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Moore-Harrison T, Keane K, Brandon LJ, Smith G, Brown CS. Influence of Obesity on the Relationship of Cardiometabolic Risks Factors With Cardiovascular Disease in Older African and European Americans. Am J Health Promot 2024:8901171241246310. [PMID: 38581257 DOI: 10.1177/08901171241246310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study evaluated the impact of obesity on cardiometabolic risk factors (CRF) interrelationships and predictive efficiency of CVD development in older African (AA) and European Americans (EA). DESIGN A comparative research design evaluated CRF risk profile differences between participant groups. SETTING Seven neighborhoods in a southern US city. SUBJECTS A sample of 179 older AA (n = 128) and EA (n = 51) adults. MEASURES Non-fasting blood samples were evaluated for lipids and lipoproteins, glycosylated hemoglobin, systolic -(SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage (BF%) and physical function. ANALYSIS Data were analysis with descriptive statistics, t-tests, and correlations. RESULTS AA were heavier than EA although all had above average age-appropriate fitness. Means and relationships between CRF and other variables were different (P < .05) based on race. Both AA (41.3 + 5.8) and EA (38.6 + 6.4) BF% were CRF risks. Holding BMI constant, CRF were generally not related, and the relationships were different for AA and EA. AA had a range of 13.0 to 27.2% more favorable values for cholesterol, HDL-C, and triglyceride. EA had favorable A1c (EA 5.8 vs AA 6.2%) values. CONCLUSIONS A limitation of this report is the small sample size. Although further research is warranted, these findings suggest population specific CRF selections would improve CVD prediction in AA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trudy Moore-Harrison
- Department of Applied Physiology, Health, and Clinical Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Kivana Keane
- Department of Applied Physiology, Health, and Clinical Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - L Jerome Brandon
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Gabrielle Smith
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Candace S Brown
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA
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Moore-Harrison T, Keane K, Jerome Brandon L. Cardiometabolic risk factors and cardiovascular disease predictions in older African and European Americans. Prev Med Rep 2022; 30:102019. [PMID: 36275039 PMCID: PMC9579359 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2022.102019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiometabolic (CMO) risks factors do not provide similar cardiovascular disease (CVD) predictions in young African (AA) and European Americans (EA) adults. Whether CMO risk predictions contribute to this disparity in older adults is unclear. We hypothesize that older AA CMO clustering pattern will be different from EA clustering patterns when determine with non-fasting lipid and lipoproteins. The participants were 106 older adults (66 AA and 40 EA) from a working/middle class neighborhood (income $46,364 – $80,904) in an urban North Carolina community. The participants were evaluated for CMO risk factors (total cholesterol, high- (HDL) and low-density lipoproteins (LDL), triglyceride (TG), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), systolic –SBP- and diastolic blood pressures -DBP), body mass index (BMI), body fat % (BF%) and timed up and go test (assessed falls risk and physical function). The AA participants were heavier, had higher BMI, BF%, and timed up and go values (p < 0.01). The data were evaluated for differences (t-test) and Pearson correlations for relationships. If data differ by p < 0.05 the data were significantly different. The AA had a 17.6 % higher HDL (64.7 vs 55.1 mg/dL – p < 0.05) and 7.6 % higher HbA1c (5.8 vs 5.4 % – p < 0.01) than EA. Higher HDL values in EA indicate lower CVD risks. The HDL paradox for AA (AA had higher HDL values, but greater CVD risks) was observed and the HbA1c difference may be misleading, as similar glucose values in AA tend to have higher HbA1c values. Lipid, lipoprotein, and blood pressure was not different between the races. AA had higher body composition and HDL values. Although future research on this topic with larger samples, dietary data and detailed descriptions of participations medications is warranted to validate findings from this study. These data suggest older AA and EA adults with similar environmental conditions have similar CMO risks when measures with none fasting blood samples. Since AA have a greater prevalence of CVD, these finding suggests that population specific CMO risk factor clustering may be more effective predictors of CVD for AA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trudy Moore-Harrison
- Dept. of Applied Physiology, Health and Clinical Sciences, University of North Carolina Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA,Corresponding author.
