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Piha-Paul SA, Tseng C, Tran HT, Gao M, Karp DD, Subbiah V, Tsimberidou AM, Kawedia JD, Fu S, Pant S, Yap TA, Morris VK, Kee BK, Blum Murphy M, Lim J, Meric-Bernstam F. A phase I trial of the pan-ERBB inhibitor neratinib combined with the MEK inhibitor trametinib in patients with advanced cancer with EGFR mutation/amplification, HER2 mutation/amplification, HER3/4 mutation or KRAS mutation. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2023; 92:107-118. [PMID: 37314501 PMCID: PMC10326142 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-023-04545-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Aberrant alterations of ERBB receptor tyrosine kinases lead to tumorigenesis. Single agent therapy targeting EGFR or HER2 has shown clinical successes, but drug resistance often develops due to aberrant or compensatory mechanisms. Herein, we sought to determine the feasibility and safety of neratinib and trametinib in patients with EGFR mutation/amplification, HER2 mutation/amplification, HER3/4 mutation and KRAS mutation. METHODS Patients with actionable somatic mutations or amplifications in ERBB genes or actionable KRAS mutations were enrolled to receive neratinib and trametinib in this phase I dose escalation trial. The primary endpoint was determination of the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and dose-limiting toxicity (DLT). Secondary endpoints included pharmacokinetic analysis and preliminary anti-tumor efficacy. RESULTS Twenty patients were enrolled with a median age of 50.5 years and a median of 3 lines of prior therapy. Grade 3 treatment-related toxicities included: diarrhea (25%), vomiting (10%), nausea (5%), fatigue (5%) and malaise (5%). The MTD was dose level (DL) minus 1 (neratinib 160 mg daily with trametinib 1 mg, 5 days on and 2 days off) given 2 DLTs of grade 3 diarrhea in DL1 (neratinib 160 mg daily with trametinib 1 mg daily). The treatment-related toxicities of DL1 included: diarrhea (100%), nausea (55.6%) and rash (55.6%). Pharmacokinetic data showed trametinib clearance was significantly reduced leading to high drug exposures of trametinib. Two patients achieved stable disease (SD) ≥ 4 months. CONCLUSION Neratinib and trametinib combination was toxic and had limited clinical efficacy. This may be due to suboptimal drug dosing given drug-drug interactions. TRIAL REGISTRATION ID NCT03065387.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarina A Piha-Paul
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics (A Phase I Clinical Trials Program), University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Unit 455, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Chieh Tseng
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics (A Phase I Clinical Trials Program), University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Unit 455, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Hai T Tran
- Department of Thoracic, Head and Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Meng Gao
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics (A Phase I Clinical Trials Program), University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Unit 455, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Daniel D Karp
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics (A Phase I Clinical Trials Program), University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Unit 455, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Vivek Subbiah
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics (A Phase I Clinical Trials Program), University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Unit 455, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Apostolia Maria Tsimberidou
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics (A Phase I Clinical Trials Program), University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Unit 455, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jitesh D Kawedia
- Pharmacy Pharmacology Research, Division of Pharmacy, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - Siqing Fu
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics (A Phase I Clinical Trials Program), University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Unit 455, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Shubham Pant
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Timothy A Yap
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics (A Phase I Clinical Trials Program), University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Unit 455, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Department of Thoracic, Head and Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- The Sheikh Khalifa Bin Zayed Al Nahyan Institute for Personalized Cancer Therapy, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Van K Morris
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Bryan K Kee
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mariela Blum Murphy
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - JoAnn Lim
- Pharmacy Clinical Programs, Division of Pharmacy, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Funda Meric-Bernstam
