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Sita A, Birlem GE, de Souza da Silva D, Possamai GM, Petry K, de Almeida PR, Mallmann L, Stein JF, Demoliner M, Gularte JS, Hansen AW, Witt AA, Rigotto C, Fleck JD, Spilki FR, da Rocha DT, Weber MN. Evaluation of Mastadenovirus and Rotavirus Presence in Phyllostomid, Vespertilionid, and Molossid Bats Captured in Rio Grande do Sul, Southern Brazil. Food Environ Virol 2024:10.1007/s12560-023-09575-y. [PMID: 38532064 DOI: 10.1007/s12560-023-09575-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Bat-borne viruses may affect public health and the global economy. These mammals have a wide geographical distribution and unique biological, physiological, and immunogenic characteristics, allowing the dissemination of many known and unknown viruses. Enteric viruses, such as adeno (AdV) and rotaviruses, are recognized as the main causative agents of disease and outbreaks. In the present study, the presence of viruses from Adenoviridae and Reoviridae families was evaluated in molossid, phyllostomid, and vespertilionid bats captured in Rio Grande do Sul, Southern Brazil, between September 2021 and July 2022. Sixty bat rectal swabs were analyzed by PCR. Eight (13.3%) samples were positive for adenovirus and classified as human mastadenovirus C (HAdV-C) (three samples) and HAdV-E (five samples) by sequencing followed by phylogenetic analysis. All samples were negative in rotavirus specific RT-PCR. This is the first study to describe the presence of HAdV in samples of Glossophaga soricina, Eptesicus brasiliensis, and Histiotus velatus. Furthermore, the presence of HAdV-E in bats was reported, which is unusual and may suggest that other HAdV genotypes, in addition to HAdV-C, may also be harbored by wild animals. The data generated in the present study reinforces the importance of eco-surveillance of viral agents related to diseases in humans and wild animals. In addition, it is essential to identify possible new hosts or reservoirs that increase the risk of spillover and dissemination of infectious pathogens, helping to prevent and control zoonotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Sita
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Molecular, Universidade Feevale, Novo Hamburgo, Rio Grande Do Sul, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Espíndola Birlem
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Molecular, Universidade Feevale, Novo Hamburgo, Rio Grande Do Sul, Brazil
| | - Deivid de Souza da Silva
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Molecular, Universidade Feevale, Novo Hamburgo, Rio Grande Do Sul, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Mattos Possamai
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Molecular, Universidade Feevale, Novo Hamburgo, Rio Grande Do Sul, Brazil
| | - Karla Petry
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Molecular, Universidade Feevale, Novo Hamburgo, Rio Grande Do Sul, Brazil
| | - Paula Rodrigues de Almeida
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Molecular, Universidade Feevale, Novo Hamburgo, Rio Grande Do Sul, Brazil
- Hospital Veterinário, Universidade Feevale, Campo Bom, Rio Grande Do Sul, Brazil
| | - Larissa Mallmann
- Hospital Veterinário, Universidade Feevale, Campo Bom, Rio Grande Do Sul, Brazil
| | - Janaína Franciele Stein
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Molecular, Universidade Feevale, Novo Hamburgo, Rio Grande Do Sul, Brazil
| | - Meriane Demoliner
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Molecular, Universidade Feevale, Novo Hamburgo, Rio Grande Do Sul, Brazil
| | - Juliana Schons Gularte
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Molecular, Universidade Feevale, Novo Hamburgo, Rio Grande Do Sul, Brazil
| | - Alana Witt Hansen
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Molecular, Universidade Feevale, Novo Hamburgo, Rio Grande Do Sul, Brazil
| | - André Alberto Witt
- Secretaria da Agricultura, Pecuária, Produção Sustentável e Irrigação Do Rio Grande Do Sul (SEAPI-RS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande Do Sul, Brazil
| | - Caroline Rigotto
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Molecular, Universidade Feevale, Novo Hamburgo, Rio Grande Do Sul, Brazil
| | - Juliane Deise Fleck
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Molecular, Universidade Feevale, Novo Hamburgo, Rio Grande Do Sul, Brazil
| | - Fernando Rosado Spilki
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Molecular, Universidade Feevale, Novo Hamburgo, Rio Grande Do Sul, Brazil
- Hospital Veterinário, Universidade Feevale, Campo Bom, Rio Grande Do Sul, Brazil
| | - Daniela Tonini da Rocha
- Centro de Diagnóstico E Pesquisa Em Patologia Aviária (CDPA), Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande Do Sul, Brazil
| | - Matheus Nunes Weber
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Molecular, Universidade Feevale, Novo Hamburgo, Rio Grande Do Sul, Brazil.
