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Mora NF, Bueis ABDL. Ocular argyrosis. Oman J Ophthalmol 2023; 16:373-376. [PMID: 37602163 PMCID: PMC10433047 DOI: 10.4103/ojo.ojo_337_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The absorption of silver presents as a grayish coloration in different locations as the skin and eye. Corneal argyrosis is characterized by micro-deposits in the stroma, Bowman or Descemt membranes. This metal could also affect other structures as the retina. We describe the case of a male jeweler with corneal argyrosis. Small whitish-grayish predescemetic depositis were observed by biomicroscopy, which were described as punctate and extra-cellular by in vivo confocal microscopy. Our patient presented a significative impairment of contrast sensitivity under scotopic conditions which could not be attributed to other condition. This test could be helpful in detecting retinal functional alteration before the structural anatomical alteration are visible.
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2
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Magno G, Zampieri F, Thiene G, Basso C, Zorzi F, Della Barbera M, Zanatta A. When self-medication goes wrong: the case of argyria at the Padua Morgagni Museum of Pathology. Virchows Arch 2021; 480:1283-1288. [PMID: 34244830 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-021-03139-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A unique specimen of argyria is preserved in the Morgagni Museum of Pathological Anatomy at the University of Padua (Italy). It is a stuffed head belonging to a man who decided to cure his syphilis by himself with the so-called infernal stone (silver nitrate) every day for years, thus developing argyria in the second half of the nineteenth century. Paleopathological and historical studies were performed on the specimen to confirm the diagnosis of argyria. Furthermore, a morphological investigation of the specimen was conducted with histological and ultrastructural investigations, including environmental scanning electron microscopy and electron dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, recording high presence of silver in the dermis and epidermis and also other chemical elements correlated to the "infernal stone." A comparison with actual cases may also lead to a common feature: a potential dependence on the perceived benefits brought by silver compound that may sustain a further prolonged intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Magno
- University Museums Centre CAM, University of Padua, Via A. Gabelli, 61, 35121, Padua, Italy
| | - Fabio Zampieri
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Gaetano Thiene
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Cristina Basso
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.,Cardiovascular Pathology Unit - Azienda Ospedaliera di Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Federico Zorzi
- Analysis Center and Certification Services (CEASC), University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Mila Della Barbera
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.,Cardiovascular Pathology Unit - Azienda Ospedaliera di Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Alberto Zanatta
- University Museums Centre CAM, University of Padua, Via A. Gabelli, 61, 35121, Padua, Italy.
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3
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Gill P, Richards K, Cho WC, Nagarajan P, Aung PP, Ivan D, Curry JL, Prieto VG, Torres-Cabala CA. Localized cutaneous argyria: Review of a rare clinical mimicker of melanocytic lesions. Ann Diagn Pathol 2021; 54:151776. [PMID: 34214703 DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2021.151776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Localized cutaneous argyria is a rare cutaneous disorder that has been associated with occupational exposure, dental procedures, topical agents, acupuncture, earrings, and nasal piercings. In this paper, we review the current literature on localized cutaneous argyria, highlight its clinical and histologic diagnostic features, and then discuss the clinical and histological differential diagnoses for blue-gray skin and black dermal pigment, respectively. We also discuss the utility of ancillary techniques, such as deeper histologic levels, special stains, darkfield microscopy, and advanced micro-analytical techniques in helping diagnose localized cutaneous argyria. Furthermore, we emphasize that a thorough clinical history and astute clinico-pathologic correlation can be the most important diagnostic techniques in correctly diagnosing this rare disorder. Our review aims serve as a reminder to clinicians and pathologists of the importance of including localized cutaneous argyria in the clinical and histological differential diagnosis of pigmented lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavandeep Gill
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Kristen Richards
- Department of Dermatology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Woo Cheal Cho
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Priyadharsini Nagarajan
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Phyu P Aung
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Doina Ivan
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jonathan L Curry
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Victor G Prieto
