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Li Y, Tong R, Li Z, Zhang X, Pan L, Li Y, Zhang N. Toxicological mechanism of ammonia-N on haematopoiesis and apoptosis of haemocytes in Litopenaeus vannamei. Sci Total Environ 2023; 879:163039. [PMID: 36966842 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Ammonia, as an important pollutant, contributed to the reduction of immunity, disruption of physiology in animals. RNA interference (RNAi) was performed to understand the function of astakine (AST) in haematopoiesis and apoptosis in Litopenaeus vannamei under ammonia-N exposure. Shrimps were exposed to 20 mg/L ammonia-N from 0 to 48 h with injection of 20 μg AST dsRNA. Further, shrimps were exposed to 0, 2, 10 and 20 mg/L ammonia-N also from 0 to 48 h. The results showed that the total haemocytes count (THC) decreased under ammonia-N stress and the knockdown of AST resulted in a further decrease of THC, suggesting that 1) the proliferation was decreased through the reduction of AST and Hedgehog, the differentiation was interfered by Wnt4, Wnt5 and Notch, and the migration was inhibited by the decrease of VEGF; 2) oxidative stress was induced under ammonia-N stress, leading to the increase of DNA damage with the up-regulated gene expression of death receptor, mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum stress pathways; 3) the changes of THC resulted from the decrease of proliferation, differentiation and migration of haematopoiesis cells and the increase of apoptosis of haemocytes. This study helps to deepen our understanding of risk management in shrimp aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufen Li
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Ruixue Tong
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Zeyuan Li
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Xin Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Luqing Pan
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China.
| | - Yaobing Li
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Ning Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
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Wang J, Hong W, Zhu F. The role of Astakine in Scylla paramamosain against Vibrio alginolyticus and white spot syndrome virus infection. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2020; 98:236-244. [PMID: 31953197 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Astakine is a crucial factor in the proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells and is directly involved in hematopoiesis in crustaceans. To assess the role of Astakine in the innate immune system of Scylla paramamosain, the immune responses in healthy and Astakine-inhibited S. paramamosain were investigated in the present study. The RNA transcripts of Astakine were widely distributed in all examined tissues, with significantly higher levels of expression in hemocytes of both healthy and challenged S. paramamosain with Vibrio alginolyticus and WSSV. When Astakine was knocked down by RNA interference technology, immune-related genes, including Janus kinase, prophenoloxidase, hemocyanin, β-actin, myosin II essential light chain-like protein, signal transducer and activator of transcription, Relish, and C-type-lectin, were significantly down-regulated in hemocytes. The levels of phenoloxidaseactivity (PO), total hemocyte counts (THC) and hemocyte proliferation decreased significantly in hemocytes of Astakine-dsRNA treated S. paramamosain. After being challenged with V. alginolyticus and WSSV, the THC decreased significantly and the levels of hemocyte apoptosis increased significantly in Astakine-dsRNA treated S. paramamosain in comparison with those in infected groups without Astakine-dsRNA treatment. After being challenged with WSSV, the WSSV copies were significantly lower in Astakine-dsRNA treated groups than those in the WSSV infection group, which suggested that knockdown of Astakine was not conductive to WSSV replication and this might be associated with the decreasing THC. The results of survival analysis showed that the survival rate of V. alginolyticus or WSSV infected S. paramamosain decreased significantly following Astakine knockdown. These results suggested that RNA interference of Astakine might weaken the resistance of S. paramamosain to V. alginolyticus or WSSV infection. The weaken resistivity after knockdown Astakine might be related to the changes of important immune-related gene expression, THC, PO activity, proliferation and apoptosis of hemocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Wenjing Hong
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Fei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, 311300, China.
