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Rhymes JM, Evans D, Laudone G, Schofield HK, Fry E, Fitzsimons MF. Biochar improves fertility in waste derived manufactured soils, but not resilience to climate change. Sci Total Environ 2024; 923:171387. [PMID: 38432382 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
We present a soil manufactured from waste materials, which could replace the use of peat and topsoil in plant production and reduce the pressure on natural soil resources. We tested the effect of the manufactured soil on ecosystem functions and microbial communities with and without plants present, and with and without biochar addition (Experiment 1). The resilience of the soil in response to drought and flooding, and also the effect of biochar was also tested (Experiment 2). Biochar increased soil C and N regardless of plant presence and negated the effect of the plant on soil peroxidase enzyme activity. The manufactured soil was largely resilient to drought, but not flooding, with negative impacts on microbial communities. Results indicate that biochar could improve soil properties, but not resilience to climatic perturbations. Results suggest that manufactured soils amended with biochar could offer a useful alternative to natural soil in many contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Rhymes
- Biogeochemistry Research Centre, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK; UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Deiniol Road, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, UK.
| | - Daniel Evans
- Biogeochemistry Research Centre, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Giuliano Laudone
- Biogeochemistry Research Centre, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
| | - H Kate Schofield
- Biogeochemistry Research Centre, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Ellen Fry
- Edge Hill University, St Helens Road, Ormskirk, Lancashire L39 4QP, UK
| | - Mark F Fitzsimons
- Biogeochemistry Research Centre, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
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Giacoletti A, Bosch-Belmar M, Mangano MC, Tantillo MF, Sarà G, Milisenda G. Predicting the effect of fouling organisms and climate change on integrated shellfish aquaculture. Mar Pollut Bull 2024; 201:116167. [PMID: 38394793 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Aquaculture industry represents a continuously growing sector playing a fundamental role in pursuing United Nation's goals. Increasing sea-surface temperatures, the growth of encrusting species and current cage cleaning practices proved to affect the productivity of commercial species. Here, through a Dynamic Energy Budget application under two different IPCC scenarios, we investigate the long-term effects of Pennaria disticha fragments' on Mytilus galloprovincialis' functional traits as a result of cage cleaning practices. While Climate-Change did not exert a marked effect on mussels' Life-History traits, the simulated effect of cage cleanings highlighted a positive effect on total weight, fecundity and time to commercial size. West-Mediterranean emerged as the most affected sector, with Malta, Montenegro, Morocco, Syria, Tunisia and Turkey between the top-affected countries. These outcomes confirm the reliability of a DEB-approach in projecting at different spatial and temporal scale eco-physiological results, avoiding the limitation of short-term studies and the difficulties of long-term ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Giacoletti
- Dept. of Earth and Marine Sciences (DiSTeM), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy; NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Piazza Marina 61, 90133 Palermo, Italy; Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Dipartimento di Ecologia Marina Integrata (EMI), Lungomare Cristoforo Colombo (Complesso Roosevelt), 90142 Palermo, Italy.
