1
|
Grover P, Thakur K, Bhardwaj M, Mehta L, Raina SN, Rajpal VR. Phytotherapeutics in Cancer: From Potential Drug Candidates to Clinical Translation. Curr Top Med Chem 2024; 24:CTMC-EPUB-137903. [PMID: 38279745 DOI: 10.2174/0115680266282518231231075311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Annually, a significant number of individuals succumb to cancer, an anomalous cellular condition characterized by uncontrolled cellular proliferation and the emergence of highly perilous tumors. Identifying underlying molecular mechanism(s) driving disease progression has led to various inventive therapeutic approaches, many of which are presently under pre-clinical and/or clinical trials. Over the recent years, numerous alternative strategies for addressing cancer have also been proposed and put into practice. This article delineates the modern therapeutic drugs employed in cancer treatment and their associated toxicity. Due to inherent drug toxicity associated with most modern treatments, demand rises for alternative therapies and phytochemicals with minimal side effects and proven efficacy against cancer. Analogs of taxol, Vinca alkaloids like vincristine and vinblastine, and podophyllotoxin represent a few illustrative examples in this context. The phytochemicals often work by modifying the activity of molecular pathways that are thought to be involved in the onset and progression of cancer. The principal objective of this study is to provide an overview of our current understanding regarding the pharmacologic effects and molecular targets of the active compounds found in natural products for cancer treatment and collate information about the recent advancements in this realm. The authors' interest in advancing the field of phytochemical research stems from both the potential of these compounds for use as drugs as well as their scientific validity. Accordingly, the significance of herbal formulations is underscored, shedding light on anticancer phytochemicals that are sought after at both preclinical and clinical levels, with discussion on the opportunities and challenges in pre-clinical and clinical cancer studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Parul Grover
- KIET School of Pharmacy, KIET Group of Institutions, Delhi-NCR, Ghaziabad, 201206, India
| | | | - Monika Bhardwaj
- Natural Product and Medicinal Chemistry Division, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR-IIIM), Jammu, 180001, India
| | - Lovekesh Mehta
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Noida, 201301, India
| | - Soom Nath Raina
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, Noida, 201301, India
| | - Vijay Rani Rajpal
- Department of Botany, Hansraj College, Delhi University, Delhi, 110007, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Dar MR, Khan AK, Inam M, Hano C, Anjum S. Differential Impact of Zinc Salt Precursors on Physiognomies, Anticancerous, and Antibacterial Activities of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s12010-023-04781-7. [PMID: 37979085 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04781-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) are enormously popular semi-conductor metal oxides with diverse applications in every field of science. Many physical and chemical methods applied for the synthesis of ZnONPs are being rejected due to their environmental hazards. Therefore, ZnONPs synthesized from plant extracts are steered as eco-friendly showing more biocompatibility and biodegradability. Additionally, various synthesis conditions such as the type of precursor salt also play a role in influencing the physicochemical and biological properties of ZnONPs. In this study, green synthesis of ZnONPs from Acacia nilotica was carried out using zinc acetate (ZA-AN-ZNPs), zinc nitrate (ZN-AN-ZNPs), and zinc sulfate (ZS-AN-ZNPs) precursor salts. Surprisingly, characterization of ZnONPs using UV-visible spectroscopy, TEM, XRD, and EDX revealed the important role precursor salts played in influencing the size and shape of ZnONPs, i.e., 20-23 nm spherical (ZA-AN-ZNPs), 55-59 nm triangular (ZN-AN-ZNPs), and 94-97 nm nano-flowers (ZS-AN-ZNPs). FTIR analysis showed the involvement of alkaloids, alcohols, carboxylic acid, and phenolic compounds present in Acacia nilotica extract during the synthesis process. Since different precursor salts showed different morphology of ZnONPs, their biological activities were also variable. ZN-AN-ZNPs showed the highest cytotoxicity towards HepG2 cells with the lowest cell viability (28.92 ± 0.99%), highest ROS/RNS production (3425.3 ± 184.58 relative DHR123 fluorescence), and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (1645.2 ± 32.12 relative fluorescence unit) as well as induced significant caspase-3 gene expression. In addition to this, studying the zone of inhibitions and minimum bactericidal and inhibitory concentrations of ZnONPs showed their exceptional potential as antibacterial agents. At MIC as low as 8 µg/mL, ZA-AN-ZNPs and ZN-AN-ZNPs exhibited significant bactericidal activities against human pathogens Klebsiella pneumoniae and Listeria monocytogenes, respectively. Furthermore, alkaline phosphatase, DNA/RNA leakage, and phosphate ion leakage studies revealed that a damage to the bacterial cell membrane and cell wall is involved in mediating the antibacterial effects of ZnONPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Momina Riaz Dar