| | - Kivana Keane
- Dept. of Applied Physiology, Health and Clinical Sciences, University of North Carolina Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - L. Jerome Brandon
- Department of Kinesiology & Health, Georgia State Univ. Atlanta, GA, USA
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Chevli PA, Freedman BI, Hsu FC, Xu J, Rudock ME, Ma L, Parks JS, Palmer ND, Shapiro MD. Plasma metabolomic profiling in subclinical atherosclerosis: the Diabetes Heart Study. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2021; 20:231. [PMID: 34876126 PMCID: PMC8653597 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-021-01419-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Incidence rates of cardiovascular disease (CVD) are increasing, partly driven by the diabetes epidemic. Novel prediction tools and modifiable treatment targets are needed to enhance risk assessment and management. Plasma metabolite associations with subclinical atherosclerosis were investigated in the Diabetes Heart Study (DHS), a cohort enriched for type 2 diabetes (T2D). METHODS The analysis included 700 DHS participants, 438 African Americans (AAs), and 262 European Americans (EAs), in whom coronary artery calcium (CAC) was assessed using ECG-gated computed tomography. Plasma metabolomics using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry identified 853 known metabolites. An ancestry-specific marginal model incorporating generalized estimating equations examined associations between metabolites and CAC (log-transformed (CAC + 1) as outcome measure). Models were adjusted for age, sex, BMI, diabetes duration, date of plasma collection, time between plasma collection and CT exam, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and statin use. RESULTS At an FDR-corrected p-value < 0.05, 33 metabolites were associated with CAC in AAs and 36 in EAs. The androgenic steroids, fatty acid, phosphatidylcholine, and bile acid metabolism subpathways were associated with CAC in AAs, whereas fatty acid, lysoplasmalogen, and branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) subpathways were associated with CAC in EAs. CONCLUSIONS Strikingly different metabolic signatures were associated with subclinical coronary atherosclerosis in AA and EA DHS participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parag Anilkumar Chevli
- Section on Hospital Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Barry I Freedman
- Section on Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Fang-Chi Hsu
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Jianzhao Xu
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, 1 Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Megan E Rudock
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, 1 Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Lijun Ma
- Section on Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - John S Parks
- Section on Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Nicholette D Palmer
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, 1 Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.
| | - Michael D Shapiro
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Center for Preventive Cardiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, 1 Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.
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Dhana K, Barnes LL, Liu X, Agarwal P, Desai P, Krueger KR, Holland TM, Halloway S, Aggarwal NT, Evans DA, Rajan KB. Genetic risk, adherence to a healthy lifestyle, and cognitive decline in African Americans and European Americans. Alzheimers Dement 2021; 18:572-580. [PMID: 34310036 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We investigated the role of genetic risk and adherence to lifestyle factors on cognitive decline in African Americans and European Americans. METHODS Using data from the Chicago Health and Aging Project (1993-2012; n = 3874), we defined the genetic risk based on presence of apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε 4 allele and determined a healthy lifestyle using a scoring of five factors: non-smoking, exercising, being cognitively active, having a high-quality diet, and limiting alcohol use. We used linear mixed-effects models to estimate cognitive decline by genetic risk and lifestyle score. RESULTS APOE ε 4 allele was associated with faster cognitive decline in both races. However, within APOE ε 4 carriers, adherence to a healthy lifestyle (eg., 4 to 5 healthy factors) was associated with a slower cognitive decline by 0.023 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.004, 0.042) units/year in African Americans and 0.044 (95% CI 0.008, 0.080) units/year in European Americans. DISCUSSION A healthy lifestyle was associated with a slower cognitive decline in African and European Americans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klodian Dhana
- Rush Institute for Healthy Aging, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Lisa L Barnes
