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Peng B, Li H, Liu K, Zhang P, Zhuang Q, Li J, Yang M, Cheng K, Ming Y. Intrahepatic macrophage reprogramming associated with lipid metabolism in hepatitis B virus-related acute-on-chronic liver failure. J Transl Med 2023; 21:419. [PMID: 37380987 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04294-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is a severe syndrome with high short-term mortality, but the pathophysiology still remains largely unknown. Immune dysregulation and metabolic disorders contribute to the progression of ACLF, but the crosstalk between immunity and metabolism during ACLF is less understood. This study aims to depict the immune microenvironment in the liver during ACLF, and explore the role of lipid metabolic disorder on immunity. METHODS Single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) was performed using the liver non-parenchymal cells (NPCs) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from healthy controls, cirrhosis patients and ACLF patients. A series of inflammation-related cytokines and chemokines were detected using liver and plasma samples. The lipid metabolomics targeted free fatty acids (FFAs) in the liver was also detected. RESULTS The scRNA-seq analysis of liver NPCs showed a significant increase of monocytes/macrophages (Mono/Mac) infiltration in ACLF livers, whereas the resident Kupffer cells (KCs) were exhausted. A characterized TREM2+ Mono/Mac subpopulation was identified in ACLF, and showed immunosuppressive function. Combined with the scRNA-seq data from PBMCs, the pseudotime analysis revealed that the TREM2+ Mono/Mac were differentiated from the peripheral monocytes and correlated with lipid metabolism-related genes including APOE, APOC1, FABP5 and TREM2. The targeted lipid metabolomics proved the accumulation of unsaturated FFAs associated with α-linolenic acid (α-LA) and α-LA metabolism and beta oxidation of very long chain fatty acids in the ACLF livers, indicating that unsaturated FFAs might promote the differentiation of TREM2+ Mono/Mac during ACLF. CONCLUSIONS The reprogramming of macrophages was found in the liver during ACLF. The immunosuppressive TREM2+ macrophages were enriched in the ACLF liver and contributed to the immunosuppressive hepatic microenvironment. The accumulation of unsaturated FFAs in the ACLF liver promoted the reprogramming of the macrophages. It might be a potential target to improve the immune deficiency of ACLF patients through regulating lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Peng
- Transplantation Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan, 410013, Changsha, China
- Engineering and Technology Research Center for Transplantation Medicine of National Health Commission, Changsha, China
| | - Hao Li
- Transplantation Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan, 410013, Changsha, China
- Engineering and Technology Research Center for Transplantation Medicine of National Health Commission, Changsha, China
| | - Kai Liu
- Transplantation Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan, 410013, Changsha, China
- Engineering and Technology Research Center for Transplantation Medicine of National Health Commission, Changsha, China
| | - Pengpeng Zhang
- Transplantation Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan, 410013, Changsha, China
- Engineering and Technology Research Center for Transplantation Medicine of National Health Commission, Changsha, China
| | - Quan Zhuang
- Transplantation Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan, 410013, Changsha, China
- Engineering and Technology Research Center for Transplantation Medicine of National Health Commission, Changsha, China
| | - Junhui Li
- Transplantation Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan, 410013, Changsha, China
- Engineering and Technology Research Center for Transplantation Medicine of National Health Commission, Changsha, China
| | - Min Yang
- Transplantation Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan, 410013, Changsha, China
- Engineering and Technology Research Center for Transplantation Medicine of National Health Commission, Changsha, China
| | - Ke Cheng
- Transplantation Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan, 410013, Changsha, China
- Engineering and Technology Research Center for Transplantation Medicine of National Health Commission, Changsha, China
| | - Yingzi Ming
- Transplantation Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan, 410013, Changsha, China.
- Engineering and Technology Research Center for Transplantation Medicine of National Health Commission, Changsha, China.
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Lebossé F, Gudd C, Tunc E, Singanayagam A, Nathwani R, Triantafyllou E, Pop O, Kumar N, Mukherjee S, Hou TZ, Quaglia A, Zoulim F, Wendon J, Dhar A, Thursz M, Antoniades CG, Khamri W. CD8 +T cells from patients with cirrhosis display a phenotype that may contribute to cirrhosis-associated immune dysfunction. EBioMedicine 2019; 49:258-68. [PMID: 31678004 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cirrhosis-associated immune dysfunction (CAID) contributes to high sepsis risk in patients with chronic liver disease. Various innate and; to a lesser extent; adaptive immune dysfunctions have been described as contributors to CAID leading to immune-paresis and impaired anti-microbial response in cirrhosis. In this study, we examined the phenotype of CD8+T cells in chronic liver disease with the aim to evaluate changes that might contribute to impaired immune responses. METHODS Sixty patients with cirrhosis were prospectively recruited for this study. CD8+T cells from peripheral blood, ascites and liver explants were characterized using flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry, respectively. The transcriptional signature of flow-sorted HLA-DR+CD8+T cells was performed using Nanostring™ technology. HLA-DR+CD8+T cells interactions with PBMCs and myeloid cells were tested in vitro. FINDINGS Peripheral CD8+T cells from cirrhotic patients displayed an altered phenotype characterized by high HLA-DR and TIM-3 surface expression associated with concomitant infections and disease severity, respectively. Paired peritoneal CD8+T cells expressed more pronounced levels of HLA-DR and PD-1 compared to peripheral CD8+T cells. HLA-DR+CD8+T cells were enriched in cirrhotic livers compared to controls. TIM-3, CTLA-4 and PD-1 levels were highly expressed on HLA-DR+CD8+T cells and co-expression of HLA-DR and PD1 was higher in patients with poor disease outcomes. Genes involved in cytokines production and intracellular signalling pathways were strongly down-regulated in HLA-DR+CD8+T cells. In comparison to their HLA-DR- counterparts, HLA-DR+CD8+T cells promoted less proliferation of PBMCs and induced phenotypic and functional dysfunctions in monocytes and neutrophils in vitro. INTERPRETATION In patients with cirrhosis, CD8+T cells display a phenotypic, functional and transcriptional profile which may contribute to CAID. FUND: This work was supported by Medical Research Council, the Rosetrees Charitable Trust, Robert Tournut 2016 grant (Sociéte Nationale Française de GastroEntérologie), Gilead® sciences, and NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre.