| | - M Bosch-Belmar
- Dept. of Earth and Marine Sciences (DiSTeM), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy; NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Piazza Marina 61, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - M C Mangano
- NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Piazza Marina 61, 90133 Palermo, Italy; Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Dipartimento di Ecologia Marina Integrata (EMI), Lungomare Cristoforo Colombo (Complesso Roosevelt), 90142 Palermo, Italy
| | - M F Tantillo
- Dept. of Earth and Marine Sciences (DiSTeM), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - G Sarà
- Dept. of Earth and Marine Sciences (DiSTeM), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy; NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Piazza Marina 61, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - G Milisenda
- NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Piazza Marina 61, 90133 Palermo, Italy; Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Dipartimento di Ecologia Marina Integrata (EMI), Lungomare Cristoforo Colombo (Complesso Roosevelt), 90142 Palermo, Italy
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Lal D, Dev D, Kumari S, Pandey S, Aparna, Sharma N, Nandni S, Jha RK, Singh A. Fusarium wilt pandemic: current understanding and molecular perspectives. Funct Integr Genomics 2024; 24:41. [PMID: 38386088 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-024-01319-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Plant diseases pose a severe threat to the food security of the global human population. One such disease is Fusarium wilt, which affects many plant species and causes up to 100% yield losses. Fusarium pathogen has high variability in its genetic constitution; therefore, it has evolved into different physiological races to infect different plant species spread across the different geographical regions of the world. The pathogen mainly affects plant roots, leading to colonizing and blocking vascular bundle cells, specifically xylem vessels. This blocking results in chlorosis, vascular discoloration, leaf wilting, shortening of plant, and, in severe cases, premature plant death. Due to the soil-borne nature of the wilt pathogen, neither agronomic nor plant protection measures effectively reduce the incidence of the disease. Therefore, the most cost-effective management strategy for Fusarium wilt is developing varieties resistant to a particular race of the fungus wilt prevalent in a given region. This strategy requires understanding the pathogen, its disease cycle, and epidemiology with climate-changing scenarios. Hence, in the review, we will discuss the pathogenic aspect and genetics of the Fusarium wilt, including molecular interventions for developing climate-smart wilt tolerant/resistant varieties of crops. Overall, this review will add to our knowledge for advancing the breeding of resistance against the wilt pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalpat Lal
- College of Agriculture, Jodhpur, Agriculture University, Jodhpur, 342304, Rajasthan, India
| | - Devanshu Dev
- Department of Plant Pathology, Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour, 813210, Bhagalpur, Bihar, India
| | - Sarita Kumari
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology & Molecular Biology, CBS&H, RPCAU-Pusa, Samastipur, India
| | - Saurabh Pandey
- Department of Agriculture, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Aparna
- Department of Agriculture, Jagan Nath University, Chaksu, Jaipur, India
| | - Nilesh Sharma
- Department of Agriculture, Jagan Nath University, Chaksu, Jaipur, India
| | - Sudha Nandni
- Department of Plant Pathology, PGCA, RPCAU, Pusa, 848125, Samastipur, Bihar, India
| | - Ratnesh Kumar Jha
- Centre for Advanced Studies On Climate Change, RPCAU, Pusa, 848125, Samastipur, Bihar, India
| | - Ashutosh Singh
- Centre for Advanced Studies On Climate Change, RPCAU, Pusa, 848125, Samastipur, Bihar, India.
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Dunne H, Rizan C, Jones A, Bhutta MF, Taylor T, Barna S, Taylor CJ, Okorie M. Effectiveness of an online module: climate-change and sustainability in clinical practice. BMC Med Educ 2022; 22:682. [PMID: 36115977 PMCID: PMC9482263 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-022-03734-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Climate change has significant implications for health, yet healthcare provision itself contributes significant greenhouse gas emission. Medical students need to be prepared to address impacts of the changing environment and fulfil a key role in climate mitigation. Here we evaluate the effectiveness of an online module on climate-change and sustainability in clinical practice designed to achieve learning objectives adapted from previously established sustainable healthcare priority learning outcomes. METHODS A multi-media, online module was developed, and 3rd and 4th year medical students at Brighton and Sussex Medical School were invited to enrol. Students completed pre- and post-module questionnaires consisting of Likert scale and white space answer questions. Quantitative and qualitative analysis of responses was performed. RESULTS Forty students enrolled and 33 students completed the module (83% completion rate). There was a significant increase in reported understanding of key concepts related to climate change and sustainability in clinical practice (p < 0.001), with proportion of students indicating good or excellent understanding increasing from between 2 - 21% students to between 91 - 97% students. The majority (97%) of students completed the module within 90 min. All students reported the module was relevant to their training. Thematic analysis of white space responses found students commonly reported they wanted access to more resources related to health and healthcare sustainability, as well as further guidance on how to make practical steps towards reducing the environmental impact within a clinical setting. CONCLUSION This is the first study to evaluate learner outcomes of an online module in the field of sustainable health and healthcare. Our results suggest that completion of the module was associated with significant improvement in self-assessed knowledge of key concepts in climate health and sustainability. We hope this approach is followed elsewhere to prepare healthcare staff for impacts of climate change and to support improving the environmental sustainability of healthcare delivery. TRIAL REGISTRATION Study registered with Brighton and Sussex Medical School Research Governance and Ethics Committee (BSMS RGEC). Reference: ER/BSMS3576/8, Date: 4/3/2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Dunne
- Cambridge University Hospital, Cambridge, UK.