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Department of Neurology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Xiaoran Liu
- Rush Institute for Healthy Aging, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Puja Agarwal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Pankaja Desai
- Rush Institute for Healthy Aging, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Kristin R Krueger
- Rush Institute for Healthy Aging, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Thomas M Holland
- Rush Institute for Healthy Aging, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Shannon Halloway
- Department of Community, Systems and Mental Health Nursing, Rush University College of Nursing, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Neelum T Aggarwal
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Department of Neurology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Denis A Evans
- Rush Institute for Healthy Aging, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Kumar B Rajan
- Rush Institute for Healthy Aging, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Brandon LJ, Proctor LD. Do the Same Central Anthropometric Variables that Best Predict Blood Pressure in European Americans also Best Predict Blood Pressure in African Americans? Ethn Dis 2020; 30:349-356. [PMID: 32346281 DOI: 10.18865/ed.30.2.349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The purpose of this study was to determine if central anthropometric variables that best estimate blood pressure risks in European Americans also best estimate blood pressure risks in African Americans. Design The participants were 357 normotensive African and European American volunteers with a mean age of 32.6 ± 12.4 years. Participants were evaluated for central adiposity with dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, abdomen and thigh skinfolds, waist and hip circumferences, waist/hip ratio, waist/height ratio, body mass index, and systolic and diastolic blood pressures. Descriptive statistics, partial correlations, ANOVA and stepwise regressions were used to analyze the data. Results Central adiposity anthropometric indices made different contributions to blood pressure in African and European American men and women. When weight was held constant, waist circumference shared stronger partial relationships with blood pressure in African Americans (r = .30 to .47) than in European Americans (r = .11 to .32). Waist circumference in combination with other indices was a predictor of systolic and diastolic blood pressures in European American men (P<.05) but only a predictor for diastolic blood pressure in African American men and women (P<.01). Hip circumference was the only predictor for systolic blood pressure (P<.01) in African American men and women. Conclusions Further research on the relative contributions of central anthropometric indices to blood pressure in African and European Americans is warranted. A better understanding of this relationship may help reduce hypertensive morbidity and mortality disparities between African and European Americans.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Jerome Brandon
- Department of Kinesiology & Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Larry D Proctor
- Department of Kinesiology, Sport and Leisure Studies, Grambling State University, Grambling, LA
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Cheng Z, Yang B, Zhou H, Nunez Y, Kranzler HR, Gelernter J. Genome-wide scan identifies opioid overdose risk locus close to MCOLN1. Addict Biol 2020; 25:e12811. [PMID: 31362332 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The United States is experiencing the worst opioid overdose (OpOD) crisis in its history. We carried out a genome-wide association study on OpOD severity among 3 477 opioid-exposed individuals, 1 019 of whom experienced OpODs, including 2 032 European Americans (EAs) (653 overdose cases), and 1 445 African Americans (AAs) (366 overdose cases). Participants were scored 1 to 4 based on their reported overdose status and the number of times that medical treatment was required. Genome-wide association study (GWAS) of EAs and AAs separately resulted in two genome-wide significant (GWS) signals in AAs but none in EAs. The first signal was represented by three closely mapped variants (rs115208233, rs116181528, and rs114077267) located near mucolipin 1 (MCOLN1) and patatin-like phospholipase domain containing 6 (PNPLA6), and the other signal was represented by rs369098800 near dead-box helicase 18 (DDX18). There were no additional GWS signals in the trans-population meta-analysis, so that post-GWAS analysis focused on these loci. In network analysis, MCOLN1 was coexpressed with PNPLA6, but only MCOLN1-associated genes were enriched in functional categories relevant to OpOD, including calcium and cation channel activities; no enrichment was observed for PNPLA6-associated genes. Drug repositioning analysis was carried out in the connectivity map (CMap) database for MCOLN1 (PNPLA6 was not available in CMap) and showed that the opioid agonist drug-induced expression profile is similar to that of MCOLN1 overexpression and yielded the highest-ranked expression profile of 83 drug classes. Thus, MCOLN1 may be a risk gene for OpOD, but replication is needed. This knowledge could be helpful in the identification of drug targets for preventing OpOD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongshan Cheng
