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Elicherla NR, Saikiran KV, Anchala K, Elicherla SR, Nuvvula S. Evaluation of the effectiveness of tell-show-do and ask-tell-ask in the management of dental fear and anxiety: a double-blinded randomized control trial. J Dent Anesth Pain Med 2024; 24:57-65. [PMID: 38362257 PMCID: PMC10864706 DOI: 10.17245/jdapm.2024.24.1.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The objective of behavioral guidance is to establish effective communication that aligns with a child's requirements to manage disruptive behavior. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the Tell-Show-Do and Ask-Tell-Ask techniques in managing dental anxiety in children during their initial appointment. Methods The study included 50 children (28 boys and 22 girls) without any prior experience between the ages of 7 and 11 at their first dental visit. The children were randomly categorized into two groups: Group 1, Tell Shows Do, and Group 2, Ask-Tell-Ask. Subsequently, all children underwent noninvasive treatment procedures such as restorations, sealants, and oral prophylaxis. Furthermore, behavioral management techniques were employed based on the allocated group. Finally, anxiety levels for all children were assessed using the Raghavendra, Madhuri, and Sujata Pictorial Scale (RMS-PS) and heart rate at three different intervals (before, during, and after). The obtained data were entered into Microsoft Excel, and statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software. A paired t-test and Mann-Whitney U-test were used to compare the mean and median values of the two groups and determine their effectiveness. Results Children in the TSD group exhibited statistically significant heart rates and RMS-PS scores in intra-group comparisons. However, children in the ask-tell-ask group showed a significant reduction only in the RMS-PS scores (P < 0.001) but not in the measures used to assess heart rate (P < 0.001). Conclusion Tell-Show-Do was more effective than ask-tell-ask in alleviating dental anxiety in children. The simultaneous application of these two strategies can synergistically alleviate dental anxiety during a child's initial dentist appointment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niharika Reddy Elicherla
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Narayana Dental College and Hospital, Nellore, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | | | - Karthik Anchala
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Narayana Dental College and Hospital, Nellore, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Sainath Reddy Elicherla
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Narayana Dental College and Hospital, Nellore, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Sivakumar Nuvvula
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Narayana Dental College and Hospital, Nellore, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Park KN, Karm MH, Seo KS, Kim HJ, Ryoo SH. Patient-controlled sedation using remimazolam during third molar extraction: a case report. J Dent Anesth Pain Med 2024; 24:75-80. [PMID: 38362259 PMCID: PMC10864707 DOI: 10.17245/jdapm.2024.24.1.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Dental sedation plays a pivotal role in alleviating patient anxiety during various procedures. Remimazolam, a benzodiazepine derivative, stands out for its distinctive attributes, particularly its rapid onset of sedation coupled with a brief duration, making it an invaluable option for dental applications. The patient was admitted for the extraction of impacted third molars via patient-controlled sedation and not only demonstrated stable vital signs but also expressed a high level of satisfaction with the procedure. An in-depth analysis of plasma remimazolam concentrations and changes in the Patient State Index revealed negative correlation patterns, highlighting the inherent potential of remimazolam in achieving effective sedation. This expanded research scope aims to provide a more nuanced understanding of the pharmacological responses to remimazolam in dental sedation scenarios. This case report offers valuable insights into the evolving landscape of dental sedation methodologies and paves the way for a more informed and evidence-based approach to the use of remimazolam in patient-controlled sedation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Nam Park
- Department of Dental Anesthesiology, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Myong-Hwan Karm
- Department of Dental Anesthesiology, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Suk Seo
- Department of Dental Anesthesiology, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jeong Kim
- Department of Dental Anesthesiology, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hwa Ryoo
- Department of Dental Anesthesiology, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Tripathy S, Kohli A, Sharma K, Katyayan R, Bhatnagar P, Sahar N. Comparative Evaluation between Lavender Essential Oil and Patchouli Essential Oil in Aromatherapy and Its Effect on Dental Anxiety in Children. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2023; 16:681-685. [PMID: 38162239 PMCID: PMC10753106 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-2674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Dental fear and anxiety is the most common distressing problem for children. Management of dental anxiety in children is one of the most difficult tasks in dentistry. Recently, alternative and contemporary medical approaches such as aromatherapy have received much attention. The potential effects of essential oils such as lavender and patchouli have been found to reduce anxiety, improve mood, and increase sedation. Thus, the study was conducted to compare the evaluation of lavender and patchouli essential oils used in aromatherapy and their effect on dental anxiety in children. Aim To compare the efficacy of lavender and patchouli essential oils in aromatherapy and its effect on dental anxiety in children. Materials and methods A total of 60 children between 6 and 12 years were randomly allocated to either an experimental or control group that received lavender and patchouli before dental treatment. Child anxiety was measured by using the Chotta Bheem-Chutki scale. A pulse oximeter was used to record the pulse rate. Data was tabulated and analyzed by Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software. Results There was a significant reduction in anxiety score and pulse rate between the intervals. Statistical differences were observed in the lavender group compared to patchouli oil. Conclusion The positive effects of both lavender and patchouli oil on children can be used to reduce anxiety in children. In our study, lavender oil showed slightly better results than patchouli oil. How to cite this article Tripathy S, Kohli A, Sharma K, et al. Comparative Evaluation between Lavender Essential Oil and Patchouli Essential Oil in Aromatherapy and Its Effect on Dental Anxiety in Children. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2023;16(5):681-685.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santwana Tripathy
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Mithila Minority Dental College and Hospital, Darbhanga, Bihar, India
| | - Anil Kohli
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, SMBT Dental College and Hospital, Sangamner, Maharashtra, India
| | - Karuna Sharma
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Rama Dental College, Hospital and Research Centre, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rahul Katyayan
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Rama Dental College, Hospital and Research Centre, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Parkhi Bhatnagar
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Rama Dental College, Hospital and Research Centre, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Najmus Sahar
- Department Public Health Dentistry, Teerthanker Mahaveer Dental College, Hospital and Research Centre, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Shokravi M, Maaboudi M, Amiri A, Mirzadeh M, Jabbarian R. The Effectiveness of Cognitive-Behavioral Intervention on Dental Anxiety during Pulpotomy in 7-10 Year-Old Children: A Clinical Trial. Front Dent 2023; 20:32. [PMID: 37724248 PMCID: PMC10505444 DOI: 10.18502/fid.v20i32.13588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Dental anxiety is a common phenomenon experienced by children in the dental setting. However, there is limited research on the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral interventions in managing this anxiety. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of a cognitive-behavioral psychologic intervention on dental anxiety in children. Materials and Methods: A total of thirty children, aged 7-10 years, underwent prophylaxis and fluoride therapy. The baseline anxiety levels of the children were determined using the Modified Child Dental Anxiety Scale (MCDAS). The intervention group (N=15) received two 30-minute sessions of cognitive-behavioral exercises. Additionally, a short film demonstrating a cooperative child undergoing pulpotomy was created and parents were instructed to show it to their children at home. During the treatment session, the exercises were reinforced at each step, and the MCDAS questionnaire was administered again. The children's behavior was also assessed using the Venham Clinical Cooperation Scale. Independent t-test, Mann-Whitney, chi-square, and Pearson's correlation coefficient were used for statistical analysis and P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Postoperatively, the MCDAS score in the intervention group was significantly lower compared to the control group. Notably, the intervention group demonstrated a downward trend in anxiety scores, while the control group showed an increase (P<0.001). Conclusion: Cognitive-behavioral interventions were found to be successful in decreasing dental anxiety in children undergoing pulpotomy. These interventions can be successfully implemented in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Shokravi