| | - C Rizan
- University Hospitals Sussex NHS Foundation Trust & Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, UK
| | - A Jones
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, BN1 9PX, UK
| | - M F Bhutta
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School & University Hospitals Sussex NHS Foundation Trust GB, Brighton, UK
| | - T Taylor
- University Hospitals Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - S Barna
- Centre for Sustainable Healthcare, 291, Cranbrook house, 287 Bambury Rd, Summertown, Oxford, OX2 7JQ, England
| | - C J Taylor
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, BN1 9PX, UK
| | - M Okorie
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School & University Hospitals Sussex NHS Foundation Trust GB, Brighton, UK
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van Blerk JJ, West AG, Altwegg R, Hoffman MT. Post-fire summer rainfall differentially affects reseeder and resprouter population recovery in fire-prone shrublands of South Africa. Sci Total Environ 2021; 788:147699. [PMID: 34034189 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Summer rainfall can have strong effects on post-fire mediterranean-type shrubland recovery patterns, with potentially long-lasting implications on communities. Our three-year field rainfall manipulation experiment tested post-fire survival and physiological responses of reseeders and resprouters to contrasting summer rainfall patterns in Fynbos and Renosterveld shrublands in South Africa. Climate projections are uncertain for this region but indicate that increased convective summer rainfall events could occur. We irrigated treatment plots during the hottest summer months (i.e. Jan, Feb, March) to contrast the naturally dry summer conditions. This allowed for assessments of the potential limiting effects of summer drought on post-fire vegetation recovery and the responsiveness of vegetation to moisture inputs during this time. Natural summer droughts led to leaf dehydration, reduced photosynthesis and reduced photosynthetic capacity. This had a particularly severe effect on reseeders during the first summer after fire leading to high mortality rates. Summer irrigations strongly reduced levels of reseeder stress and mortality. Resprouters in both vegetation types were physiologically less sensitive to rainfall patterns and showed little drought-related mortality. Comparisons of final population sizes with emergence and survival patterns showed that summer rainfall during the first summer after fire had the potential to strongly alter reseeder population sizes. The physiological sensitivity of plants to summer rainfall patterns was higher in shrubland communities occurring on fine-textured, moderately fertile soils (e.g. Renosterveld). Shrublands occurring on sandy, nutrient-poor soils (e.g. Fynbos) were remarkably insensitive to summer drought after the first summer with lower irrigation responses. Our study demonstrated the potential for variation in post-fire summer rainfall to strongly affect reseeder and resprouter population recovery patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J van Blerk
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa.
| | - A G West
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - R Altwegg
- Centre for Statistics in Ecology, Environment and Conservation, Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - M T Hoffman
- Plant Conservation Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
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Watts MJ, Sarto i Monteys V, Mortyn PG, Kotsila P. The rise of West Nile Virus in Southern and Southeastern Europe: A spatial-temporal analysis investigating the combined effects of climate, land use and economic changes. One Health 2021; 13:100315. [PMID: 34485672 PMCID: PMC8408625 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2021.100315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
West Nile Virus (WNV) has recently emerged as a major public health concern in Europe; its recent expansion also coincided with some remarkable socio-economic and environmental changes, including an economic crisis and some of the warmest temperatures on record. Here we empirically investigate the drivers of this phenomenon at a European wide scale by constructing and analyzing a unique spatial–temporal data-set, that includes data on climate, land-use, the economy, and government spending on environmental related sectors. Drivers and risk factors of WNV were identified by building a conceptual framework, and relationships were tested using a Generalized Additive Model (GAM), which could capture complex non-linear relationships and also account for spatial and temporal auto-correlation. Some of the key risk factors identified in our conceptual framework, such as a higher percentage of wetlands and arable land, climate factors (higher summer rainfall and higher summer temperatures) were positive predictors of WNV infections. Interestingly, winter temperatures of between 2 °C and 6 °C were among some of the strongest predictors of annual WNV infections; one possible explanation for this result is that successful overwintering of infected adult mosquitoes (likely Culex pipiens) is key to the intensity of outbreaks for a given year. Furthermore, lower surface water extent over the summer is also associated with more intense outbreaks, suggesting that drought, which is known to induce positive changes in WNV prevalence in mosquitoes, is also contributing to the upward trend in WNV cases in affected regions. Our indicators representing the economic crisis were also strong predictors of WNV infections, suggesting there is an association between austerity and cuts to key sectors, which could have benefited vector species and the virus during this crucial period. These results, taken in the context of recent winter warming due to climate change, and more frequent droughts, may offer an explanation of why the virus has become so prevalent in Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. Watts
- Institute of Environmental Science and Technology (ICTA), Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
- Corresponding author.
