a standard transseptal sheath that is then exchanged over the wire for a dedicated PFA sheath, which might be a potential source for air embolism. We aimed to prospectively evaluate the feasibility and safety of a simplified workflow using the PFA sheath (Faradrive, Boston Scientific) directly for TSP. METHODS AND RESULTS We prospectively enrolled 100 patients undergoing PVI using PFA at two centres. TSP was performed using the PFA sheath and a standard 98 cm transseptal needle under fluoroscopic guidance. TSP via the PFA sheath was successfully performed in all patients and no complications occurred. The median time from the first groin puncture to the completed LA access was 12 min (IQR 8-16 min). CONCLUSION An over-the-needle TSP directly with the PFA sheath proved feasible and safe in our study. This simplified workflow has the potential to reduce the risk of air embolism, to shorten procedure time, and to reduce cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Kueffer
- Department of Cardiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 10, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Antonio Madaffari
- Department of Cardiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 10, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Gregor Thalmann
- Department of Cardiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 10, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Aline Mühl
- Department of Cardiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 10, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Oskar Galuszka
- Department of Cardiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 10, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland.,Heart Center Lucerne, Luzerner Kantonsspital, Lucerne, Switzerland
| | - Samuel Baldinger
- Department of Cardiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 10, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jens Seiler
- Department of Cardiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 10, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Hildegard Tanner
- Department of Cardiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 10, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Richard Kobza
- Heart Center Lucerne, Luzerner Kantonsspital, Lucerne, Switzerland
| | - Laurent Roten
- Department of Cardiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 10, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin Berte
- Heart Center Lucerne, Luzerner Kantonsspital, Lucerne, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Reichlin
- Department of Cardiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 10, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland
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19
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Brown AE, Rabinstein AA, Braksick SA. Clinical Characteristics, Imaging Findings, and Outcomes of Cerebral Air Embolism. Neurocrit Care 2023; 38:158-164. [PMID: 36627433 DOI: 10.1007/s12028-022-01664-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arterial cerebral air embolism (CAE) is an uncommon but potentially catastrophic event. Patients can present with focal neurologic deficits, seizures, or coma. They may be treated with hyperbaric oxygen therapy. We review the causes, radiographic and clinical characteristics, and outcomes of patients with CAE. METHODS We performed a retrospective chart review via an existing institutional database at Mayo Clinic to identify patients with arterial CAE. Demographic data, clinical characteristics, and diagnostic studies were extracted and classified on predefined criteria of diagnostic confidence, and descriptive and univariate analysis was completed. RESULTS Fifteen patients met criteria for inclusion in our study. Most presented with focal deficits (80%) and/or coma (53%). Seven patients (47%) had seizures, including status epilepticus in one (7%). Five presented with increased muscle tone at the time of the event (33%). Computed tomography (CT) imaging was insensitive for the detection of CAE, only identifying free air in 4 of 13 who underwent this study. When obtained, magnetic resonance imaging typically showed multifocal areas of restricted diffusion. Six patients (40%) were treated with hyperbaric oxygen therapy. Age, Glasgow Coma Scale score at nadir, and use of hyperbaric oxygen therapy were not associated with functional outcome at 1 year in our cohort. Twenty-six percent of patients had a modified Rankin scale score of 0 one year after the event, and functional improvement over time was common after discharge. CONCLUSIONS A high index of clinical suspicion is needed to identify patients with CAE because of low sensitivity of free air on CT imaging and nonspecific clinical presentation. Acute alteration of consciousness, seizures, and focal signs occur frequently. Because improvement over time is possible even among patients with severe presentation, early prognostication should be approached with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew E Brown
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
| | | | - Sherri A Braksick
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
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20
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Dabas SK, Ranjan R, Shukla H, Gurung B, Kumar A, Menon NN, Tiwari S, Padihari R. Technical and anatomic considerations of skin flap elevation in bilateral axillo-breast insufflation robotic-assisted neck dissection. J Robot Surg 2023. [PMID: 36637736 DOI: 10.1007/s11701-023-01536-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
We have divided the chest and neck flap elevation for neck dissection into four steps. The flaps are divided into three zones corresponding to the vascular structures, which can be injured in this area. Our modifications outline safe techniques of flap elevation for robotic neck dissection.
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21
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Roman A, Tufegdzic B, Lamperti M, Pinto V, Roser F. Before the Knife: A Detailed Step-by-Step Description of an Optimized Semi-Sitting Position in Posterior Fossa Surgery. World Neurosurg 2023:S1878-8750(23)00008-6. [PMID: 36608791 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2022.12.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In an ample armamentarium in neurosurgery, the semi-sitting position has produced debate regarding its benefits and risks. Although the position is apparently intuitive, many have abandoned its use since its initial inception, because of reported complexity and potential complications, leading to impracticality. However, through standardization, it has been shown not only to be safe but to carry with it many advantages, including less risk of secondary neurovascular injuries and better visualization of the surgical field. As with any surgical technical nuance, the semi-sitting position has advantages and disadvantages that must be weighed before the decision is made to adopt it or not, not only in a case-by-case scenario but also from a departmental standpoint. As we attempt to show, the advantages from a standardized approach for the semi-sitting position in experienced institutions may be more than sufficient to significantly outweigh the disadvantages, making it the preferable option for most, although not all, posterior fossa surgical interventions. METHODS In the present study, we aim to elaborate a straightforward narrative of the steps before incision, in an attempt to simplify the complexity of the position, alleviating its disadvantages and exponentially concentrating on its benefits. In nearly 100 steps, we carefully describe the points that culminate with the skin incision, initiating the intraoperative part of the procedure. Each step, therefore, is detailed in full, not in an effort to create a strict manual of the semi-sitting position but rather to facilitate understanding and put the technique into effect in a real-life scenario, thus simplifying what some depict as complex and time consuming. CONCLUSIONS Although several of the steps described are also relevant and integral parts of other surgical positioning, we intend to create a protocol, in a stepwise fashion, to allow facilitated following, to be easily implemented in departments with different levels of experience. The steps comprise nursing care through to electrophysiologic and anesthesiologic approaches, along with neurosurgical cooperation, making it a team approach, not only to avoid position-related complications but also to optimize preoperative standardization, constructing a safe, efficient, and patient-centered scenario, to set the best possible stage for the next step: the intraoperative part of the intervention.