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Jia Z, Wang M, Wang X, Xu J, Wang L, Zhang H, Song L. A Prokineticin (PK)-like cytokine from Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis promotes the production of hemocytes via reactive oxygen species. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2018; 77:419-428. [PMID: 29609030 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.03.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Astakine is a cytokine-like factor containing a prokineticin domain, which directly participates in hematopoiesis and blood cell differentiation. In the present study, a novel Astakine gene was identified from Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis (designated as EsAst). The full-length cDNA of EsAst was of 1163 bp, consisting of a 5' untranslated region (UTR) of 120 bp, a 3' UTR of 656 bp, and an open reading frame (ORF) of 387 bp encoding a polypeptide of 128 amino acids. There were a signal peptide and a prokineticin domain with nine conserved cysteine residues in the deduced amino acid sequence of EsAst. EsAst shared higher similarity with Astakines from Penaeus monodon and Pacifastacus leniusculus, and it was closely clustered with the Astakine from shrimp P. monodon in the phylogenetic tree. The EsAst mRNA transcript was higher expressed in hemocytes and hepatopancreas. The relative expression level of EsAst in hemocytes was continuously increased from 1.5 to 48 h after Vibro anguillarum challenge compared that in the untreated control group. After Pichia pastoris GS115 challenge, the relative expression level of EsAst in hemocytes was also up-regulated. After rEsAst injection, ROS levels in HPT cells were also increased at 12 and 24 h, and the total hemocyte counts were also significantly increased at 6, 9, 12, and 24 h post rEsAst injection. The interference of EsAst expression with dsRNA injection could delay the recovery of hemocytes production post A. hydrophila stimulation. When mitochondrial complexes I was knock down by dsRNA, ROS levels were decreased and THCs were also decreased. Recovery of hemocyte production inducing by A. hydrophila stimulation and rEsAst injection were delayed with dsEsbc1 injection. When ROS levels were increased after RNAi of Lon protease, THCs were also increased. The expression levels of five genes (EsJNK, EsSTAT, EsPI3K, EsAKT1, EsP70S6K) involved in SAPK-JNK and mTOR signaling pathways were up-regulated at 12 and 24 h in rEsAst group and EsLon dsRNA group compared with that in EGFP dsRNA group, and were similar to the trend of ROS levels. These results collectively suggested that EsAst should be a novel Astakine to promote the production of hemocytes in a ROS-dependent way in E. sinensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihao Jia
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Mengqiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xiudan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiachao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lingling Wang
- Functional Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Process, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Linsheng Song
- Functional Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Process, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China.
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Ericsson L, Söderhäll I. Astakines in arthropods-phylogeny and gene structure. Dev Comp Immunol 2018; 81:141-151. [PMID: 29154857 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2017.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Astakine1 was isolated as a hematopoietic cytokine in the freshwater crayfish Pacifastacus leniusculus. In this study we detect and compare 79 sequences in GenBank, which we consider to be possible astakine orthologs, among which eleven are crustacean, sixteen are chelicerate and 52 are from insect species. Available arthropod genomes are searched for astakines, and in conclusion all astakine sequences in the current study have a similar exon containing CCXX(X), thus potentially indicating that they are homologous genes with the structure of this exon highly conserved. Two motifs, RYS and YP(N), are also conserved among the arthropod astakines. A phylogenetic analysis reveals that astakine1 and astakine2 from P. leniusculus and Procambarus clarkii are distantly related, and may have been derived from a gene duplication occurring early in crustacean evolution. Moreover, a structural comparison using the Mamba intestinal toxin (MIT1) from Dendroaspis polylepis as template indicates that the overall folds are similar in all crustacean astakines investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Ericsson
- Department of Comparative Physiology, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18A, 752 36, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Irene Söderhäll
- Department of Comparative Physiology, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18A, 752 36, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Accorsi A, Benatti S, Ross E, Nasi M, Malagoli D. A prokineticin-like protein responds to immune challenges in the gastropod pest Pomacea canaliculata. Dev Comp Immunol 2017; 72:37-43. [PMID: 28163091 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2017.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The golden apple snail Pomacea canaliculata is an invasive pest originating from South America. It has already been found in Asia, the southern United States and more recently in the EU. Aiming to target the immune system of the snail as a way to control its spreading, we have developed organ-specific transcriptomes and looked for molecules controlling replication and differentiation of snail hemocytes. The prokineticin domain-containing protein Astakine 1 is the only cytokine known thus far capable of regulating invertebrate hematopoiesis, and we analyzed the transcriptomes looking for molecules containing a prokineticin domain. We have identified a prokineticin-like protein (PlP), that we called Pc-plp and we analyzed by real-time PCR (qPCR) its expression. In control snails, highest levels of Pc-plp were detected in the digestive gland, the ampulla (i.e., a hemocyte reservoir) and the pericardial fluid (i.e., the hematopoietic district). We tested Pc-plp expression after triggering hematopoiesis via multiple hemolymph withdrawals, or during bacterial challenge through LPS injection. In both cases a reduction of Pc-plp mRNA was observed. The multiple hemolymph withdrawals caused a significant decrease of Pc-plp mRNA in pericardial fluid and circulating hemocytes, while the LPS injection promoted the Pc-plp mRNA drop in anterior kidney, mantle and gills, organs that may act as immune barrier in molluscs. Our data indicate an important role for prokineticin domain-containing proteins as immunomodulators also in gastropods and their dynamic expression may serve as a biosensor to gauge the effectiveness of immunological interventions aimed at curtailing the spreading of the gastropod pest P. canaliculata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Accorsi
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Stefania Benatti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Eric Ross
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Milena Nasi
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Davide Malagoli
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
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Abstract
Crustacean hemocytes are important mediators of immune reactions, and the regulation of hemocyte homeostasis is of utmost importance for the health of these animals. This review discusses the current knowledge on the lineages, synthesis and differentiation of hemocytes in crustaceans. Hematopoietic tissues, their origins, and the regulation of hematopoiesis during molting, seasonal variation and infection are discussed. Furthermore, studies concerning the molecular regulation of hemocyte formation in crustaceans are also described, and the different lineages and their molecular markers are discussed and compared with several insect species. Signaling pathways and the regulation of hematopoiesis by transcription factors are typically conserved among these arthropods, whereas cytokines and growth factors are more variable and species specific. However, considering the great diversity among the crustaceans, one should be cautious in drawing general conclusions from studies of only a few species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Söderhäll
- Department of Comparative Physiology, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18 A, 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden.