- Hospital Veterinário, Universidade Feevale, Campo Bom, Rio Grande Do Sul, Brazil.
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Violet-Lozano L, Haach V, Barboza CM, Dos Santos J, Gomes BF, de Cassia Pardo de Souza T, Junior PC, Arns CW, de Carvalho Ruthner Batista HB, Roehe PM, Franco AC. No molecular evidence for influenza A virus and coronavirus in bats belonging to the families Phyllostomidae, Vespertilionidae, and Molossidae in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Braz J Microbiol 2023; 54:523-9. [PMID: 36422849 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-022-00878-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate, by molecular methods, the presence of influenza A virus (IAV) and coronavirus in non-hematophagous bats collected in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Samples of lung tissue and small intestine from 105 bats belonging to three families (Phyllostomidae, Vespertilionidae, and Molossidae) were collected in 22 municipalities in the state of São Paulo. Genetic identification of bats species was performed by amplification and sequencing of a fragment of 710 bp of the mitochondrial COI gene. In the detection of IAV, genomes were performed by RT-PCR, aiming at the amplification of a 245-bp fragment of the IAV matrix (M) protein gene. For coronaviruses, two fragments of 602 and 440 bp corresponding to segments along the gene encoding the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) were targeted. The detection limit for each of the PCRs was also determined. All samples analyzed here were negative for both viruses, and the lower limit of detection of the PCRs for the amplification of influenza virus A and coronavirus was estimated at 3.5 × 103 and 4.59 genomic copies per microliter, respectively. Although bats have been shown to harbor a large number of pathogens, the results of the present study support the theory that virus circulation in bats in the wild often occurs at low viral loads and that our understanding of the complex infectious dynamics of these viruses in wild conditions is still limited.
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Hernández-Aguilar I, Lorenzo C, Santos-Moreno A, Naranjo EJ, Navarrete-Gutiérrez D. Coronaviruses in Bats: A Review for the Americas. Viruses 2021; 13:1226. [PMID: 34201926 PMCID: PMC8310043 DOI: 10.3390/v13071226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus is the focus of attention as it has caused more than three million human deaths globally. This and other coronaviruses, such as MERS-CoV, have been suggested to be related to coronaviruses that are hosted in bats. This work shows, through a bibliographic review, the frequency of detection of coronavirus in bats species of the Americas. The presence of coronavirus in bats has been examined in 25 investigations in 11 countries of the Americas between 2007 and 2020. Coronaviruses have been explored in 9371 individuals from 160 species of bats, and 187 coronavirus sequences have been deposited in GenBank distributed in 43 species of bats. While 91% of the coronaviruses sequences identified infect a single species of bat, the remainder show a change of host, dominating the intragenera change. So far, only Mex-CoV-6 is related to MERS-CoV, a coronavirus pathogenic for humans, so further coronavirus research effort in yet unexplored bat species is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itandehui Hernández-Aguilar
- El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Unidad San Cristóbal, San Cristóbal de Las Casas 29290, Chiapas, Mexico; (C.L.); (E.J.N.); (D.N.-G.)
| | - Consuelo Lorenzo
- El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Unidad San Cristóbal, San Cristóbal de Las Casas 29290, Chiapas, Mexico; (C.L.); (E.J.N.); (D.N.-G.)
| | - Antonio Santos-Moreno
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigación para el Desarrollo Integral Regional, Unidad Oaxaca, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Santa Cruz Xoxocotlán 71230, Oaxaca, Mexico;
| | - Eduardo J. Naranjo
- El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Unidad San Cristóbal, San Cristóbal de Las Casas 29290, Chiapas, Mexico; (C.L.); (E.J.N.); (D.N.-G.)
| | - Darío Navarrete-Gutiérrez
- El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Unidad San Cristóbal, San Cristóbal de Las Casas 29290, Chiapas, Mexico; (C.L.); (E.J.N.); (D.N.-G.)