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22
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Abu-Abaa M, Dawood G, Arshad H, Mousa A, Jumaah O. Acute Ischaemic Stroke by a Different Mechanism. Eur J Case Rep Intern Med 2022; 9:003618. [PMID: 36415843 PMCID: PMC9678117 DOI: 10.12890/2022_003618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Central venous lines are often inserted but their removal requires some precautions. We describe a 51-year-old female patient who was due for discharge but had an unfortunate event arising from removal of her central venous line even though the appropriate measures had been taken. She experienced an acute ischaemic stroke secondary to air embolism. The deficits persisted even though extensive efforts were made to reverse them. This case reminds clinicians that bedside procedures can result in devastating complications even if all precautions have been followed. We review the mechanisms of air embolism, provide suggestions to limit its incidence following central line removal, and recommend therapeutic measures. LEARNING POINTS Precautions should be taken when removing a central venous line to reduce the risk of air embolism.Air embolism can manifest with acute stroke.Acute stroke in this setting requires hyperbaric oxygen therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Abu-Abaa
- Internal Medicine, Capital Health Regional Medical Center, Trenton, NJ, USA
| | - Ghassan Dawood
- Internal Medicine, Capital Health Regional Medical Center, Trenton, NJ, USA
| | - Hassaan Arshad
- Internal Medicine, Capital Health Regional Medical Center, Trenton, NJ, USA
| | - Aliaa Mousa
- Internal Medicine, Capital Health Regional Medical Center, Trenton, NJ, USA
| | - Omar Jumaah
- Internal Medicine, Capital Health Regional Medical Center, Trenton, NJ, USA
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23
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Nakama R, Arai Y, Horii T, Kobayashi T. Air Embolism with Electrocardiogram Abnormality after Lung Biopsy. Intern Med 2022; 62:1383-1384. [PMID: 36198592 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.0292-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rakuhei Nakama
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Japan
| | - Yasunori Arai
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Horii
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Japan
| | - Tatsushi Kobayashi
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Japan
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24
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Ruiz de Santaquiteria Torres V, Palomo López R, Rubio Arroyo M, Alemán Mahecha NF, De La Lastra Iglesias MA, Agurto Rivera SN, Silva Obregón JA. Carbon Monoxide poisoning and Air Embolism following Hysteroscopic Myomectomy: a case report. J Gynecol Obstet Hum Reprod 2022; 51:102431. [PMID: 35718331 DOI: 10.1016/j.jogoh.2022.102431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Uterine myomas are the most common benign uterine tumors. Hysteroscopic myomectomy has grown as a standard minimally invasive surgical procedure, but this technique is not free from complications. CASE An hysteroscopic myomectomy was performed on a 38 years-old woman. During the awakening after the procedure, she presented focal neurological deficits, thus arterial blood gas test and total body computerized tomography (CT) scan were urgently carried out. They revealed a very high carboxyhemoglobin level and abdominal venous air embolism. The patient stayed in Trendelenburg position and under mechanical ventilation with 100% oxygen concentration. Fortunately, a few hours later she was fully awake and was able to be successfully extubated, being discharged to the surgical ward three days later fully recovered. CONCLUSION Carbon monoxide poisoning during hysteroscopic resection is a rare but potentially fatal complication that anesthetists, gynecologists, and critical care physicians should be aware of.
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25
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Yap SC, Bhagwandien RE, Szili-Torok T. Use of a novel integrated dilator-needle system in cryoballoon procedures: a zero-exchange approach. J Interv Card Electrophysiol 2022. [PMID: 35799029 DOI: 10.1007/s10840-022-01294-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, a novel integrated dilator-needle system (AcQCross Qx, Acutus Medical) was introduced to reduce the number of exchanges for a transseptal access. This system can be used in combination with large bore sheaths. In this pilot study, we evaluated the safety and efficacy of a zero-exchange approach with the AcQCross system in cryoballoon procedures. METHODS In this retrospective single-center study, we included 40 patients (AcQCross: n = 20; control group: n = 20) who underwent a cryoballoon procedure for the treatment of atrial fibrillation. In the AcQCross and control group, patients underwent ablation with POLARx (Boston Scientific) and Arctic Front Advance Pro (AFA-Pro, Medtronic) in equal numbers (n = 10). In the AcQCross group, the AcQGuide Max sheath (Acutus Medical) was used in all POLARx cases. RESULTS The baseline characteristics of the study population were comparable between groups. In the AcQCross group, there was a reduction in procedure time (49.7 ± 9.0 min vs. 59.6 ± 8.1 min, P < 0.001) and time from puncture until balloon delivery (15.5 ± 6.8 min vs. 21.5 ± 7.4 min, P = 0.01) in comparison with the control group. The balloon in body time, fluoroscopy time, number of cryoapplications, and biophysical parameters were similar between groups. There was one temporary phrenic nerve injury in the AcQCross group. Importantly, no signs of air embolism were noted with the AcQGuide Max sheath. CONCLUSIONS The use of the novel AcQCross system improves procedural efficacy in cryoballoon procedures by reducing the number of exchanges.