| | - Victor Sarto i Monteys
- Institute of Environmental Science and Technology (ICTA), Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
- Departament d’Agricultura, Ramaderia, Pesca, Alimentació i Medi Natural, Generalitat de Catalunya, Avinguda Meridiana, Barcelona, Spain
| | - P. Graham Mortyn
- Institute of Environmental Science and Technology (ICTA), Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
- Department of Geography, Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Panagiota Kotsila
- Institute of Environmental Science and Technology (ICTA), Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
- Barcelona Laboratory for Urban Environmental Justice and Sustainability (BCNEJ), Institute of Environmental Science and Technology (ICTA), Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
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Watts MJ, Kotsila P, Mortyn PG, Sarto I Monteys V, Urzi Brancati C. Influence of socio-economic, demographic and climate factors on the regional distribution of dengue in the United States and Mexico. Int J Health Geogr 2020; 19:44. [PMID: 33138827 PMCID: PMC7607660 DOI: 10.1186/s12942-020-00241-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study examines the impact of climate, socio-economic and demographic factors on the incidence of dengue in regions of the United States and Mexico. We select factors shown to predict dengue at a local level and test whether the association can be generalized to the regional or state level. In addition, we assess how different indicators perform compared to per capita gross domestic product (GDP), an indicator that is commonly used to predict the future distribution of dengue. METHODS A unique spatial-temporal dataset was created by collating information from a variety of data sources to perform empirical analyses at the regional level. Relevant regions for the analysis were selected based on their receptivity and vulnerability to dengue. A conceptual framework was elaborated to guide variable selection. The relationship between the incidence of dengue and the climate, socio-economic and demographic factors was modelled via a Generalized Additive Model (GAM), which also accounted for the spatial and temporal auto-correlation. RESULTS The socio-economic indicator (representing household income, education of the labour force, life expectancy at birth, and housing overcrowding), as well as more extensive access to broadband are associated with a drop in the incidence of dengue; by contrast, population growth and inter-regional migration are associated with higher incidence, after taking climate into account. An ageing population is also a predictor of higher incidence, but the relationship is concave and flattens at high rates. The rate of active physicians is associated with higher incidence, most likely because of more accurate reporting. If focusing on Mexico only, results remain broadly similar, however, workforce education was a better predictor of a drop in the incidence of dengue than household income. CONCLUSIONS Two lessons can be drawn from this study: first, while higher GDP is generally associated with a drop in the incidence of dengue, a more granular analysis reveals that the crucial factors are a rise in education (with fewer jobs in the primary sector) and better access to information or technological infrastructure. Secondly, factors that were shown to have an impact of dengue at the local level are also good predictors at the regional level. These indices may help us better understand factors responsible for the global distribution of dengue and also, given a warming climate, may help us to better predict vulnerable populations on a larger scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Watts
- Institute of Environmental Science and Technology (ICTA), Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain.