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Carlos A Torres-Cabala
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Dermatology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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4
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Fiore M, Sambri A, Zucchini R, Giannini C, Donati DM, De Paolis M. Silver-coated megaprosthesis in prevention and treatment of peri-prosthetic infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis about efficacy and toxicity in primary and revision surgery. Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol 2020; 31:201-220. [PMID: 32889672 DOI: 10.1007/s00590-020-02779-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
AIM Prosthetic joint infection (PJI) is a common complication following orthopedic megaprosthetic implantations (EPR), estimated up to 50%. Silver coatings were introduced in order to reduce the incidence of PJI, by using the antibacterial activity of silver. Three different silver coatings are available: MUTARS® (Implantcast), Agluna® (Accentus Medical), PorAg® (Waldemar Link). The aim of this review is to provide an overview on efficacy and safety of silver-coated EPR both in primary and revision surgery, comparing infection rate according to the type of implant. METHODS Through an electronic systematic search, we reviewed the articles concerning silver-coated EPRs. Infection rate, silver-related complications, local and blood concentrations of the silver were evaluated. Meta-analyses were performed to compare results from each study included. RESULTS Nineteen studies were included. The overall infection rate in patients with silver-coated implants was 17.6% (133/755). Overall infection rate in primary silver-coated EPR was been 9.2% (44/445), compared to 11.2% (57/507) of non-silver-coated implants. The overall infection rate after revisions was 13.7% (25/183) in patients with silver-coated EPR and 29.2% (47/161) when uncoated EPR were used, revealing a strength statistically significative utility of silver coatings in preventing infections in this group (p: 0.019). Generally, the use of MUTARS® EPR had produced an almost constant decrease in the incidence of primary PJI but there are few data on the effectiveness in revisions. The results from the use of Agluna® in both primary and revisions implants are inconstant. Conversely, PorAg® had proven to be effective both in PJI prevention but, especially, when used in PJI revision settings. Local argyria was reported in 8 out of 357 patients (2.2%), while no systemic complications were described. Local and blood concentrations of silver were always reported very far to the threshold of toxicity, with the lowest concentration found using PorAg®. CONCLUSIONS Silver-coated EPRs are safe and effective in reduction in PJI and re-infection rate, in particular when used in higher risk patients and after two-stage revisions to fight PJI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Fiore
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via G.C. Pupilli 1, 40136, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Andrea Sambri
- Azienda ospedaliera Sant'Orsola Malpighi, Bologna, Italy.,Alma mater studiorum - University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Riccardo Zucchini
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via G.C. Pupilli 1, 40136, Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudio Giannini
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via G.C. Pupilli 1, 40136, Bologna, Italy
| | - Davide Maria Donati
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via G.C. Pupilli 1, 40136, Bologna, Italy.,Alma mater studiorum - University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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5
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Seitz IP, Kowarik MC, Sartor-Pfeiffer J, Ziemann U, Wilhelm H, Bartz-Schmidt KU. Occurrence of primary progressive multiple sclerosis in a patient with argyria: Causality or coincidence? Mult Scler Relat Disord 2020; 46:102465. [PMID: 32890815 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2020.102465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Immanuel P Seitz
- Department of Ophthalmology Tübingen, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Markus C Kowarik
- Department of Neurology & Stroke, and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Eberhard-Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Jennifer Sartor-Pfeiffer
- Department of Neurology & Stroke, and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Eberhard-Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ulf Ziemann
- Department of Neurology & Stroke, and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Eberhard-Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Helmut Wilhelm
- Department of Ophthalmology Tübingen, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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6