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26
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Ruiz Avila HA, García-Araque HF, Acosta-Gutiérrez E. Paradoxical venous air embolism detected with point-of-care ultrasound: a case report. Ultrasound J 2022; 14:19. [PMID: 35583704 PMCID: PMC9116074 DOI: 10.1186/s13089-022-00265-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Venous air embolism (VAE) is an uncommon event consistent in the entrainment of air from any communication between the environment and the venous vasculature that could occur during central venous catheter (CVC) manipulation, and might trigger circulatory shock within minutes depending on the amount of air embolized. We present a case of a critical care patient who presented sudden clinical hemodynamic deterioration after the removal of central venous catheter. Hemodynamic evaluation with point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) showed bubbles in both right and left heart cavities wherewith air embolism facilitated by heart septal defect was suspected. Therefore, the patient was reintubated, supported with vasopressors and a new CVC was inserted to proceed with air aspiration. Shortly after, the patient’s hemodynamic status improved in terms of vital signs stabilization. 6 h after the event with optimal perfusion markers and diminished sedation, the patient showed left hemiparesis therefore a cerebral magnetic resonance (MRI) was also performed showing hyperintensity in the right precentral gyrus, so ischemic stroke without hemorrhagic transformation diagnosis was made, because of paradoxical embolism. This case report demonstrates the value of POCUS application as a diagnostic tool in the hemodynamically unstable patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hector Andres Ruiz Avila
- Cuidado Crítico, Hospital Universitario Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá D.C, Colombia.,Departamento de Medicina Interna, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia.,Universidad Militar Nueva Granada, Bogotá D.C, Colombia
| | - Hans Fred García-Araque
- Universidad Militar Nueva Granada, Bogotá D.C, Colombia.,Hospital Militar Central, Bogotá D.C, Colombia
| | - Estivalis Acosta-Gutiérrez
- Cuidado Crítico, Hospital Universitario Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá D.C, Colombia. .,Instituto de Investigaciones Clínicas, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia.
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27
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Obeidat N, Al-Omari MH, Shwayyat B. Showering gas bubbles within the inferior vena cava detected sonographically can unmask a hidden infection: a case report of a rare presentation in a patient with emphysematous cystitis. J Ultrasound 2022:10.1007/s40477-022-00673-4. [PMID: 35404042 DOI: 10.1007/s40477-022-00673-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a case of incidentally discovered gas bubbles flowing within the inferior vena cava during a routine abdominal sonographic examination, that subsequently unmasked a previously undiagnosed emphysematous cystitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naser Obeidat
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid, 22110, Jordan.
| | - Mamoon H Al-Omari
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
| | - Batool Shwayyat
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
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28
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Bergau L, Nguyen DQ, Sommer P. [Rare but frequently lethal complication of pulmonary vein isolation]. Herzschrittmacherther Elektrophysiol 2021; 32:463-6. [PMID: 34694460 DOI: 10.1007/s00399-021-00815-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
A 65-year-old patient perceived dysphagia 4 days after uncomplicated pulmonary vein isolation; there were no other symptoms or complaints such as fever or malaise. Despite prophylactic treatment, a severe complication evolved which could be detected in time only by close control, allowing early treatment.
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29
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Jing HD, Li L, Tian JY, Jiang DP. Clostridium septicum-induced gangrene in the right lower extremity complicating pneumatosis in the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery and occlusion of right femoral artery: a case report. BMC Infect Dis 2021; 21:957. [PMID: 34530753 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-021-06653-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gas gangrene is usually manifested as myonecrosis and subcutaneous gas accumulation, but rarely manifested as arterial occlusion or pneumatosis in the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery. CASE PRESENTATION We report a case of gas gangrene caused by Clostridium septicum. The patient developed gas gangrene after being pecked by a chicken but turned for the better following antibiotic treatment and debriment. Imaging test revealed a rare occlusion of the right femoral artery and pneumatosis in the right ventricle and the main pulmonary artery. CONCLUSIONS In the presence of gas gangrene, special care must be taken to prevent against the formation of circulatory air embolism. The gas gangrene-induced gangrene in the limb of this patient might be attributed to the combined action of infection and arterial occlusion. MDT (Multidisciplinary team)-Green Channel mode is conductive to treatment success of gas gangrene.