| | - Panagiota Kotsila
- Institute of Environmental Science and Technology (ICTA), Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
- Barcelona Laboratory for Urban Environmental Justice and Sustainability (BCNEJ), Institute of Environmental Science and Technology (ICTA), Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - P Graham Mortyn
- Institute of Environmental Science and Technology (ICTA), Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
- Department of Geography, Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Victor Sarto I Monteys
- Institute of Environmental Science and Technology (ICTA), Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
- Servei de Sanitat Vegetal, DARP, Generalitat de Catalunya, Av. Meridiana, 38, 08018, Barcelona, Spain
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Tougeron K, Devogel M, van Baaren J, Le Lann C, Hance T. Trans-generational effects on diapause and life-history-traits of an aphid parasitoid. J Insect Physiol 2020; 121:104001. [PMID: 31874137 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2019.104001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Transgenerational effects act on a wide range of insects' life-history traits and can be involved in the control of developmental plasticity, such as diapause expression. Decrease in or total loss of winter diapause expression recently observed in some species could arise from inhibiting maternal effects. In this study, we explored transgenerational effects on diapause expression and traits in one commercial and one Canadian field strain of the aphid parasitoid Aphidius ervi. These strains were reared under short photoperiod (8:16 h LD) and low temperature (14 °C) conditions over two generations. Diapause levels, developmental times, physiological and morphological traits were measured. Diapause levels increased after one generation in the Canadian field but not in the commercial strain. For both strains, the second generation took longer to develop than the first one. Tibia length and wing surface decreased over generations while fat content increased. A crossed-generations experiment focusing on the industrial parasitoid strain showed that offspring from mothers reared at 14 °C took longer to develop, were heavier, taller with wider wings and with more fat reserves than those from mothers reared at 20 °C (8:16 h LD). No effect of the mother rearing conditions was shown on diapause expression. Additionally to direct plasticity of the offspring, results suggest transgenerational plasticity effects on diapause expression, development time, and on the values of life-history traits. We demonstrated that populations showing low diapause levels may recover higher levels through transgenerational plasticity in response to diapause-induction cues, provided that environmental conditions are reaching the induction-thresholds specific to each population. Transgenerational plasticity is thus important to consider when evaluating how insects adapt to changing environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Tougeron
- Institut de recherche en biologie végétale, Département de sciences biologiques, Université de Montréal, 4101, Sherbrooke Est, Montréal, Québec H1X 2B2, Canada; Univ Rennes, CNRS, ECOBIO (écosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution) - UMR 6553, 263 Avenue du Général Leclerc, 35000 Rennes, France; Earth and Life Institute, Centre de recherche sur la biodiversité, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
| | - M Devogel
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ECOBIO (écosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution) - UMR 6553, 263 Avenue du Général Leclerc, 35000 Rennes, France; Earth and Life Institute, Centre de recherche sur la biodiversité, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - J van Baaren
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ECOBIO (écosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution) - UMR 6553, 263 Avenue du Général Leclerc, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - C Le Lann
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ECOBIO (écosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution) - UMR 6553, 263 Avenue du Général Leclerc, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - T Hance
- Earth and Life Institute, Centre de recherche sur la biodiversité, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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Chala D, Roos C, Svenning JC, Zinner D. Species-specific effects of climate change on the distribution of suitable baboon habitats - Ecological niche modeling of current and Last Glacial Maximum conditions. J Hum Evol 2019; 132:215-226. [PMID: 31203848 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2019.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Baboons (genus Papio) have been proposed as a possible analogous phylogeographic model for intra-African dispersal of hominins during the Pleistocene. Previous studies of the genus reveal complex evolutionary dynamics including introgressive hybridization and, as for hominins, it has been hypothesized that past climate change has been a major driver in their evolutionary history. However, how historical climate changes affected the distribution and extent of baboon habitats is not clear. We therefore employed three ecological niche modeling algorithms (maximum entropy model: MaxEnt; general additive model: GAM; gradient boosting model: GBM) to map suitable habitat of baboons at both genus and species levels under two extreme late-Quaternary climates: current (warm period) and Last Glacial Maximum (LGM, cold period). The three model algorithms predicted habitat suitabilities for the baboon species with high accuracy, as indicated by AUC values of 