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | | | - Ali Amiri
- Office of Counseling and Mental Health, Student and Cultural Deputy, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Monirsadat Mirzadeh
- Community Medicine, Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Razieh Jabbarian
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Dental Caries Prevention Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
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Chi SI. What is the gold standard of the dental anxiety scale? J Dent Anesth Pain Med 2023; 23:193-212. [PMID: 37559670 PMCID: PMC10407447 DOI: 10.17245/jdapm.2023.23.4.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
It is important to understand patients' anxiety and fear about dental treatment. A patient's anxiety can be quantified through a self-report questionnaire, and many related scales have been developed. In this review, I tried to find out which scale is most suitable for the patient's dental anxiety and fear evaluation by examining the contents of previously developed scales and comparing the strengths and weaknesses of each scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong In Chi
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Sejong Dental Hospital, School of Dentistry, Dankook University, Sejong, Republic of Korea
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Belevcikli M, Altan H, Demir O. Effect of the new needle-free injection system on pain perception and dental anxiety during anesthesia: randomized controlled split-mouth study. J Dent Anesth Pain Med 2023; 23:1-8. [PMID: 36819599 PMCID: PMC9911968 DOI: 10.17245/jdapm.2023.23.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Backgrounds Pain management is one of the most important factors affecting the success of pediatric dentistry. Therefore, new needle- and pain-free local anesthesia techniques have been developed in parallel with technological advancements. The purpose of this study is to compare the pain perception and dental anxiety levels associated with a needle-free injection system (Comfort-in™) and the classic needle method during treatment-required infiltration anesthesia in children. Methods This randomized controlled crossover split-mouth clinical study included 94 children who required dental treatment with local anesthesia using a dental needle or needle-free injection system for the bilateral primary molars. The Wong-Baker Scale (WBS) was used to measure pain perception at different times, and the Modified Child Dental Anxiety Scale (MCDAS) was used to measure the anxiety level of the child. A statistical software package was used to process the data. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. Results There was no significant difference between the needle-free injection system and dental needle method during the induction stage for filling and pulpotomy (P > 0.05). "Pain on postoperative 1st day" was similar in both types of anesthesia (P = 0.750). Conclusions The needle-free injection system was as effective as the dental needle method. The Comfort-in™ system was an acceptable alternative for patients during the postoperative period. Understanding how pain management may be provided during local anesthesia administration and a child's fear and anxiety regarding the dentist may lead to better dental compliance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melek Belevcikli
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Bulent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Turkey
| | - Halenur Altan
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Osman Demir
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat, Turkey
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Busto R, Virga J, Bean C, Draper J, Jatana C, Cornelius B. Regulatory barriers to dental anesthesia services for special populations. Spec Care Dentist 2022. [PMID: 36181670 DOI: 10.1111/scd.12784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Sedation and general anesthesia are necessities for the treatment of many individuals within special populations such as those with physical and intellectual disabilities, fear/anxiety, or individuals requiring extensive procedures. This study aims to discover regulatory factors that may be contributing to the limited access to anesthesia services provided by dentist anesthesiologists. METHODS AND RESULTS The study included an online survey completed by self-reported dentist anesthesiologists with 2 or more years of formal anesthesia training. The survey was distributed at the April 2019 American Society of Dentist Anesthesiologists national meeting in Chicago. Participants responded to questions regarding the effect of specific state regulations on decisions to practice in a particular state and how such regulations influenced patient safety and barriers to care. Rules and regulatory restrictions on the mobility of dentist anesthesiologist equipment/supplies and additional state narcotic transportation regulations were deemed statistically significant in failing to improve safety. Requiring airway and sedation training for a facility's provider and staff were not barriers to care. Rules and regulations were not a factor to establishing clinical practice in one state over another state. CONCLUSION Individuals and organizations responsible for influencing the regulatory environment of anesthesia services should improve regulations to facilitate the mobility of dentist anesthesiologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Busto
- Department of Dental Anesthesiology, The Ohio State University College of Dentistry, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Joseph Virga
- The Ohio State University College of Dentistry, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Canise Bean
- Division of Restorative and Prosthetic Dentistry, The Ohio State University College of Dentistry, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - John Draper
- Department of Clinical Operations and Business Analytics, Fisher College of Business, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Courtney Jatana
- Division of Oral Surgery, The Ohio State University College of Dentistry, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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Nalci G, Alaçam T, Altunkaynak B. Evaluation of the effectiveness of a mobile application in the management of dental anxiety: a randomized controlled trial. J Oral Rehabil 2022; 49:535-540. [PMID: 35148428 DOI: 10.1111/joor.13311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a specially designed mobile application developed to provide patients with a sense of anxiety control during the various stages of endodontic treatment. The patients' anxiety was assessed by measuring their salivary cortisol levels. METHODS A total of 46 patients requiring endodontic treatment were recruited. The patients were randomly assigned to two groups. The experimental group used the special communication application, while the control group did not. Salivary samples were collected from all patients preoperatively, postanesthesia, and postoperatively. The samples were analyzed with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to measure the cortisol levels. RESULTS A significant difference in cortisol levels was observed between the experimental and the control group (Mann-Whitney U test, P < .05). This difference was significant in the experimental group in each step (P < .01). No difference was found in the control group steps (P > .05). CONCLUSIONS Perceived control of anxiety using the specially designed software was effective in reducing salivary cortisol levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gamze Nalci
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Bezmialem Vakıf University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Tayfun Alaçam
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Bülent Altunkaynak
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
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Purohit A, Singh A, Purohit B, Shakti P, Shah N. Is aromatherapy associated with patient's dental anxiety levels? A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Dent Anesth Pain Med 2021; 21:311-319. [PMID: 34395898 PMCID: PMC8349671 DOI: 10.17245/jdapm.2021.21.4.311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of aromatherapy for the reduction of anxiety levels during dental treatment procedures has been well established in the literature; however, there is limited evidence regarding its efficacy. The present meta-analysis is an attempt to assess the association between the use of aromatherapy and anxiety levels among dental patients. A comprehensive search was conducted across Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, EBSCO host, Cochrane databases, and Google Scholar for studies evaluating aromatherapy and anxiety level among dental patients. PRISMA guidelines were followed for the meta-analysis. Randomized and cluster-randomized trials comparing aromatherapy with controls were included. The random-effects model was used to assess the mean differences in anxiety levels of patients visiting dental OPD. The significance value was set at P < 0.05. Six studies were identified that met the requirements for inclusion. Aromatherapy was significantly associated with reduction in patient anxiety levels during dental treatment (pooled mean difference: −3.36 [95% CI, −3.77 – −2.95, P = 0.00001). Low heterogeneity was noted between studies (I2 = 1%, P = 0.41) analyzed in the meta-analysis. High certainty of the evidence was obtained from the association between the use of aromatherapy and dental anxiety. This meta-analysis suggests that aromatherapy is effective in reducing dental anxiety. When used judiciously, the results of this work should encourage the use of aromatherapy to reduce patient anxiety levels during dental procedures