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30
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Böckers A, Steinhoff S, Scholl T, Kunz SN. [Suicidal gas embolism in hospital]. Rechtsmedizin (Berl) 2021; 32:271-276. [PMID: 34539087 PMCID: PMC8438279 DOI: 10.1007/s00194-021-00528-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Luftembolien sind im klinischen Alltag nach traumatischen oder iatrogenen Ereignissen eine häufig zu beobachtende Entität. Fälle einer in suizidaler Absicht herbeigeführten Luftembolie sind selten. Die Konnektivität von luft- und flüssigkeitsführenden Schlauchsystemen ermöglicht die Zufuhr großer Gasmengen in kurzer Zeit mit häufig tödlichem Ausgang. Der Einsatz einer Computertomographie vor der Obduktion ist in solchen Fällen obligat und ermöglicht eine umfassende Darstellung der zugeführten Gasmengen. Wir präsentieren den ungewöhnlichen Fall einer suizidalen venösen Gaszufuhr mittels eines stationären Sauerstoffgerätes in einem Krankenhaus.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Böckers
- Institut für Rechtsmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Prittwitzstr. 6, 89075 Ulm, Deutschland.,Universität Ulm, Ulm, Deutschland
| | - S Steinhoff
- Radiologie, Bundeswehrkrankenhaus Ulm, Ulm, Deutschland
| | - T Scholl
- Pathologie, Bundeswehrkrankenhaus Ulm, Ulm, Deutschland
| | - Sebastian N Kunz
- Institut für Rechtsmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Prittwitzstr. 6, 89075 Ulm, Deutschland.,Universität Ulm, Ulm, Deutschland
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31
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Tufegdzic B, Lamperti M, Siyam A, Roser F. Air-embolism in the semi-sitting position for craniotomy: A narrative review with emphasis on a single centers experience. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2021; 209:106904. [PMID: 34482115 DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2021.106904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Albeit the semi-sitting position in neurosurgery has been in use for several decades, its application remains controversial in the neurosurgical and neuro-anaesthesia communities. The imminent and most feared risk of the sitting position is air entry into the vascular system due to the negative intravascular pressure leading to potentially life-threatening air embolism with its consequences. Recent advents in neurosurgical (improvement of the operating microscope, employment of intra-operative neurophysiological monitoring) and neuro-anaesthesia care (new anaesthetics, advanced monitoring modalities) have significantly impacted the approach to these surgeries. Vigilant intra-operative observation by an experienced team and peri-operative patient management guided by institutional protocols improves the safety profile of these surgeries. This review outlines the workflow and protocols used in our institution for all cases of semi-sitting position for skull base neurosurgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Tufegdzic
- Anaesthesiology Institute, Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE.
| | - Massimo Lamperti
- Anaesthesiology Institute, Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Amira Siyam
- Anaesthesiology Institute, Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Florian Roser
- Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE
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32
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Hekmatjah N, Escallier K, Singh S. PICC entrapment and air embolism on veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: A case report. J Vasc Access 2021; 24:511-514. [PMID: 34414820 DOI: 10.1177/11297298211039651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is an incredible, life-sustaining intervention for patients suffering from a variety of cardiopulmonary insults. However, its use comes with a unique set of risks and potentially devastating complications, including air entrainment and embolism. We present a case of recurrent air entrainment in a patient on veno-venous ECMO after her peripherally inserted central catheter became entrapped within the lumen of her bi-caval, dual lumen ECMO cannula. We briefly discuss considerations for air embolism on ECMO and recommend general strategies to avoid this potentially catastrophic complication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natan Hekmatjah
- University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Krisztina Escallier
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sumit Singh
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Abstract
Coronary arterial air embolism is an extremely rare but readily recognizable condition on computed tomography (CT) that may complicate a lung biopsy. We present an incidence of symptomatic air embolism into the right coronary artery during a percutaneous CT-guided lung biopsy that was successfully recognized during the procedure and managed accordingly. An active search for this complication should be made when the patient deteriorates on table and the usual complications (pneumothorax, vasovagal shock, etc.) are ruled out, as immediate resuscitative measures could be life-saving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwin Deshmukh
- Department of Radiology, Jaslok Hospital and Research Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Nirav Kadavani
- Department of Radiology, Jaslok Hospital and Research Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ritu Kakkar
- Department of Radiology, Jaslok Hospital and Research Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Shrinivas Desai
- Department of Radiology, Jaslok Hospital and Research Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ganapathi M Bhat
- Department of Medical Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Jaslok Hospital and Research Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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He YP, Liu YL, Gao XL, Wang LH. Cerebral arterial air embolism after endobronchial electrocautery: a case report and review of the literature. BMC Pulm Med 2021; 21:222. [PMID: 34247608 PMCID: PMC8274011 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-021-01580-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Endobronchial electrocautery is a common and safe therapeutic endoscopic treatment for malignant airway obstruction. Cerebral arterial air embolism (CAAE) is a rare but potentially fatal complication of endobronchial electrocautery. Case presentation We present the first case of cerebral arterial air embolism after endobronchial electrocautery. A 56-year-old male with a pulmonary tumour in the right upper lobe received repeated endobronchial electrocautery. During the procedure, he experienced unresponsiveness, hypoxemia and bradycardia, and he developed tetraplegia. Brain computed tomography showed several cerebral arterial air emboli with low-density spots in the right frontal lobe. He received hyperbaric oxygen therapy with almost full recovery, except for residual left-sided weakness. Conclusions General physicians should realize that CAAE may be a possible complication of endobronchial electrocautery. Several measures, including avoiding positive pressure, lowering ventilatory pressures if possible, avoiding advancing the bronchoscope to occlude the bronchus and using the non-contact technique, should be used to prevent this devastating complication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ping He
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Yunfu People's Hospital, Huanshi Dong Lu No.120, Yuncheng DistrictYunfu, 527300, China
| | - Yuan-Ling Liu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Geriatrics Institute, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xing-Lin Gao
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Geriatrics Institute, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li-Hua Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Yunfu People's Hospital, Huanshi Dong Lu No.120, Yuncheng DistrictYunfu, 527300, China.