0.83-0.85 at genus level and ≥0.90 for species. The results suggest that climate change from LGM to current affected the distribution and extent of suitable habitats for the genus Papio only slightly (>80% of the habitat remained suitable). However, and in contrast to our expectation for ecological generalists, individual species have been differentially affected. While P. ursinus and P. anubis lost some of their suitable habitats (net loss 25.5% and 13.3% respectively), P. kindae and P. papio gained large portions (net gain >62%), and P. cynocephalus and P. hamadryas smaller portions (net gain >20%). Overlap among the specific realized climate niches remained small, suggesting only slight overlap of suitable habitat among species. Results of our study further suggest that shifts of suitable habitats could have led to isolation and reconnection of populations which most likely affected gene flow among them. The impact of historic climate changes on baboon habitats might have been similar for other savanna living species, such as hominins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desalegn Chala
- Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, PO Box 1172, Blindern, 0318 Oslo, Norway; Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, Gaustadalléen 21, 0349 Oslo, Norway
| | - Christian Roos
- Gene Bank of Primates, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Kellnerweg 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany; Primate Genetics Laboratory, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Kellnerweg 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jens-Christian Svenning
- Center for Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing World (BIOCHANGE), Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 114, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; Section for Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 114, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Dietmar Zinner
- Cognitive Ethology Laboratory, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Kellnerweg 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
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Ker Rault PA, Koundouri P, Akinsete E, Ludwig R, Huber-Garcia V, Tsani S, Acuna V, Kalogianni E, Luttik J, Kok K, Skoulikidis N, Froebrich J. Down scaling of climate change scenarii to river basin level: A transdisciplinary methodology applied to Evrotas river basin, Greece. Sci Total Environ 2019; 660:1623-1632. [PMID: 30743953 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.12.369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The Mediterranean region is anticipated to be (or, already is) one of the hot spots for climate change, where freshwater ecosystems are under threat from the effects of multiple stressors. Climate change is impacting natural resources and on the functioning of Ecosystem Services. The challenges about modelling climate change impact on water cycle in general and specifically on socio-economic dynamics of the society leads to an exponential amount of results that restrain interpretation and added value of forecasting at local level. One of the main challenges when dealing with climate change projections is the quantification of uncertainties. Modellers might have limited information or understanding from local river catchment management practices and from other disciplines with relevant insights on socio-economic and environmental complex relationship between biosphere and human based activities. Current General Circulation Models cannot fulfil the requirements of high spatial detail required for water management policy. This article reports an innovative transdisciplinary methodology to down scale Climate Change scenarii to river basin level with a special focus on the development of climate change narrative under SSP5-RCP8.5 combination called Myopic scenario and SSP1-RCP4.5 combination called Sustainable scenario. Local Stakeholder participative workshop in the Evrotas river basin provide perception of expected changes on water demand under to two developed scenario narratives.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Phoebe Koundouri
- ATHENA Research and Innovation Center, Athens Greece; Athens University of Economics and Business, School of Economics, ReSEES Laboratory, Athens Greece
| | - Ebun Akinsete
- ATHENA Research and Innovation Center, Athens Greece; Athens University of Economics and Business, School of Economics, ReSEES Laboratory, Athens Greece
| | - Ralf Ludwig
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaet Muenchen, Luisenstr. 37, 80333 Munich, Germany
| | - Verena Huber-Garcia
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaet Muenchen, Luisenstr. 37, 80333 Munich, Germany
| | - Stella Tsani
- ATHENA Research and Innovation Center, Athens Greece; Athens University of Economics and Business, School of Economics, ReSEES Laboratory, Athens Greece
| | - Vicenc Acuna
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Girona, Spain
| | - Eleni Kalogianni
- Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Inland Waters, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, 46.7 km Athinon - Souniou Av., 190 13, P.O. Box 712, Anavissos, Greece
| | - Joke Luttik
- Wageningen Environmental Research, 6708 PB Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Kasper Kok
- Wageningen University, 6708 PB Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Nikolaos Skoulikidis
- Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Inland Waters, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, 46.7 km Athinon - Souniou Av., 190 13, P.O. Box 712, Anavissos, Greece
| | - Jochen Froebrich
- Wageningen Environmental Research, 6708 PB Wageningen, Netherlands
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