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Purohit
- Department of Dentistry, Regional Training Centre for Oral Health Promotion, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, India
| | - Abhinav Singh
- Department of Dentistry, Regional Training Centre for Oral Health Promotion, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, India
| | - Bharathi Purohit
- Division of Public Health Dentistry, Centre for Dental Education & Research, WHO Collaborating Centre for Oral Health Promotion, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Prateek Shakti
- Department of Dentistry, Regional Training Centre for Oral Health Promotion, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, India
| | - Nidhi Shah
- Department of Dentistry, Regional Training Centre for Oral Health Promotion, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, India
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Sahithi V, Saikiran KV, Nunna M, Elicherla SR, Challa RR, Nuvvula S. Comparative evaluation of efficacy of external vibrating device and counterstimulation on child's dental anxiety and pain perception during local anesthetic administration: a clinical trial. J Dent Anesth Pain Med 2021; 21:345-355. [PMID: 34395902 PMCID: PMC8349674 DOI: 10.17245/jdapm.2021.21.4.345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of external vibrating devices and counterstimulation on a child's dental anxiety, apprehension, and pain perception during local anesthetic administration. Methods This was a prospective, randomized, parallel-arm, single-blinded interventional, clinical trial. One hundred children aged 4–11 years, requiring pulp therapy or extraction under local anesthesia (LA), were recruited and allocated equally into two groups (1:1) based on the interventions used: Group BD (n = 50) received vibration using a Buzzy® device {MMJ Labs, Atlanta, GE, USA} as a behavior guidance technique; Group CS (n = 50) received counterstimulation for the same technique. Anxiety levels [Venham's Clinical Anxiety Rating Scale (VCARS), Venham Picture Test (VPT), Pulse oximeter {Gibson, Fingertip Pulse Oximeter}, Beijing, China)] were assessed before, during, and after LA administration, while pain perception [Wong-Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale (WBFPS), Visual Analogue Scale (VAS)] was evaluated immediately after injection. Statistical analysis was performed using the Student's t-test to assess the mean difference between the two groups and the repeated measures ANOVA for testing the mean difference in the pulse rates. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. Results Significant differences in mean pulse rate values were observed in both groups. In contrast, the children in the BD group had higher diminution (P < 0.05), whereas the mean VCARS and VPT scores were conspicuous (P < 0.05). Based on the mean WBFPS and VAS scores, delayed pain perception after LA injection was more prominent in the BD group than in the CS group. Conclusion External vibration using a Buzzy® device is comparatively better than counterstimulation in alleviating needle-associated anxiety in children requiring extraction and pulpectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varada Sahithi
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive dentistry, Narayana Dental College and Hospital, Nellore, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | | | - Mahesh Nunna
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive dentistry, Narayana Dental College and Hospital, Nellore, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Sainath Reddy Elicherla
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive dentistry, Narayana Dental College and Hospital, Nellore, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Ramasubba Reddy Challa
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive dentistry, Narayana Dental College and Hospital, Nellore, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Sivakumar Nuvvula
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive dentistry, Narayana Dental College and Hospital, Nellore, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Kalra N, Sabherwal P, Tyagi R, Khatri A, Srivastava S. Relationship between subjective and objective measures of anticipatory anxiety prior to extraction procedures in 8- to 12-year-old children. J Dent Anesth Pain Med 2021; 21:119-128. [PMID: 33880405 PMCID: PMC8039160 DOI: 10.17245/jdapm.2021.21.2.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study assessed anticipatory dental anxiety levels among 8- to 12-year-old children based on subjective and physiological measures and their correlation. The variations in anxiety based on sex, age, temperament, and academic performance were evaluated. Methods An observational study was conducted in 60 children recruited from the waiting room over a 6-month period. The operator recorded subjective anxiety in the children using a novel visual facial anxiety scale. The operator also noted the demographic details and child's temperament using the nine dimensions of the Thomas and Chess criteria, and graded children as "easy," "slow to warm-up," and "difficult." The academic performance of the children was graded (parental ratings) on a five-point Likert scale. Physiological variables (heartrate [HR], oxygen saturation[SpO2], and blood pressure [BP]) were recorded by another evaluator. The correlation between anxiety levels and physiological variables was also assessed. The effects of age, sex, temperament, and academic performance on anxiety were evaluated. Results The study included 60 children aged 8-12 years, including 36 boys and 24 girls. Seventy percent of children had mild to moderate levels of pre-extraction anxiety, while 30% of children demonstrated high anxiety. A significant positive correlation was noted between anxiety levels and HR (rs = 0.477, P < 0.001*) and systolic BP (rs = 0.294, P < 0.05), while a significant but inverse correlation was observed with SpO2 (rs = -0.40, P < 0.05). Anxiety did not influence diastolic BP. Children with difficult temperament and poor academic performance had significantly higher anxiety. Conclusion A high percentage (70%) of children aged 8-12 years had mild to moderate anxiety prior to the extraction procedure. Increased HR, systolic BP, and reduced SpO2 were significantly associated with high levels of anticipatory dental anxiety. Pre-extraction anxiety was significantly related to the temperament and scholastic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namita Kalra
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Puja Sabherwal
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Rishi Tyagi
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Amit Khatri
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Shruti Srivastava
- Department of Psychiatry, University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Delhi, India
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de Amorim CS, Coqueiro RDS, de Menezes BS, Aguiar Sales Lima SO, Maia LC, Pithon MM. Perception Regarding Pediatric Dentist's Appearance and Factors Influencing the Child's Responses. J Clin Pediatr Dent 2021; 45:90-7. [PMID: 33951165 DOI: 10.17796/1053-4625-45.2.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop, validate, and apply an instrument for assessing the children's perception regarding pediatric dentist's appearance, based upon the influence of age, gender, previous dental experience, and anxiety. STUDY DESIGN Images and a nine-item questionnaire were developed. The acceptability, convergent-construct validity, and reliability based on reproducibility and internal consistency were evaluated. The validated instrument was applied in a cross-sectional study, with children (n=120) aged 7-12 years asked to evaluate images of pediatric dentists wearing different dental attire (A:all-white (control); B:printed coat and cap, colorful face mask; C:printed coat, cap and face mask; and D:white coat and cap, printed face mask). Children's age, gender, and previous dental experiences were collected with the guardians. The Children's Fear Survey Schedule-Dental Subscale assessed children's anxiety. Descriptive and inferential statistics were carried out (p<0.05). RESULTS The instrument showed excellent acceptability, construct validity with moderate and strong correlations (>0.40), satisfactory reproducibility (ICC >0.70), and internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha coefficient >0.70). Considering only the attire, the children's perceptions were more positive with the use of attire C and D (p<0.05). Intergroup analysis of all the variables did not identify a statistically significant difference (p>0.05). In the intragroup analysis, compared to attire A: younger children have higher perception scores to attire D; girls, children with previous experience and without anxiety favored attire C and D; and children without previous experience showed no difference in comparison to A but did between B and C (p<0.05). CONCLUSION The C and D attires promoted a more positive perception of the appearance of a pediatric dentist when compared to A; however, age, gender, previous dental experience, and anxiety did not influence the perception scores.