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics (A Phase I Clinical Trials Program), University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Unit 455, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- The Sheikh Khalifa Bin Zayed Al Nahyan Institute for Personalized Cancer Therapy, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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Liu S, Geng R, Lin E, Zhao P, Chen Y. ERBB1/2/3 Expression, Prognosis, and Immune Infiltration in Cutaneous Melanoma. Front Genet 2021; 12:602160. [PMID: 33732282 PMCID: PMC7957073 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.602160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The four ERBB tyrosine kinase family members [ERBB1 (epidermal growth factor receptor, EGFR), ERBB2 (HER2), ERBB3 (HER3), and ERBB4 (HER4)] (ERBB receptor family) have been shown, according to previous studies, to be related to the cutaneous melanoma. ERBB3 is the only member of the ERBBs that lacks tyrosine kinase activity and thus needs to dimer with other tyrosine kinases receptors to trigger the signaling pathway, while ERBB3 may dimer with all members of the ERBB family. Melanoma progression depends on activation of ERBB signaling, especially the ERBB3/ERBB2 cascade. There are lymphocytes and T cell infiltrates in melanoma. Numerous pieces of evidences indicate that local immune status plays an important role in the formation of anti-tumor immune responses. However, the relationship between the ERBBs and prognosis and immune infiltration in cutaneous melanoma is not completely clear. Methods The expression of the ERBBs was analyzed through the Oncomine database, Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA), respectively. Immunohistochemistry of ERBBs was obtained from the Human Protein Atlas is increased before HPA database. ERBBs genes expression and mutation analysis in cutaneous melanoma from the cBioPortal. Functional annotation and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes is increased before KEGG pathway enrichment analysis from the Metascape. Correlations between ERBBs and 31 genes that were close to each other and frequently altered were explored by GEPIA. Using the GEPIA database, we also investigated the relationship between ERBBs and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) in cutaneous melanoma. The disease-free survival and different tumor stages of ERBBs were evaluated by GEPIA. The correlation of ERBBs and tumor-infiltrating immune cells and prognostic(5 years survival rates) was tested by the Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER). Results In general, the expression levels of ERBB1/2 in cutaneous melanoma were lower than those in normal skin tissue. By contrast, the ERBB3 expression level was higher in cutaneous melanoma than in normal skin tissue. Low expression of ERBB1/2 and high expression of ERBB3 were detrimental to the 5 years survival of cutaneous melanoma patients (ERBB1: log-rank P: 0.03; ERBB2: log-rank P: 0.008; ERBB3: log-rank P: 0.039). ERBB4 expression may not affect the prognosis of patients with cutaneous melanoma. ERBBs may not play a role in the tumor stage and disease-free survival in cutaneous melanoma patients. The relationship between the ERBB family and 31 genes that were close to each other and frequently altered is demonstrated as the genes regulated by the ERBB family being mainly concentrated in the RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK signaling pathway. ERBB2 can induce infiltration of CD8+ T cells and B cells, while ERBB3 can induce infiltration of CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, and Neutrophil cells. ERBBs are more significantly associated with M1 macrophages, dendritic cells, Th1, Th2, Th17, and Treg cellular immune markers (Cor > 0.2). ERBB2/3 were related to MDSC in cutaneous melanoma, including human mononuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells (M-MDSC) and polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells (PMN-MDSC), and may influence the progression of cutaneous melanoma through MDSC, but the conclusion needs further probing. Conclusion This study investigated the prognosis and immune infiltration of the ERBB family in cutaneous melanoma. Our results suggest that ERBB1/2/3 may serve as early prognostic markers and potential therapeutic targets in cutaneous melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shougang Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rong Geng
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Gynecology, Affiliated Foshan Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, China
| | - Eryi Lin
- Department of Dermatology, Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peizhen Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongfeng Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Chen B, Zhang G, Wei G, Wang Y, Guo L, Lin J, Li K, Mok H, Cao L, Ren C, Wen L, Jia M, Li C, Hou T, Han-Zhang H, Liu J, Balch CM, Liao N. Heterogeneity of genomic profile in patients with HER2-positive breast cancer. Endocr Relat Cancer 2020; 27:153-162. [PMID: 31905165 DOI: 10.1530/erc-19-0414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
HER2-positive breast cancer is a biologically and clinically heterogeneous disease. Based on the expression of hormone receptors (HR), breast tumors can be further categorized into HR positive and HR negative. Here, we elucidated the comprehensive somatic mutation profile of HR+ and HR- HER2-positive breast tumors to understand their molecular heterogeneity. In this study, 64 HR+/HER2+ and 43 HR-/HER2+ stage I-III breast cancer patients were included. Capture-based targeted sequencing was performed using a panel consisting of 520 cancer-related genes, spanning 1.64 megabases of the human genome. A total of 1119 mutations were detected among the 107 HER2-positive patients. TP53, CDK12 and PIK3CA were the most frequently mutated, with mutation rates of 76, 61 and 49, respectively. HR+/HER2+ tumors had more gene amplification, splice site and frameshift mutations and a smaller number of missense, nonsense and insertion-deletion mutations than HR-/HER2+ tumors. In KEGG analysis, HR+/HER2+ tumors had more mutations in genes involved in homologous recombination (P = 0.004), TGF-beta (P = 0.007) and WNT (P = 0.002) signaling pathways than HR-/HER2+ tumors. Moreover, comparative analysis of our cohort with datasets from The Cancer Genome Atlas and Molecular Taxonomy of Breast Cancer International Consortium revealed the distinct somatic mutation profile of Chinese HER2-positive breast cancer patients. Our study revealed the heterogeneity of somatic mutations between HR+/HER2+ and HR-/HER2+ in Chinese breast cancer patients. The distinct mutation profile and related pathways are potentially relevant in the development of optimal treatment strategies for this subset of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Chen