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Hadrup N, Sharma AK, Loeschner K, Jacobsen NR. Pulmonary toxicity of silver vapours, nanoparticles and fine dusts: A review. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2020; 115:104690. [PMID: 32474071 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2020.104690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Silver is used in a wide range of products, and during their production and use, humans may be exposed through inhalation. Therefore, it is critical to know the concentration levels at which adverse effects may occur. In rodents, inhalation of silver nanoparticles has resulted in increased silver in the lungs, lymph nodes, liver, kidney, spleen, ovaries, and testes. Reported excretion pathways of pulmonary silver are urinary and faecal excretion. Acute effects in humans of the inhalation of silver include lung failure that involved increased heart rate and decreased arterial blood oxygen pressure. Argyria-a blue-grey discoloration of skin due to deposited silver-was observed after pulmonary exposure in 3 individuals; however, the presence of silver in the discolorations was not tested. Argyria after inhalation seems to be less likely than after oral or dermal exposure. Repeated inhalation findings in rodents have shown effects on lung function, pulmonary inflammation, bile duct hyperplasia, and genotoxicity. In our evaluation, the range of NOAEC values was 0.11-0.75 mg/m3. Silver in the ionic form is likely more toxic than in the nanoparticle form but that difference could reflect their different biokinetics. However, silver nanoparticles and ions have a similar pattern of toxicity, probably reflecting that the effect of silver nanoparticles is primarily mediated by released ions. Concerning genotoxicity studies, we evaluated silver to be positive based on studies in mammalian cells in vitro and in vivo when considering various exposure routes. Carcinogenicity data are absent; therefore, no conclusion can be provided on this endpoint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels Hadrup
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, DK, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Anoop K Sharma
- Division for Risk Assessment and Nutrition, Group for Chemical Risk Assessment and GMO, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark
| | - Katrin Loeschner
- Division for Food Technology, Research Group for Nano-Bio Science, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark
| | - Nicklas R Jacobsen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, DK, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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7
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Abstract
Colloidal silver used as a suspension for (alternative) therapeutic purposes or silver exposure due to environmental or working conditions can lead to irreversible deposits of silver granules in the skin (bluish-gray hue of the skin), mucosa, cornea, retina and internal organs. Silver-induced discoloration of the conjunctiva should therefore be taken into account when a bluish-gray discoloration raises the suspicion of conjunctival melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Claessens
- Augenheilkunde Lindenthal, Dürener Str. 251, 50931, Köln, Deutschland.
| | - P Franko Zeitz
- Praxis Zeitz, Blumenstr. 11-13, 40212, Düsseldorf, Deutschland
| | - H Beckers
- Arbeits- und Verkehrsmedizin, Delmenhorster Str. 1, 50735, Köln, Deutschland
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8
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Hong SG, Jo SY, Heo EP, Ro KW. Localized Cutaneous Argyria Mimicking Blue Nevus after Wearing Earrings. Ann Dermatol 2019; 31:666-668. [PMID: 33911667 PMCID: PMC7992596 DOI: 10.5021/ad.2019.31.6.666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Localized cutaneous argyria is a rare condition in which the skin changes into blue-grey spots due to the absorption of silver. The lesions need to be differentiated from other pigmentary disorders and require radiographic and histological examination for more accurate diagnosis. Scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy can be a confirmatory tool in the evaluation of silver elements in biopsy tissue. This report shows the localized cutaneous argyria in earlobe of a 21-year-old woman who wears silver earrings for 10 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Gi Hong
- Department of Dermatology, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon, Korea
| | - Sun Young Jo
- Department of Dermatology, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon, Korea
| | - Eun Phil Heo
- Department of Dermatology, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon, Korea
| | - Ki Woong Ro
- Department of Dermatology, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon, Korea
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9
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakshey Dudeja
- Department of Cornea and Refractive Surgery, Aravind Eye Hospital, Sankagiri Main Road, Nethimedu, Salem, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ishani Dudeja
- Department of Cornea and Refractive Surgery, Aravind Eye Hospital, Sankagiri Main Road, Nethimedu, Salem, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Anuja Janakiraman
- Department of Cornea and Refractive Surgery, Aravind Eye Hospital, Sankagiri Main Road, Nethimedu, Salem, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Manohar Babu
- Department of Cornea and Refractive Surgery, Aravind Eye Hospital, Sankagiri Main Road, Nethimedu, Salem, Tamil Nadu, India
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10
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Abstract