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Abstract
Introduction Children with high dental anxiety display uncooperative behavior during dental procedures. Different self-assessment questionnaires are in use to estimate the prevalence of dental fear and anxiety (DFA) in children but they need to be tested for reliability and validity in different populations. Objectives The aim of this study was to test the reliability and validity of two scales for the assessment of child dental fear and anxiety in a sample of Croatian children. Material and Methods The sample comprised 202 pairs consisting of children and their mothers (97 boys and 105 girls) aged 5 - 12 years. Two scales were used to assess children's DFA: the Children's Fear Survey Schedule - Dental Subscale (CFSS-DS) and the Modified Child Dental Anxiety Scale - face version (MCDAS-f). The Corah's Dental Anxiety Scale (CDAS) was used in the sample of children's mothers. The average scores of cooperative children and children with behavior management problem (BMP) were compared. Results Cooperative children displayed significantly lower CFSS-DS scores than children with BMP (M = 28. 46 vs. M = 39. 36; P < 0.001). The average MCDAS-f score was significantly higher in children with BMP than in cooperative children (M = 28. 07 vs. 20. 01; P < 0.001). The CFSS-DS showed high internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0. 90), while internal consistency of MCDAS-f was good (α = 0. 73). The maternal CDAS showed good internal consistency (α = 0, 89). The correlations with other self-report measurements of DFS show good validity of all scales. The correlations between CFSS-DS and MCDAS-f were highly significant (r = 0.482; P < 0. 01) as well as the correlations of CFSS-DS and MCDAS-f with CDAS scores (r = 0.223; P < 0. 01 and r = 0.198; P < 0. 01, respectively. Conclusion The obtained results suggest that both the CFSS-DS scale and the MCDAS-f scale are reliable and valid scales for measuring dental fear and anxiety in children in a sample of Croatian children. The MCDAS-f scale has shown slightly lower internal consistency but it is suitable for use in young children. In addition, the MCDAS-f scale is simple to administer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tomislav Škrinjarić
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Kristina Goršeta
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Croatia
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Kim AH, Ahn ES, An SY. Verification of the Korean Version of the Dental Fear Survey. J Dent Anesth Pain Med 2020; 19:361-367. [PMID: 31942451 PMCID: PMC6946834 DOI: 10.17245/jdapm.2019.19.6.361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although studies on dental fear in relation to sex and age have been conducted, there have been few nationwide studies particularly on the youth sector. In addition, no validity and reliability verifications have been implemented for new research groups on the Korean version of the Dental Fear Survey (K-DFS). Therefore, this study aimed to apply the K-DFS developed in a previous study on Korean youth to draw conclusions on dental fear among the youth. Methods This study used the K-DFS, a Korean translation of Kleinknecht's Dental Fear Survey for elementary school, middle school, and high school students. This study selected 2,161 young people of various ages as participants and increased the validity of the research results by expanding nationwide the scope of the study area. Results Differences in fear levels according to sex were higher in boys fear behavior scores than in girls' regarding dental treatment (P < 0.05). Students with dental fear had higher scores on items associated with dental treatment and fear of dental stimuli compared with students without dental fear (P < 0.05). Differences were observed among the three groups (P < 0.05). However, the results of logistic regression analysis showed no statistically significant differences for dental visits based on sex, grade, and other subcomponents (P > 0.05). Conclusion By verifying the validity of the newly developed K-DFS, this research confirmed its utility as a dental fear questionnaire. Therefore, there can be no objection that the grounds for criticism have been established according to conventional wisdom. In the future, however, developing and studying the limits of K-DFS that overcome the factors of dental fear, especially pain, will help reduce dental fear in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ah-Hyeon Kim
- Red Dental Research Institute, Seoul, Korea.,Research Institute of Bone Regeneration, Wonkwang University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Eun-Suk Ahn
- Department of Dental Hygiene, Daejeon Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea.,Research Institute of Bone Regeneration, Wonkwang University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - So-Youn An
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Wonkwang Dental Research Institute, College of Dentistry, Wonkwang University, Daejeon, Korea.,Research Institute of Bone Regeneration, Wonkwang University, Daejeon, Korea
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15
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Altan A, Akkoç S, Erdil A, Çolak S, Demir O, Altan H. Effects of pain catastrophizing and anxiety on analgesic use after surgical removal of impacted mandibular third molars. J Dent Anesth Pain Med 2019; 19:379-388. [PMID: 31942453 PMCID: PMC6946835 DOI: 10.17245/jdapm.2019.19.6.379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In dentistry, pain is a factor that negatively affects treatments and drug use. The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlations of the postoperative analgesic use with pain catastrophizing and anxiety in patients who underwent removal of an impacted mandibular third molar. Methods We recruited 92 patients who underwent the extraction of impacted mandibular third molar. In this study, the Pederson index was used to preoperatively determine the difficulty of surgical extraction. Patients were asked to note the number of analgesics used for 7 postoperative days. Patients were divided into two groups based on the Pain Catastrophizing Scale: low and high score groups. State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-trait and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-state questionnaires were used to determine the anxiety levels of the patients. The obtained data were examined to evaluate the correlations of pain catastrophizing and anxiety with the postoperative analgesic use. Results In this study, 92 patients, including 60 women and 32 men, were recruited. The analgesic use was higher in women than in men but with no significant difference (P > 0.05). Pain Catastrophizing Scale scores were higher in women than in men but with no significant difference (P > 0.05). The analgesic use was higher in patients with high pain catastrophizing than in those with low pain catastrophizing but with no significant difference (P > 0.05). State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-trait scores were higher in women than in men but with no significant difference. However, state-Trait Anxiety Inventory-state scores were significantly higher in women than in men (P < 0.05). Conclusion The postoperative analgesic use may be higher in patients who catastrophize pain than in others. Knowing the patient's catastrophic characteristics preoperatively would contribute to successful pain management and appropriate drug selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Altan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University Faculty of Dentistry, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Sümeyra Akkoç
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University Faculty of Dentistry, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Aras Erdil
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University Faculty of Dentistry, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Sefa Çolak
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University Faculty of Dentistry, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Osman Demir
- Department of Biostatistics, Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University Faculty of Medicine, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Halenur Altan
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University Faculty of Dentistry, Tokat, Turkey
