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Xu Y, Bao X, Chen L, Zhuang T, Xu Y, Feng L. Enhanced productivity and stability of PRV in recombinant ST-Tret1 cells. Biologicals 2023; 83:101692. [PMID: 37442044 DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2023.101692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Productivity and stability of Pseudorabies virus (PRV) are critical for the manufacture and storage of live attenuated pseudorabies vaccine. Trehalose is commonly used as a cryoprotectant to stabilize organisms during freezing and lyophilization. Trehalose transporter 1 (Tret1), derived from Polypedilum vanderplanki, can deliver trehalose with a reversible transporting direction. In this study, we demonstrated that productivity and stability of PRV proliferated in recombinant ST cells with stable expression of Tret1 were enhanced. As a result, a five-fold increase of intracellular trehalose amount was observed, and the significant increase of progeny viral titer was achieved in recombinant cells with the addition of 20 mM trehalose. Particularly, after storage for 8 weeks at 20 °C, the loss of viral titer was 0.8 and 1.7 lgTCID50/mL lower than the control group with or without the addition of trehalose. Additionally, the freeze-thaw resistance at -20 °C and -70 °C of PRV was significantly enhanced. Furthermore, according to standard international protocols, a series of tests, including karyotype analysis, tumorigenicity, and the ability of proliferation PRV, were conducted. Our results demonstrated that the recombinant ST cell with Tret1 is a promising cell substrate and has a high potential for producing more stable PRV for the live attenuated vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Xu
- Institute of Veterinary Immunology & Engineering, National Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Veterinary Biologicals, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China; Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xi Bao
- Institute of Veterinary Immunology & Engineering, National Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Veterinary Biologicals, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Chen
- Institute of Veterinary Immunology & Engineering, National Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Veterinary Biologicals, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tenghan Zhuang
- Institute of Veterinary Immunology & Engineering, National Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Veterinary Biologicals, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yang Xu
- Shanghai Pharmaceutical School, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Feng
- Institute of Veterinary Immunology & Engineering, National Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Veterinary Biologicals, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China; Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China.
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Abstract
Genome size of alpine plants is not related to their resistance against frost and heat. Genome size is a variable trait in angiosperms, and it was suggested that large genome size represents a constraint in stressful environments. We measured genome size and resistance to frost and heat in 89 species of plants from tropical and temperate alpine habitats. Genome size of the species, ranging from 0.49 pg to 25.8 pg across the entire dataset, was not related to either frost or heat resistance in either group of plants. Genome size does not predict resistance to extreme temperatures in alpine plants and is thus not likely to predict plant responses to climate changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Sklenář
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Benátská 2, 128 01, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Jan Ptáček
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Benátská 2, 128 01, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Adam Klimeš
- Department of Experimental and Functional Morphology, Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dukelská 135, 37901, Třeboň, Czech Republic
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Bergen, Thormøhlens gate 53, 5020, Bergen, Norway
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Horiuchi R, Arakawa K, Kasuga J, Suzuki T, Jitsuyama Y. Freezing resistance and behavior of winter buds and canes of wine grapes cultivated in northern Japan. Cryobiology 2021; 101:44-51. [PMID: 34144014 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2021.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In high-latitude regions, the cold hardiness of buds and canes of grapevine is important for budburst time and yield in the next season. The freezing resistance of buds and canes sampled from six wine grapes currently cultivated in Hokkaido, Japan, all of them grown from autumn to winter, was investigated. A significant difference between the cultivars in their freezing resistance was detected in the buds harvested in winter. In addition, outstanding differences in the lower temperature exotherms (LTE) related to the supercooling ability of tissue cells happened in the winter buds, and there is a close relationship between freezing resistance and LTE detected in the winter buds. This suggests that the supercooling ability of tissue cells in winter buds is strongly related to the freezing resistance. However, detailed electron microscopy exposed that the differences in freezing resistance among cultivars appeared in freezing behavior of leaf primordium rather than apical meristem. This indicated that as the water mobility from the bud apical meristem to the spaces around the cane phloem progressed, the slightly dehydrated cells improved the supercooling ability and increased the freezing resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reiko Horiuchi
- Research Faculty and Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8589, Japan
| | - Keita Arakawa
- Research Faculty and Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8589, Japan
| | - Jun Kasuga
- Obihiro University of Agricultural and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido, 080-8555, Japan
| | - Takashi Suzuki
- Research Faculty and Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8589, Japan
| | - Yutaka Jitsuyama
- Research Faculty and Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8589, Japan.
