1
|
Singh S, Karthikeyan C, Moorthy NSHN. Fatty Acid Synthase (FASN): A Patent Review Since 2016-Present. Recent Pat Anticancer Drug Discov 2023; 19:PRA-EPUB-128818. [PMID: 36644868 DOI: 10.2174/1574892818666230112170003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Fatty acid synthase (FASN), is a key metabolic enzyme involved in fatty acid biosynthesis and is an essential target for multiple disease progressions like cancer, obesity, NAFLD, etc. Aberrant expression of FASN is associated with deregulated energy metabolism of cells in these diseases. AREA COVERED This article provides a summary of the most recent developments in the discovery of novel FASN inhibitors with potential therapeutic uses in cancer, obesity, and other metabolic disorders such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease from 2016 to the present. The recently published patent applications and forthcoming clinical data of FASN inhibitors from both academia and the pharma industries are also highlighted in this study. EXPERT OPINION The implication of FASN in multiple diseases has provided an impetus for developing novel inhibitors by both pharma companies and academia. Critical analysis of the patent literature reveals the exploration of diverse molecular scaffolds to identify potential FASN inhibitors that target the different catalytic domains of the enzyme. In spite of these multifaceted efforts, only one molecule, TVB-2640, has reached phase II trials for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and many malignancies. However, thecombined efforts of pharma companies to produce several FASN inhibitors might facilitate the clinical translation of this unique class of inhibitors. Nevertheless, concerted efforts towards developing multiple FASN inhibitors by pharma companies might facilitate the clinical translation of this novel class of inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shailendra Singh
- Department of Pharmacy, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Lalpur, Amarkantak (MP)-484887, India
| | - Chandrabose Karthikeyan
- Department of Pharmacy, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Lalpur, Amarkantak (MP)-484887, India
| | - N S Hari Narayana Moorthy
- Department of Pharmacy, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Lalpur, Amarkantak (MP)-484887, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
de Angelis CM, de Lima-Souza RA, Scarini JF, Egal ESA, do Amaral-Silva GK, de Oliveira Gondak R, de Almeida OP, Chone CT, Kowalski LP, Altemani A, Mariano FV. Immunohistochemical Expression of Fatty Acid Synthase (FASN) is Correlated to Tumor Aggressiveness and Cellular Differentiation in Salivary Gland Carcinomas. Head Neck Pathol 2021; 15:1119-26. [PMID: 33843033 DOI: 10.1007/s12105-021-01319-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acid synthase (FASN) expression is closely related to cancer progression, in particular, tumor aggressiveness and poor prognosis. This study aimed to analyse the expression of FASN in carcinomas of the salivary glands and correlate it with Ki-67 expression. We analysed by immunohistochemistry the expression of FASN and Ki-67 on tissue sections from 7 cases of adenocarcinoma, not otherwise specified (AdNOS), 6 cases of polymorphous adenocarcinoma (PAC), 16 cases of acinic cell carcinoma (AcCC), 19 cases of adenoid cystic carcinoma (AdCC), 15 cases of epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma (EMC); 10 cases of secretory carcinoma (SC), 13 cases of mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC), 10 cases of salivary duct carcinoma (SDC) and 7 cases of myoepithelial carcinoma (MC). These carcinomas were classified into aggressive and indolent regarding their biological behaviour. Additionally, MEC and AdCC were also classified according to the histological grade. High expression of FASN was found in SDC (100%), SC (100%), AcCC (68.7%) and AdNOS (57.2%). No association was found between FASN and Ki-67 expression. Aggressive carcinomas showed a higher rate of Ki-67 proliferation (p < 0.001) and greater expression of FASN when compared to indolent carcinomas (p < 0.05). With regards to carcinomas categorized as indolent, FASN expression was much higher in the lesions that presented cell differentiation (SC and AcCC). Also, FASN expression was significantly higher in high-grade AdCC and MEC when compared to low-grade tumors (p < 0.05). We concluded that FASN expression was correlated to tumor aggressiveness and cellular differentiation in salivary gland carcinomas.
