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Alqibthiyah KH, Prasertying P, Techarang T, Kamsong W, Sulistyarti H, Uraisin K, Nacapricha D. Gold leaf electrochemical flow cell for determination of iodide in nuclear emergency tablets. Talanta 2024; 275:125963. [PMID: 38643712 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.125963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
This work introduces an innovative gold-leaf flow cell for electrochemical detection in flow injection (FI) analysis. The flow cell incorporates a hammered custom gold leaf electrochemical sensor. Hammered gold leaves consist of pure gold and are readily available in Thailand at affordable prices (approximately $0.085 for a sheet measuring 40 mm × 40 mm). Four sensing devices can be made from a single sheet of this gold leaf, resulting in a production cost of approximately $0.19 per sensor. Each electrochemical sensor has the gold leaf as the working electrode, together with a printed carbon strip, and a printed silver/silver chloride strip as the counter and reference electrodes, respectively. Initial investigations using cyclic voltammetry of a standard 1000 μmol L⁻1 iodide solution in 60 mmol L⁻1 phosphate buffer (PB) solution at pH 5, demonstrated performance comparable to that of a commercial screen-printed gold electrode. The hammered gold leaf electrode was then installed in a commercial flow cell as part of an FI system. A sample or standard iodide solution (100 μL) is injected into the first carrier stream of phosphate buffer (PB) solution, which then merges to mix with the second stream of the same buffer solution before flowing into the flow cell for amperometric detection of iodide. The optimized operating conditions include a fixed potential of +0.39 V (vs Ag/AgCl), and a total flow rate of 3 mL min⁻1. A linear calibration is obtained in the concentration range of 1 to 1000 μmol L⁻1 I- with a typical equation of μA = (0.00299 ± 0.00004) × (μmol L-1 I-) + (0.021 ± 0.020), and R2 = 0.9994. Analysis of iodide using this gold leaf-FI system is rapid with sample throughput of 86 samples h⁻1 and %RSD of a sample of 100 μmol L⁻1 I⁻ of 1.2 (n = 29). The limit of detection, (calculated as 2.78 × SD of regression line/slope), is 27 μmol L⁻1 I-. This method was successfully applied to determine iodide in nuclear emergency tablets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurnia Hidayatulloh Alqibthiyah
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama 6 Road, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Paithoon Prasertying
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama 6 Road, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Takdanai Techarang
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama 6 Road, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Wichayaporn Kamsong
- National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Phahonyothin, Thailand
| | - Hermin Sulistyarti
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematic and Natural Science, Brawijaya University, Malang, 65145, Indonesia
| | - Kanchana Uraisin
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama 6 Road, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Duangjai Nacapricha
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama 6 Road, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.
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Pu Y, Wu G, Wang Y, Wu X, Chu N, Zeng RJ, Jiang Y. Surface coating combined with in situ cyclic voltammetry to enhance the stability of gas diffusion electrodes for electrochemical CO 2 reduction. Sci Total Environ 2024; 918:170758. [PMID: 38331286 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Electrochemical CO2 reduction (CO2RR), fueled by clean and renewable energy, presents a promising method for utilizing CO2 effectively. The electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 to CO using a gas diffusion electrode (GDE) has shown great potential for industrial applications due to its high reaction rate and selectivity. However, guaranteeing its long-term stability still poses a significant challenge. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive investigation into various strategies to enhance the stability of the GDE. These strategies involved modifying the structure of the substrate, such as the gas diffusion layer (GDL) and the back side of the GDL (macroporous layer side). Additionally, we explored modifications to the catalyst layer (CL) and the front of the CL. To address these stability concerns, we proposed a practical approach that involved surface coating using carbon black in combination with in situ cyclic voltammetry (CV) cycles on Ag/Ag300/polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). The partial Faradaic efficiency exceeded 80 % within a span of 70 h. Electron microscopy and electrochemical characterization revealed that the implementation of in situ CV led to a reduction in catalyst particle size and the formation of a porous surface structure. By enhancing the stability of the GDE, this research opens up possibilities for the advancement of hybrid systems that focus on the production and utilization of syngas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Pu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Gaoying Wu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xiaobing Wu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Na Chu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Raymond Jianxiong Zeng
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yong Jiang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
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Heeschen E, DeLucia E, Arin Manav Y, Roberts D, Davaji B, Barecka MH. Low cost 3D printable flow reactors for electrochemistry. HardwareX 2024; 17:e00505. [PMID: 38226322 PMCID: PMC10788492 DOI: 10.1016/j.ohx.2023.e00505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Transition to carbon neutrality requires the development of more sustainable pathways to synthesize the next generation of chemical building blocks. Electrochemistry is a promising pathway to achieve this goal, as it allows for the use of renewable energy to drive chemical transformations. While the electroreduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) and hydrogen evolution are attracting significant research interest, fundamental challenges exist in moving the research focus toward performing these reactions on scales relevant to industrial applications. To bridge this gap, we aim to facilitate researchers' access to flow reactors, which allow the characterization of electrochemical transformations under conditions closer to those deployed in the industry. Here, we provide a 3D-printable flow cell design (manufacturing cost < $5), which consists of several plates, offering a customizable alternative to commercially available flow reactors (cost > $6,000). The proposed design and detailed build instructions allow the performance of a wide variety of chemical reactions in flow, including gas and liquid phase electroreduction, electro(less)plating, and photoelectrochemical reactions, providing researchers with more flexibility and control over their experiments. By offering an accessible, low-cost reactor alternative, we reduce the barriers to performing research on sustainable electrochemistry, supporting the global efforts necessary to realize the paradigm shift in chemical manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Heeschen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Elena DeLucia
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Yilmaz Arin Manav
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Daisy Roberts
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Benyamin Davaji
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Magda H. Barecka
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, United States
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Adel M, Allam A, Sayour AE, Ragai HF, Umezu S, Fath El-Bab AMR. Design and development of a portable low-cost QCM-based system for liquid biosensing. Biomed Microdevices 2024; 26:11. [PMID: 38236465 PMCID: PMC10796497 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-024-00696-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) is a versatile sensing platform that has gained increasing attention for its use in bioapplications due to its high sensitivity, real-time measurement capabilities, and label-free detection. This article presents a portable QCM system for liquid biosensing that uses a modified Hartley oscillator to drive 14 mm-diameter commercial QCM sensors. The system is designed to be low-cost, easy to use, and highly sensitive, making it ideal for various bioapplications. A new flow cell design to deliver samples to the surface of the sensor has been designed, fabricated, and tested. For portability and miniaturization purposes, a micropump-based pumping system is used in the current system. The system has a built-in temperature controller allowing for accurate frequency measurements. In addition, the system can be used in benchtop mode. The capability of the present system to be used in liquid biosensing is demonstrated through an experimental test for sensitivity to changes in the viscosity of glycerol samples. It was found to have a sensitivity of 263.51 Hz/mPa.s using a 10 MHz QCM sensor. Future work regarding potential applications was suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Adel
- Department of Mechatronics and Robotics Engineering, Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology (E-JUST), Alexandria, 21934, Egypt.