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Villouta C, Cox BL, Rauch B, Workmaster BAA, Eliceiri KW, Atucha A. A device for the controlled cooling and freezing of excised plant specimens during magnetic resonance imaging. Plant Methods 2021; 17:41. [PMID: 33849587 PMCID: PMC8045372 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-021-00743-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Investigating plant mechanisms to tolerate freezing temperatures is critical to developing crops with superior cold hardiness. However, the lack of imaging methods that allow the visualization of freezing events in complex plant tissues remains a key limitation. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been successfully used to study many different plant models, including the study of in vivo changes during freezing. However, despite its benefits and past successes, the use of MRI in plant sciences remains low, likely due to limited access, high costs, and associated engineering challenges, such as keeping samples frozen for cold hardiness studies. To address this latter need, a novel device for keeping plant specimens at freezing temperatures during MRI is described. RESULTS The device consists of commercial and custom parts. All custom parts were 3D printed and made available as open source to increase accessibility to research groups who wish to reproduce or iterate on this work. Calibration tests documented that, upon temperature equilibration for a given experimental temperature, conditions between the circulating coolant bath and inside the device seated within the bore of the magnet varied by less than 0.1 °C. The device was tested on plant material by imaging buds from Vaccinium macrocarpon in a small animal MRI system, at four temperatures, 20 °C, - 7 °C, - 14 °C, and - 21 °C. Results were compared to those obtained by independent controlled freezing test (CFT) evaluations. Non-damaging freezing events in inner bud structures were detected from the imaging data collected using this device, phenomena that are undetectable using CFT. CONCLUSIONS The use of this novel cooling and freezing device in conjunction with MRI facilitated the detection of freezing events in intact plant tissues through the observation of the presence and absence of water in liquid state. The device represents an important addition to plant imaging tools currently available to researchers. Furthermore, its open-source and customizable design ensures that it will be accessible to a wide range of researchers and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilo Villouta
- Department of Horticulture, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1575 Linden Dr., Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Benjamin L Cox
- Medical Engineering Group, Morgridge Institute for Research, 330 N Orchard St, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
- Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation (LOCI), University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1675 Observatory Dr., Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Beth Rauch
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Ave., Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Beth Ann A Workmaster
- Department of Horticulture, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1575 Linden Dr., Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Kevin W Eliceiri
- Medical Engineering Group, Morgridge Institute for Research, 330 N Orchard St, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
- Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation (LOCI), University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1675 Observatory Dr., Madison, WI, 53706, USA
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Ave., Madison, WI, 53705, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1415 Engineering Dr., Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Amaya Atucha
- Department of Horticulture, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1575 Linden Dr., Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
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Kasuga J, Tsumura Y, Kondoh D, Jitsuyama Y, Horiuchi R, Arakawa K. Cryo-scanning electron microscopy reveals that supercooling of overwintering buds of freezing-resistant interspecific hybrid grape 'Yamasachi' is accompanied by partial dehydration. J Plant Physiol 2020; 253:153248. [PMID: 32862035 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2020.153248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Dormant compound buds of grapevines adapt to subfreezing temperatures through a freezing avoidance mechanism. One still-unclear question, however, is whether supercooled water in primordial cells of dormant grape buds are partially dehydrated under subfreezing temperatures. In this study, we used differential thermal analysis (DTA) and cryo-scanning electron microscopy (cryo-SEM) to look for partial dehydration of primordial cells of the freezing-resistant interspecific hybrid cultivar 'Yamasachi'. According to DTA, the freezing temperature of supercooled water in primary buds was not significantly affected by cooling rates between 2 and 5 °C/h; however, maintaining the bud temperature at -15 °C for 12 h followed by cooling at a rate of 5 °C/h depressed the freezing temperature. As revealed by cryo-SEM observation, many wrinkles were present on inner surfaces of walls and outer surfaces of plasma membranes of leaf primordial cells in dormant buds frozen to -15 °C. These results suggest the existence of partial dehydration in dormant-bud primordial cells under subfreezing temperatures. The apparent absence of extracellular ice crystals in bud primordial tissues under subfreezing temperatures suggests that Yamasachi dormant buds adapt to subfreezing temperatures by extraorgan freezing. When we coated primary buds with silicone oil to inhibit freeze dehydration of primordial cells, the freezing temperature of buds was slightly but significantly increased. This result suggests that the partial dehydration of cells promotes bud supercooling capability and has an important role in the freezing adaptation mechanism of grapevines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Kasuga
- Obihiro University of Agricultural and Veterinary Medicine, Nishi 2-11, Inada-cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-0834, Japan.