Collapse
|
3
|
Hsu LS, Chang CH, Lee YJ, Wang CJ. Nelumbo nucifera Leaves Prevent NMU-Induced Mammary Tumor through Downregulation of Fatty Acid Synthase, Estrogen Receptor-α and Her2 Expression. Am J Chin Med 2020; 47:1885-1899. [PMID: 31838869 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x19500964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Diet polyphenol can reportedly prevent the formation of breast-cancer cells. Nelumbo nucifera leaf extract (NLE) is enriched with polyphenols and has several cellular functions, such as anti-atherosclerosis, anti-inflammation, and antitumor. In this study, we investigated the role of NLE in the prevention of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (NMU)-induced mammary tumor formation. Cotreatment with NLE significantly reduced the NMU-induced tumor incidence, number, and volume. NLE administration significantly repressed the tumor growth and weight of nude mice upon inoculation with BT-474 cancer cells. Immunohistochemical staining indicated that fatty acid synthetase, estrogen receptor (ER)-α, and phosphorylated ER-α were obviously reduced in the cancer part of BT-474 inoculated nude mice upon administration of 2% NLE. Western blot analysis revealed that NLE and NLPE (polyphenol-rich NLE) repressed ER-α expression and phosphorylation and decreased the phosphorylation of Her-2 without affecting their expression. Overall, NLE and NLPE exhibited more effective antitumor abilities in NMU-induced mammary cancer formation than with tamoxifen and Herceptin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Sung Hsu
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hua Chang
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ju Lee
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan.,Department of Pathology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan
| | - Chau-Jong Wang
- Department of Health Diet and Industry Management, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chen G, Gao Z, Chu W, Cao Z, Li C, Zhao H. Effects of chromium picolinate on fat deposition, activity and genetic expression of lipid metabolism-related enzymes in 21 day old Ross broilers. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2017; 31:569-575. [PMID: 28830127 PMCID: PMC5838330 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.17.0289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2017] [Revised: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Objective This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of chromium picolinate (CrP) on fat deposition, genetic expression and enzymatic activity of lipid metabolism-related enzymes. Methods Two hundred forty one-day-old Ross broilers were randomly divided into 5 groups with 4 replicates per group and 12 Ross broiler chicks per replicate. The normal control group was fed a basal diet, and the other groups fed the same basal diet supplemented with 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, and 0.8 mg/kg CrP respectively. The experiment lasted for 21 days. Results Added CrP in the basal diet decreased the abdominal fat, had no effects on subcutaneous fat thickness and inter-muscular fat width; 0.2 mg/kg CrP significantly decreased the fatty acid synthase (FAS) enzymatic (p<0.05); acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) enzymatic activity decreased in all CrP groups (p<0.05); hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) enzymatic activity also decreased, but the change was not significant (p>0.05); 0.4 mg/kg CrP group significantly decreased the lipoprotein lipase (LPL) enzymatic activity. FAS mRNA expression increased in all experimental groups, and the LPL mRNA expression significantly increased in all experimental groups (p<0.05), but not 0.2 mg/kg CrP group. Conclusion The results indicated that adding CrP in basal diet decreased the abdominal fat percentage, had no effects on subcutaneous fat thickness and inter-muscular fat width, decreased the enzymatic activity of FAS, ACC, LPL and HSL and increased the genetic expression levels of FAS and LPL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guangxin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Special Animal Molecular Biology, Changchun 130112, China.,Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130112, China.,College of Agriculture, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524000, China
| | - Zhenhua Gao
- College of Agriculture, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524000, China
| | - Wenhui Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Special Animal Molecular Biology, Changchun 130112, China.,Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130112, China
| | - Zan Cao
- College of Agriculture, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524000, China
| | - Chunyi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Special Animal Molecular Biology, Changchun 130112, China.,Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130112, China