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Nunna M, Dasaraju RK, Kamatham R, Mallineni SK, Nuvvula S. Comparative evaluation of virtual reality distraction and counter-stimulation on dental anxiety and pain perception in children. J Dent Anesth Pain Med 2019; 19:277-288. [PMID: 31723668 PMCID: PMC6834716 DOI: 10.17245/jdapm.2019.19.5.277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study evaluated the efficacy of virtual reality (VR) distraction and counter-stimulation (CS) on dental anxiety and pain perception to local anesthesia in children. Methods A prospective, randomized, single-blinded interventional clinical trial with a parallel design was used. Seventy children 7–11 years old who required local anesthesia (LA) for pulp therapy or tooth extraction were recruited and allocated to two groups with equal distribution based on the intervention. Group CS (n = 35) received CS and Group VR (n = 35) received VR distraction with ANTVR glasses. Anxiety levels (using pulse rate) were evaluated before, during, and after administration of local anesthesia, while pain perception was assessed immediately after the injection. Wong-Baker faces pain-rating scale (WBFPS), visual analog scale (VAS), and Venham's clinical anxiety rating scale (VCARS) were used for pain evaluation. Student's t-test was used to test the mean difference between groups, and repeated measures ANOVA was used to test the mean difference of pulse rates. Results Significant differences in mean pulse rates were observed in both groups, while children in the VR group had a higher reduction (P < 0.05), and the mean VCARS scores were significant in the VR group (P < 0.05). Mean WBFPS scores showed less pain perception to LA needle prick in the CS group while the same change was observed in the VR group with VAS scores. Conclusions VR distraction is better than CS for reducing anxiety to injection in children undergoing extraction and pulpectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh Nunna
- Department of Paedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Narayana Dental College, Nellore, India
| | - Rupak Kumar Dasaraju
- Department of Paedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Priyadarshini Dental College and Hospital, Thiruvallur, India
| | - Rekhalakshmi Kamatham
- Department of Paedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Narayana Dental College, Nellore, India
| | - Sreekanth Kumar Mallineni
- Department of Paedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Narayana Dental College, Nellore, India.,Pediatric Dentistry, Preventive Dental Science, College of Dentistry, Majmaah University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Sivakumar Nuvvula
- Department of Paedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Narayana Dental College, Nellore, India
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Balenović A, Fazlić A, Mihelčić M, Hoch A, Radujković V. Sociodemographic Determinants and Common Reasons for Visiting the Emergency Dental Service in the City of Zagreb. Acta Stomatol Croat 2019; 53:247-254. [PMID: 31749456 PMCID: PMC6820444 DOI: 10.15644/asc53/3/6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The objective of the study was to determine the sociodemographic and clinical parameters of patients who visit the emergency dental service and their most common diagnoses. Materials and Methods The data were collected on the basis of a survey filled out by patients. A total of 1730 out of 6732 patients (26%) were surveyed using a questionnaire to analyze sociodemographic status, dental visits, the description and dynamics of the symptoms. After the data collection, methods of descriptive data presentation and of inferential statistics were made in SPSS. Results Survey results show that most subjects (60.4%) came during the weekends and holidays. The subjects, 73.1% of them, stated that they had already used this type of service, and 65.8% did not visit their dentist beforehand. The largest number of subjects (62.2%) reported that they needed emergency service within a week after their problems had begun. The most common diagnoses included face and jaw abscesses (27.3%). There is a statistically significant difference between the number of patients who went to the emergency dental service and completed the questionnaire over the course of several months contrary to patients who were there in May and June (59.7%) compared to July and August (40.3%). Conclusions Most subjects had clear indications for being referred to an emergency dental service. Most of the emergency conditions were mainly due to irregular visits to the dentist. Patient education and preventive programs would probably have reduced the number of visits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonija Balenović
- Community healthcare center "Zagreb - Centar", Runjainova 4, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Alem Fazlić
- Community healthcare center "Zagreb - Centar", Runjainova 4, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marko Mihelčić
- Community healthcare center "Zagreb - Centar", Runjainova 4, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Andrea Hoch
- Community healthcare center "Zagreb - Centar", Runjainova 4, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vedran Radujković
- Community healthcare center "Zagreb - Centar", Runjainova 4, Zagreb, Croatia
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Setty JV, Srinivasan I, Radhakrishna S, Melwani AM, Dr MK. Use of an animated emoji scale as a novel tool for anxiety assessment in children. J Dent Anesth Pain Med 2019; 19:227-233. [PMID: 31501781 PMCID: PMC6726885 DOI: 10.17245/jdapm.2019.19.4.227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 04/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dental anxiety in children is a major barrier in patient management. If dental anxiety in pediatric patients is assessed during the first visit, it will not only aid in management but also help to identify patients who are in need of special care to deal with their fear. Nowadays, children and adults are highly interested in multimedia and are closely associated with them. Children usually prefer motion pictures on electronic devices than still cartoons on paper. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate a newly designed scale, the animated emoji scale (AES), which uses motion emoticons/animojis to assess dental anxiety in children during their first dental visit, and compare it with the Venham picture test (VPT) and facial image scale (FIS). Methods The study included 102 healthy children aged 4–14 years, whose dental anxiety was measured using AES, VPT, and FIS during their first dental visit, and their scale preference was recorded. Results The mean anxiety scores measured using AES, FIS, and VPT, represented as mean ± SD, were 1.78 ± 1.19, 1.93 ± 1.23, and 1.51 ± 1.84, respectively. There was significant difference in the mean anxiety scores between the three scales (Friedman test, P < 0.001). The Pearson's correlation test showed a very strong correlation (0.73) between AES and VPT, and a strong correlation between AES and FIS (0.88), and FIS and VPT (0.69), indicating good validity of AES. Maximum number of children (74.5%) preferred AES. Conclusion The findings of this study suggest that the AES is a novel and child-friendly tool for assessing dental anxiety in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyothsna V Setty
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, M.R. Ambedkar Dental College and Hospital, Bengaluru, India
| | - Ila Srinivasan
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, M.R. Ambedkar Dental College and Hospital, Bengaluru, India
| | - Sreeraksha Radhakrishna
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, M.R. Ambedkar Dental College and Hospital, Bengaluru, India
| | - Anjana M Melwani
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, M.R. Ambedkar Dental College and Hospital, Bengaluru, India
| | - Murali Krishna Dr
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, M.R. Ambedkar Dental College and Hospital, Bengaluru, India
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Pezzini Soares J, Cardoso M, Bolan M. Demystifying behaviour and dental anxiety in schoolchildren during endodontic treatment for primary teeth-controlled clinical trial. Int J Paediatr Dent 2019; 29:249-256. [PMID: 30656782 DOI: 10.1111/ipd.12468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Behaviour and anxiety of children are predictors of effective dental treatment. AIM Compare the behaviour and anxiety during preventive care, endodontic treatment, and dental extraction. DESIGN Controlled clinical trial was conducted with 99 children aged 6-9 years. The children were distributed among three groups: G1 (control)-prophylaxis and topical fluoride; G2 (intervention)-endodontic treatment; and G3 (intervention)-tooth extraction. Behaviour was measured using the Frankl scale. Dental anxiety was assessed using the modified Venham Picture Test and measured at three moments: before, during, and after the procedure. Caregivers answered a questionnaire addressing the child's previous dental experience. Clinical examinations were performed by a calibrated examiner (Kappa > 0.70) for the identification of dental caries (d-dmft/D-DMFT). Statistical analysis involved repeated-measures Poisson regression, with level of significance was P < 0.05. RESULTS Neither negative behaviour nor anxiety was associated with the type of procedure. Negative behaviour was associated with the need for restraint during a previous dental appointment (P = 0.012). Dental anxiety was associated with age (P = 0.037), previous difficult behaviour (P < 0.001), moment of measurement (P < 0.001), and dental caries on permanent teeth (P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Negative behaviour and dental anxiety in children were not associated with the type of treatment performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josiane Pezzini Soares