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Helwan University, Cairo, 11792, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed Allam
- Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering, Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology (E-JUST), Alexandria, 21934, Egypt
| | - Ashraf E Sayour
- Molecular Biomimetics Research Group, Animal Health Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, 12618, Egypt
| | - Hani F Ragai
- Electronics and Communications Department, Faculty of Engineering, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11517, Egypt
| | - Shinjiro Umezu
- Department of Modern Mechanical Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 169-8555, Japan
| | - Ahmed M R Fath El-Bab
- Department of Mechatronics and Robotics Engineering, Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology (E-JUST), Alexandria, 21934, Egypt
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Kampouraki ZC, Petala M, Zacharias K, Konstantinidis A, Zabulis X, Karamaounas P, Kostoglou M, Karapantsios TD. Highly sensitive resistance spectroscopy technique for online monitoring of biofilm growth on metallic surfaces. Environ Res 2024; 240:117401. [PMID: 37918765 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Online techniques for monitoring biofilm formation and evolution are limited, especially as regards its application in flowing water systems. This is chiefly due to the absence of efficient non-destructive and non-invasive sensing methods. In this study, a sensitive electrical resistance spectroscopy technique is developed to monitor non-invasively and in real time the growth of biofilms over metallic surfaces inside water flow systems. To this aim, Pseudomonas fluorescens strain is used for biofilm development lasting 72 h in a laboratory-scale test channel of orthogonal cross section. Biofilm development corresponds to a progressively increasing coverage of the metallic surface area up to full coverage and a progressively increasing thickness. Biofilm development is registered by continuous recording of electrical impedance signals (time series). Proper configuration and tuning of the electronics promote the resistive contribution to the signal whereas careful grounding diminishes electrical interferences and yields superb sensing sensitivity. An increase of relative electrical resistance of around 15% is noticed in 72 h flow experiments which is attributed to both an increase of metallic surface area coverage and an increase of biofilm thickness. An independent estimation of these quantities using imaging tools and microscopy analysis, indicates that full coverage of the metallic surface occurs after only 48 h of the flow experiment, whereas biofilm thickness increases gradually along the entire 72 h of the experiment. Cross-examination of electrical signals with biofilm characteristics (metallic surface coverage and biofilm thickness) reveals that, qualitatively speaking, electrical signals are rather more sensitive to metallic surface coverage than biofilm thickness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoi Christina Kampouraki
- Division of Chemical Technology, School of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, University Box 116, 541 24, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Maria Petala
- Department of Civil Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Zacharias
- Division of Chemical Technology, School of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, University Box 116, 541 24, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Avraam Konstantinidis
- Laboratory of Engineering Mechanics, School of Civil Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR, 541 24, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Xenophon Zabulis
- Institute of Computer Science, Foundation for Research and Technology, 711 10, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Polykarpos Karamaounas
- Institute of Computer Science, Foundation for Research and Technology, 711 10, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Margaritis Kostoglou
- Division of Chemical Technology, School of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, University Box 116, 541 24, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Thodoris D Karapantsios
- Division of Chemical Technology, School of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, University Box 116, 541 24, Thessaloniki, Greece.
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Li S, Liu D, Wang G, Ma P, Wang X, Wang J, Ma R. Vertical 3D Nanostructures Boost Efficient Hydrogen Production Coupled with Glycerol Oxidation Under Alkaline Conditions. Nanomicro Lett 2023; 15:189. [PMID: 37515627 PMCID: PMC10387032 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-023-01150-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen production from electrolytic water is an important sustainable technology to realize renewable energy conversion and carbon neutrality. However, it is limited by the high overpotential of oxygen evolution reaction (OER) at the anode. To reduce the operating voltage of electrolyzer, herein thermodynamically favorable glycerol oxidation reaction (GOR) is proposed to replace the OER. Moreover, vertical NiO flakes and NiMoNH nanopillars are developed to boost the reaction kinetics of anodic GOR and cathodic hydrogen evolution, respectively. Meanwhile, excluding the explosion risk of mixed H2/O2, a cheap organic membrane is used to replace the expensive anion exchange membrane in the electrolyzer. Impressively, the electrolyzer delivers a remarkable reduction of operation voltage by 280 mV, and exhibits good long-term stability. This work provides a new paradigm of hydrogen production with low cost and good feasibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanlin Li
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, People's Republic of China
- The State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, People's Republic of China
| | - Danmin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, People's Republic of China.
| | - Guowei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, People's Republic of China
| | - Peijie Ma
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, People's Republic of China
| | - Xunlu Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiacheng Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, People's Republic of China.
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Taizhou University, Taizhou, 318000, People's Republic of China.
- Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Inorganic Nonmetallic Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, North China University of Science and Technology, Tanshang, 063210, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ruguang Ma
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, 99 Xuefu Road, Suzhou, 215011, People's Republic of China.
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Radosevich AJ, Martin RL, Buck WR, Hicks L, Wilsey A, Pan JY. In-vitro modeling of intravenous drug precipitation by the optical spatial precipitation analyzer (OSPREY). Int J Pharm 2023; 636:122842. [PMID: 36925024 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.122842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
Abstract
Intravenous (IV) administration of poorly water-soluble small molecule therapeutics can lead to precipitation during mixing with blood. This can limit characterization of pharmacological and safety endpoints in preclinical models. Most often, tests of kinetic and thermodynamic solubility are used to optimize the formulation for solubility prior to infusion in animals, but these do not capture the dynamic precipitation processes that take place during in-vivo administration. To better capture the fluid dynamic processes that occur during IV administration, we developed the Optical Spatial PREcipitation analYzer (OSPREY) as a method to quantify the amount and size of compound precipitates in whole blood using a flow-through system that mimics IV administration. Here, we describe the OSPREY device and its underlying imaging processing methods. We then validate the ability to accurately segment particles according to their size using monodisperse suspensions of microspheres (diameter 50 to 425 µm). Next, we use a tool compound, ABT-737, to study the effects of compound concentration, vessel flow rate, compound infusion rate and vessel diameter on precipitation. Finally, we use the physiological diameter and flow rate of rat femoral vein and dog saphenous vein to demonstrate the potential of OSPREY to model in-vivo precipitation in a controlled, dynamic in-vitro assay.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ruth L Martin
- AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Rd., North Chicago, IL 60064, United States
| | - Wayne R Buck
- AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Rd., North Chicago, IL 60064, United States
| | - Lauren Hicks
- AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Rd., North Chicago, IL 60064, United States
| | - Amanda Wilsey
- AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Rd., North Chicago, IL 60064, United States
| | - Jeffrey Y Pan
- AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Rd., North Chicago, IL 60064, United States
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Li M, Wang T, Zhao W, Wang S, Zou Y. A Pair-Electrosynthesis for Formate at Ultra-Low Voltage Via Coupling of CO 2 Reduction and Formaldehyde Oxidation. Nanomicro Lett 2022; 14:211. [PMID: 36319899 PMCID: PMC9626726 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-022-00953-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Formate can be synthesized electrochemically by CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) or formaldehyde oxidation reaction (FOR). The CO2RR approach suffers from kinetic-sluggish oxygen evolution reaction at the anode. To this end, an electrochemical system combining cathodic CO2RR with anodic FOR was developed, which enables the formate electrosynthesis at ultra-low voltage. Cathodic CO2RR employing the BiOCl electrode in H-cell exhibited formate Faradaic efficiency (FE) higher than 90% within a wide potential range from - 0.48 to - 1.32 VRHE. In flow cell, the current density of 100 mA cm-2 was achieved at - 0.67 VRHE. The anodic FOR using the Cu2O electrode displayed a low onset potential of - 0.13 VRHE and nearly 100% formate and H2 selectivity from 0.05 to 0.35 VRHE. The CO2RR and FOR were constructed in a flow cell through membrane electrode assembly for the electrosynthesis of formate, where the CO2RR//FOR delivered an enhanced current density of 100 mA cm-2 at 0.86 V. This work provides a promising pair-electrosynthesis of value-added chemicals with high FE and low energy consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Tehua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Weixing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuangyin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqin Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China.
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jishou University, Jishou, 416000, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
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González-Recio O, Gutiérrez-Rivas M, Peiró-Pastor R, Aguilera-Sepúlveda P, Cano-Gómez C, Jiménez-Clavero MÁ, Fernández-Pinero J. Sequencing of SARS-CoV-2 genome using different nanopore chemistries. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:3225-3234. [PMID: 33792750 PMCID: PMC8014908 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11250-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Nanopore sequencing has emerged as a rapid and cost-efficient tool for diagnostic and epidemiological surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study compared the results from sequencing the SARS-CoV-2 genome using R9 vs R10 flow cells and a Rapid Barcoding Kit (RBK) vs a Ligation Sequencing Kit (LSK). The R9 chemistry provided a lower error rate (3.5%) than R10 chemistry (7%). The SARS-CoV-2 genome includes few homopolymeric regions. Longest homopolymers were composed of 7 (TTTTTTT) and 6 (AAAAAA) nucleotides. The R10 chemistry resulted in a lower rate of deletions in thymine and adenine homopolymeric regions than the R9, at the expenses of a larger rate (~10%) of mismatches in these regions. The LSK had a larger yield than the RBK, and provided longer reads than the RBK. It also resulted in a larger percentage of aligned reads (99 vs 93%) and also in a complete consensus genome. The results from this study suggest that the LSK preparation library provided longer DNA fragments which contributed to a better assembly of the SARS-CoV-2, despite an impaired detection of variants in a R10 flow cell. Nanopore sequencing could be used in epidemiological surveillance of SARS-CoV-2. Key points • Sequencing SARS-CoV-2 genome is of great importance for the pandemic surveillance. • Nanopore offers a low cost and accurate method to sequence SARS-CoV-2 genome. • Ligation sequencing is preferred rather than the rapid kit using transposases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar González-Recio