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Müller A, Sepúlveda P, Di Cataldo S, Cevidanes A, Lisón F, Millán J. Molecular investigation of zoonotic intracellular bacteria in Chilean bats. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2020; 73:101541. [PMID: 32911380 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2020.101541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Intracellular pathogens were investigated for the first time in 55 Chilean bats belonging to six species. Using a conventional PCR protocol targeting a fragment of the ITS region, 21 bats (38 %) were positive for DNA of Bartonella sp. Molecular characterization of fragments of the gltA, rpoB and fstZ genes and subsequent phylogenetic analysis indicated the presence of diverse genotypes related to Bartonella from bats worldwide. DNA from C. burnetii was investigated using a real-time PCR (qPCR) protocol targeting the IS1111 gene and yielded positive results for 5 individuals (9%), being the first report of C. burnetii in wildlife in Chile. All bats were negative for Rickettsia sp., evaluated by qPCR for the gltA gene, confirming that bats do not act as important reservoirs for Rickettsia. This preliminary survey calls for more comprehensive studies on the epidemiology of these agents, including larger sample sizes, the evaluation of potential transmission routes and spillover potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananda Müller
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Saint Kitts and Nevis, West Indies, Cote d'Ivoire; Instituto de Ciencias Clínicas Veterinarias, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Paulina Sepúlveda
- Instituto de Ciencias Clínicas Veterinarias, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Sophia Di Cataldo
- PhD Program in Conservation Medicine, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, República 252, Santiago, Chile
| | - Aitor Cevidanes
- PhD Program in Conservation Medicine, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, República 252, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fulgencio Lisón
- Laboratorio de Ecología del Paisaje y Conservación, Departamento de Ciencias Forestales y Medioambiente, Universidad de La Frontera, P.D. Box 45-D, Temuco, Chile; Wildlife Ecology and Conservation Lab, Departamento de Zoología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160-C, Concepción, Chile
| | - Javier Millán
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, República 252, Santiago, Chile; Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA), Miguel Servet 177, 50013, Zaragoza, Spain; Fundación ARAID, Avda. de Ranillas, 50018, Zaragoza, Spain.
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Clément L, Dietrich M, Markotter W, Fasel NJ, Monadjem A, López-Baucells A, Scaravelli D, Théou P, Pigeault R, Ruedi M, Christe P. Out of Africa: The origins of the protozoan blood parasites of the Trypanosoma cruzi clade found in bats from Africa. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2020; 145:106705. [PMID: 31821880 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2019.106705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Understanding geographic patterns of interaction between hosts and parasites can provide useful insight into the evolutionary history of the organisms involved. However, poor taxon sampling often hinders meaningful phylogenetic descriptions of groups of parasites. Trypanosome parasites that constitute the Trypanosoma cruzi clade are worldwide distributed infecting several mammalian species, especially bats. Diversity in this clade has been recently expanded by newly discovered species, but the common ancestor and geographical origins of this group of blood parasites are still debated. We present here results based on the molecular characterization of trypanosome isolates obtained from 1493 bats representing 74 species and sampled over 16 countries across four continents. After estimating the appropriate number of hypothetical species in our data set using GMYC models in combination with Poisson Tree Processes (mPTP) and ABGD, the 18S rRNA and gGAPDH genes were used for phylogenetic analyses to infer the major evolutionary relationships in the T. cruzi clade. Then, biogeographical processes influencing the distribution of this cosmopolitan group of parasites was inferred using BioGeoBEARS. Results revealed a large lineages diversity and the presence of trypanosomes in all sampled regions which infected 344 individuals from 31 bat species. We found eight Trypanosoma species, including: five previously known; one subspecies of Trypanosoma livingstonei (Trypanosoma cf. livingstonei); and two undescribed taxa (Trypanosoma sp. 1, Trypanosoma sp. 2), which were found exclusively in bats of the genus Miniopterus from Europe and Africa. The new taxa discovered have both an unexpected position in the global phylogeny of the T. cruzi clade. Trypanosoma sp. 1 is a sister lineage of T. livingstonei which is located at the base of the tree, whereas Trypanosoma sp. 2 is a sister lineage of the Shizotrypanum subclade that contains T. c. cruzi and T. dionisii. Ancestral areas reconstruction provided evidence that trypanosomes of the T. cruzi clade have radiated from Africa through several dispersion events across the world. We discuss the impact of these findings on the biogeography and taxonomy of this important clade of parasites and question the role played by bats, especially those from the genus Miniopterus, on the dispersal of these protozoan parasites between continents.