- Department of Breast Cancer, Cancer Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Guochun Zhang
- Department of Breast Cancer, Cancer Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Guangnan Wei
- Department of Breast Cancer, Cancer Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yulei Wang
- Department of Breast Cancer, Cancer Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Liping Guo
- Department of Breast Cancer, Cancer Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiali Lin
- Department of Breast Cancer, Cancer Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Kai Li
- Department of Breast Cancer, Cancer Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hsiaopei Mok
- Department of Breast Cancer, Cancer Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Li Cao
- Department of Breast Cancer, Cancer Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chongyang Ren
- Department of Breast Cancer, Cancer Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lingzhu Wen
- Department of Breast Cancer, Cancer Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Minghan Jia
- Department of Breast Cancer, Cancer Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Cheukfai Li
- Department of Breast Cancer, Cancer Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ting Hou
- Burning Rock Biotech, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | | | - Jing Liu
- Burning Rock Biotech, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Charles M Balch
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ning Liao
- Department of Breast Cancer, Cancer Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Zoi I, Karamouzis MV, Xingi E, Sarantis P, Thomaidou D, Lembessis P, Theocharis S, Papavassiliou AG. Combining RANK/RANKL and ERBB-2 targeting as a novel strategy in ERBB-2-positive breast carcinomas. Breast Cancer Res 2019; 21:132. [PMID: 31796128 PMCID: PMC6892243 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-019-1226-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND ERBB-2 is overexpressed in about 20% of breast cancers (BCs), indicating poor prognosis. The receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB (RANK) pathway is implicated in ERBB-2 (+) BC. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanism of this interaction and the beneficial impact of dual targeting of RANK and ERBB-2 pathways. METHODS We used SKBR3, MCF7, MDA-MB-453, and BT-474 human BC cell lines. We examined RANK and RANKL expression using RT-PCR, Western blot, and immunofluorescence. The evaluation of RANK expression in a cohort of BC patients was performed using immunohistochemistry. The interaction between RANK and ERBB family members was detected using proximity ligation assay (PLA), which enables the visualization of interacting proteins. We used inhibitors of both pathways [trastuzumab (T), pertuzumab (P), denosumab (D)]. NF-κB pathway activation was studied using Western blot. Cell growth and viability was evaluated using XTT, flow cytometry, and clonogenic assay. For cell migration evaluation, scratch assay was performed. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA. RESULTS Cell lines express RANK and RANKL. RANK immunostaining was also detected in human BC tissue samples. RANK receptor dimerizes with ERBB family members. RANK/ERBB-2 dimer number seems to be associated with ERBB-2 expression (SKBR3, 5.4; BT-474, 8.2; MCF7, 0.7; MDA-MB-453, 0.3). RANK/ERBB-2 dimers were decreased in the presence of the inhibitors D, T, and P, while they were increased after RANKL (R) treatment in SKBR3 (m, 5.4; D, 1.2; T, 1.9; DT, 0.6; TP, 1; DTP, 0.4; R, 11.8) and BT-474 (m, 8.2; D, 3.1; T, 4.3; DT, 0.7; TP, 3.4; DTP, 3.2; R, 11.6). Combination targeting of SKBR3 further decreased NF-κB pathway activation compared to single targeting. In SKBR3, RANKL and ERBB-2 blockage resulted in reduced cell proliferation, increased apoptosis, and lower metastatic potential compared to mock cells (m) and reversed values in RANKL presence. The combination treatment of SKBR3 with D, T, and P had an advantage in functional traits compared to single targeting. Denosumab suppressed NF-κB signaling and diminished proliferation rate in MDA-MB-453 cells. MCF7 did not correspond to inhibitors. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate a novel physical and molecular association between ERBB-2 and RANK pathways that affects ERBB-2 (+) BC growth. We also present data suggesting that the combination of anti-ERBB-2 agents and RANKL inhibitors have a potential direct anti-tumor effect and should be further tested in certain BC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilianna Zoi
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75, M. Asias Street, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Michalis V Karamouzis
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75, M. Asias Street, 11527, Athens, Greece.