| | - Haiping Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Special Animal Molecular Biology, Changchun 130112, China.,Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130112, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Affiliation(s)
- Heidi M Blank
- a Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics , Texas A&M University , College Station , TX , USA
| | - Nairita Maitra
- a Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics , Texas A&M University , College Station , TX , USA
| | - Michael Polymenis
- a Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics , Texas A&M University , College Station , TX , USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lee JY, Oh DY, Kim HJ, Jang GS, Lee SU. Detection of superior genotype of fatty acid synthase in Korean native cattle by an environment-adjusted statistical model. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2017; 30:765-772. [PMID: 28183167 PMCID: PMC5411838 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.16.0263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examines the genetic factors influencing the phenotypes (four economic traits:oleic acid [C18:1], monounsaturated fatty acids, carcass weight, and marbling score) of Hanwoo. METHODS To enhance the accuracy of the genetic analysis, the study proposes a new statistical model that excludes environmental factors. A statistically adjusted, analysis of covariance model of environmental and genetic factors was developed, and estimated environmental effects (covariate effects of age and effects of calving farms) were excluded from the model. RESULTS The accuracy was compared before and after adjustment. The accuracy of the best single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in C18:1 increased from 60.16% to 74.26%, and that of the two-factor interaction increased from 58.69% to 87.19%. Also, superior SNPs and SNP interactions were identified using the multifactor dimensionality reduction method in Table 1 to 4. Finally, high- and low-risk genotypes were compared based on their mean scores for each trait. CONCLUSION The proposed method significantly improved the analysis accuracy and identified superior gene-gene interactions and genotypes for each of the four economic traits of Hanwoo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jea-Young Lee
- Department of Statistics, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, Korea
| | - Dong-Yep Oh
- Livestock Research institute, Yeongju 750-871, Korea
| | - Hyun-Ji Kim
- Department of Statistics, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, Korea
| | - Gab-Sue Jang
- Department of Life Sciences, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, Korea
| | - Seung-Uk Lee
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Gu Z, Wang X, Qi R, Wei L, Huo Y, Ma Y, Shi L, Chang Y, Li G, Zhou L. Oridonin induces apoptosis in uveal melanoma cells by upregulation of Bim and downregulation of Fatty Acid Synthase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 457:187-93. [PMID: 25545058 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.12.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Oridonin is an orally available drug isolated from Traditional Chinese Medicine. Previous studies with oridonin have demonstrated broad-spectrum anticancer activity in a variety of cancer types. However, the effect of oridonin in uveal melanoma has not been addressed. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether oridonin elicited anticancer activity and its underlying mechanism in human uveal melanoma cells. We demonstrated that oridonin potently reduced cell viability, induced apoptosis and inhibited clonogenic survival and growth with single digit micromolar concentrations in uveal melanoma OCM-1 and MUM2B cell lines. We found that oridonin markedly increased the expression of proapoptotic Bcl-2 family protein Bim in uveal melanoma cells, and knockdown Bim by small interfering RNA significantly attenuated oridonin-induced cell death, indicating an essential role of Bim in oridonin-mediated anticancer activity. Additionally, we observed that oridonin suppressed Fatty Acid Synthase (FAS) expression in uveal melanoma cells, and enforced FAS expression by insulin partially rescued the cells from oridonin-induced apoptosis, showing that inhibition of FAS also contributed to oridonin-mediated apoptosis. Taken together, we reported that oridonin displays potent anticancer effect against uveal melanoma cells through upregulation of Bim and inhibition of FAS. Since oridonin is a popular anticancer agent, our study therefore may have translational implication on the management of patients with uveal melanoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhimin Gu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
| | - Ruo Qi
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Lijuan Wei
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yinping Huo
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yu Ma
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Lei Shi