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of PsychiatryYale University School of Medicine and VA CT Healthcare Center New Haven CT USA
| | - Bao‐Zhu Yang
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of PsychiatryYale University School of Medicine and VA CT Healthcare Center New Haven CT USA
| | - Hang Zhou
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of PsychiatryYale University School of Medicine and VA CT Healthcare Center New Haven CT USA
| | - Yaira Nunez
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of PsychiatryYale University School of Medicine and VA CT Healthcare Center New Haven CT USA
| | - Henry R. Kranzler
- Center for Studies of Addiction, Department of PsychiatryUniversity of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine and Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center Philadelphia PA USA
| | - Joel Gelernter
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of PsychiatryYale University School of Medicine and VA CT Healthcare Center New Haven CT USA
- Departments of Genetics and NeuroscienceYale University School of Medicine New Haven CT USA
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Abstract
This study explored the cultural differences in the false consensus effect (FCE) between Koreans and European Americans. Two studies adopted a traditional false consensus paradigm and investigated the relative magnitude of the FCE between the two cultures in three different categories of personal choices (Study 1) and behavioral choices involving hypothetical conflict situations (Study 2). The FCE was observed in both the cultures and the effect tended to be stronger among Koreans than European Americans. However, the results from Study 1 also demonstrated that this cultural effect depends on the domain of choices. Cultural implications were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Incheol Choi
- Department of Psychology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Oona Cha
- School of Business Administration, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, South Korea
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Creary LE, Gangavarapu S, Mallempati KC, Montero-Martín G, Caillier SJ, Santaniello A, Hollenbach JA, Oksenberg JR, Fernández-Viña MA. Next-generation sequencing reveals new information about HLA allele and haplotype diversity in a large European American population. Hum Immunol 2019; 80:807-22. [PMID: 31345698 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2019.07.275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genes are extremely polymorphic and are useful molecular markers to make inferences about human population history. However, the accuracy of the estimation of genetic diversity at HLA loci very much depends on the technology used to characterize HLA alleles; high-resolution genotyping of long-range HLA gene products improves the assessment of HLA population diversity as well as other population parameters compared to lower resolution typing methods. In this study we examined allelic and haplotype HLA diversity in a large healthy European American population sourced from the UCSF-DNA bank. A high-resolution next-generation sequencing method was applied to define non-ambiguous 3- and 4-field alleles at the HLA-A, HLA-C, HLA-B, HLA-DRB1, HLA-DRB3/4/5, HLA-DQA1, HLA-DQB1, HLA-DPA1, and HLA-DPB1 loci in samples provided by 2248 unrelated individuals. A number of population parameters were examined including balancing selection and various measurements of linkage disequilibrium were calculated. There were no detectable deviations from Hardy-Weinberg proportions at HLA-A, HLA-DRB1, HLA-DQA1 and HLA-DQB1. For the remaining loci moderate and significant deviations were detected at HLA-C, HLA-B, HLA-DRB3/4/5, HLA-DPA1 and HLA-DPB1 loci mostly from population substructures. Unique 4-field associations were observed among alleles at 2 loci and haplotypes extending large intervals that were not apparent in results obtained using testing methodologies with limited sequence coverage and phasing. The high diversity at HLA-DPA1 results from detection of intron variants of otherwise well conserved protein sequences. It may be speculated that divergence in exon sequences may be negatively selected. Our data provides a valuable reference source for future population studies that may allow for precise fine mapping of coding and non-coding sequences determining disease susceptibility and allo-immunogenicity.
