Ko HJ, Kim JH, Lee GS, Shin T. Sulforaphane controls the release of paracrine factors by keratinocytes and thus mitigates particulate matter-induced premature skin aging by suppressing melanogenesis and maintaining collagen homeostasis.
Phytomedicine 2020;
77:153276. [PMID:
32659677 DOI:
10.1016/j.phymed.2020.153276]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Skin aging, potentially caused by exposure to particulate matter (PM)2.5, is characterized by wrinkling, abnormal pigmentation, and skin dryness triggered by several keratinocyte-derived paracrine factors. Sulforaphane (4-methylsulfinylbutyl isothiocyanate, SFN), commonly found in cruciferous vegetables, has diverse biological effects on skin tissue.
PURPOSE
In the present study, we have investigated whether SFN may alleviate PM2.5-induced premature skin aging.
METHODS
We used keratinocyte/melanocyte or keratinocyte/fibroblast coculture models of skin cells and measured the parameters of melanogenesis, collagen homeostasis and inflammation.
RESULTS
SFN inhibited the development of reactive oxygen species in keratinocytes exposed to PM2.5. In keratinocyte/melanocyte cocultures, it significantly inhibited the upregulation of melanogenic paracrine mediators (including endothelin-1 and prostaglandin E2) in keratinocytes exposed to PM2.5; the synthesis of melanogenic proteins including microphthalmia-associated transcription factor, tyrosinase-related protein 1, and tyrosinase; and the levels of melanin in melanocytes. SFN treatment of keratinocyte/fibroblast cocultures significantly reduced the PM2.5-induced expression of NF-κB-mediated cytokines including interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor α, and cyclooxygenase-2. In fibroblasts of the keratinocyte/fibroblast coculture system, the expression levels of phospho-NF-κB, cysteine-rich protein 61, and matrix metalloproteinase-1 were significantly decreased whereas procollagen type I synthesis was significantly increased.
CONCLUSION
Collectively, our results suggest that SFN mitigates PM2.5-induced premature skin aging by suppressing melanogenesis and maintaining collagen homeostasis. It acts by regulating the release of paracrine factors from keratinocytes.
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