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yongjie Chang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Gongquan Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Lixiao Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wu W, Guo X, Zhang L, Hu D. Association between Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms of Fatty Acid Synthase and Fat Deposition in the Liver of the Overfed Goose. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2014; 27:1244-9. [PMID: 25178366 PMCID: PMC4150189 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2013.13790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Revised: 02/09/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Goose fatty liver is one of the most delicious and popular foods in the world, but there is no reliable genetic marker for the early selection and breeding of geese with good liver-producing potential. In our study, one hundred and twenty-four 78-day-old Landes geese bred in Shunda Landes goose breeding farm, Jiutai, Jilin, China were selected randomly. The fatty livers were sampled each week after overfeeding during a three week period. Polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism and DNA sequencing were used to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of fatty acid synthase (FAS), which is an important enzyme involved in the synthesis of fat under both physiological and pathological conditions. Least-squares correlation was established between these SNPs and fatty liver weight, abdominal fat weight, and intestinal fat weight of the overfed Landes geese, respectively. The results showed that fatty liver weight of geese with EF and FF genotypes (amplified by primer P1) was significantly higher than that of the EE genotype (p<0.05), and liver weight of CD and DD genotypes (amplified by primer P2) was significantly higher than that of the CC genotype (p<0.05). Different genotype combinations showed different liver weights, and from highest to lowest were ABDD, DDEF, DDFF, DDEE, ABEF, ABFF, AADD, and CDEF. Further analysis of DNA sequencing showed that there were two SNPs within the 5' promoter region the FAS gene. The geese of EF and FF genotypes carried a change of T to C, and the geese of CD and DD genotypes carried a change of A to G. The changes of the bases could potentially influence the binding of some transcription factors to this region as to regulate FAS gene. To our knowledge, this is the first report of SNPs found within the 5' promoter region of the Landes goose FAS gene, and our data will provide an insight for early selection of geese for liver production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wu
- Corresponding Author: Wei Wu. Tel: +86-431-84533218, Fax: +86-431-84533218, E-mail:
| | - Xuan Guo
- Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210061,
China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Jiangxi Province Animal Husbandry Technology and Advice Station, Nanchang, 330044,
China
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ardiyanti A, Abe T, Tameoka N, Kobayashi E, Shoji N, Ohtani Y, Suzuki K, Roh SG, Katoh K. Effects of growth hormone gene polymorphism on lipogenic gene expression levels in diaphragm tissues of Japanese black heifers. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2014; 25:1055-62. [PMID: 25049663 PMCID: PMC4093005 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2012.12029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2012] [Revised: 05/01/2012] [Accepted: 04/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Two SNPs, i.e. L127V and T172M, of bovine growth hormone (GH) causing the presence of GH gene haplotypes A, B, and C was previously shown to alter intramuscular fatty acid (FA) composition in Japanese Black (JB) heifers. To determine the SNP effect on somatotropic hormone concentration and lipogenesis, we measured plasma GH, insulin, and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) concentrations. We also measured mRNA levels of fatty acid synthase (FASN), stearoyl-coA desaturase (SCD), and sterol regulatory element binding proteins-1 (SREBP-1) and FA composition in diaphragm tissues. Heifers with genotype CC had the lowest plasma insulin concentration and FASN and SCD mRNA levels among genotypes. FASN mRNA levels in haplotype A tended to positively correlate with saturated FA (SFA) content and negatively correlated with C18:2 and unsaturated FA (USFA) contents. SCD mRNA levels in haplotype A positively correlated with monounsaturated FA (MUFA) contents and negatively correlated with C18:0 content. They also tended to positively correlate with C16:1, C18:1, and USFA contents and USFA/SFA ratio and negatively correlate with SFA content. Taken together, GH gene polymorphism affects the lipogenic genes expression levels and their relationships with fatty acid compositions in diaphragm tissues of JB heifers at 31 months of age.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tsuyoshi Abe
- National Livestock Breeding Center, Fukushima 961-8511, Japan