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Mehanna M, Wang Z, Gong Y, McDonough CW, Beitelshees AL, Gums JG, Chapman AB, Schwartz GL, Bailey KR, Johnson JA, Turner ST, Cooper-DeHoff RM. Plasma Renin Activity Is a Predictive Biomarker of Blood Pressure Response in European but not in African Americans With Uncomplicated Hypertension. Am J Hypertens 2019; 32:668-675. [PMID: 30753254 PMCID: PMC6558666 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpz022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interindividual variability in blood pressure (BP) response to antihypertensives has been reported. Although plasma renin activity (PRA) is a potential biomarker for personalizing antihypertensive therapy in European American (EA) and African American (AA) hypertensives, clinical utility of PRA-guided prescribing is incompletely understood. METHODS Using systematic-phased approach, PRA's clinical utility was assessed. After categorizing by baseline PRA, clinic systolic BP (SBP) responses to metoprolol and chlorthalidone were compared in 134 EAs and 102 AAs enrolled in the Pharmacogenomics Evaluation of Antihypertensive Responses-2 (PEAR-2) trial. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was conducted in EAs. Data from PEAR-2 AAs were used to estimate an optimal PRA cut point using multivariable linear regression models. The derived cut point in AAs was tested in a meta-analysis of 2 independent AA cohorts, and its sensitivity and specificity were assessed. RESULTS EAs with PRA < 0.65 ng/ml/hour had a greater decrease in SBP to chlorthalidone than metoprolol (by -15.9 mm Hg, adjusted P < 0.0001), whereas those with PRA ≥ 0.65 ng/ml/hour had a greater decrease in SBP to metoprolol than chlorthalidone (by 3.3 mm Hg, adjusted P = 0.04). Area under ROC curve (0.69, P = 0.0001) showed that PRA can predict SBP response among EAs. However, we observed no association between PRA and SBP response in PEAR-2 AAs. Among independent AA cohorts, those with PRA ≥ 1.3 ng/ml/hour (PEAR-2-derived cut point) responded better to atenolol/candesartan than hydrochlorothiazide (meta-analysis P = 0.01). However, sensitivity of the derived cut point was 10%. CONCLUSIONS PRA at the previously established 0.60-0.65 ng/ml/hour cut point is an effective predictive biomarker of BP response in EAs. However, we were unable to identify PRA cut point that could be used to guide antihypertensive selection in AAs. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT01203852, NCT00246519, NCT00005520.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Mehanna
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research and Center for Pharmacogenomics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Zhiying Wang
- Human Genetics and Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Yan Gong
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research and Center for Pharmacogenomics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Caitrin W McDonough
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research and Center for Pharmacogenomics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | | | - John G Gums
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research and Center for Pharmacogenomics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Arlene B Chapman
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Gary L Schwartz
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Kent R Bailey
- Department of Statistics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Julie A Johnson
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research and Center for Pharmacogenomics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Stephen T Turner
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Rhonda M Cooper-DeHoff
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research and Center for Pharmacogenomics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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Cheng Z, Zhou H, Sherva R, Farrer LA, Kranzler HR, Gelernter J. Genome-wide Association Study Identifies a Regulatory Variant of RGMA Associated With Opioid Dependence in European Americans. Biol Psychiatry 2018; 84:762-770. [PMID: 29478698 PMCID: PMC6041180 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2017.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Opioid dependence (OD) is at epidemic levels in the United States. Genetic studies can provide insight into its biology. METHODS We completed an OD genome-wide association study in 3058 opioid-exposed European Americans, 1290 of whom met criteria for a DSM-IV diagnosis of OD. Analysis used DSM-IV criterion count. RESULTS By meta-analysis of four cohorts, Yale-Penn 1 (n = 1388), Yale-Penn 2 (n = 996), Yale-Penn 3 (n = 98), and SAGE (Study of Addiction: Genetics and Environment) (n = 576), we identified a variant on chromosome 15, rs12442183, near RGMA, associated with OD (p = 1.3 × 10-8). The association was also genome-wide significant in Yale-Penn 1 taken individually and nominally significant in two of the other three samples. The finding was further supported in a meta-analysis of all available opioid-exposed African Americans (n = 2014 [1106 meeting DSM-IV OD criteria]; p = 3.0 × 10-3) from three cohorts; there was nominal significance in two of these samples. Thus, of seven subsamples examined in two populations, one was genome-wide significant, and four of six were nominally (or nearly) significant. RGMA encodes repulsive guidance molecule A, which is a central nervous system axon guidance protein. Risk allele rs12442183*T was correlated with higher expression of a specific RGMA transcript variant in frontal cortex (p = 2 × 10-3). After chronic morphine injection, the homologous mouse gene (Rgma) was upregulated in C57BL/6J striatum. Coexpression analysis of 1301 brain samples revealed that RGMA messenger RNA expression was associated with that of four genes implicated in other psychiatric disorders, including GRIN1. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to demonstrate an association of RGMA with OD. It provides a new lead into our understanding of OD pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongshan Cheng
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Massachusetts; VA Connecticut Healthcare Center, West Haven, Massachusetts
| | - Hang Zhou
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Massachusetts; VA Connecticut Healthcare Center, West Haven, Massachusetts
| | - Richard Sherva
- Departments of Neurology, Ophthalmology, Genetics & Genomics, Epidemiology, and Biostatistics, Boston University School of Medicine and School Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lindsay A Farrer
- Departments of Neurology, Ophthalmology, Genetics & Genomics, Epidemiology, and Biostatistics, Boston University School of Medicine and School Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Henry R Kranzler
- Center for Studies of Addiction, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Joel Gelernter
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Massachusetts; Departments of Genetics and Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Massachusetts; VA Connecticut Healthcare Center, West Haven, Massachusetts.