| | - Yusuke Tsumura
- Obihiro University of Agricultural and Veterinary Medicine, Nishi 2-11, Inada-cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-0834, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kondoh
- Obihiro University of Agricultural and Veterinary Medicine, Nishi 2-11, Inada-cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-0834, Japan
| | - Yukata Jitsuyama
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, N9E9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan
| | - Reiko Horiuchi
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, N9E9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan
| | - Keita Arakawa
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, N9E9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan
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Stegner M, Wagner J, Neuner G. Ice accommodation in plant tissues pinpointed by cryo-microscopy in reflected-polarised-light. Plant Methods 2020; 16:73. [PMID: 32477423 PMCID: PMC7240938 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-020-00617-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Freezing resistant plant organs are capable to manage ice formation, ice propagation, and ice accommodation down to variable temperature limits without damage. Insights in ice management strategies are essential for the fundamental understanding of plant freezing and frost survival. However, knowledge about ice management is scarce. Ice crystal localisation inside plant tissues is challenging and is mainly based on optical appearance of ice in terms of colour and shape, investigated by microscopic methods. Notwithstanding, there are major uncertainties regarding the reliability and accuracy of ice identification and localisation. Surface light reflections, which can originate from water or resin, even at non-freezing temperatures, can have a similar appearance as ice. We applied the principle of birefringence, which is a property of ice but not of liquid water, in reflected-light microscopy to localise ice crystals in frozen plant tissues in an unambiguous manner. RESULTS In reflected-light microscopy, water was clearly visible, while ice was more difficult to identify. With the presented polarised cryo-microscopic system, water, including surface light reflections, became invisible, whereas ice crystals showed a bright and shiny appearance. Based on this, we were able to detect loci where ice crystals are accommodated in frozen and viable plant tissues. In Buxus sempervirens leaves, large ice needles occupied and expanded the space between the adaxial and abaxial leaf tissues. In Galanthus nivalis leaves, air-filled cavities became filled up with ice. Buds of Picea abies managed ice in a cavity at the bud basis and between bud scales. By observing the shape and attachment point of the ice crystals, it was possible to identify tissue fractions that segregate intracellular water towards the aggregating ice crystals. CONCLUSION Cryo-microscopy in reflected-polarised-light allowed a robust identification of ice crystals in frozen plant tissue. It distinguishes itself, compared with other methods, by its ease of ice identification, time and cost efficiency and the possibility for high throughput. Profound knowledge about ice management strategies, within the whole range of freezing resistance capacities in the plant kingdom, might be the link to applied science for creating arrangements to avoid future frost damage to crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Stegner
- Department of Botany, Unit Functional Plant Biology, University of Innsbruck, Sternwartestrasse 15, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Johanna Wagner
- Department of Botany, Unit Functional Plant Biology, University of Innsbruck, Sternwartestrasse 15, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Gilbert Neuner
- Department of Botany, Unit Functional Plant Biology, University of Innsbruck, Sternwartestrasse 15, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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Bacior M, Harańczyk H, Nowak P, Kijak P, Marzec M, Fitas J, Olech MA. Low-temperature immobilization of water in Antarctic Turgidosculum complicatulum and in Prasiola crispa. Part I. Turgidosculum complicatulum. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2019; 173:869-875. [PMID: 30551303 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.10.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The studies of low-temperature immobilization of bound water in Antarctic lichenized fungus Turgidosculum complicatulum were performed using 1H NMR and DSC over a wide range of thallus hydration. 1H NMR free induction decays were decomposed into a solid component well described by the Gaussian function and two exponentially decaying components coming from a tightly bound water and from a loosely bound water fraction. 1H NMR spectra revealed one averaged mobile proton signal component. 1H NMR measurements recorded in time and in frequency domain suggest the non-cooperative bound water immobilization in T. complicatulum thallus. The threshold of the hydration level estimated by 1H NMR analysis at which the cooperative bound water freezing was detected was Δm/m0 ≈ 0.39, whereas for DSC analysis was equal to Δm/m0 = 0.375. Main ice melting estimated from DSC measurements for zero hydration level of the sample starts at tm = -(19.29 ± 1.19)°C. However, DSC melting peak shows a composed form being a superposition of the main narrow peak (presumably melting of mycobiont areas) and a broad low-temperature shoulder (presumably melting of isolated photobiont cells). DSC traces recorded after two-hour incubation of T. complicatulum thallus at -20 °C suggest much lower threshold level of hydration at which the ice formation occurs (Δm/m0 = 0.0842). Presumably it is a result of diffusion induced migration of separated water molecules to ice microcrystallites already present in thallus, but still beyond the calorimeter resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bacior
- Department of Physics, University of Agriculture in Kraków, Al. Mickiewicza 21, 31-120 Kraków, Poland.