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Li Y, Jiang S, Li M, Xin L, Wang L, Wang H, Qiu L, Song L. A cytokine-like factor astakine accelerates the hemocyte production in Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas. Dev Comp Immunol 2016; 55:179-187. [PMID: 26523496 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2015.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Revised: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Astakine has been reported to be a hematopoietic growth factor of prokineticin homolog firstly found in arthropods freshwater crayfish Pacifastacus leniusculus. In the present study, an astakine homologous gene was identified from Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas (designated CgAstakine). The full length cDNA of CgAstakine encoded a polypeptide of 103 amino acids containing a prokineticin (PK) domain homologous to that in astakine from freshwater crayfish P. leniusculus. The deduced amino acid sequence of CgAstakine shared higher similarity with those of other invertebrate astakines than prokineticins from vertebrates. The mRNA of CgAstakine was highly expressed in hepatopancreas and adductor muscle of oyster, while the CgAstakine protein was mainly distributed in hepatopancreas, gill and hemocytes. The mRNA expression of CgAstakine in hemocytes was significantly increased (p < 0.01) and maintained at a high level from 3 h to 9 h after Vibrio anguillarum challenge. After the oyster hemocytes were incubated with 5 μg/mL recombinant CgAstakine protein (rCgAstakine) for 24 h in vitro, the proliferation of hemocytes was significantly increased to 1.89 fold of that in control group (p < 0.05). Moreover, the total count of oyster hemocytes was significantly upregulated (2.45 fold of that in control group, p < 0.05) at 12 h after the oysters were received an injection of rCgAstakine (0.5 μg/g). These results collectively indicated that CgAstakine could modulate the hemocytes proliferation both in vitro and in vivo, and probably involved in the hematopoietic process fighting against the invasion of foreign pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqun Li
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shuai Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Meijia Li
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lusheng Xin
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lingling Wang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Hao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Limei Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Linsheng Song
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China.
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Liang GF, Liang Y, Xue Q, Lu JF, Cheng JJ, Huang J. Astakine LvAST binds to the β subunit of F1-ATP synthase and likely plays a role in white shrimp Litopeneaus vannamei defense against white spot syndrome virus. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2015; 43:75-81. [PMID: 25536411 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2014.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2014] [Revised: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Cytokines play a critical role in innate and adaptive immunity. Astakines represent a group of invertebrate cytokines that are related to vertebrate prokineticin and function in promoting hematopoiesis in crustaceans. We have identified an astakine from the white shrimp Litopeneaus vannamei and named it LvAST in a previous research. In the present research, we investigated the interactions among LvAST, the envelope protein VP37 of white spot syndrome virus (i.e., WSSV), and the β subunit of F1-ATP synthase (ATPsyn-β) of the white shrimp (i.e., BP53) using binding assays and co-precipitations. We also examined the effects of LvAST on shrimp susceptibility to WSSV. We found that LvAST and VP37 competitively bound to BP53, but did not bind to each other. Shrimps that had been injected with recombinant LvAST exhibited significantly lower mortality and longer survival time in experimental infections by WSSV. In contrast, shrimps whose LvAST gene expression had been inhibited by RNA interference showed significantly higher WSSV infection intensity and shorter survival time following viral challenges. These results suggested that LvAST and WSSV both likely use ATPsyn-β as a receptor and LvAST plays a role in shrimp defense against WSSV infection. This represented the first research showing the involvement of astakines in host antiviral immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gao-Feng Liang
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, The Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yan Liang
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, The Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266035, China
| | - Qinggang Xue
- Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266035, China; School of Animal Sciences, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
| | - Jin-Feng Lu
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, The Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Jun-Jun Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, The Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Jie Huang
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, The Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266035, China.
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