- Departamento de Mejora Genética Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, 28040, Madrid, Spain. .,Departamento de Producción Agraria, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Mónica Gutiérrez-Rivas
- Departamento de Mejora Genética Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ramón Peiró-Pastor
- Departamento de Mejora Genética Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Aguilera-Sepúlveda
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (INIA-CISA), Ctra. Algete a El Casar, s.n, 28130 Valdeolmos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Cano-Gómez
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (INIA-CISA), Ctra. Algete a El Casar, s.n, 28130 Valdeolmos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Jiménez-Clavero
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (INIA-CISA), Ctra. Algete a El Casar, s.n, 28130 Valdeolmos, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jovita Fernández-Pinero
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (INIA-CISA), Ctra. Algete a El Casar, s.n, 28130 Valdeolmos, Madrid, Spain
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Landreau M, Byson SJ, You H, Stahl DA, Winkler MKH. Effective nitrogen removal from ammonium-depleted wastewater by partial nitritation and anammox immobilized in granular and thin layer gel carriers. Water Res 2020; 183:116078. [PMID: 32623243 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the effect of physicochemical conditions on the partial nitritation and anammox treatment by immobilized ammonia oxidizers under ammonium-deplete conditions. The impact of oxygen and temperature was studied by measuring the activity of immobilized aerobic and anaerobic ammonia-oxidizing organisms (Ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and archaea (AOA), and Anammox bacteria) embedded in polyvinyl alcohol - sodium alginate (PVA-SA) beads and in thin layer poly-ethylene glycol hydrogels. Beads and flat hydrogels were incubated in a fluidized bed reactor (FBR) and in two flow cells, respectively. Both systems were fed with synthetic wastewater (15 mg N-NH4+/L) at different temperatures (20 °C and/or 30 °C) and different dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations (0.1, 0.3, 0.5 and/or 1 mg/L) over 152 and 207 days, respectively. The FBR system had a maximum removal rate of 1.7 g-N/m3/d at 0.1 mg O2/L, corresponding to 80% removal efficiency, while a high aerobic ammonia-oxidizing activity but a partial oxygen inhibition of Anammox bacteria were observed at higher DO concentrations. In both flow cells, nitrogen removal efficiency was highest (80%) at 30 °C and 1 mg O2/L while removal was less favorable at lower DO and lower temperature. Our results indicate a potential use of hydrogel beads for an energy efficient technology with reduced aeration demand for treating low ammonia wastewater, while layered hydrogels are a possible first step for biological treatments of wastewater using tangential flow. In addition, we provide blueprint drawings of the flow cells, which may be used to 3D-print the apparatus for other applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Landreau
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, 201 More Hall, Box 352700, Seattle, WA, 98195-2700, USA.
| | - Samuel J Byson
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, 201 More Hall, Box 352700, Seattle, WA, 98195-2700, USA
| | - HeeJun You
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, 201 More Hall, Box 352700, Seattle, WA, 98195-2700, USA
| | - David A Stahl
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, 201 More Hall, Box 352700, Seattle, WA, 98195-2700, USA
| | - Mari K H Winkler
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, 201 More Hall, Box 352700, Seattle, WA, 98195-2700, USA
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11
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Chapman NR, Jones SB, Bahal P, He T, Drake P, Zou Y, West NX. The ability of a potassium oxalate gel strip to occlude human dentine tubules; a Novel in vitro: In situ Study. J Dent 2020; 100:103437. [PMID: 32736082 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2020.103437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine if an oxalate strip reduced fluid flow in dentine samples and whether this reduction was maintained following a 14 day intra-oral period. METHODS Dentine tubule fluid flow was measured by a modified Pashley cell in 40 acid-etched dentine discs 1 mm thick, diameter >10 mm, with an acquired pellicle, pre-equilibrated with Hartmann's solution and conditioned by toothbrushing, pre and post treatment (10 min) with an oxalate (3.14 %) gel strip or no treatment. One control and one test sample were exposed in-situ for 14 days to the oral environment in 20 healthy adult volunteers, and fluid flow re-measured. The appliance containing the two samples was removed for brushing with water after mealtimes when the participant brushed their teeth and for a 2 min daily soak in chlorhexidine. RESULTS Fluid flow rate was reduced significantly immediately following treatment with the oxalate strip compared to baseline flow rate by 58 %. Following 14 days in-situ oral environment phase, a significant further reduction in fluid flow compared to baseline was identified in both control and oxalate strip treated samples, both (p < 0.0001), but the reduction was greater in the test samples, 94 % vs 87 %, p < 0.01. CONCLUSIONS This novel investigation is the first to show fluid flow measurement using the Pashley model in dentine samples that have been housed in the mouth for 14 days. Treatment with an oxalate strip designed for dentine hypersensitivity alleviation reduced dentine fluid flow more than control providing evidence that the oxalate treatment withstood the oral environment over a prolonged time. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE This study demonstrated the efficacy and durability of the oxalate precipitate over a 14 day period in achieving and maintaining dentine tubule occlusion when participants had no dietary restrictions. This demonstrates the suitability of the oxalate strip for the treatment of patients suffering from dentine hypersensitivity pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas R Chapman
- Clinical Trials Unit, Bristol Dental Hospital, Lower Maudlin Street, Bristol, BS1 2LY, United Kingdom.
| | - Siân Bodfel Jones
- Clinical Trials Unit, Bristol Dental Hospital, Lower Maudlin Street, Bristol, BS1 2LY, United Kingdom.
| | - Priya Bahal
- Clinical Trials Unit, Bristol Dental Hospital, Lower Maudlin Street, Bristol, BS1 2LY, United Kingdom.
| | - Tao He
- Procter & Gamble, Mason, Ohio, USA.
| | | | | | - Nicola X West
- Clinical Trials Unit, Bristol Dental Hospital, Lower Maudlin Street, Bristol, BS1 2LY, United Kingdom.