- First Department of Internal Medicine, 'Laiko' Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527, Athens, Greece.
| | - Evangelia Xingi
- Light Microscopy Unit, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Sarantis
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75, M. Asias Street, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Panayiotis Lembessis
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Stamatios Theocharis
- Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Athanasios G Papavassiliou
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75, M. Asias Street, 11527, Athens, Greece.
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Chu PY, Tai YL, Shen TL. Grb7, a Critical Mediator of EGFR/ErbB Signaling, in Cancer Development and as a Potential Therapeutic Target. Cells 2019; 8:cells8050435. [PMID: 31083325 PMCID: PMC6562560 DOI: 10.3390/cells8050435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The partner of activated epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), growth factor receptor bound protein-7 (Grb7), a functionally multidomain adaptor protein, has been demonstrated to be a pivotal regulator for varied physiological and pathological processes by interacting with phospho-tyrosine-related signaling molecules to affect the transmission through a number of signaling pathways. In particular, critical roles of Grb7 in erythroblastic leukemia viral oncogene homolog (ERBB) family-mediated cancer development and malignancy have been intensively evaluated. The overexpression of Grb7 or the coamplification/cooverexpression of Grb7 and members of the ERBB family play essential roles in advanced human cancers and are associated with decreased survival and recurrence of cancers, emphasizing Grb7's value as a prognostic marker and a therapeutic target. Peptide inhibitors of Grb7 are being tested in preclinical trials for their possible therapeutic effects. Here, we review the molecular, functional, and clinical aspects of Grb7 in ERBB family-mediated cancer development and malignancy with the aim to reveal alternative and effective therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Yu Chu
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Ling Tai
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
| | - Tang-Long Shen
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
- Center for Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
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Scheipl S, Barnard M, Cottone L, Jorgensen M, Drewry DH, Zuercher WJ, Turlais F, Ye H, Leite AP, Smith JA, Leithner A, Möller P, Brüderlein S, Guppy N, Amary F, Tirabosco R, Strauss SJ, Pillay N, Flanagan AM. EGFR inhibitors identified as a potential treatment for chordoma in a focused compound screen. J Pathol 2016; 239:320-34. [PMID: 27102572 PMCID: PMC4922416 DOI: 10.1002/path.4729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Revised: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Chordoma is a rare malignant bone tumour with a poor prognosis and limited therapeutic options. We undertook a focused compound screen (FCS) against 1097 compounds on three well-characterized chordoma cell lines; 154 compounds were selected from the single concentration screen (1 µm), based on their growth-inhibitory effect. Their half-maximal effective concentration (EC50 ) values were determined in chordoma cells and normal fibroblasts. Twenty-seven of these compounds displayed chordoma selective cell kill and 21/27 (78%) were found to be EGFR/ERBB family inhibitors. EGFR inhibitors in clinical development were then studied on an extended cell line panel of seven chordoma cell lines, four of which were sensitive to EGFR inhibition. Sapitinib (AstraZeneca) emerged as the lead compound, followed by gefitinib (AstraZeneca) and erlotinib (Roche/Genentech). The compounds were shown to induce apoptosis in the sensitive cell lines and suppressed phospho-EGFR and its downstream pathways in a dose-dependent manner. Analysis of substituent patterns suggested that EGFR-inhibitors with small aniline substituents in the 4-position of the quinazoline ring were more effective than inhibitors with large substituents in that position. Sapitinib showed significantly reduced tumour growth in two xenograft mouse models (U-CH1 xenograft and a patient-derived xenograft, SF8894). One of the resistant cell lines (U-CH2) was shown to express high levels of phospho-MET, a known bypass signalling pathway to EGFR. Neither amplifications (EGFR, ERBB2, MET) nor mutations in EGFR, ERBB2, ERBB4, PIK3CA, BRAF, NRAS, KRAS, PTEN, MET or other cancer gene hotspots were detected in the cell lines. Our findings are consistent with the reported (p-)EGFR expression in the majority of clinical samples, and provide evidence for exploring the efficacy of EGFR inhibitors in the treatment of patients with chordoma and studying possible resistance mechanisms to these compounds in vitro and in vivo. © 2016 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Scheipl
- University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
- Department of Orthopaedics and Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Michelle Barnard
- University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
- Cancer Research Technology Discovery Laboratories, Cambridge, UK
- CRUK-MedImmune Alliance Laboratory, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lucia Cottone
- University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | | | - David H Drewry
- GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
- SGC-UNC, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - William J Zuercher
- GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
- SGC-UNC, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Fabrice Turlais
- Cancer Research Technology Discovery Laboratories, Cambridge, UK