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Arya R, Del Rincon I, Farook VS, Restrepo JF, Winnier DA, Fourcaudot MJ, Battafarano DF, de Almeida M, Kumar S, Curran JE, Jenkinson CP, Blangero J, Duggirala R, Escalante A. Genetic Variants Influencing Joint Damage in Mexican Americans and European Americans With Rheumatoid Arthritis. Genet Epidemiol 2015; 39:678-88. [PMID: 26498133 DOI: 10.1002/gepi.21938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Revised: 07/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Joint destruction in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is heritable, but knowledge on specific genetic determinants of joint damage in RA is limited. We have used the Immunochip array to examine whether genetic variants influence variation in joint damage in a cohort of Mexican Americans (MA) and European Americans (EA) with RA. We studied 720 MA and 424 EA patients with RA. Joint damage was quantified using a radiograph of both hands and wrists, scored using Sharp's technique. We conducted association analyses with the transformed Sharp score and the Immunochip single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data using PLINK. In MAs, 15 SNPs from chromosomes 1, 5, 9, 17 and 22 associated with joint damage yielded strong p-values (p < 1 × 10(-4) ). The strongest association with joint damage was observed with rs7216796, an intronic SNP located in the MAP3K14 gene, on chromosome 17 (β ± SE = -0.25 ± 0.05, p = 6.23 × 10(-6) ). In EAs, 28 SNPs from chromosomes 1, 4, 6, 9, and 21 showed associations with joint damage (p-value < 1 × 10(-4) ). The best association was observed on chromosome 9 with rs59902911 (β ± SE = 0.86 ± 0.17, p = 1.01 × 10(-6) ), a synonymous SNP within the CARD9 gene. We also observed suggestive evidence for some loci influencing joint damage in MAs and EAs. We identified two novel independent loci (MAP3K14 and CARD9) strongly associated with joint damage in MAs and EAs and a few shared loci showing suggestive evidence for association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rector Arya
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute and Regional Academic Health Center, the University of Texas Health Science Center, Edinburg, Texas, United States of America
| | - Inmaculada Del Rincon
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, the University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Vidya S Farook
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute and Regional Academic Health Center, the University of Texas Health Science Center, Edinburg, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jose F Restrepo
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, the University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Diedre A Winnier
- Research and Information Management, University Health System, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Marcel J Fourcaudot
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Medicine, the University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | | | - Marcio de Almeida
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute and UT Brownsville, Brownsville, Texas, United States of America
| | - Satish Kumar
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute and Regional Academic Health Center, the University of Texas Health Science Center, Edinburg, Texas, United States of America
| | - Joanne E Curran
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute and UT Brownsville, Brownsville, Texas, United States of America
| | - Christopher P Jenkinson
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute and Regional Academic Health Center, the University of Texas Health Science Center, Edinburg, Texas, United States of America
| | - John Blangero
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute and UT Brownsville, Brownsville, Texas, United States of America
| | - Ravindranath Duggirala
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute and Regional Academic Health Center, the University of Texas Health Science Center, Edinburg, Texas, United States of America
| | - Agustin Escalante
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, the University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
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12
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Dogan MV, Xiang J, Beach SRH, Cutrona C, Gibbons FX, Simons RL, Brody GH, Stapleton JT, Philibert RA. Ethnicity and Smoking-Associated DNA Methylation Changes at HIV Co-Receptor GPR15. Front Psychiatry 2015; 6:132. [PMID: 26441693 PMCID: PMC4585036 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2015.00132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Smoking is associated with poorer health outcomes for both African and European Americans. In order to better understand whether ethnic-specific genetic variation may underlie some of these differences, we compared the smoking-associated genome-wide methylation signatures of African Americans with those of European Americans, and followed up this analysis with a focused examination of the most ethnically divergent locus, cg19859270, at the GPR15 gene. We examined the association of methylation at this locus to the rs2230344 SNP and GPR15 gene and protein expression. Consistent with prior analyses, AHRR