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Lebossé F, Gudd C, Tunc E, Singanayagam A, Nathwani R, Triantafyllou E, Pop O, Kumar N, Mukherjee S, Hou TZ, Quaglia A, Zoulim F, Wendon J, Dhar A, Thursz M, Antoniades CG, Khamri W. CD8 +T cells from patients with cirrhosis display a phenotype that may contribute to cirrhosis-associated immune dysfunction. EBioMedicine 2019; 49:258-268. [PMID: 31678004 PMCID: PMC6945243 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cirrhosis-associated immune dysfunction (CAID) contributes to high sepsis risk in patients with chronic liver disease. Various innate and; to a lesser extent; adaptive immune dysfunctions have been described as contributors to CAID leading to immune-paresis and impaired anti-microbial response in cirrhosis. In this study, we examined the phenotype of CD8+T cells in chronic liver disease with the aim to evaluate changes that might contribute to impaired immune responses. METHODS Sixty patients with cirrhosis were prospectively recruited for this study. CD8+T cells from peripheral blood, ascites and liver explants were characterized using flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry, respectively. The transcriptional signature of flow-sorted HLA-DR+CD8+T cells was performed using Nanostring™ technology. HLA-DR+CD8+T cells interactions with PBMCs and myeloid cells were tested in vitro. FINDINGS Peripheral CD8+T cells from cirrhotic patients displayed an altered phenotype characterized by high HLA-DR and TIM-3 surface expression associated with concomitant infections and disease severity, respectively. Paired peritoneal CD8+T cells expressed more pronounced levels of HLA-DR and PD-1 compared to peripheral CD8+T cells. HLA-DR+CD8+T cells were enriched in cirrhotic livers compared to controls. TIM-3, CTLA-4 and PD-1 levels were highly expressed on HLA-DR+CD8+T cells and co-expression of HLA-DR and PD1 was higher in patients with poor disease outcomes. Genes involved in cytokines production and intracellular signalling pathways were strongly down-regulated in HLA-DR+CD8+T cells. In comparison to their HLA-DR- counterparts, HLA-DR+CD8+T cells promoted less proliferation of PBMCs and induced phenotypic and functional dysfunctions in monocytes and neutrophils in vitro. INTERPRETATION In patients with cirrhosis, CD8+T cells display a phenotypic, functional and transcriptional profile which may contribute to CAID. FUND: This work was supported by Medical Research Council, the Rosetrees Charitable Trust, Robert Tournut 2016 grant (Sociéte Nationale Française de GastroEntérologie), Gilead® sciences, and NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Lebossé
- Division of Integrative Systems Medicine and Digestive Diseases, Department of Surgery and Cancer, St. Mary's Campus Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital, King's College London, United Kingdom; INSERM U1052- Cancer Research Centre of Lyon (CRCL), 69003 Lyon, France
| | - Cathrin Gudd
- Division of Integrative Systems Medicine and Digestive Diseases, Department of Surgery and Cancer, St. Mary's Campus Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Enes Tunc
- Division of Integrative Systems Medicine and Digestive Diseases, Department of Surgery and Cancer, St. Mary's Campus Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Arjuna Singanayagam
- Division of Integrative Systems Medicine and Digestive Diseases, Department of Surgery and Cancer, St. Mary's Campus Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - Rooshi Nathwani
- Division of Integrative Systems Medicine and Digestive Diseases, Department of Surgery and Cancer, St. Mary's Campus Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Evangelos Triantafyllou
- Division of Integrative Systems Medicine and Digestive Diseases, Department of Surgery and Cancer, St. Mary's Campus Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - Oltin Pop
- Division of Integrative Systems Medicine and Digestive Diseases, Department of Surgery and Cancer, St. Mary's Campus Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - Naveenta Kumar
- Division of Integrative Systems Medicine and Digestive Diseases, Department of Surgery and Cancer, St. Mary's Campus Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - Sujit Mukherjee
- Division of Integrative Systems Medicine and Digestive Diseases, Department of Surgery and Cancer, St. Mary's Campus Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tie Zheng Hou
- Institute of Immunity and transplantation, University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Alberto Quaglia
- Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - Fabien Zoulim
- INSERM U1052- Cancer Research Centre of Lyon (CRCL), 69003 Lyon, France
| | - Julia Wendon
- Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - Ameet Dhar
- Division of Integrative Systems Medicine and Digestive Diseases, Department of Surgery and Cancer, St. Mary's Campus Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Thursz
- Division of Integrative Systems Medicine and Digestive Diseases, Department of Surgery and Cancer, St. Mary's Campus Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Charalambos G Antoniades
- Division of Integrative Systems Medicine and Digestive Diseases, Department of Surgery and Cancer, St. Mary's Campus Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - Wafa Khamri
- Division of Integrative Systems Medicine and Digestive Diseases, Department of Surgery and Cancer, St. Mary's Campus Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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