| | - Nanae Tameoka
- National Livestock Breeding Center, Fukushima 961-8511, Japan
| | - Eiji Kobayashi
- National Livestock Breeding Center, Fukushima 961-8511, Japan
| | - Noriaki Shoji
- Yamagata General Agricultural Research Center, Shinjo 996-0041, Japan
| | | | - Keiichi Suzuki
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 981-8555, Japan
| | - Sang-Gun Roh
- National Livestock Breeding Center, Fukushima 961-8511, Japan
| | - Kazuo Katoh
- National Livestock Breeding Center, Fukushima 961-8511, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND De novo lipogenesis (DNL) is a complex and highly regulated metabolic pathway. In normal conditions DNL converts excess carbohydrate into fatty acids that are then esterified to storage triacylglycerols (TGs). These TGs could later provide energy via β-oxidation. In human body this pathway is primarily active in liver and adipose tissue. However, it is considered to be a minor contributor to the serum lipid homeostasis. Deregulations in the lipogenic pathway are associated with diverse pathological conditions. SCOPE OF REVIEW The present review focuses on our current understanding of the lipogenic pathway with special reference to the causes and consequences of aberrant DNL. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS The deregulation of DNL in the major lipogenic tissues of the human body is often observed in various metabolic anomalies - including obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and metabolic syndrome. In addition to that de novo lipogenesis is reported to be exacerbated in cancer tissues, virus infected cells etc. These observations suggest that inhibitors of the DNL pathway might serve as therapeutically significant compounds. The effectiveness of these inhibitors in treatment of cancer and obesity has been suggested by previous works. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE De novo lipogenesis - which is an intricate and highly regulated pathway - can lead to adverse metabolic consequences when deregulated. Therapeutic targeting of this pathway may open a new window of opportunity for combating various lipogenesis-driven pathological conditions - including obesity, cancer and certain viral infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Ameer
- Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, Lahore-54590, Pakistan
| | - Lisa Scandiuzzi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, 10461, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Shahida Hasnain
- Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, Lahore-54590, Pakistan
| | - Hubert Kalbacher
- Medical and Natural Sciences Research Centre, University of Tubingen, Germany
| | - Nousheen Zaidi
- Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, Lahore-54590, Pakistan.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Yao J, Maxwell JB, Rock CO. Resistance to AFN-1252 arises from missense mutations in Staphylococcus aureus enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase (FabI). J Biol Chem 2013; 288:36261-71. [PMID: 24189061 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.512905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AFN-1252 is a potent antibiotic against Staphylococcus aureus that targets the enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase (FabI). A thorough screen for AFN-1252-resistant strains was undertaken to identify the spectrum of mechanisms for acquired resistance. A missense mutation in fabI predicted to encode FabI(M99T) was isolated 49 times, and a single isolate was predicted to encode FabI(Y147H). AFN-1252 only bound to the NADPH form of FabI, and the close interactions between the drug and Met-99 and Tyr-147 explained how the mutations would result in resistant enzymes. The clone expressing FabI(Y147H) had a pronounced growth defect that was rescued by exogenous fatty acid supplementation, and the purified protein had less than 5% of the enzymatic activity of FabI. FabI(Y147F) was also catalytically defective but retained its sensitivity to AFN-1252, illustrating the importance of the conserved Tyr-147 hydroxyl group in FabI function. The strains expressing FabI(M99T) exhibited normal growth, and the biochemical properties of the purified protein were indistinguishable from those of FabI. The AFN-1252 Ki(app) increased from 4 nm in FabI to 69 nm in FabI(M99T), accounting for the increased resistance of the corresponding mutant strain. The low activity of FabI(Y147H) precluded an accurate Ki measurement. The strain expressing FabI(Y147H) was also resistant to triclosan; however, the strain expressing FabI(M99T) was more susceptible. Strains with higher levels of AFN-1252 resistance were not obtained. The AFN-1252-resistant strains remained sensitive to submicromolar concentrations of AFN-1252, which blocked growth through inhibition of fatty acid biosynthesis at the FabI step.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiangwei Yao
- From the Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105
| | | | | |
Collapse
|