- Department of Biotechnology, Kinnaird College for Women, 93-Jail Road, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Amna Komal Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, Kinnaird College for Women, 93-Jail Road, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Mubashra Inam
- Department of Biotechnology, Kinnaird College for Women, 93-Jail Road, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Christophe Hano
- Laboratoire de Biologie Des Ligneux Et Des Grandes Cultures, INRAE USC1328, University of Orleans, 45067CEDEX 2, Orleans, France
| | - Sumaira Anjum
- Department of Biotechnology, Kinnaird College for Women, 93-Jail Road, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Nandi SK, Chatterjee N, Roychowdhury T, Pradhan A, Moiz S, Manna K, Sarkar DK, Dhar P, Dutta A, Mukhopadhyay S, Bhattacharya R. Kaempferol with Verapamil impeded panoramic chemoevasion pathways in breast cancer through ROS overproduction and disruption of lysosomal biogenesis. Phytomedicine 2023; 113:154689. [PMID: 36921428 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reactive oxygen species (ROS) at low level promotes cell survival through lysosome induced autophagy induction. Glucose stress induced acidosis, hypoxia, ROS, upregulates markers related to cancer stemness and multidrug resistance. Also, lysosomal upregulation is proposed to be one of the important indicators of cell survival under ROS induced stress. Studies supported that, stimulation of Lysosome-TFEB-Ca2+ cascade has important role in induction of chemoresistance and survival of cancerous cells. PURPOSE To observe the effect of synergistic drug combination, Kaempferol and Verapamil on markers regulating chemoevasion, tumor stemness & acidosis as well as lysosome upregulation pathways, under low as well as high glucose conditions. HYPOTHESIS Based on our earlier observation as well as previous reports, we hypothesized, our drug combination Kaempferol with Verapamil could attenuate markers related to chemoevasion, tumor stemness & acidosis as well as lysosome-TFEB-Ca2+ pathway, all of which have indispensable association and role in chemoresistance. METHODS RNA and protein expression of candidate genes, along with ROS production and Ca2+ concentrations were measured in ex vivo models in altered glucose conditions upon treatment with KV. Also, computational approaches were utilized to hypothesize the mechanism of action of the drug combination. PCR, IHC, western blotting and molecular docking approaches were used in this study. RESULTS The overproduction of ROS by our candidate drugs KV, downregulated the chemoresistance and tumor acidosis markers along with ATP1B1 and resulted in lysosomal disruption with reduction of Ca2+ release, diminishing TFEB expression under low glucose condition. An anomalous outcome was observed in high glucose conditions. We also observed KV promoted the overproduction of ROS levels thereby inducing autophagy-mediated cell death through the upregulation of LC3-II and p62 in low glucose conditions. The ex vivo studies also corroborate with in silico study that exhibited the parallel outcome. CONCLUSION Our ex-vivo and in-silico studies revealed that our candidate drug combination KV, could effectively target several pathways regulating chemoresistance, that were not hitherto studied in the same experimental setup and thus may be endorsed for therapeutic purposes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sourav Kumar Nandi
- Department of Molecular Biology, Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose Cancer Research Institute, 3081 Nayabad, Kolkata-700094, India
| | - Niloy Chatterjee
- Centre for Research in Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, University of Calcutta, JD 2, Sector III, Salt Lake City, Kolkata 700 098, West Bengal, India
| | - Tanaya Roychowdhury
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata-700032, India
| | - Ayan Pradhan
- Department of General Surgery, Institute of Post graduate Medical Education &Research and SSKM Hospital, 244B AJC Bose Road Kolkata-700020, India
| | - Sumaiya Moiz
- Department of Molecular Biology, Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose Cancer Research Institute, 3081 Nayabad, Kolkata-700094, India
| | - Krishnendu Manna
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, West Bengal, 741235, India
| | - Diptendra Kumar Sarkar
- Department of General Surgery, Institute of Post graduate Medical Education &Research and SSKM Hospital, 244B AJC Bose Road Kolkata-700020, India
| | - Pubali Dhar
- Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Food and Nutrition division, University of Calcutta, 20B Judges Court Road. Kolkata 700027, West Bengal, India
| | - Amitava Dutta
- Department of Pathology, Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose Cancer Research Institute, 3081 Nayabad, Kolkata-700094
| | - Soma Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Molecular Biology, Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose Cancer Research Institute, 3081 Nayabad, Kolkata-700094, India