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35
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Wu T, Wang Q, Zhao M, Zhu Y, Zhang L, Li Y, Li J. Two cases of fatal iatrogenic air embolism confirmed by autopsies. J Forensic Leg Med 2021; 82:102209. [PMID: 34229151 DOI: 10.1016/j.jflm.2021.102209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of air embolism is highly related to medical operations, and air embolism can cause sudden death. Such situations require attention in forensic work. This article reports two cases of iatrogenic air embolism confirmed by autopsy. In case 1, air embolism occurred after hydrogen peroxide was used to irrigate and disinfect a wound on the patient's left forearm. Approximately 90 ml of 3% hydrogen peroxide solution was used in case 1, and this volume can produce approximately 890 ml of oxygen by complete decomposition, which is far more than the average lethal air embolism volume. Attention should be given to the risk of air embolism when using hydrogen peroxide for irrigation and disinfection. In case 2, air embolism occurred during left ureteroscopy and stent placement. Due to inappropriate processing, the normal saline pump infused air into the patient at a high pressure of 120 mmHg. Based on our autopsy findings, we discuss the pathways of arterial air embolism and cerebral air embolism. In addition to the air entrainment volume and accumulation rate, the location of air accumulation also significantly impacts the risk of air embolism. After an arterial air embolus develops into a coronary and/or cerebral air embolus, the lethal air volume drops to only a few milliliters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Wu
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Minzhu Zhao
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yongguo Li
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Jianbo Li
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
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Gey L, Mingaud H, Sahuc P, Esnault P, Dagain A, Joubert C. Cerebral venous sinus air embolism following removal of intracranial pressure monitoring device: About an exceptional and fatal complication. Neurochirurgie 2021; 68:249-251. [PMID: 33989643 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuchi.2021.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L Gey
- Department of Neurology, Sainte Anne Military Hospital, 2, boulevard Sainte-Anne, 83000 Toulon, France
| | - H Mingaud
- Intensive care unit, Sainte Anne Military Hospital, 2, boulevard Sainte-Anne, 83000 Toulon, France
| | - P Sahuc
- Department of Neurology, Sainte Anne Military Hospital, 2, boulevard Sainte-Anne, 83000 Toulon, France
| | - P Esnault
- Intensive care unit, Sainte Anne Military Hospital, 2, boulevard Sainte-Anne, 83000 Toulon, France
| | - A Dagain
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sainte Anne Military Hospital, 2, boulevard Sainte-Anne, 83000 Toulon, France
| | - C Joubert
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sainte Anne Military Hospital, 2, boulevard Sainte-Anne, 83000 Toulon, France.
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37
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Recinos MA, Hsieh J, Mithaiwala H, Mucci JJ, Recinos PF. A rare appearance of the trigeminocardiac reflex during resection of posterior parasagittal meningioma. Surg Neurol Int 2021; 12:183. [PMID: 34084611 PMCID: PMC8168658 DOI: 10.25259/sni_737_2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Although a well-recognized phenomenon of the tentorium and posterior fossa, the trigeminocardiac reflex (TCR) has been rarely reported during surgery involving the posterior falx cerebri. Case Description: We present the case of a 63-year-old woman who underwent repeat resection of an atypical parasagittal meningioma involving the posterior falx. During resection, TCR was repeatedly elicited during manipulation and coagulation of the falx. Air embolism and cardiac etiologies were initially considered while TCR was not suspected, given the location. Ultimately, TCR was recognized when asystole self-resolved upon cessation of stimulus and due to its reproducibility. Conclusion: Awareness by the anesthesiologist and neurosurgeon of the possibility of TCR during falcine procedures can help with rapid identification to avoid a potentially catastrophic outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A Recinos
- Brain Tumor and Neuro-Oncology Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - Jason Hsieh
- Department of Neurological Surgery Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - Hussain Mithaiwala
- Department of Anesthesiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - Joti Juneja Mucci
- Department of Anesthesiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - Pablo F Recinos
- Brain Tumor and Neuro-Oncology Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States.,Department of Neurological Surgery Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
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38
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Branzan D, Geisler A, Steiner S, Lautenschlaeger T, Doss M, Matschuck M, Scheinert D, Schmidt A. Stroke rate after thoracic endovascular aortic repair using de-airing of stentgrafts with high-volume of saline solution. VASA 2021; 50:186-192. [PMID: 33559507 DOI: 10.1024/0301-1526/a000937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Background: Our aim was to determine the rate of ischemic stroke following thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) after reducing gas volume released during stentgraft deployment by de-airing of thoracic stentgrafts with high-volume of 0.9% heparinized saline solution. Patients and methods: A single center retrospective analysis of all consecutive patients undergoing TEVAR from 2014 to 2019 was performed. All thoracic stentgrafts were flushed with 120 ml 0.9% heparinized saline solution before implantation, according to our institutional protocol. Endpoints were in-hospital rates of ischemic stroke and spinal cord ischemia (SCI), and all-cause mortality. Results: One hundred and fifty-four patients (mean age: 66.8 ± 13.6 years, 64.9% males) were treated with TEVAR during the study period. Indications for treatment were thoracic aortic aneurysms (n = 75, 48.7%), acute type B aortic dissections (n = 46, 29.9%), aortic arch aneurysms and penetrating aortic ulcers (n = 28, 18.2%), and blunt traumatic aortic injuries (n = 5, 3.2%). Timing of procedure was urgent in 75 patients (48.7%). Proximal landing zone were zone 0-1-2 (n = 75, 48.7%), zone 3 (n = 66, 42.9%) and zone 4 (n = 13, 8.4%). Supra-aortic vessels were revascularized with custom-made fenestrated stentgrafts in 9 patients (5.8%), using chimney technique in 4 patients (2.6%), and with debranching procedures in 19 patients (12.3%). Left subclavian artery was covered without revascularization in 46 patients (29.9%). In-hospital stroke occurred in two patients (1.3%) and SCI in another two patients (1.3%). In-hospital mortality rate was 0.6%. No further in-hospital events were noted. Conclusions: De-airing of stentgrafts with high-volume of 0.9% heparinized saline solution seems to be safe and can be used as an adjunct to keep occurrence of neurological events after TEVAR as low as possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Branzan