A biopsy specimen from the nasal mucosa of a 37-year-old man disclosed a subepithelial accumulation of black granules mainly running parallel to the surface in the absence of any inflammatory infiltrate. Since the mucosal pigment was negative with Perls' stain and resisted to melanin bleach, an exogenous pigmentation was suspected. The biopsy specimen had been taken because of a diffuse steel-blue pigmentation of the nasal mucosa, incidentally discovered during routine clinical examination. A diagnosis of occupational argyria of the nasal mucosa was finally made since the patient was a silver cleaner. Argyria is a rare cause of nasopharyngeal mucosal pigmentation; it is not a precancerous condition, but it can be mistaken for a melanosis or a melanocytic tumor both clinically and histopathologically. Clinicopathological correlation is mandatory, since the final diagnosis is based on a history of chronic silver exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerardo Ferrara
- Anatomic Pathology Unit, Macerata General Hospital, Via Santa Lucia, 2, 62100 Macerata, Italy
| | - Alessandra Filosa
- Anatomic Pathology Unit, Macerata General Hospital, Via Santa Lucia, 2, 62100 Macerata, Italy
| | - Maria Paola Mariani
- Anatomic Pathology Unit, Macerata General Hospital, Via Santa Lucia, 2, 62100 Macerata, Italy
| | - Luigi Fasanella
- Otorhyniloaryngology Unit, Civitanova Marche General Hospital, Civitanova Marche, Italy
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11
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Abstract
Purpose The aim of this report is to present a case of a patient, metal foundry worker, who had been exposed to industrial silver salts for over 20 years. It is well established that chronic exposure to silver compounds can cause accumulation of silver deposits in various tissues. This condition is referred to as argyrosis or argyria, whereas changes related to eye tissues are defined as ocular argyrosis. Methods A complete eye examination, corneal confocal microscopy, kinetic and static visual field test, posterior segment optical coherent tomography, pattern visual evoked potentials (PVEP), flash visual evoked potentials, multifocal electroretinogram, pattern electroretinogram (PERG), full-field electroretinography (FERG) and electrooculogram were all performed. Results Eye examination revealed decreased visual acuity, corneal deposits and drusenoid changes within the macula. Although electrophysiology tests did not show changes in the function of retinal pigment epithelium, they revealed abnormal function of photoreceptors in the central and peripheral retina. PERG abnormalities and delayed latency of P100 wave in PVEP confirmed impaired function of the inner layers of the retina in the macular region. Conclusions Corneal confocal microscopy and electrophysiological tests may help confirm the diagnosis of ocular argyrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Sarnat-Kucharczyk
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, ul. Ceglana 35, 40-514, Katowice, Poland.
| | - Dorota Pojda-Wilczek
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, ul. Ceglana 35, 40-514, Katowice, Poland
| | - Ewa Mrukwa-Kominek
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, ul. Ceglana 35, 40-514, Katowice, Poland
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12
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Rezk T, Penton J, Stevenson A, Owen-Casey M, Little M, Cunningham J, Salama AD. Pauci Immune crescentic glomerulonephritis in a patient with T-cell lymphoma and argyria. BMC Nephrol 2016; 17:49. [PMID: 27189346 PMCID: PMC4869364 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-016-0259-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Silver is a transition metal, toxic when ingested in significant amounts, causing argyria (skin deposition) and argyrosis (eye deposition). It is excreted mainly via the gastrointestinal tract with only small amounts eliminated by the kidneys, and rarely have cases of nephrotoxicity due to silver been reported. Here we present the case of a woman who used colloidal silver as an alternative remedy for a T cell lymphoma, who subsequently developed argyria and a pauci-immune crescentic glomerulonephritis with evidence of extensive glomerular basement membrane silver deposition. CASE PRESENTATION A 47 year old woman of Indo-Asian descent with a T-cell lymphoma who refused conventional chemotherapy for 18 months but self-medicated with a remedy containing colloidal silver, was admitted with acute dialysis-dependent kidney injury. A kidney biopsy demonstrated a pauci-immune crescentic glomerulonephritis with deposition of silver particles in the mesangium and along the glomerular basement membranes. The patient was treated with intravenous methylprednisolone and intravenous cyclophosphamide and recovered independent renal function. CONCLUSION Chronological evolution of the the pauci-immune glomerulonephritis suggests that a cellular immune-mediated process was induced, potentially mediated by lymphomatous T cells directed at the glomerular basement membrane, following silver deposition. Immunosuppressive therapy improved the situation and allowed cessation of haemodialysis, supporting the hypothesis of an immune-mediated process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamer Rezk
- UCL Centre for Nephrology, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, Rowland Hill Street, London, NW3 2PF, UK.