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12
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Abstract
Biofilms are colonies of bacteria attached to surfaces. They play a critical role in many engineering and medical applications. Scientists study biofilm growth in flow cells but often have limited direct knowledge of the environmental conditions in the apparatus. Using fully resolved, numerical simulations to estimate conditions within a flow cell is computationally expensive. In this paper, we use asymptotic analysis to create a simulation of a biofilm system that has one growth-limiting substrate, and we show that this method runs quickly while maintaining similar accuracy to prior models. These equations can provide a better understanding of the environmental conditions in experiments and can establish the boundary conditions for further smaller-scale numerical simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah Ford
- Engineering Sciences and Applied Mathematics, Northwestern University, Technological Institute, 2145 Sheridan Rd., Evanston, IL, 60208-3125, USA.
| | - David Chopp
- Engineering Sciences and Applied Mathematics, Northwestern University, Technological Institute, 2145 Sheridan Rd., Evanston, IL, 60208-3125, USA
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13
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Friebel A, Specht T, von Harbou E, Münnemann K, Hasse H. Prediction of flow effects in quantitative NMR measurements. J Magn Reson 2020; 312:106683. [PMID: 32014660 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2020.106683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A method for the prediction of the magnetization in flow NMR experiments is presented, which can be applied to mixtures. It enables a quantitative evaluation of NMR spectra of flowing liquid samples even in cases in which the magnetization is limited by the flow. A transport model of the nuclei's magnetization, which is based on the Bloch-equations, is introduced into a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code. This code predicts the velocity field and relative magnetization of different nuclei for any chosen flow cell geometry, fluid and flow rate. The prediction of relative magnetization is used to correct the observed reduction of signal intensity caused by incomplete premagnetization in fast flowing liquids. By means of the model, quantitative NMR measurements at high flow rates are possible. The method is predictive and enables calculating correction factors for any flow cell design and operating condition based on simple static T1 time measurements. This makes time-consuming calibration measurements for assessing the influence of flow effects obsolete, which otherwise would have to be carried out for each studied condition. The new method is especially interesting for flow measurements with compact medium field NMR spectrometers, which have small premagnetization volumes. In the present work, experiments with three different flow cells in a medium field NMR spectrometer were carried out. Acetonitrile, water, and mixtures of these components were used as model fluids. The experimental results for the magnetization were compared to the predictions from the CFD model and good agreement was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Friebel
- Laboratory of Engineering Thermodynamics (LTD), University of Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Thomas Specht
- Laboratory of Engineering Thermodynamics (LTD), University of Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Erik von Harbou
- Laboratory of Engineering Thermodynamics (LTD), University of Kaiserslautern, Germany.
| | - Kerstin Münnemann
- Laboratory of Engineering Thermodynamics (LTD), University of Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Hans Hasse
- Laboratory of Engineering Thermodynamics (LTD), University of Kaiserslautern, Germany
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14
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Delong LM, Li Y, Lim GN, Wairegi SG, Ross AE. A microfluidic electrochemical flow cell capable of rapid on-chip dilution for fast-scan cyclic voltammetry electrode calibration. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 412:6287-94. [PMID: 32064570 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-02493-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Here, we developed a microfluidic electrochemical flow cell for fast-scan cyclic voltammetry which is capable of rapid on-chip dilution for efficient and cost-effective electrode calibration. Fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) at carbon-fiber microelectrodes is a robust electroanalytical technique used to measure subsecond changes in neurotransmitter concentration over time. Traditional methods of electrode calibration for FSCV require several milliliters of a standard. Additionally, generating calibration curves can be time-consuming because separate solutions must be prepared for each concentration. Microfluidic electrochemical flow cells have been developed in the past; however, they often require incorporating the electrode in the device, making it difficult to remove for testing in biological tissues. Likewise, current microfluidic electrochemical flow cells are not capable of rapid on-chip dilution to eliminate the requirement of making multiple solutions. We designed a T-channel device, with microchannel dimensions of 100 μm × 50 μm, that delivered a standard to a 2-mm-diameter open electrode sampling well. A waste channel with the same dimensions was designed perpendicular to the well to flush and remove the standard. The dimensions of the T-microchannels and flow rates were chosen to facilitate complete mixing in the delivery channel prior to reaching the electrode. The degree of mixing was computationally modeled using COMSOL and was quantitatively assessed in the device using both colored dyes and electrochemical detection. On-chip electrode calibration for dopamine with FSCV was not significantly different than the traditional calibration method demonstrating its utility for FSCV calibration. Overall, this device improves the efficiency and ease of electrode calibration. Graphical abstract.
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15
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Abstract
Magnetic tweezers (MT) provide a powerful single-molecule approach to study the mechanism of topoisomerases, giving the experimenter the ability to change and read out DNA topology in real time. By using diverse DNA substrates, one can study different aspects of topoisomerase function and arrive at a better mechanistic understanding of these fascinating enzymes. Here we describe methods for the creation of three different DNA substrates used in MT experiments with topoisomerases: double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) tethers, "braided" (intertwined or catenated) DNA tether pairs, and dsDNA tethers with single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) regions. Additionally, we discuss how to build flow cells for bright-field MT microscopy, as well as how to noncovalently attach anti-digoxigenin to the coverslip surface for tethering digoxigenin-labeled DNAs. Finally, we describe procedures for the identification of a suitable DNA substrate for MT study and data collection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn H Gunn
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - John F Marko
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Alfonso Mondragón
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, 2205 Tech Drive, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.
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16
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Jawale RH, Gogate PR. Combined treatment approaches based on ultrasound for removal of triazophos from wastewater. Ultrason Sonochem 2018; 40:89-96. [PMID: 28237270 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2017.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides have been the major contributors to the growth of agricultural productivity, but the wide spread use in the fields and discharge from the manufacturing industries have also contributed to environmental concerns. In the present work, degradation of triazophos (O,O-diethyl-O-(1-phenyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl) phosphorothioate) as a model pollutant has been investigated using high volume continuous ultrasonic flow cell for the first time. Effect of power dissipation and initial pH on the extent of triazophos degradation using acoustic cavitation has been investigated initially. Under the optimized set of operating power dissipation and pH, effect of addition of hydrogen peroxide (ratio of C12H16N3O3PS (Triazophos):H2O2 over the range of 1:1-1:5), ozone (over the flow rate of 100-400mg/h) and Fenton's reagent (C12H16N3O3PS:FeSO4:H2O2 ratio over the range of 1:1:1-1:4:4) has been investigated as possible process intensification strategy. Combined operation of US with H2O2 and Ozone resulted in 48.6% and 54.6% triazophos degradation respectively whereas combination of US and Fenton's reagent resulted in maximum degradation as 92.2% and also resulted in maximum COD removal as 88.5%. The study also focused on identification of intermediate products formed during the degradation as well as establishing the kinetic rate constants and the synergistic index for different approaches. The study has established that cavitation can be effectively used for triazophos degradation with significant intensification benefits based on the use of combination approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajashree H Jawale
- Chemical Engineering Department, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai 40019, India
| | - Parag R Gogate
- Chemical Engineering Department, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai 40019, India.