| | - Hongtao Ye
- Department of Histopathology, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, UK
| | - Ana P Leite
- University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - James A Smith
- Cancer Research Technology Discovery Laboratories, Cambridge, UK
| | - Andreas Leithner
- Department of Orthopaedics and Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | | | | | - Naomi Guppy
- University College London Advanced Diagnostics, London, UK
| | - Fernanda Amary
- Department of Histopathology, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, UK
| | - Roberto Tirabosco
- Department of Histopathology, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, UK
| | | | - Nischalan Pillay
- University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
- Department of Histopathology, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, UK
| | - Adrienne M Flanagan
- University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
- Department of Histopathology, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, UK
- University College London Advanced Diagnostics, London, UK
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Catania C, Passaro A, Rocco EG, Spitaleri G, Barberis M, Noberasco C, Signore ED, Travaini L, de Marinis F. Dramatic Antitumor Activity of Nivolumab in Advanced HER2-Positive Lung Cancer. Clin Lung Cancer 2016; 17:e179-83. [PMID: 27349506 DOI: 10.1016/j.cllc.2016.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 05/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Abstract
Epigen is the latest addition to the mammalian family of EGFR ligands. Epigen was initially identified as a novel expressed sequence tag with homology to the EGF family by high throughput sequencing of a mouse keratinocyte complementary DNA library, and received its name for its ability to act as an epithelial mitogen. In vitro studies attributed to epigen several unique features, such as persistent and potent biological actions involving low affinity receptor binding, as well as sub-maximal receptor activation and inactivation. Similarly to the other EGFR ligands, the expression of epigen is up-regulated by hormones and in certain cancer types. While the biological functions of epigen remain to be uncovered, it appears to play a role in epidermal structures, such as the mammary gland and the sebaceous gland. The latter organ, in particular, was greatly enlarged in transgenic mice overexpressing epigen. Interestingly, mice lacking epigen develop and grow normally, probably due to functional compensation by other EGFR ligands. Future studies are likely to reveal the biological roles of the unique receptor binding properties of epigen, as well as its potential harnessing during disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlon R Schneider
- Institute of Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Yosef Yarden
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
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Abstract
Approximately 20% of new diagnosed breast cancers overexpress the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (EGFR2), also known as erythroblastic leukemia viral oncogene homolog 2 (ERBB2) protein, as a consequence of ERBB2 gene amplification, resulting in a poor prognosis. Clinical outcome can be substantially improved by ERBB2-targeted therapy. Lapatinib is a potent, orally bioavailable small molecule that reversibly and selectively inhibits epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR1 or ERBB1) and ERBB2 tyrosine kinases. Lapatinib binds the adenosine triphosphate-binding site of the receptor's intracellular domain to inhibit tumor cell growth. This review summarizes the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and tolerability of lapatinib, and reviews both Food and Drug Administration-approved and investigational uses of lapatinib in breast cancer therapy. The drug is generally well tolerated in patients, with diarrhea and rashes being the most common (usually mild or moderate) adverse effects. Unlike trastuzumab, lapatinib has infrequent adverse effects on cardiac function. Lapatinib has substantial activity for advanced ERBB2-positive breast cancer, particularly in combination with capecitabine, following progression after anthracyclines, taxanes, and trastuzumab. Lapatinib combined with capecitabine yielded significant improvements in time to progression and response rate compared with capecitabine alone. This drug can also be combined with letrozole for the treatment of postmenopausal women with ERBB2-positive breast cancer, for whom hormonal therapy is indicated. Lapatinib has shown early promise in treatment of central nervous system metastasis and is being further evaluated in various clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Liao
- Braman Family Breast Cancer institute, University of Miami Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, USA
| | - Michelle Gallas
- Braman Family Breast Cancer institute, University of Miami Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, USA
| | - Mark Pegram
- Braman Family Breast Cancer institute, University of Miami Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, USA ; Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Miami Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, USA ; Departments of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Joyce Slingerland
- Braman Family Breast Cancer institute, University of Miami Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, USA ; Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Miami Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, USA ; Departments of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA ; Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
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