| | - James Penton
- UCL Centre for Nephrology, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, Rowland Hill Street, London, NW3 2PF, UK
| | - Anna Stevenson
- UCL Centre for Nephrology, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, Rowland Hill Street, London, NW3 2PF, UK
| | - Mared Owen-Casey
- Department of Histopathology, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, Pond Street, London, NW3 2QG, UK
| | - Mark Little
- Trinity Health Kidney Centre, Institute of Molecular Medicine, St James's Hospital campus, Dublin, D08 W9RT, Ireland
| | - John Cunningham
- UCL Centre for Nephrology, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, Rowland Hill Street, London, NW3 2PF, UK
| | - Alan D Salama
- UCL Centre for Nephrology, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, Rowland Hill Street, London, NW3 2PF, UK
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13
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Fox JD, Baker JA, Tosti A. Chromonychia in an Asymptomatic Vitamin Consumer. Skin Appendage Disord 2015; 1:131-3. [PMID: 27171506 DOI: 10.1159/000441699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua D Fox
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Fla., USA
| | - Jennifer A Baker
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Fla., USA
| | - Antonella Tosti
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Fla., USA
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14
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Molina-Hernandez AI, Diaz-Gonzalez JM, Saeb-Lima M, Dominguez-Cherit J. Argyria after Silver Nitrate Intake: Case Report and Brief Review of Literature. Indian J Dermatol 2015; 60:520. [PMID: 26538722 PMCID: PMC4601443 DOI: 10.4103/0019-5154.164427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Argyria is a condition characterized by pigmentary changes secondary to exposure to silver salts and its accumulation in skin, mucous membranes and annexes, which typically produces blue or gray-blue spots. A case of a male patient 62 years old, previously healthy, who has a blue-gray hyperpigmentation on the face, trunk and upper extremity, affecting sun-exposed areas is presented. He admitted having ingested silver nitrate for 5 years at a rate of 1 bottle per week, with the intent to kill microorganisms in his body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alma Ileana Molina-Hernandez
- Department of Dermatology, National Institut of Medical Sciences and Nutrition Salvador Zubiran, Mexico City, DF, México
| | - Jose Manuel Diaz-Gonzalez
- Department of Dermatology, National Institut of Medical Sciences and Nutrition Salvador Zubiran, Mexico City, DF, México
| | - Marcela Saeb-Lima
- Department of Dermatopathology, National Institut of Medical Sciences and Nutrition Salvador Zubiran, Mexico City, DF, México
| | - Judith Dominguez-Cherit
- Department of Dermatology, National Institut of Medical Sciences and Nutrition Salvador Zubiran, Mexico City, DF, México
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15
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Léger T, Landry B, Nuss M, Mally R. Systematics of the Neotropical genus Catharylla Zeller (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae s. l., Crambinae). Zookeys 2014:15-73. [PMID: 24526844 PMCID: PMC3921562 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.375.6222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 12/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Neotropical genus Catharylla Zeller, 1863 (type species: Crambus tenellus Zeller, 1839) is redescribed. Catharylla contiguella Zeller, 1872, C. interrupta Zeller, 1866 and Myelois sericina Zeller, 1881, included by Munroe (1995) in Catharylla, are moved to Argyria Hübner. Catharylla paulella Schaus, 1922 and C. tenellus (Zeller, 1839) are redescribed. Six new species are described by Léger and Landry: C. bijuga, C. chelicerata, C. coronata, C. gigantea, C. mayrabonillae and C. serrabonita. The phylogenetic relationships were investigated using morphological as well as molecular data (COI, wingless, EF-1α genes). The median and subterminal transverse lines of the forewing as well as the short anterior and posterior apophyses of the female genitalia are characteristic of the genus. The monophyly of Catharylla was recovered in all phylogenetic analyses of the molecular and the combined datasets, with three morphological apomorphies highlighted. Phylogenetic analyses of the morphology of the two sexes recovered three separate species groups within Catharylla: the chelicerata, the mayrabonillae, and the tenellus species groups. The possible position of Micrelephas Schaus, 1922 as sister to Catharylla, based on both morphological and molecular data, and the status of tribe Argyriini are discussed. The biogeographical data indicate that the chelicerata species group is restricted to the Guyanas and the Amazonian regions whereas the tenellus group is restricted to the Atlantic Forest in the South-Eastern part of Brazil. The mayrabonillae group is widespread from Costa Rica to South Bolivia with an allopatric distribution of the two species. COI barcode sequences indicate relatively strong divergence within C. bijuga, C. mayrabonillae, C. serrabonita and C. tenellus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Théo Léger