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17
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Schlegel C, Chodorski J, Huster M, Davoudi N, Huttenlochner K, Bohley M, Reichenbach I, Buhl S, Breuninger P, Müller-Renno C, Ziegler C, Aurich J, Antonyuk S, Ulber R. Analyzing the influence of microstructured surfaces on the lactic acid production of Lactobacillus delbrueckii lactis in a flow-through cell system. Eng Life Sci 2017; 17:865-873. [PMID: 32624834 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201700045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms growing in biofilms might be possible biocatalysts for future biotechnological production processes. Attached to a surface and embedded in an extracellular polymeric matrix, they create their preferred environment and form robust cultures for continuous systems. With the objective of implementing highly efficient processes, productive biofilms need to be understood comprehensively. In this study, the influence of microstructured metallic surfaces on biofilm productivity was researched. To conduct this study, titanium and stainless steel sheets were polished, micromilled, as well as coated with particles. Subsequently, the metal sheets were exposed to the lactic acid producing Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. lactis under laminar and homogeneous flow conditions in a custom-built flow cell. A proof-of-concept showed that biofilm formation in the system only occurred on the designated substratum. Following a 24-h batch cultivation for primary biofilm development, the culture was continuously provided with glucose containing medium. As different experimental series have indicated, the process resulted to be stable for up to eleven days. Primary metabolite productivity averaged around 6-7 g/(L h). Interestingly, the productivity was shown to be affected neither by the type of metal, nor by the applied microstructures. Nevertheless, a higher dry biomass weight determined on micro-milled substratum indicates a complementary differentiation of biofilm components in future experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christin Schlegel
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering University of Kaiserslautern Kaiserslautern Germany
| | - Jonas Chodorski
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering University of Kaiserslautern Kaiserslautern Germany
| | - Manuel Huster
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering University of Kaiserslautern Kaiserslautern Germany
| | - Neda Davoudi
- Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS University of Kaiserslautern Kaiserslautern Germany
| | - Katharina Huttenlochner
- Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS University of Kaiserslautern Kaiserslautern Germany
| | - Martin Bohley
- Institute for Manufacturing Technology and Production Systems University of Kaiserslautern Kaiserslautern Germany
| | - Ingo Reichenbach
- Institute for Manufacturing Technology and Production Systems University of Kaiserslautern Kaiserslautern Germany
| | - Sebastian Buhl
- Chair of Particle Process Engineering University of Kaiserslautern Kaiserslautern Germany
| | - Paul Breuninger
- Chair of Particle Process Engineering University of Kaiserslautern Kaiserslautern Germany
| | - Christine Müller-Renno
- Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS University of Kaiserslautern Kaiserslautern Germany
| | - Christiane Ziegler
- Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS University of Kaiserslautern Kaiserslautern Germany
| | - Jan Aurich
- Institute for Manufacturing Technology and Production Systems University of Kaiserslautern Kaiserslautern Germany
| | - Sergiy Antonyuk
- Chair of Particle Process Engineering University of Kaiserslautern Kaiserslautern Germany
| | - Roland Ulber
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering University of Kaiserslautern Kaiserslautern Germany
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18
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Merrifield GD, Mullin J, Gallagher L, Tucker C, Jansen MA, Denvir M, Holmes WM. Rapid and recoverable in vivo magnetic resonance imaging of the adult zebrafish at 7T. Magn Reson Imaging 2017; 37:9-15. [PMID: 27751860 PMCID: PMC5344283 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2016.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Increasing scientific interest in the zebrafish as a model organism across a range of biomedical and biological research areas raises the need for the development of in vivo imaging tools appropriate to this subject. Development of the embryonic and early stage forms of the subject can currently be assessed using optical based techniques due to the transparent nature of the species at these early stages. However this is not an option during the juvenile and adult stages when the subjects become opaque. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques would allow for the longitudinal and non-invasive assessment of development and health in these later life stages. However, the small size of the zebrafish and its aquatic environment represent considerable challenges for the technique. We have developed a suitable flow cell system that incorporates a dedicated MRI imaging coil to solve these challenges. The system maintains and monitors a zebrafish during a scan and allows for it to be fully recovered. The imaging properties of this system compare well with those of other preclinical MRI coils used in rodent models. This enables the rapid acquisition of MRI data which are comparable in terms of quality and acquisition time. This would allow the many unique opportunities of the zebrafish as a model organism to be combined with the benefits of non-invasive MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin D Merrifield
- Glasgow Experimental MRI Centre, Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - James Mullin
- Glasgow Experimental MRI Centre, Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - Lindsay Gallagher
- Glasgow Experimental MRI Centre, Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - Carl Tucker
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - Maurits A Jansen
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - Martin Denvir
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - William M Holmes
- Glasgow Experimental MRI Centre, Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, UK.