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Mariane Cardoso
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Michele Bolan
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil
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Yun J, Shim YS, Park SY, An SY. New treatment method for pain and reduction of local anesthesia use in deep caries. J Dent Anesth Pain Med 2018; 18:277-285. [PMID: 30402547 PMCID: PMC6218393 DOI: 10.17245/jdapm.2018.18.5.277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemo-mechanical caries removal methods are known to be more effective compared with conventional methods in pain reduction. Carie-care™, a chemo-mechanical caries removal agent, was introduced in 2010 but a systematic review of its efficacy has not yet been performed. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of Carie-care™ on the outcomes of treatment of caries in children and adolescents. The primary outcome was pain while the secondary outcomes included complete caries removal (CCR), time, need for local anesthesia and behavioral response changes. A Comprehensive literature search was performed in PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library up to 30 September 2018. The following keywords were used in the search: ‘chemo-mechanical caries removal agent’, ‘dental caries’, ‘Carie-care’, ‘chemo-mechanical caries removal’, ‘chemo-mechanical caries excavation’, other related keywords, and their combinations. From 942 studies identified, 16 were analyzed. Finally, 4 studies met the eligibility criteria and 260 teeth in 120 children and adolescents were included in this review. This review showed that Carie-care™ reduces pain during caries treatment but requires a longer time for effective treatment than conventional methods. Local anesthesia was not required in the Chemo-mechanical caries removal (CMCR) group. In addition, dental anxiety decreased compared to the control group, and co-operation was more positive. Therefore, it may be a useful alternative to conventional methods in children and adolescents, but further verification through additional studies is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihye Yun
- Department of Pediatric dentistry, College of Dentistry, Wonkwang University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Youn-Soo Shim
- Department of Dental Hygiene, College of Health Science, Sunmoon University, Asan, Korea
| | - So-Young Park
- Department of Dental Hygiene, Wonkwang Health Science University, Iksan, Korea
| | - So-Youn An
- Department of Pediatric dentistry, College of Dentistry, Wonkwang University, Daejeon, Korea
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Abstract
Background Dental treatment still remains as one of the most anxious visits despite awareness between dentists and patients in building trusting relationships. The fear of dental treatment determines the frequency of treatment availed with long-term implications in oral health maintenance. Aim This study aims to estimate prevalence, extent, and factors influencing dental anxiety in a sample of the adult population visiting a private dental hospital in Chennai, India. Materials and Methods The study sample included 300 consecutive outpatients visiting a private dental hospital in Chennai. Any patient aged 18 and above was considered for the study. A structured custom-made questionnaire composed of ten questions was designed to assess the anxiety levels of dental patients. The level of the patient's anxiety was assessed taking into account various factors that could influence their mental state. This included their age, gender, educational qualification, number/frequency of their dental visits, reason for their visit, past dental experiences, and nature of the dental procedure planned. Enquiries about the related time of anxiety manifestations as well as their preferred anxiety reducing protocols were done as part of the study. Statistics The data analysis was performed using SPSS Version 11.5. Analysis initially was performed with Chi-square test for frequency and reason of visit, with the independent samples t-test used for assessing mean score differences along with Pearson's correlation coefficient. Results The study revealed that dental anxiety has a wide prevalence rate encompassing both genders. Distinctive predominance among females (65.2%) and professionals (66.9%) exhibiting a greater degree of anxiety was identified. Pain and extraction have been cited as duress and anxiety inciting procedures (72.6%). Conclusion This survey has revealed that age, gender, level of education, and procedure along with visit frequency has a direct effect on the patient's state of mind and anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadeem Jeddy
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology; Thaimoogambigai Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Nithya
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sudha Rustagi College of Dental Sciences and Research, Haryana, Faridabad, India
| | - T Radhika
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology; Thaimoogambigai Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Nafisa Jeddy
- Department of Psychology, JBAS College of Arts & Science, Madras University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Amila Z, Jasmin H, Edina H, Muhamed A, Elmedin B. Evaluation of Dental Fear and Anxiety in Displaced Persons in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Acta Stomatol Croat 2018; 52:140-147. [PMID: 30034013 PMCID: PMC6047591 DOI: 10.15644/asc52/2/7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction In Bosnia and Herzegovina, apart from domicile population, there is a certain number of displaced persons. Most of them are situated in the area of Canton Tuzla. These persons are generally at risk of and being watched for various diseases, including the disease of the orofacial area. Dental fear and anxiety (DFA) is also inevitably present in displaced persons, with higher prevalence compared with general population. Therefore, the aim was to evaluate the DFA presence and the most common reasons for dental fear and anxiety in displaced persons in our country. Patients and methods 310 interviewed persons were included in this study, aged 35 to 44 years, from several cities of Canton Tuzla. They were divided in the group of displaced persons (n=153), and the group of domicile inhabitants (n=157). The study participants were interviewed about the DFA presence, as well as about the risk factors for DFA, which was subsequently evaluated by the Modified Corah's Dental Anxiety Scale. Results A high prevalence of DFA presence was determined in the total sample (38.71%), and particularly in the displaced persons group (57.52%). The results showed that displaced persons rarely visited dentists, mainly when it was necessary (odontalgia), with stronger reactions to factors that could cause DFA appearance. Conclusion Displaced persons are regarded as one of the highest risk groups for prevalence of DFA. This could be mainly due to poor oral health status, rare dental office visits and the urgent need for dental treatment, which could lead to vicious circle of mutual strengthening between bad oral health and DFA appearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zukanović Amila
- Department for Preventive Dentistry and Pedodontics, Faculty of Dentistry with Clinics, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Habibović Jasmin
- Public Health Care Center Živinice, Živinice, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Habibović Edina
- Public Health Care Center Gračanica, Gračanica, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Ajanović Muhamed
- Department for Dental Prosthodontics with Dental Implantology, Faculty of Dentistry with Clinics, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Bajrić Elmedin
- Department for Preventive Dentistry and Pedodontics, Faculty of Dentistry with Clinics, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Finding a balance between sedation efficacy and safety remains an ongoing challenge. In children, the risk of sedation-related complications is relatively high. It is of utmost importance to determine the factors related to improved overall sedation outcomes. However, most previous reports have been based on small samples at single institutions. The Korean Academy of Pediatric Dentistry (KAPD) developed a Korean Pediatric Dental Sedation Registry using a web-based platform. STUDY DESIGN Specialists in pediatric dental sedation selected the itemized list included within the registry through an extensive literature review. The web-based registry was built into the KAPD homepage to facilitate easy access to the sedation data. All teaching and university hospitals agreed to participate in the Korean Pediatric Dental Sedation Registry. CONCLUSION This is the first attempt to collect sedation data on a nationwide scale in the field of pediatric dentistry. The sedation database established with the registry may facilitate standardizing and improving pediatric dental sedation clinical practices.
