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Luo Z, Ye C, Xiao H, Yin J, Liang Y, Ruan Z, Luo D, Gao D, Tan Q, Li Y, Zhang Q, Liu W, Wu J. Optimization of loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay for robust visualization in SARS-CoV-2 and emerging variants diagnosis. Chem Eng Sci 2022; 251:117430. [PMID: 35043022 PMCID: PMC8757654 DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2022.117430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) is widely used in detection of pathogenic microorganisms including SARS-CoV-2. However, the performance of LAMP assay needs further exploration in the emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants test. Here, we design serials of primers and select an optimal set for LAMP-based on SARS-CoV-2 N gene for a robust and visual assay in SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis. The limit of detectable template reaches 10 copies of N gene per 25 μL reaction at isothermal 58℃ within 40 min. Importantly, the primers for LAMP assay locate at 12 to 213 nt of N gene, a highly conservative region, which serves as a compatible test in emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants. Comparison to a commercial qPCR assay, this LAMP assay exerts the high viability in diagnosis of 41 clinical samples. Our study optimizes an advantageous LAMP assay for colorimetric detection of SARS-CoV-2 and emerging variants, which is hopeful to be a promising test in COVID-19 surveillance.
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Key Words
- COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019
- CRISPR, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats
- Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic
- Ct, threshold cycle
- Emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants
- IVD, in-vitro diagnosis
- LAMP, Loop-mediated isothermal amplification
- Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP)
- NGS, next-generation sequencing
- POC, point-of-care
- RT-qPCR, real-time reverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction
- SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
- Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) diagnosis
- VOC, variants of concern
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.,Foshan Institute of Medical Microbiology, Foshan 528315, China
| | - Chunhong Ye
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Heng Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.,Foshan Institute of Medical Microbiology, Foshan 528315, China
| | - Jialing Yin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yicong Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Zhihui Ruan
- Foshan Institute of Medical Microbiology, Foshan 528315, China
| | - Danju Luo
- Department of Pathology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Daolong Gao
- Guangdong Longfan Biological Science and Technology Company, Shunde District, Foshan 528315, China
| | - Qiuping Tan
- Guangdong Longfan Biological Science and Technology Company, Shunde District, Foshan 528315, China
| | - Yongkui Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.,Foshan Institute of Medical Microbiology, Foshan 528315, China
| | - Qiwei Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.,Foshan Institute of Medical Microbiology, Foshan 528315, China
| | - Weiyong Liu
- Tongji Hospital of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Jianguo Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.,Foshan Institute of Medical Microbiology, Foshan 528315, China.,Guangdong Longfan Biological Science and Technology Company, Shunde District, Foshan 528315, China
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Shaikh AB, Fang H, Li M, Chen S, Shang P, Shang X. Reduced expression of carbonic anhydrase III in skeletal muscles could be linked to muscle fatigue: A rat muscle fatigue model. J Orthop Translat 2020; 22:116-23. [PMID: 32440507 DOI: 10.1016/j.jot.2019.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Carbonic anhydrase III (CAIII) is expressed abundantly in slow skeletal muscles, adipocytes, and the liver. It plays a critical role in maintaining intracellular pH, antioxidation, and energy metabolism, which are further involved in fatigue. However, its function and mechanism in maintaining the physiological function of muscles or antifatigue are still ambiguous. We hypothesized that changes of CAIII in skeletal muscles might be related to the occurrence of muscle fatigue. Method After establishing a rat soleus muscle fatigue model, we measured the protein expression of the CAIII in muscles. And the muscle intracellular biochemical indices [malondialdehyde (MDA), adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and lactic acid] were also measured using assay kits. After transfected by CAIII-overexpressing and knockdown lentiviral vectors, the rat soleus muscles were induced to fatigue to investigate the effects and possible molecular mechanisms of CAIII in antifatigue. Results The expression of CAIII in fatigued soleus muscles was significantly decreased compared with that of the control group (P < 0.001). Moreover, the ATP level in the fatigued muscle also significantly decreased, whereas lactic acid and MDA levels were significantly increased (P < 0.001). After posttransfection for 21 days, CAIII levels in muscles were significantly reduced in the CAIII-interfering lentivirus group, but increased in the CAIII-overexpressed lentivirus group (P < 0.001). In addition, CAIII knockdown muscles showed more reduction of the maximal muscle force and ATP levels and more increase of MDA and lactic acid levels during the fatigue test than the control group, (P < 0.05). On the other hand, CAIII-overexpressed muscles showed less reduction of the maximal muscle force and ATP levels and less increase of MDA and lactic acid levels during muscle fatigue than the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusions Our study showed that soleus muscle fatigue induced by electrical stimulation could result in downregulation of CAIII and ATP levels and accumulation of lactic acid and MDA. Further study showed that CAIII knockdown led to more reduction of the maximal muscle force, whereas CAIII overexpression showed less reduction of the maximal muscle force, which suggested that CAIII levels in muscles might be related to the occurrence of muscle fatigue. Translational potential CAIII plays an important role in muscle fatigue. Up-regulating the expression of CAIII might contribute to dissipating fatigue, which would provide a new method to solve the difficulties in eliminating muscular fatigue.