- Department of Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Leipzig, Germany
| | - Antonia Geisler
- Department of Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sabine Steiner
- Department of Interventional Angiology, University Hospital Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Markus Doss
- Department of Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Leipzig, Germany
| | - Manuela Matschuck
- Department of Interventional Angiology, University Hospital Leipzig, Germany
| | - Dierk Scheinert
- Department of Interventional Angiology, University Hospital Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andrej Schmidt
- Department of Interventional Angiology, University Hospital Leipzig, Germany
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39
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Kai H, Hirose T, Nishiura T, Noma T, Ogawa Y, Yamada T, Nakae H, Mizushima Y. Air in the right ventricle and vein after basilar skull fracture: a case report. Int J Emerg Med 2020; 13:59. [PMID: 33256596 PMCID: PMC7706251 DOI: 10.1186/s12245-020-00326-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Air in the venous system may cause vascular air embolism, which is a potentially life-threatening event. The presence of air in venous system after basilar skull fracture is very rare. Case presentation A 77-year-old man fell from a truck bed and suffered head and neck trauma. On hospital arrival, his consciousness was clear and his vital signs were stable. His chief complaint was pain in the back of his head and neck. Head CT showed traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage in the right frontal area and basilar skull fracture of the occipital bone. Whole body CT showed pneumocephalus and air in the jugular vein and right ventricle. The patient was placed in the supine position in a state of absolute rest to prevent vascular air embolism and was treated conservatively. On hospital day 3, CT was reperformed, revealing disappearance of air in the right ventricle and decreased air in the veins of the head and neck. On hospital day 4, the air in the veins disappeared completely on CT. He did not experience vascular air embolism after increasing of his activity level (e.g., raising his head on hospital day 3 and standing and walking alone on day 5). He was discharged 34 days after admission without sequelae. Conclusions Head trauma patients with basilar skull fracture might develop vascular air embolism if physicians fail to detect air in the venous system on hospital arrival. A high degree of suspicion regarding air in venous system or heart is required when patients present with such injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Kai
- Emergency and Critical Care Medical Center, Osaka Police Hospital, 10-31, Kitayama-cho, Tennoji-ku, Osaka-shi, Osaka, 543-0035, Japan.
| | - Tomoya Hirose
- Emergency and Critical Care Medical Center, Osaka Police Hospital, 10-31, Kitayama-cho, Tennoji-ku, Osaka-shi, Osaka, 543-0035, Japan
| | - Takaya Nishiura
- Emergency and Critical Care Medical Center, Osaka Police Hospital, 10-31, Kitayama-cho, Tennoji-ku, Osaka-shi, Osaka, 543-0035, Japan
| | - Takashi Noma
- Emergency and Critical Care Medical Center, Osaka Police Hospital, 10-31, Kitayama-cho, Tennoji-ku, Osaka-shi, Osaka, 543-0035, Japan
| | - Yoshihito Ogawa
- Emergency and Critical Care Medical Center, Osaka Police Hospital, 10-31, Kitayama-cho, Tennoji-ku, Osaka-shi, Osaka, 543-0035, Japan
| | - Tomoki Yamada
- Emergency and Critical Care Medical Center, Osaka Police Hospital, 10-31, Kitayama-cho, Tennoji-ku, Osaka-shi, Osaka, 543-0035, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Nakae
- Emergency and Critical Care Medical Center, Osaka Police Hospital, 10-31, Kitayama-cho, Tennoji-ku, Osaka-shi, Osaka, 543-0035, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Mizushima
- Emergency and Critical Care Medical Center, Osaka Police Hospital, 10-31, Kitayama-cho, Tennoji-ku, Osaka-shi, Osaka, 543-0035, Japan
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40
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Hampson NB, Moon RE. Arterial gas embolism breathing compressed air in 1.2 metres of water. Diving Hyperb Med 2020; 50:292-294. [PMID: 32957133 DOI: 10.28920/dhm50.3.292-294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Arterial gas embolism (AGE) may result when diving while breathing compressed gas and ascending rapidly or with a closed glottis. Pulmonary over-pressurisation can result in lung stretch injury with entry of bubbles into the pulmonary venous circulation and subsequently the systemic arterial circulation. We present the case of an individual who suffered AGE while breathing compressed air at 1.2 metres' fresh water (mfw) in a swimming pool and discuss the factors determining the depth at which this form of injury may occur. This case serves to underscore the fact that risk of AGE exists at shallow depths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil B Hampson
- Virginia Mason Medical Center, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Corresponding author: Dr Neil Hampson, Virginia Mason Medical Center H4-CHM, 1100 Ninth Avenue, Seattle WA 98101, USA,
| | - Richard E Moon
- Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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41
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Lohner L, Sperhake JP, Püschel K, Burandt EC, Heinemann A, Anders S. Vaginal laceration leading to air embolism during consensual sexual intercourse. Int J Legal Med 2020; 135:341-346. [PMID: 33033843 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-020-02433-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Vaginal injuries with clinical complications apart from local bleeding following sexual intercourse are thought to be rare events that have recently fostered a discussion on the topic. We report a case of a vaginal laceration resulting in death caused by air embolism in a non-pregnant woman during consensual sexual intercourse with digital and penile penetration. Hysterectomy and a preexisting vaginal injury were additional risk factors present in this case. Besides case history and autopsy findings, histological examination of the vaginal lesion and postmortem computer tomography (PMCT) helped in diagnosing the cause of death and underlying pathophysiological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Lohner