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19
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Pham TT, Wiedemeier S, Maenz S, Gastrock G, Settmacher U, Jandt KD, Zanow J, Lüdecke C, Bossert J. Hemodynamic aspects of reduced platelet adhesion on bioinspired microstructured surfaces. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2016; 145:502-509. [PMID: 27239904 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2016.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Occlusion by thrombosis due to the absence of the endothelial cell layer is one of the most frequent causes of failure of artificial vascular grafts. Bioinspired surface structures may have a potential to reduce the adhesion of platelets contributing to hemostasis. The aim of this study was to investigate the hemodynamic aspects of platelet adhesion, the main cause of thrombosis, on bioinspired microstructured surfaces mimicking the endothelial cell morphology. We tested the hypothesis that platelet adhesion is statistically significantly reduced on bioinspired microstructured surfaces compared to unstructured surfaces. Platelet adhesion as a function of the microstructure dimensions was investigated under flow conditions on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) surfaces by a combined experimental and theoretical approach. Platelet adhesion was statistically significantly reduced (by up to 78%; p≤0.05) on the microstructured PDMS surfaces compared to that on the unstructured control surface. Finite element method (FEM) simulations of blood flow dynamic revealed a micro shear gradient on the microstructure surfaces which plays a pivotal role in reducing platelet adhesion. On the surfaces with the highest differences of the shear stress between the top of the microstructures and the ground areas, platelet adhesion was reduced most. In addition, the microstructures help to reduce the interaction strength between fluid and surfaces, resulting in a larger water contact angle but no higher resistance to flow compared to the unstructured surface. These findings provide new insight into the fundamental mechanisms of reducing platelet adhesion on microstructured bioinspired surfaces and may lay the basis for the development of innovative next generation artificial vascular grafts with reduced risk of thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tam Thanh Pham
- Chair of Materials Science, Otto Schott Institute of Materials Research (OSIM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Löbdergraben 32, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Stefan Wiedemeier
- Institute for Bioprocessing and Analytical Measurement Techniques, Rosenhof 1, D-37308 Heilbad Heiligenstadt, Germany
| | - Stefan Maenz
- Chair of Materials Science, Otto Schott Institute of Materials Research (OSIM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Löbdergraben 32, D-07743 Jena, Germany; Jena School for Microbial Communication (JSMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Neugasse 23, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Gunter Gastrock
- Institute for Bioprocessing and Analytical Measurement Techniques, Rosenhof 1, D-37308 Heilbad Heiligenstadt, Germany
| | - Utz Settmacher
- Department of General, Visceral and Vascular Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Erlanger Allee 101, D-07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Klaus D Jandt
- Chair of Materials Science, Otto Schott Institute of Materials Research (OSIM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Löbdergraben 32, D-07743 Jena, Germany; Jena Center for Soft Matter, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldstr. 10, D-07743 Jena, Germany; Jena School for Microbial Communication (JSMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Neugasse 23, D-07743 Jena, Germany.
| | - Jürgen Zanow
- Department of General, Visceral and Vascular Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Erlanger Allee 101, D-07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Claudia Lüdecke
- Chair of Materials Science, Otto Schott Institute of Materials Research (OSIM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Löbdergraben 32, D-07743 Jena, Germany; Jena School for Microbial Communication (JSMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Neugasse 23, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Jörg Bossert
- Chair of Materials Science, Otto Schott Institute of Materials Research (OSIM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Löbdergraben 32, D-07743 Jena, Germany; Jena School for Microbial Communication (JSMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Neugasse 23, D-07743 Jena, Germany
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20
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Tesfalidet S, Geladi P, Shimizu K, Lindholm-Sethson B. Detection of methotrexate in a flow system using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and multivariate data analysis. Anal Chim Acta 2016; 914:1-6. [PMID: 26965322 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2016.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Revised: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Methotrexate (MTX), a common pharmaceutical drug in cancer therapy and treatment of rheumatic diseases, is known to cause severe adverse side effects at high dose. As the side effect may be life threatening, there is an urgent need for a continuous, bed-side monitoring of the nominal MTX serum level in a patient while the chemical is being administered. This article describes a detection of MTX using a flow system that consists two modified gold electrodes. Interaction of MTX with the antibodies fixed on the electrode surface is detected by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and evaluated using singular value decomposition (SVD). The key finding of this work is that the change in the electrode capacitance is found to be quantitative with respect to the concentration of MTX. Moreover a calibration curve constructed using the principal component regression method has a linear range of six orders of magnitude and a detection limit of 1.65 × 10(-10) M.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul Geladi
- Corpus Data & Image Analysis AB, Rålambsvägen 66 B, Suit 1408, SE 112 56 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kenichi Shimizu
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, SE 90187 Umeå, Sweden; Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Oxford University, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
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21
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Smith-Palmer T, Lin S, Oguejiofor I, Leng T, Pustam A, Yang J, Graham LL, Wyeth RC, Bishop CD, DeMont ME, Pink D. In Situ Confocal Raman Microscopy of Hydrated Early Stages of Bacterial Biofilm Formation on Various Surfaces in a Flow Cell. Appl Spectrosc 2016; 70:289-301. [PMID: 26903564 DOI: 10.1177/0003702815620539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial biofilms are precursors to biofouling by other microorganisms. Understanding their initiation may allow us to design better ways to inhibit them, and thus to inhibit subsequent biofouling. In this study, the ability of confocal Raman microscopy to follow the initiation of biofouling by a marine bacterium, Pseudoalteromonas sp. NCIMB 2021 (NCIMB 2021), in a flow cell, using optical and confocal Raman microscopy, was investigated. The base of the flow cell comprised a cover glass. The cell was inoculated and the bacteria attached to, and grew on, the cover glass. Bright field images and Raman spectra were collected directly from the hydrated biofilms over several days. Although macroscopically the laser had no effect on the biofilm, within the first 24 h cells migrated away from the position of the laser beam. In the absence of flow, a buildup of extracellular substances occurred at the base of the biofilm. When different coatings were applied to cover glasses before they were assembled into the flow cells, the growth rate, structure, and composition of the resulting biofilm was affected. In particular, the ratio of Resonance Raman peaks from cytochrome c (CC) in the extracellular polymeric substances, to the Raman phenylalanine (Phe) peak from protein in the bacteria, depended on both the nature of the surface and the age of the biofilm. The ratios were highest for 24 h colonies on a hydrophobic surface. Absorption of a surfactant with an ethyleneoxy chain into the hydrophobic coating created a surface similar to that given with a simple PEG coating, where bacteria grew in colonies away from the surface rather than along the surface, and CC:Phe ratios were initially low but increased at least fivefold in the first 48 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Truis Smith-Palmer