residue cg05575921 was the most differentially methylated residue in both African Americans and European Americans. However, the second most differentially methylated locus in African Americans, cg19859270, was only modestly differentially methylated in European Americans. Interrogation of the methylation status of this CpG residue found in GPR15, a chemokine receptor involved in HIV pathogenesis, showed a significant interaction of ethnicity with smoking as well as a marginal effect of genotype at rs2230344, a neighboring non-synonymous SNP, but only among African Americans. Gene and protein expression analyses showed that demethylation at cg19859270 was associated with an increase in both mRNA and protein levels. Since GPR15 is involved in the early stages of viral replication for some HIV-1 and HIV-2 isolates, and the prevalence of HIV is increased in African Americans and smokers, these data support a possible role for GPR15 in the ethnically dependent differential prevalence of HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meeshanthini V Dogan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa , Iowa City, IA , USA ; Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa , Iowa City, IA , USA
| | - Jinhua Xiang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, IA , USA ; Iowa City Veterans Affairs , Iowa City, IA , USA
| | - Steven R H Beach
- Center for Family Research, University of Georgia , Athens, GA , USA
| | - Carolyn Cutrona
- Department of Psychology, Iowa State University , Ames, IA , USA
| | | | - Ronald L Simons
- Center for Family Research, University of Georgia , Athens, GA , USA
| | - Gene H Brody
- Center for Family Research, University of Georgia , Athens, GA , USA
| | - Jack T Stapleton
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, IA , USA ; Iowa City Veterans Affairs , Iowa City, IA , USA
| | - Robert A Philibert
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa , Iowa City, IA , USA ; Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa , Iowa City, IA , USA
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13
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Ulloa AE, Chen J, Vergara VM, Calhoun V, Liu J. Association between copy number variation losses and alcohol dependence across African American and European American ethnic groups. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2014; 38:1266-74. [PMID: 24512105 PMCID: PMC3999255 DOI: 10.1111/acer.12364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Accepted: 12/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Copy number variations (CNVs) are structural genetic mutations consisting of segmental gains or losses in DNA sequence. Although CNVs contribute substantially to genomic variation, few genetic and imaging studies report association of CNVs with alcohol dependence (AD). Our purpose is to find evidence of this association across ethnic populations and genders. This work is the first AD-CNV study across ethnic groups and the first to include the African American (AA) population. METHODS This study considers 2 CNV data sets, one for discovery (2,345 samples) and the other for validation (239 samples), both including subjects with AD and healthy controls of European and African ancestry. Our analysis assesses the association between AD and CNV losses across ethnic groups and gender by examining the effect of overall losses across the whole genome, collective losses within individual cytogenetic bands, and specific losses in CNV regions. RESULTS Results from the discovery data set showed an association between CNV losses within 16q12.2 and AD diagnosis (p = 4.53 × 10(-3) ). An overlapping CNV region from the validation data set exhibited the same direction of effect with respect to AD (p = 0.051). This CNV region affects the genes CES1p1 and CES1, which are members of the carboxylesterase (CES) family. The enzyme encoded by CES1 is a major liver enzyme that typically catalyzes the decomposition of ester into alcohol and carboxylic acid and is involved in drug or xenobiotics, fatty acid, and cholesterol metabolisms. In addition, the most significantly associated CNV region was located at 9p21.2 (p = 1.9 × 10(-3) ) in our discovery data set. Although not observed in the validation data set, probably due to small sample size, this result might hold potential connection to AD given its connection with neuronal death. In contrast, we did not find any association between AD and the overall total losses or the collective losses within individual cytogenetic bands. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our study provides evidence that the specific CNVs at 16q12.2 contribute to the development of alcoholism in AA and European American populations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jiayu Chen
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of New Mexico
- The Mind Research Network and Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute
| | - Victor Manuel Vergara
- The Mind Research Network and Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute
| | - Vince Calhoun
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of New Mexico
- The Mind Research Network and Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute
| | - Jingyu Liu
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of New Mexico