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Key Words
- ATP, adenosine triphosphate
- CAIII, carbonic anhydrase III
- CAs, carbonic anhydrases
- Carbonic anhydrase III
- Ct, threshold cycle
- MDA, malondialdehyde
- Muscle fatigue
- NS, saline injection group
- PBS, phosphate-buffered saline
- PBST, PBS with Tween 20
- PVDF, polyvinylidene difluoride
- RIPA, radioimmunoprecipitation assay
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- SD, Sprague Dawley
- SDS–PAGE gel, sodium dodecyl sulphate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
- Soleus muscle
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Stark MS, Klein K, Weide B, Haydu LE, Pflugfelder A, Tang YH, Palmer JM, Whiteman DC, Scolyer RA, Mann GJ, Thompson JF, Long GV, Barbour AP, Soyer HP, Garbe C, Herington A, Pollock PM, Hayward NK. The Prognostic and Predictive Value of Melanoma-related MicroRNAs Using Tissue and Serum: A MicroRNA Expression Analysis. EBioMedicine 2015; 2:671-80. [PMID: 26288839 PMCID: PMC4534690 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2015.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Revised: 05/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The overall 5-year survival for melanoma is 91%. However, if distant metastasis occurs (stage IV), cure rates are < 15%. Hence, melanoma detection in earlier stages (stages I–III) maximises the chances of patient survival. We measured the expression of a panel of 17 microRNAs (miRNAs) (MELmiR-17) in melanoma tissues (stage III; n = 76 and IV; n = 10) and serum samples (collected from controls with no melanoma, n = 130; and patients with melanoma (stages I/II, n = 86; III, n = 50; and IV, n = 119)) obtained from biobanks in Australia and Germany. In melanoma tissues, members of the ‘MELmiR-17’ panel were found to be predictors of stage, recurrence, and survival. Additionally, in a minimally-invasive blood test, a seven-miRNA panel (MELmiR-7) detected the presence of melanoma (relative to controls) with high sensitivity (93%) and specificity (≥ 82%) when ≥ 4 miRNAs were expressed. Moreover, the ‘MELmiR-7’ panel characterised overall survival of melanoma patients better than both serum LDH and S100B (delta log likelihood = 11, p < 0.001). This panel was found to be superior to currently used serological markers for melanoma progression, recurrence, and survival; and would be ideally suited to monitor tumour progression in patients diagnosed with early metastatic disease (stages IIIa–c/IV M1a–b) to detect relapse following surgical or adjuvant treatment. A seven-miRNA panel (MELmiR-7) detected the presence of melanoma with high sensitivity (93%) and specificity (≥ 82%). In serially collected stage IV specimens, members of the ‘MELmiR-7’ panel confirmed tumour progression in 100% of cases. The ‘MELmiR-7’ panel is superior to currently used serological markers for melanoma progression, recurrence, and survival.