- Department of Chemistry, St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Sicheng Lin
- Department of Chemistry, St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Ikenna Oguejiofor
- Department of Chemistry, St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Tianyang Leng
- Department of Chemistry, St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Amanda Pustam
- Department of Chemistry, St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Jin Yang
- Department of Chemistry, St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Lori L Graham
- Department of Biology, St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Russell C Wyeth
- Department of Biology, St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Cory D Bishop
- Department of Biology, St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - M Edwin DeMont
- Department of Biology, St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - David Pink
- Department of Physics, St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, Nova Scotia, Canada
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Snel GGM, Malvisi M, Pilla R, Piccinini R. Evaluation of biofilm formation using milk in a flow cell model and microarray characterization of Staphylococcus aureus strains from bovine mastitis. Vet Microbiol 2014; 174:489-95. [PMID: 25448449 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2014.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Revised: 08/30/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
It was hypothesized that biofilm could play an important role in the establishment of chronic Staphylococcus aureus bovine mastitis. The in vitro evaluation of biofilm formation can be performed either in closed/static or in flow-based systems. Efforts have been made to characterize the biofilm-forming ability of S. aureus mastitis isolates, however most authors used static systems and matrices other than UHT milk. It is not clear whether such results could be extrapolated to the mammary gland environment. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the biofilm-forming ability of S. aureus strains from subclinical bovine mastitis using the static method and a flow-based one. One hundred and twelve strains were tested by the classic tissue culture plate assay (TCP) and 30 out of them were also tested by a dynamic semi-quantitative assay using commercial UHT milk as culture medium (Milk Flow Culture, MFC) or Tryptic Soy Broth as control medium (TS Flow Culture, TSFC). Only 6 (20%) strains formed biofilm in milk under flow conditions, while 36.6% were considered biofilm-producers in TCP, and 93.3% produced biofilm in TSFC. No agreement was found between TCP, MFC and TSFC results. The association between strain genetic profile, determined by microarray, and biofilm-forming ability in milk was evaluated. Biofilm formation in MFC was significantly associated with the presence of those genes commonly found in bovine-associated strains, assigned to clonal complexes typically detected in mastitis. Based on our results, biofilm-forming potential of bovine strains should be critically analysed and tested applying conditions similar to mammary environment.
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Seper A, Pressler K, Kariisa A, Haid AG, Roier S, Leitner DR, Reidl J, Tamayo R, Schild S. Identification of genes induced in Vibrio cholerae in a dynamic biofilm system. Int J Med Microbiol 2014; 304:749-63. [PMID: 24962154 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2014.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Revised: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The facultative human pathogen Vibrio cholerae, the causative agent of the severe secretory diarrheal disease cholera, persists in its aquatic reservoirs in biofilms during interepidemic periods. Biofilm is a likely form in which clinically relevant V. cholerae is taken up by humans, providing an infective dose. Thus, a better understanding of biofilm formation of V. cholerae is relevant for the ecology and epidemiology of cholera as well as a target to control the disease. Most previous studies have investigated static biofilms of V. cholerae and elucidated structural prerequisites like flagella, pili and a biofilm matrix including extracellular DNA, numerous matrix proteins and exopolysaccharide, as well as the involvement of regulatory pathways like two-component systems, quorum sensing and c-di-GMP signaling. However, aquatic environments are more likely to reflect an open, dynamic system. Hence, we used a biofilm system with constant medium flow and a temporal controlled reporter-system of transcription to identify genes induced during dynamic biofilm formation. We identified genes known or predicted to be involved in c-di-GMP signaling, motility and chemotaxis, metabolism, and transport. Subsequent phenotypic characterization of mutants with independent mutations in candidate dynamic biofilm-induced genes revealed novel insights into the physiology of static and dynamic biofilm conditions. The results of this study also reinforce the hypotheses that distinct differences in regulatory mechanisms governing biofilm development are present under dynamic conditions compared to static conditions.
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Seliman AF, Helariutta K, Wiktorowicz SJ, Tenhu H, Harjula R. Stable and selective scintillating anion-exchange sensors for quantification of 99TcO4- in natural freshwaters. J Environ Radioact 2013; 126:156-164. [PMID: 24012764 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2013.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Revised: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
New dual functionality scintillating anion-exchange resins were developed for selective determination of (99)TcO4(-) in various natural freshwater samples. Stable scintillating particles were formed by preparing the vinyl monomer 2-[4-(4'-vinylbiphenylyl)]-5-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole (vPBD), starting with the commercial organic flour TBut-PBD and its subsequent copolymerization with styrene, divinylbenzene, and p-chloromethylstyrene mixture. To integrate the radiochemical separation and radiometric detection steps within the same bead, the chloromethyl groups of the scintillating resins were subjected to amination reactions with dioctylamine (DOA) and trioctylamine (TOA). On-line quantification of (99)TcO4(-) was achieved by packing the scintillating anion-exchange resin into Teflon tubing for quantification by a flow scintillation analyzer (FSA). The two functionalized resins were selective for pertechnetate over the common anions in natural freshwaters, especially Cl(-) and SO4(2-) with up to 1000 ppm and with up to 10 ppm I(-) and Cr2O7(2-). The uptake efficiency of the TOA sensor decreased from 97.88% to 85.08% in well water and river water, respectively, while the counting efficiency was almost constant (69.50%). The DOA performance showed lower efficiency in the two water types relative to TOA. On the other hand, the DOA sensor could be regenerated by 5 M HNO3 for reuse at least four times without losing its chemical or optical performance. The detection limit was 1.45 Bq which could be achieved by loading 45 mL from well and tap water containing the maximum contaminant level (MCL) of (99)Tc (33 Bq/L).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman F Seliman
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Environmental Control, Atomic Energy Authority, Egypt.
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