- Muséum d'histoire naturelle de Genève, Route de Malagnou, 1, CH-1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Bernard Landry
- Muséum d'histoire naturelle de Genève, Route de Malagnou, 1, CH-1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Nuss
- Senckenberg Natural History Collections, Museum of Zoology, Königsbrücker Landstraße 159, 01109 Dresden, Germany
| | - Richard Mally
- Senckenberg Natural History Collections, Museum of Zoology, Königsbrücker Landstraße 159, 01109 Dresden, Germany
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Hadrup N, Lam HR. Oral toxicity of silver ions, silver nanoparticles and colloidal silver--a review. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2013; 68:1-7. [PMID: 24231525 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2013.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 295] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Revised: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 11/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Orally administered silver has been described to be absorbed in a range of 0.4-18% in mammals with a human value of 18%. Based on findings in animals, silver seems to be distributed to all of the organs investigated, with the highest levels being observed in the intestine and stomach. In the skin, silver induces a blue-grey discoloration termed argyria. Excretion occurs via the bile and urine. The following dose-dependent animal toxicity findings have been reported: death, weight loss, hypoactivity, altered neurotransmitter levels, altered liver enzymes, altered blood values, enlarged hearts and immunological effects. Substantial evidence exists suggesting that the effects induced by particulate silver are mediated via silver ions that are released from the particle surface. With the current data regarding toxicity and average human dietary exposure, a Margin of Safety calculation indicates at least a factor of five before a level of concern to the general population is reached.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels Hadrup
- Division of Toxicology and Risk Assessment, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Mørkhøj Bygade 19, DK 2860 Søborg, Denmark.
| | - Henrik R Lam
- Environment and Toxicology, DHI, Agern Allé 5, DK 2970 Hørsholm, Denmark.
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Glehr M, Leithner A, Friesenbichler J, Goessler W, Avian A, Andreou D, Maurer-Ertl W, Windhager R, Tunn PU. Argyria following the use of silver-coated megaprostheses: no association between the development of local argyria and elevated silver levels. Bone Joint J 2013; 95-B:988-92. [PMID: 23814255 DOI: 10.1302/0301-620x.95b7.31124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The aims of this study were to evaluate the incidence of local argyria in patients with silver-coated megaprostheses and to identify a possible association between argyria and elevated levels of silver both locally and in the blood. Between 2004 and 2011, 32 megaprostheses with silver coatings were implanted in 20 female and 12 male patients following revision arthroplasty for infection or resection of a malignant tumour, and the levels of silver locally in drains and seromas and in the blood were determined. The mean age of the patients was 46 years (10 to 81); one patient died in the immediate post-operative period and was excluded. Seven patients (23%) developed local argyria after a median of 25.7 months (interquartile range 2 to 44.5). Patients with and without local argyria had comparable levels of silver in the blood and aspiration fluids. The length of the implant did not influence the development of local argyria. Patients with clinical evidence of local argyria had no neurological symptoms and no evidence of renal or hepatic failure. Thus, we conclude that the short-term surveillance of blood silver levels in these patients is not required.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Glehr
- Medical University of Graz, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Auenbruggerplatz 5, Graz A-8036, Austria
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Kwon HB, Lee JH, Lee SH, Lee AY, Choi JS, Ahn YS. A case of argyria following colloidal silver ingestion. Ann Dermatol 2009; 21:308-10. [PMID: 20523812 DOI: 10.5021/ad.2009.21.3.308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2008] [Accepted: 02/20/2009] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Argyria is a rare cutaneous discoloration caused by the intake of silver or various compounds containing silver. We report a case of argyria in a 73-year-old male following ingestion of colloidal silver as an alternative medicine over 5 years. He had a diffuse, slate gray discoloration of his face and hands. A biopsy specimen from the face revealed brown-black extracellular granules in the upper dermis and between collagen bundles. We also found silver particles in the mucous of the colon. The ingestion of colloidal silver appears to be increasing among patients using alternative health practices. We report this case to bring people's attention to the problems associated with the ingestion of colloidal silver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyok Bu Kwon
- Department of Dermatology, Dongguk University International Hospital, College of Medicine, Dongguk University, Goyang, Korea
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