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Key Words
- AGO2, argonaute RISC catalytic component 2
- AJCC, American Joint Committee on Cancer
- AUC, area under the curve
- AUROC, area under the receiver operator curve
- Biomarker
- CI, confidence interval
- Ct, threshold cycle
- DOR, diagnostic odds ratio
- Diagnostic
- FFPE, formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded
- HR, hazard ratio
- LDH, lactate dehydrogenase
- M1a, metastasis to skin, subcutaneous (below the skin) tissue, or lymph nodes in distant parts of the body, with a normal blood LDH level
- M1b, metastasis to the lungs, with a normal blood LDH level
- M1c, metastasis to any other organs, OR distant spread to any site along with an elevated blood LDH level
- MIA, Melanoma Institute of Australia
- Melanoma
- MiRNA
- MicroRNA
- N stage, nodal or number of lymph nodes stage
- NA, not applicable
- NM, nodular melanoma
- OR, odds ratio
- PD1, programmed cell death protein
- Prognostic
- RNA, ribonucleic acid
- S100B, S100 calcium-binding protein B
- SMM, superficial spreading melanoma
- USA, United States of America
- miR, microRNA
- miRNA, microRNA
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell S Stark
- Oncogenomics Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia ; School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia
| | - Kerenaftali Klein
- Statistics Unit, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia ; Clinical Trials and Biostatistics Unit, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia
| | - Benjamin Weide
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Tubingen, Germany
| | - Lauren E Haydu
- Melanoma Institute Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia ; The University of Sydney, Sydney Medical School, Sydney, Australia
| | - Annette Pflugfelder
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Tubingen, Germany ; Dermatology Research Centre, The University of Queensland, School of Medicine, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Yue Hang Tang
- Surgical Oncology Group, The University of Queensland, School of Medicine, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jane M Palmer
- Oncogenomics Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia
| | - David C Whiteman
- Cancer Control Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia
| | - Richard A Scolyer
- Melanoma Institute Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia ; The University of Sydney, Sydney Medical School, Sydney, Australia
| | - Graham J Mann
- Melanoma Institute Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia ; The University of Sydney, Sydney Medical School, Sydney, Australia
| | - John F Thompson
- Melanoma Institute Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia ; The University of Sydney, Sydney Medical School, Sydney, Australia
| | - Georgina V Long
- Melanoma Institute Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia ; The University of Sydney, Sydney Medical School, Sydney, Australia
| | - Andrew P Barbour
- Surgical Oncology Group, The University of Queensland, School of Medicine, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - H Peter Soyer
- Dermatology Research Centre, The University of Queensland, School of Medicine, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Claus Garbe
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Tubingen, Germany
| | - Adrian Herington
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia
| | - Pamela M Pollock
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia
| | - Nicholas K Hayward
- Oncogenomics Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia
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Xu S, Ren Z, Wang Y, Ding X, Jiang Y. Preferential expression of cytochrome CYP CYP2R1 but not CYP1B1 in human cord blood hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Acta Pharm Sin B 2014; 4:464-9. [PMID: 26579418 PMCID: PMC4629107 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2014.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Revised: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes metabolize numerous endogenous substrates, such as retinoids, androgens, estrogens and vitamin D, that can modulate important cellular processes, including proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. The aim of this study is to characterize the expression of CYP genes in CD34+ human cord blood hematopoietic stem and early progenitor cells (CBHSPCs) as a first step toward assessment of the potential biological functions of CYP enzymes in regulating the expansion or differentiation of these cells. CD34+ CBHSPCs were purified from umbilical cord blood via antibody affinity chromatography. Purity of CD34+ CBHSPCs was assessed using fluorescence-activated cell sorting. RNA was isolated from purified CD34+ CBHSPCs and total mononuclear cells (MNCs) for RNA-PCR analysis of CYP expression. Fourteen human CYPs were detected in the initial screening with qualitative RT-PCR in CD34+ CBHSPCs. Further quantitative RNA-PCR analysis of the detected CYP transcripts yielded evidence for preferential expression of CYP2R1 in CD34+ CBHSPCs relative to MNCs; and for greater expression of CYP1B1 in MNCs relative to CD34+ CBHSPCs. These findings provide the basis for further studies on possible functions of CYP2R1 and CYP1B1 in CBHSPCs׳ proliferation and/or differentiation and their potential utility as targets for drugs designed to modulate CD34+ CBHSPC expansion or differentiation.