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Koga S, Seto M, Moriyama S, Kikuta T. Anxiety before dental surgery under local anesthesia: reducing the items on state anxiety in the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-form X. J Dent Anesth Pain Med 2017; 17:183-190. [PMID: 29090248 PMCID: PMC5647819 DOI: 10.17245/jdapm.2017.17.3.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is important to evaluate preoperative anxiety and prepare sedation when performing dental surgery under local anesthesia. Spielberger's State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) is useful for predicting preoperative anxiety. State anxiety is defined as a subjective feeling of nervousness. Reduction in the number of the state anxiety items (questions) will be clinically important in allowing us to predict anxiety more easily. METHODS We analyzed the STAI responses from 1,252 patients who visited our institution to undergo dental surgery under local anesthesia. Multiple linear regression analysis was conducted for 9 groups comprising anxiety level determinations using the STAI; we then developed a coefficient of determination and a regression formula. We searched for a group satisfying the largest number of requirements for regression expression while setting any necessary conditions for accurately predicting anxiety before dental surgery under local anesthesia. RESULTS The regression expression from the group determined as normal for preoperative state anxiety was deemed the most suitable for predicting preoperative anxiety. CONCLUSIONS It was possible to reduce the number of items in the STAI by focusing on "Preoperative anxiety before dental surgery."
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayo Koga
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Mika Seto
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shigeaki Moriyama
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Fukuoka University Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Kikuta
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Lim MAWT, Borromeo GL. The use of general anesthesia to facilitate dental treatment in adult patients with special needs. J Dent Anesth Pain Med 2017; 17:91-103. [PMID: 28879336 PMCID: PMC5564153 DOI: 10.17245/jdapm.2017.17.2.91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 06/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
General anesthesia is commonly used to facilitate dental treatment in patients with anxiety or challenging behavior, many of whom are children or patients with special needs. When performing procedures under general anesthesia, dental surgeons must perform a thorough pre-operative assessment, as well as ensure that the patients are aware of the potential risks and that informed consent has been obtained. Such precautions ensure optimal patient management and reduce the frequency of morbidities associated with this form of sedation. Most guidelines address the management of pediatric patients under general anesthesia. However, little has been published regarding this method in patients with special needs. This article constitutes a review of the current literature regarding management of patients with special needs under general anesthesia.
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Haliti F, Juric H. The Relationship Between Dental Trauma, Anxiety and Aggression Behavior in 7 to14 Year old Children in Kosovo. Acta Stomatol Croat 2017; 51:3-12. [PMID: 28740265 DOI: 10.15644/asc51/1/1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Dental fear has a negative impact on the treatment outcomes. The aim of this study was to evaluate dental anxiety among children with different measurement scales, with the aim of getting more precise and thorough estimations, as well as correlation between anxiety scale and aggression scale in children with/or without dental trauma. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study population include 254 children's experience with dental trauma (59.1% male), and 251 children without dental trauma (46.6% male), between 7 and 14 years old, and their respective parents were evaluated during 2015-2016. Psychometric measures used for this purpose included several questionnaires. The result was tested with the X2 test, Student's t-test, one-way ANOVA, and Pearson's correlation coefficient. The Cronbach alpha was used to check the reliability and validity of the measures. The predetermined significance levels were set at 0.05. RESULTS All used test has satisfactory reliability and validity of the scale. The mean anxiety score was significantly higher in children with dental trauma. The children with dental trauma had a higher mean aggression scale (OAS). The girls had significantly higher mean anxiety score than boys in all used questionnaires. The mean aggression score was significantly higher for boys than girls in both compared groups (p<0.001). The Odds of the aggressive behavior in children with dental trauma decrease for 0.95 when the value of the mean DVSS-SV scale is increased by one units, and increase for 1.04 when the means anxiety score increased by one units. CONCLUSION The mean anxiety score was significantly higher in children with dental trauma, as well as the girls and children who are more afraid of medical interventions (CMFQ). Also the children with dental trauma, and boys had a higher mean aggression scale (OAS).