- Department of Legal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - J-P Sperhake
- Department of Legal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - K Püschel
- Department of Legal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - E-C Burandt
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - A Heinemann
- Department of Legal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - S Anders
- Department of Legal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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42
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Oh HJ, Jeong WG, Lim Y, Koh SJ, Lee SM, Kim MS, Koh BG, Kim TO, Choi YD, Oh IJ, Kim YC, Park CK. Potentially fatal complications of systemic air embolism after computed tomography-guided transthoracic needle biopsy in lung cancer harboring epithelial growth factor receptor mutation: A case report. Thorac Cancer 2020; 11:3401-3406. [PMID: 33007135 PMCID: PMC7606022 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.13686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Air embolism is a rare, fatal complication of computed tomography (CT)‐guided transthoracic needle biopsy (TTNB) of the lung. Here, we report a patient who developed an air embolism after CT‐guided TTNB, which led to ST‐elevation myocardial infarction and acute cerebral ischemia. The patient recovered completely without critical sequelae and was diagnosed with adenocarcinoma harboring activating epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation. The patient responded to subsequent treatment with gefitinib. Key points Signficant findings of the study Air embolism is a rare, fatal complication of CT‐guided transthoracic lung biopsy. Only a few cases have been previously reported where myocardial and cerebral infarction occurred after TTNB, demonstrated not only on CT scan, but also electrocardiogram and electroencephalogram.
What this study adds Detection of driver gene mutation is crucial for planning lung cancer treatment. Despite the need for tissue biopsy, air embolism propagation to vital organs could result in severe end‐organ damage and multidisciplinary approaches are needed to improve initial outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung-Joo Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Jeonnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Gi Jeong
- Department of Radiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongwhan Lim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Jeonnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Joon Koh
- Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Min Lee
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Seok Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Jeonnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-Gun Koh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Jeonnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Ok Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Jeonnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo-Duk Choi
- Department of Pathology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Jae Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Jeonnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Chul Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Jeonnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol-Kyu Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Jeonnam, Republic of Korea
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43
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Zhou J, Wang W, Sun J, Wu Q. Ultrasound revealed a fatal air embolism during endoscopy. J Clin Anesth 2021; 68:110067. [PMID: 32987331 DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinane.2020.110067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Lee TH, Wong HF. Cerebral Air Embolism and Vasospasm after Carotid Revascularization: A Case Report. Case Rep Neurol 2020; 12:156-160. [PMID: 33505288 DOI: 10.1159/000505722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral air embolism can be of venous and arterial origin and cause severe medical complication. Vasospasm is a severe complication of carotid artery stenting. We report a 63-year-old male with severe carotid artery stenosis who suddenly died due to acute myocardial infarction during carotid artery stenting. His brain computed tomogram showed a remarkable amount of air in the gyriform spaces, and the cerebral angiogram showed vasospasm in the internal carotid artery resulting from stent manipulation. Presence of gyriform air could be caused by air entering the catheter due to sudden collapse after acute myocardial infarction and severe carotid vasospasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsong-Hai Lee
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ho-Fai Wong
- Department of Medical Imaging and Intervention, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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Weenink RP, Kloosterman M, Hompes R, Zondervan PJ, Beerlage HP, Tanis PJ, van Hulst RA. The AirSeal® insufflation device can entrain room air during routine operation. Tech Coloproctol 2020; 24:1077-1082. [PMID: 32734478 PMCID: PMC7522110 DOI: 10.1007/s10151-020-02291-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Surgical procedures that use insufflation carry a risk of gas embolism, which is considered relatively harmless because of the high solubility of carbon dioxide. However, an in vitro study suggested that valveless insufflation devices may entrain non-medical room air into the surgical cavity. Our aim was to verify if this occurs in actual surgical procedures. Methods The oxygen percentage in the pneumoperitoneum or pneumorectum/pneumopelvis of eight patients operated with use of the AirSeal® was continuously measured, to determine the percentage of air in the total volume of the surgical cavity. Results Basal air percentage in the surgical cavity was 0–5%. During suctioning from the operative field air percentage increased to 45–65%. Conclusions The AirSeal® valveless insufflation device maintains optimal distension of the surgical cavity not only by insufflating carbon dioxide, but also by entraining room air, especially during suctioning from the operative field. This may theoretically lead to air embolism in patients operated on with this device.