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Kundu S, Kumar V, Tyagi K, Rath S, Pakrashi A, Saren PC, Laishram K, Chandra K. Mitochondrial DNA identified bat species in northeast India: electrocution mortality and biodiversity loss. Mitochondrial DNA B Resour 2019; 4:2454-2458. [PMID: 33365582 PMCID: PMC7687647 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2019.1638320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Northeast India with two biodiversity hotspots is recognized as a biodiversity-rich region. However, several extant animals including chiropterans are currently at jeopardy due to habitat loss, electrocution mortality, and other anthropogenic threats. This study examines the efficacy of mitochondrial Cytochrome b (mtCytb) sequences for species-level identification of five electrocuted bat specimens from Manipur state. The similarity search results in the global database, Kimura 2 parameter (K2P) genetic distances, and neighbor-joining (NJ) tree identified all bat specimens into two species, Cynopterus sphinx and Megaerops niphanae. The detection of M. niphanae is the first record of this mammal from the state. In comparison with other Pteropodidae species, the genetic distances clearly discriminate both C. sphinx (7.9–30.2%) and M. niphanae (12.2–25.7%). In addition, the combined tree analysis of present and earlier genetic information of C. sphinx suggested the presence of cryptic lineages and sympatric population in India. This similar approach with more sampling from a wide distribution area could assist the future genetics research on chiropterans and their precise conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shantanu Kundu
- Centre for DNA Taxonomy, Molecular Systematics Division, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, India
| | - Vikas Kumar
- Centre for DNA Taxonomy, Molecular Systematics Division, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, India
| | - Kaomud Tyagi
- Centre for DNA Taxonomy, Molecular Systematics Division, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, India
| | - Shibananda Rath
- Freshwater Fish Section, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, India
| | - Avas Pakrashi
- Centre for DNA Taxonomy, Molecular Systematics Division, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, India
| | | | - Kosygin Laishram
- Freshwater Fish Section, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, India
| | - Kailash Chandra
- Centre for DNA Taxonomy, Molecular Systematics Division, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, India.,Freshwater Fish Section, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, India.,Wildlife Section, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, India
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Santana Lima VF, Rocha PA, Dias Silva MA, Beltrão-Mendes R, Ramos RAN, Giannelli A, Rinaldi L, Cringoli G, Estrela PC, Alves LC. Survey on helminths and protozoa of free-living Neotropical bats from Northeastern Brazil. Acta Trop 2018; 185:267-272. [PMID: 29883575 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2018.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Bats are considered important reservoirs of pathogens of veterinary and medical relevance worldwide. However, despite the increasing attention paid towards the central role of bats in the spreading of some zoonotic infections, studies on their own parasites remain patchy especially in Neotropical regions. Understanding the relationships occurring between bats and their pathogens is a crucial step to determine the implications undermining the ecology and biology of these animals. The present study aims to assess the endoparasitic fauna of Neotropical bats from Northeastern Brazil, with a particular focus on helminths and protozoa. From October 2016 to March 2017, 54 fresh faecal samples were collected in stable shelters inhabited by three different bat species (i.e., Molossus molossus, Myotis lavali and Noctilio albiventris). Samples were analysed using four different techniques (i.e., Centrifugal Sedimentation, Flotation Technique, Spontaneous Sedimentation Technique and FLOTAC®). A total of 96.29% (52/54) samples were positive for at least one gastrointestinal parasite and 11 different families were identified. In particular, 63.6% (7/11) of the families were of helminths and 36.4% (4/11) of protozoa. Helminths were classified into two different classes (Nematoda and Cestoda) and seven families, whereas the four protozoa classes detected (i.e., Coccidia, Gregarinomorphe, Lobosea and Zoomastigophora) into four families. Eggs of Ancylostomatidae and Hymenolepididae were the most abundan. The findings of this present study demonstrate that Neotropical bats from Northeastern Brazil are parasitized by a wide number of parasites, and some of them may have important implications for Public Health.
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