Significant correlation was found between dental anxiety level and aggressive behavior of children's. The odds of the aggressive behavior increased with increasing of mean score of each anxiety measurement scale, but not significantly, except for S-DAI score.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fehim Haliti
- University of Pristhina School of Dental Medicine, Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry
| | - Hrvoje Juric
- University of Zagreb School of Dental Medicine, Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry
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Shim YS, Kim AH, Jeon EY, An SY. Dental fear & anxiety and dental pain in children and adolescents; a systemic review. J Dent Anesth Pain Med 2015; 15:53-61. [PMID: 28879259 PMCID: PMC5564099 DOI: 10.17245/jdapm.2015.15.2.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Revised: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There are few previous studies investigating the relationship of dental fear and anxiety (DFA) with dental pain among children and adolescents. To address this issue, we examined the literature published between November 1873 and May 2015 to evaluate the prevalence of DFA and dental pain among children and adolescents, and their relationships with age and sex. Methods We performed a broad search of the PubMed database using 3 combinations of the search terms dental fear, anxiety, and dental pain and prevalence. A large proportion of the identified articles could not be used for the review due to inadequate end points or measures, or because of poor study design. Thirty-two papers of acceptable quality were identified and reviewed. Results We found that the prevalence of DFA was estimated to be 10%, with a decrease in prevalence with age. It was more frequently seen in girls, and was related to dental pain. Conclusions We concluded that dental fear, anxiety, and pain are common, and several psychological factors are associated with their development. In order to better understand these relationships, further clinical evaluations and studies are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youn-Soo Shim
- Department of Dental Hygiene, College of Health Science, Sunmoon University, Asan, Korea
| | - Ah-Hyeon Kim
- Department of dentistry, Dental spa Clinic, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Eun-Young Jeon
- Department of Dental Hygiene, College of Health Science, NamSeoul University, Cheonan, Korea
| | - So-Youn An
- Department of Pediatric dentistry, College of Dentistry, Wonkwang University, Daejeon, Korea
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Farhad Mollashahi N. Adult dental patients with avoidance behaviours. Int J High Risk Behav Addict 2015; 4:e23547. [PMID: 25821752 PMCID: PMC4360539 DOI: 10.5812/ijhrba.23547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Revised: 09/28/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Narges Farhad Mollashahi
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, IR Iran
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Kaviani N, Tavakoli M, Tabanmehr MR, Havaei RA. The efficacy of passiflora incarnata linnaeus in reducing dental anxiety in patients undergoing periodontal treatment. J Dent (Shiraz) 2013; 14:68-72. [PMID: 24724122 PMCID: PMC3977550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Oral premedication used to reduce the anxiety in patients undergoing dental treatment. Passion flower has been used as a sedative that can control the dental anxiety. PURPOSE This study determines the efficacy of Passion flower, in reducing anxiety during the dental procedures. MATERIAL AND METHODS In this randomized- one sided blind clinical trial, 63 patients, with moderate, high and severe anxiety(according to VAS score) in need of periodontal treatment were randomly divided into 3 groups of 21.The first group was given the drop Passion flower drop and the second group were given the drop of placebo and the third group; neither drug nor placebo were given (negative control group). RESULTS were analyzed by Chi Square, Variance Analysis, Tucky and Paired-T using SPSS software. RESULTS Mean anxiety level prior to the drug administration was 12.09±2.42 for the Passion flower group, 12.00±2.66 for the placebo group and 11.66±2.39 for the negative control group. After premedication, these values were: 8.47±2.58 for the Passion flower group, 10.52±2.11 for the placebo group and 11.23±2.34 for the negative control group. These results demonstrated a significant difference (p< 0.0001) in the anxiety levels before and after the Passion flower administration in the Passion flower group and also between the Passion flower group and the other two groups. CONCLUSION RESULTS indicated that administration of Passion flower, as a premedication, is significantly effective in reducing the anxiety. Since this study is a pioneer on the subject, further trials with greater number of subjects are required to confirm our results.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Kaviani
- Dept. of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery and Torabinejad Dental Research Center, School of Dentistry, Isfahan Medical University of Medical Sciecnes, Isfahan, Iran
| | - M Tavakoli
- Dept. of Periodontology and Torabninejad Dental Research Center, School of Dentistry, Isfahan Medical University of Medical Sciecnes, Isfahan, Iran
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Hamedy R, Shakiba B, Fayazi S, Pak JG, White SN. Patient-centered endodontic outcomes: a narrative review. Iran Endod J 2013; 8:197-204. [PMID: 24171029 PMCID: PMC3808681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2013] [Revised: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 08/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Root canal treatment (RCT) success criteria inform us of the path to bony healing and of prognostic factors, but tell little about how the patient perceives, feels, or values RCT. Patients choose, undergo, and pay for RCT, they live with the result, and inform their community. The purpose of this narrative review was to appraise patient-centered outcomes of initial non-surgical RCT and nonsurgical retreatment, in adults. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patient-centered RCT outcome themes were identified in the extant literature: quality of life, satisfaction, anxiety, fear, pain, tooth survival and cost. Narrative review was applied because the disparate themes and data were unsuited to systematic review or meta-analysis. RESULTS Application of the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP) demonstrated that disease of pulpal origin affects quality of life with moderate severity, primarily through physical pain and psychological discomfort, and that RCT results in broad improvement of quality of life. Satisfaction with RCT is extremely high, but cost is the primary reason for dissatisfaction. Anxiety and fear affect RCT patients, profoundly influencing their behaviors, including treatment avoidance, and their pain experience. Fear of pain is "fair" to "very much" prior to RCT. Pain is widely feared, disliked, and remembered; however, disease of pulpal origin generally produces moderate, but not severe pain. RCT causes a dramatic decrease in pain prevalence and severity over the week following treatment. Survival rates of teeth after RCT are very high; complication rates are low. Cost is a barrier to RCT, but initial costs, lifetime costs, cost effectiveness, cost utility, and cost benefit all compare extremely well to the alternatives involving replacement using implants or fixed prostheses. CONCLUSION Dentists must strive to reduce anxiety, fear, experienced and remembered pain, and to accurately inform and educate their patients with respect to technical, practical and psychosocial aspects of RCT.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Shane N White
- Section of Endodontics, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, USA,Corresponding author: Shane N White, Section of Endodontics, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, USA. Tel: +1-310 206 3644 (5), Fax: +1-310 794 4900 (6), E-mail:
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Akhavan H, Mehrvarzfar P, Sheikholeslami M, Dibaj M, Eslami S. Analysis of anxiety scale and related elements in endodontic patients. Iran Endod J 2007; 2:29-31. [PMID: 24348655 PMCID: PMC3863410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2006] [Revised: 11/07/2006] [Accepted: 12/23/2006] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Anxiety of patients is one of the problems in dentistry which are considered in recent years, and it prevents them from having a treatment out of stress. This study was conducted to specify anxiety prevalence and related elements among endodontic patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study was conducted on 150 patients referred to Endodontic department of dental school of Islamic Azad University, using a cross sectional descriptive method in 2006. Using background characteristics, the patients were classified as a matter of age, sex, education and related factors such as previous dental visit, unfavorable experience in dental office, and the most prevalent cause of referring to dentist. In this regard, Dental Fear Survey (DFS), questionnaire was used and patients were divided in three groups of anxiety level. The results were analyzed using Chi-square and Fisher exact tests. RESULTS The findings showed highest anxiety scales among dental office referents were statistically significant for age group of 20-30, women, and under diploma education (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Improving the knowledge about causes of anxiety and its preventive methods are suggested to dentists. They should also provide treatments without annoyance and trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengameh Akhavan
- Department of Endodontics, Dental School, Islamic Azad University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Payman Mehrvarzfar
- Department of Endodontics, Dental School, Islamic Azad University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahshid Sheikholeslami
- Department of Endodontics, Dental School, Islamic Azad University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Corresponding author at: Mahshid Sheikholeslami, Department of Endodontics, Dental School, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. E-mail:
| | - Masomeh Dibaj
- Department of Endodontics, Dental School, Islamic Azad University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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