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Affiliation(s)
- R P Weenink
- Department of Anesthesiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M Kloosterman
- Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - R Hompes
- Department of Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - P J Zondervan
- Department of Urology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - H P Beerlage
- Department of Urology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - P J Tanis
- Department of Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - R A van Hulst
- Department of Hyperbaric Medicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Verma S, Srinivas U, Mittal P, Sathpathy AK. Massive air embolism during off-pump CABG: A case report. Ann Card Anaesth 2020; 23:354-356. [PMID: 32687099 PMCID: PMC7559977 DOI: 10.4103/aca.aca_190_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCAB), although devoid of the morbidity associated with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), has its own technical difficulties. Achieving optimum tissue stabilization on a beating heart along with hemodynamic fragility due to extreme positioning also complicates the anesthetic management. In addition, it is difficult to obtain a clear surgical field in the presence of arteriotomy. The use of catheter-directed high-flow gas blower (mister blower) helps achieve a clear surgical field to a great extent. However, there have been reported cases of arterial and pulmonary embolism caused by these high-flow gas blowers. The present case reports a case of massive venous air embolism caused by the use of mister blower.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swapnil Verma
- Department of Anaesthesia, Apollo Hospital, Jubilee Hills, Hyderabad, India
| | | | - Priyanka Mittal
- Department of Anaesthesia, Apollo Hospital, Jubilee Hills, Hyderabad, India
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Khalid Y, Dasu N, Brown K, Dasu K, Moussa I, Mohapatra R. The First Case of Impella RP Use in Acute Right Ventricular Failure From Air Embolism. Cardiovasc Revasc Med 2020; 21:108-111. [PMID: 32646716 DOI: 10.1016/j.carrev.2020.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Air embolism can cause the following catastrophic complications that must be avoided: cardiogenic shock (from right heart failure), obstructive shock, myocardial infarction, stroke, RVOT obstructions, and pulmonary embolism. Currently there is a paucity of data on Impella RP use in rare causes of acute right ventricle (RV) failure, especially if caused by air embolism. CASE REPORT We report a case of a patient with acute RV failure due to air embolism who recovered from temporary use of Impella RP. DISCUSSION This case highlights the utility of right-sided mechanical support (MCS) devices for acute RV failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaser Khalid
- Rowan School of Medicine, Jefferson Health System, Stratford, NJ, United States of America
| | - Neethi Dasu
- Rowan School of Medicine, Jefferson Health System, Stratford, NJ, United States of America.
| | - Keith Brown
- Rowan School of Medicine, Jefferson Health System, Stratford, NJ, United States of America
| | - Kirti Dasu
- Department of Biology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, United States of America
| | - Ibrahim Moussa
- Department of Interventional Cardiology, Virtua Lourdes, Camden, NJ, United States of America
| | - Robert Mohapatra
- Department of Cardiology, Virtua Lourdes, Camden, NJ, United States of America
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Milenko B, Bojana R, Tijana D, Andreja B. Fatal craniofacial circular-saw-related injury: a rare case of accidental death. Forensic Sci Med Pathol 2020; 16:721-3. [PMID: 32519315 DOI: 10.1007/s12024-020-00260-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Fatal injuries caused by circular saws are rare and mainly self-inflicted. To the best of our knowledge this is the first recorded case of accidental death of a woman caused by an injury to the head region inflicted by a saw blade. The autopsy showed a 35 cm long wound, stretching from the right half of the jaw along the right side of the face and the right temporal region up to the parietal region. The cut went through the right hemisphere of the brain in the temporal and parietal lobe regions, damaging the sagittal sinus. Air embolism was considered to be the cause of death. Fatalities involving power tools, such as a circular saw, warrant a high degree of suspicion of criminal activity and require a comprehensive medicolegal investigation. Placing guards over the blade and around the driving system, i.e. the motor, belt, arbor, is of great importance for the prevention of potentially fatal injuries.
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Lee H, Lee HS, Moon DH, Lee S. Cerebral Air Embolism and Cardiomyopathy Secondary to Large Bulla Rupture during a Pulmonary Function Test. Korean J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2020; 53:34-37. [PMID: 32090056 PMCID: PMC7006607 DOI: 10.5090/kjtcs.2020.53.1.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral air embolism combined with cardiomyopathy secondary to pulmonary barotrauma is rare. Here, we report an unusual case of cerebral air embolism combined with transient cardiomyopathy secondary to large bulla rupture during a pulmonary function test after lung cancer surgery. The patient experienced loss of consciousness. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging suggested a cerebral air embolism. Electrocardiography showed ST-segment elevation and abnormally high plasma levels of cardiac enzymes. Echocardiography and coronary angiography suggested cardiomyopathy. The patient was discharged with no sequelae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha Lee
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Soo Lee
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dulk Hwan Moon
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sungsoo Lee
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Garg A, Ali Khan MM, Singh P, Agarwal MK. Air embolism during percutaneous nephrolithotomy using air pyelogram during initial access: Does it really occur? Urol Ann 2020; 12:54-56. [PMID: 32015618 PMCID: PMC6978973 DOI: 10.4103/ua.ua_10_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In the present era, percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is the standard treatment for large (>2 cm) renal or staghorn renal stones. Both air and iodinated contrast has been used to opacify the pelvicalyceal system (PCS) before the dilatation of the tract. There are rare reports of air embolism following air pyelogram on mere presumptions. MATERIALS AND METHODS This is a prospective observational study. A total of 164 patients underwent PCNL in which air was used to opacify the PCS by placing a ureteric catheter for initial access. RESULTS None of our patients developed any complication during the procedure or in the postoperative period, which could be attributed to air embolism. CONCLUSIONS The present study ascertains that using air for opacification of PCS for initial puncture access is a safe and acceptable alternative to iodinated contrast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshul Garg
- Department of Urology, Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences, Etawah, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mohd Mubashir Ali Khan
- Department of Urology, Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences, Etawah, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Praveen Singh
- Department of Urology, Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences, Etawah, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Manish Kumar Agarwal
- Department of Urology, Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences, Etawah, Uttar Pradesh, India
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