| | - H Harańczyk
- Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, ul. Prof. Stanisława Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348 Kraków, Poland
| | - P Nowak
- Faculty of Computer Science, Electronics and Telecommunications, AGH University of Science and Technology, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
| | - P Kijak
- Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, ul. Prof. Stanisława Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348 Kraków, Poland
| | - M Marzec
- Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, ul. Prof. Stanisława Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348 Kraków, Poland
| | - J Fitas
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Agrophysics, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. Mickiewicza 21, 31-120 Krakow, Poland
| | - M A Olech
- Institute of Botany, Jagiellonian University, ul. Kopernika 27, 31-501 Kraków, Poland; Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
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Baek JS, Chung NJ. Seed wintering and deterioration characteristics between weedy and cultivated rice. Rice (N Y) 2012; 5:21. [PMID: 27234243 PMCID: PMC5520834 DOI: 10.1186/1939-8433-5-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2012] [Accepted: 06/29/2012] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Incidences of weedy rice continuously occurred in paddy fields because its shattering seeds were able to over-winter. In this research, the seed deterioration of weedy rice was investigated compared with cultivated rice, and the wintering characteristics of these two types of rice were investigated with the field wintering test, freezing resistance test, and accelerated aging test. RESULTS For the wintering test, the seeds of weedy rice were placed on the soil surface of a paddy with cultivated rice seeds during the 2008/2009 and 2009/2010 winter seasons from November to April. The viability of seeds after wintering was 4.3% for cultivated rice, but 92.7% for weedy rice in 2008/2009. In the second wintering test, the seeds were placed under flooded and dry paddy conditions. The seed viability of cultivated rice was 5% in dry paddy and 0.5% in flooded paddy, but weedy rice maintained a high viability during winter of 90% in the dry paddy and 61% in the flooded paddy. Following freezing treatment of the imbibed seeds, the seed viability was 78% for weedy rice and 16% for cultivated rice. The deterioration of seed tissue induced by freezing treatment was observed by the tetrazolium test. In an accelerated aging test at low temperature and soaking conditions, the seed viability of the weedy rice was 40% higher than the cultivated rice 90 days after treatment. During accelerated aging of seeds, the protein content remained higher in the weedy rice compared to the cultivated rice, and fat acidity remained lower in the weedy rice compared to the cultivated rice. Catalase and superoxide dismutase activity of the weedy rice was 4 times higher than that of the cultivated rice, and DPPH radical scavenging activity of the weedy rice was also much higher than for the cultivated rice. CONCLUSION In conclusion, the superior ability of seed wintering in weedy rice was based on freezing resistibility of embryo cellular tissue and higher antioxidant activity to protect seed deterioration during the winter season.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Sun Baek
- Department of Crop Science and Biotechnology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 561-756 Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-Jin Chung
- Department of Crop Science and Biotechnology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 561-756 Republic of Korea
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Abstract
The survival characteristics of Listeria monocytogenes V7 were investigated in a full fat (10% fat) and reduced fat (3%) ice cream. The effect of nisin on the survival of Listeria monocytogenes in the ice creams was also evaluated. Ice cream mixes varying in composition were manufactured and inoculated with L. monocytogenes , passed through a "soft serve" freezer and then frozen at -18°C for up to 3 months. Samples were removed from storage throughout the three months, thawed, and then plated on Listeria -selective agar. In the samples that did not contain nisin, no reduction in the cell population was observed throughout manufacture and frozen storage. When nisin was present in the ice cream, a significant reduction in the cell population (P < .05) was observed. At the end of 3 months of frozen storage, no Listeria cells were detected in the 3% fat ice cream containing nisin. The effect of nisin on Listeria cells was decreased somewhat in the higher fat ice cream but this decrease was not significant over the 3 month storage. The stability of nisin in the ice cream remained constant throughout storage at -18°C.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - E A Zottola
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108, USA
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