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Key Words
- CBHSPCs, cord blood HSPCs
- CD34+
- CYP, cytochrome P450
- CYP1B1
- CYP2R1
- Ct, threshold cycle
- Cytochrome P450
- FACS, fluorescence-activated cell sorting
- Gene expression
- HSPCs, hematopoietic stem and early progenitor cells
- Hematopoietic stem cells
- MNCs, mononuclear cells
- OD, optical density
- PCR, polymerase chain reaction
- PE, R-phycoerythrin
- RT, reverse transcription
- bp, base pair
- kbp, kilobase pair
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Burgos-Portugal JA, Mitchell HM, Castaño-Rodríguez N, Kaakoush NO. The role of autophagy in the intracellular survival of Campylobacter concisus. FEBS Open Bio 2014; 4:301-9. [PMID: 24918042 PMCID: PMC4048850 DOI: 10.1016/j.fob.2014.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Revised: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is involved in host clearance of Campylobacter concisus. C. concisus can be found within Campylobacter-containing vacuoles. Some C. concisus strains may subvert autophagy to survive intracellularly. Proteins specific to invasive C. concisus may be involved in autophagy subversion. Proteins of interest in C. concisus infection: ATG4B, ATG7, ATG9B, CTSD and LAMP1.
Campylobacter concisus is an emerging pathogen that has been associated with gastrointestinal diseases. Given the importance of autophagy for the elimination of intracellular bacteria and the subversion of this process by pathogenic bacteria, we investigated the role of autophagy in C. concisus intracellular survival. Gentamicin protection assays were employed to assess intracellular levels of C. concisus within Caco-2 cells, following autophagy induction and inhibition. To assess the interaction between C. concisus and autophagosomes, confocal microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy were employed. Expression levels of 84 genes involved in the autophagy process were measured using qPCR. Autophagy inhibition resulted in two- to four-fold increases in intracellular levels of C. concisus within Caco-2 cells, while autophagy induction resulted in a significant reduction in intracellular levels or bacterial clearance. C. concisus strains with low intracellular survival levels showed a dramatic increase in these levels upon autophagy inhibition. Confocal microscopy showed co-localization of the bacterium with autophagosomes, while transmission electron microscopy identified intracellular bacteria persisting within autophagic vesicles. Further, qPCR showed that following infection, 13 genes involved in the autophagy process were significantly regulated, and a further five showed borderline results, with an overall indication towards a dampening effect exerted by the bacterium on this process. Our data collectively indicates that while autophagy is important for the clearance of C. concisus, some strains may manipulate this process to benefit their intracellular survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose A Burgos-Portugal
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Hazel M Mitchell
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Natalia Castaño-Rodríguez
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Nadeem O Kaakoush
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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Kabeerdoss J, Ferdous S, Balamurugan R, Mechenro J, Vidya R, Santhanam S, Jana AK, Ramakrishna BS. Development of the gut microbiota in southern Indian infants from birth to 6 months: a molecular analysis. J Nutr Sci 2013; 2:e18. [PMID: 25191566 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2013.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2012] [Revised: 01/06/2013] [Accepted: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Acquisition of the gastrointestinal microbiota at birth may have long-term health
impacts. We longitudinally characterised major microbial communities in the faeces of a
cohort of infants using molecular methods. Faecal samples were prospectively obtained at
several time points after birth from eighty-three infants. Real-time PCR using SYBR green
and primers targeted at 16S rRNA gene sequences were used to quantify
Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus acidophilus group,
Bacteroides–Prevotella group, Enterobacteriaceae,
Enterococcus, Clostridium
coccoides–Eubacterium rectale group, Clostridium
leptum group and Staphylococcus. Microbial community abundance
was expressed relative to amplification of sequences conserved universally for domain
bacteria. Faecal copy number of 16S rRNA genes increased non-significantly from a mean of
4·1 × 109/g on day 1 to 1·1 × 1010/g on day 4. All microbial
communities were detected from day 1 after birth. Enterobacteriaceae and
lactobacilli predominated on day 1, while bifidobacteria and staphylocci increased on day
4. Bacteroides–Prevotella and C. coccoides–E.
rectale increased by day 180. C. leptum was detected in half
of the cohort at birth and in a slightly larger percentage by 6 months. Caesarean section
was associated with delayed colonisation by several bacterial communities. Higher
socio-economic status was associated with more abundant lactobacilli and
Bacteroides–Prevotella at 90 and 180 d. Supplemental feeding was
associated with a reduction in Enterobacteriaceae. Microbial colonisation
of the gut was well established on the first day of birth, and relative abundance of
microbial communities was influenced by mode of delivery, socio-economic status and
supplemental feeding. These findings may have relevance to infant nutrition and
growth.
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