| | - Rittwika Bhattacharya
- Department of Molecular Biology, Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose Cancer Research Institute, 3081 Nayabad, Kolkata-700094, India.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Verma M, Fatima S, Ansari IA. Phytofabricated Nanoparticle Formulation for Cancer Treatment: A Comprehensive Review. Curr Drug Metab 2022; 23:818-826. [PMID: 35490313 DOI: 10.2174/1389200223666220427101427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
In recent times, nanotechnology has made significant advances in the field of cancer. The majority of chemotherapeutic drugs do not selectively target cancer cells, and they might cause side effects and damage to healthy cells, resulting in a variety of adverse effects. Having a thorough understanding of nanoparticles may improve drug targeting and administration. The nano-engineering of pharmacological and natural compounds can improve the diagnosis and treatment. Polymeric micelles, liposomes, and dendrimers are examples of innovative cancer therapeutic nano-formulations. It has been demonstrated that quantum dots, nano-suspensions, and gold nanoparticles can improve drug delivery. Nanomedicines may be delivered more effectively, focusing on cancerous cells instead of healthy tissues, which minimizes undesirable side effects and drug resistance to chemotherapeutic agents. However, limited water solubility, low stability, poor absorption, and quick metabolism limit their therapeutic effectiveness. Nanotechnology has generated unique formulations to optimise the potential use of phytochemicals in anticancer therapy. Nanocomposites can improve phytochemical solubility and bioavailability, extend their half-life in circulation, and even transport phytochemicals to specific locations. The progress in using phytochemical-based nanoparticles in cancer treatment is summarized in this paper.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahima Verma
- Department of Biosciences, Integral University, IIRC1, Lucknow, India
| | - Shireen Fatima
- Department of Biosciences, Integral University, IIRC1, Lucknow, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Jha D, Thiruveedula PK, Pathak R, Kumar B, Gautam HK, Agnihotri S, Sharma AK, Kumar P. Multifunctional biosynthesized silver nanoparticles exhibiting excellent antimicrobial potential against multi-drug resistant microbes along with remarkable anticancerous properties. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl 2017; 80:659-669. [PMID: 28866213 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Revised: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/09/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
This study demonstrates the therapeutic potential of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), which were biosynthesized using the extracts of Citrus maxima plant. Characterization through UV-Vis spectrophotometry, Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) confirmed the formation of AgNps in nano-size range. These nanoparticles exhibited enhanced antioxidative activity and showed commendable antimicrobial activity against wide range of microbes including multi-drug resistant bacteria that were later confirmed by TEM. These particles exhibited minimal toxicity when cytotoxicity study was performed on normal human lung fibroblast cell line as well as human red blood cells. It was quite noteworthy that these particles showed remarkable cytotoxicity on human fibrosarcoma and mouse melanoma cell line (B16-F10). Additionally, the apoptotic topographies of B16-F10 cells treated with AgNps were confirmed by using acridine orange and ethidium bromide dual dye staining, caspase-3 assay, DNA fragmentation assay followed by cell cycle analysis using fluorescence-activated cell sorting. Taken together, these results advocate promising potential of the biosynthesized AgNps for their use in therapeutic applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diksha Jha
- Microbial Biotechnology Laboratory, CSIR- Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Sukhdev Vihar, Mathura Road, Delhi 110025, India
| | - Prasanna Kumar Thiruveedula
- Microbial Biotechnology Laboratory, CSIR- Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Sukhdev Vihar, Mathura Road, Delhi 110025, India
| | - Rajiv Pathak
- Microbial Biotechnology Laboratory, CSIR- Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Sukhdev Vihar, Mathura Road, Delhi 110025, India
| | - Bipul Kumar
- Microbial Biotechnology Laboratory, CSIR- Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Sukhdev Vihar, Mathura Road, Delhi 110025, India
| | - Hemant K Gautam
- Microbial Biotechnology Laboratory, CSIR- Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Sukhdev Vihar, Mathura Road, Delhi 110025, India.
| | - Shrish Agnihotri
- Nucleic Acids Research Laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mall Road, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Ashwani Kumar Sharma
- Nucleic Acids Research Laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mall Road, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Nucleic Acids Research Laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mall Road, Delhi 110007, India.
| |
Collapse
|