- The Mind Research Network and Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute
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14
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Culverhouse RC, Johnson EO, Breslau N, Hatsukami DK, Sadler B, Brooks AI, Hesselbrock VM, Schuckit MA, Tischfield JA, Goate AM, Saccone NL, Bierut LJ. Multiple distinct CHRNB3-CHRNA6 variants are genetic risk factors for nicotine dependence in African Americans and European Americans. Addiction 2014; 109:814-22. [PMID: 24401102 PMCID: PMC3984604 DOI: 10.1111/add.12478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Revised: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 12/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Studies have shown association between common variants in the α6-β3 nicotinic receptor subunit gene cluster and nicotine dependence in European ancestry populations. We investigate whether this generalizes to African Americans, whether the association is specific to nicotine dependence and whether this region contains additional genetic contributors to nicotine dependence. DESIGN We examined consistency of association across studies and race between the α6β3 nicotinic receptor subunit locus and nicotine, alcohol, marijuana and cocaine dependence in three independent studies. SETTING United States of America. PARTICIPANTS European Americans and African Americans from three case-control studies of substance dependence. MEASUREMENTS Subjects were evaluated using the Semi-Structured Assessment for the Genetics of Alcoholism. Nicotine dependence was determined using the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence. FINDINGS The single nucleotide polymorphism rs13273442 was associated significantly with nicotine dependence across all three studies in both ancestry groups [odds ratio (OR) = 0.75, P = 5.8 × 10(-4) European Americans; OR = 0.80, P = 0.05 African Americans]. No other substance dependence was associated consistently with this variant in either group. Another SNP in the region, rs4952, remains modestly associated with nicotine dependence in the combined data after conditioning on rs13273442. CONCLUSIONS The common variant rs13273442 in the CHRNB3-CHNRA6 region is associated significantly with nicotine dependence in European Americans and African Americans across studies recruited for nicotine, alcohol and cocaine dependence. Although these data are modestly powered for other substances, our results provide no evidence that correlates of rs13273442 represent a general substance dependence liability. Additional variants probably account for some of the association of this region to nicotine dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert C Culverhouse
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA; Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
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15
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Grant SF, Petri M, Bradfield JP, Kim CE, Santa E, Annaiah K, Frackelton EC, Glessner JT, Otieno FG, Shaner JL, Smith RM, Eckert AW, Chiavacci RM, Imielinski M, Sullivan KE, Hakonarson H. Association of the BANK 1 R61H variant with systemic lupus erythematosus in Americans of European and African ancestry. Appl Clin Genet 2009; 2:1-5. [PMID: 23776345 PMCID: PMC3681036 DOI: 10.2147/tacg.s4089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Recently an association was demonstrated between the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), rs10516487, within the B-cell gene BANK1 and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) as a consequence of a genome wide association study of this disease in European and Argentinean populations. In a bid for replication, we examined the effects of the R61H non-synonymous variant with respect to SLE in our genotyped American cohorts of European and African ancestry. Utilizing data from our ongoing genome-wide association study in our cohort of 178 Caucasian SLE cases and 1808 Caucasian population-based controls plus 148 African American (AA) SLE cases and 1894 AA population-based controls we investigated the association of the previously described non-synonymous SNP at the BANK1 locus with the disease in the two ethnicities separately. Using a Fisher’s exact test, the minor allele frequency (MAF) of rs10516487 in the Caucasian cases was 22.6% while it was 31.2% in Caucasian controls, yielding a protective odds ratio (OR) of 0.64 (95% CI 0.49-0.85; one-sided p = 7.07 × 10−4). Furthermore, the MAF of rs10516487 in the AA cases was 18.7% while it was 23.3% in AA controls, yielding a protective OR of 0.75 (95% CI 0.55–1.034; one-sided p = 0.039). The OR of the BANK1 variant in our study cohorts is highly comparable with that reported previously in a South American/European SLE case-control cohort (OR = 0.72). As such, R61H in the BANK1 gene confers a similar magnitude of SLE protection, not only in European Americans, but also in African Americans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Struan Fa Grant
- Center for Applied Genomics, Abramson Research Center, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA ; Department of Pediatrics and Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA ; Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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