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Peng Y, Yang X, Huang R, Ren B, Chen B, Liu Y, Zhang H. Diversified Chemical Structures and Bioactivities of the Chemical Constituents Found in the Brown Algae Family Sargassaceae. Mar Drugs 2024; 22:59. [PMID: 38393030 PMCID: PMC10890103 DOI: 10.3390/md22020059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Sargassaceae, the most abundant family in Fucales, was recently formed through the merging of the two former families Sargassaceae and Cystoseiraceae. It is widely distributed in the world's oceans, notably in tropical coastal regions, with the exception of the coasts of Antarctica and South America. Numerous bioactivities have been discovered through investigations of the chemical diversity of the Sargassaceae family. The secondary metabolites with unique structures found in this family have been classified as terpenoids, phlorotannins, and steroids, among others. These compounds have exhibited potent pharmacological activities. This review describes the new discovered compounds from Sargassaceae species and their associated bioactivities, citing 136 references covering from March 1975 to August 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Peng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang 524048, China; (Y.P.); (B.R.); (B.C.)
| | - Xianwen Yang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biogenetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, 184 Daxue Road, Xiamen 361005, China;
| | - Riming Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China;
| | - Bin Ren
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang 524048, China; (Y.P.); (B.R.); (B.C.)
| | - Bin Chen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang 524048, China; (Y.P.); (B.R.); (B.C.)
| | - Yonghong Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China;
| | - Hongjie Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, 7 Baptist University Road, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
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Pessarrodona A, Franco-Santos RM, Wright LS, Vanderklift MA, Howard J, Pidgeon E, Wernberg T, Filbee-Dexter K. Carbon sequestration and climate change mitigation using macroalgae: a state of knowledge review. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2023; 98:1945-1971. [PMID: 37437379 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
The conservation, restoration, and improved management of terrestrial forests significantly contributes to mitigate climate change and its impacts, as well as providing numerous co-benefits. The pressing need to reduce emissions and increase carbon removal from the atmosphere is now also leading to the development of natural climate solutions in the ocean. Interest in the carbon sequestration potential of underwater macroalgal forests is growing rapidly among policy, conservation, and corporate sectors. Yet, our understanding of whether carbon sequestration from macroalgal forests can lead to tangible climate change mitigation remains severely limited, hampering their inclusion in international policy or carbon finance frameworks. Here, we examine the results of over 180 publications to synthesise evidence regarding macroalgal forest carbon sequestration potential. We show that research efforts on macroalgae carbon sequestration are heavily skewed towards particulate organic carbon (POC) pathways (77% of data publications), and that carbon fixation is the most studied flux (55%). Fluxes leading directly to carbon sequestration (e.g. carbon export or burial in marine sediments) remain poorly resolved, likely hindering regional or country-level assessments of carbon sequestration potential, which are only available from 17 of the 150 countries where macroalgal forests occur. To solve this issue, we present a framework to categorize coastlines according to their carbon sequestration potential. Finally, we review the multiple avenues through which this sequestration can translate into climate change mitigation capacity, which largely depends on whether management interventions can increase carbon removal above a natural baseline or avoid further carbon emissions. We find that conservation, restoration and afforestation interventions on macroalgal forests can potentially lead to carbon removal in the order of 10's of Tg C globally. Although this is lower than current estimates of natural sequestration value of all macroalgal habitats (61-268 Tg C year-1 ), it suggests that macroalgal forests could add to the total mitigation potential of coastal blue carbon ecosystems, and offer valuable mitigation opportunities in polar and temperate areas where blue carbon mitigation is currently low. Operationalizing that potential will necessitate the development of models that reliably estimate the proportion of production sequestered, improvements in macroalgae carbon fingerprinting techniques, and a rethinking of carbon accounting methodologies. The ocean provides major opportunities to mitigate and adapt to climate change, and the largest coastal vegetated habitat on Earth should not be ignored simply because it does not fit into existing frameworks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Pessarrodona
- UWA Oceans Institute and School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, 6009, Western Australia, Australia
- Conservation International, 2011 Crystal Dr., Suite 600, Arlington, VA, USA
- International Blue Carbon Institute, 42B Boat Quay, Singapore, 049831, Singapore
| | - Rita M Franco-Santos
- CSIRO Environment, Indian Ocean Marine Research Centre, Crawley, 6009, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Luka Seamus Wright
- UWA Oceans Institute and School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, 6009, Western Australia, Australia
- CSIRO Environment, Indian Ocean Marine Research Centre, Crawley, 6009, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Mathew A Vanderklift
- CSIRO Environment, Indian Ocean Marine Research Centre, Crawley, 6009, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Jennifer Howard
- Conservation International, 2011 Crystal Dr., Suite 600, Arlington, VA, USA
- International Blue Carbon Institute, 42B Boat Quay, Singapore, 049831, Singapore
| | - Emily Pidgeon
- Conservation International, 2011 Crystal Dr., Suite 600, Arlington, VA, USA
- International Blue Carbon Institute, 42B Boat Quay, Singapore, 049831, Singapore
| | - Thomas Wernberg
- UWA Oceans Institute and School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, 6009, Western Australia, Australia
- Institute of Marine Research, Nye Flødevigveien 20, His, 4817, Norway
| | - Karen Filbee-Dexter
- UWA Oceans Institute and School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, 6009, Western Australia, Australia
- Institute of Marine Research, Nye Flødevigveien 20, His, 4817, Norway
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Rendina F, Falace A, Alongi G, Buia MC, Neiva J, Appolloni L, Marletta G, Russo GF. The Lush Fucales Underwater Forests off the Cilento Coast: An Overlooked Mediterranean Biodiversity Hotspot. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:1497. [PMID: 37050123 PMCID: PMC10096796 DOI: 10.3390/plants12071497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Fucales (Phaeophyceae) are ecosystem engineers and forest-forming macroalgae whose populations are declining dramatically. In the Mediterranean Sea, Cystoseira sensu lato (s.l.)-encompassing the genera Cystoseira sensu stricto, Ericaria, and Gongolaria-is the most diverse group, and many species have been shown to be locally extinct in many areas, resulting in a shift toward structurally less complex habitats with the consequent loss of ecosystem functions and services. In this study, we report on the extensive occurrence of healthy and dense marine forests formed by Fucales in the Santa Maria di Castellabate Marine Protected Area in Cilento, Italy (Tyrrhenian Sea, Mediterranean). On a total area of 129.45 ha, 10 Cystoseira s.l. taxa were detected using a combined morphological and molecular approach, with an average cover of more than 70%. One of these taxa has been sequenced for the first time. These findings underline the high ecological value of this area as a hotspot of benthic biodiversity and highlight the importance of marine protected area management and regional monitoring programs to ensure the conservation of these valuable yet fragile coastal ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Rendina
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Naples “Parthenope”, 80143 Naples, Italy
| | - Annalisa Falace
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
- CoNISMa National Inter University Consortium for Marine Sciences, 00196 Roma, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Alongi
- CoNISMa National Inter University Consortium for Marine Sciences, 00196 Roma, Italy
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy
| | | | - João Neiva
- Centro de Ciências do Mar do Algarve (CCMAR), University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Luca Appolloni
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Naples “Parthenope”, 80143 Naples, Italy
| | - Giuliana Marletta
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy
| | - Giovanni Fulvio Russo
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Naples “Parthenope”, 80143 Naples, Italy
- CoNISMa National Inter University Consortium for Marine Sciences, 00196 Roma, Italy
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Pessarrodona A, Grimaldi CM. On the ecology of Cystophora spp. forests. J Phycol 2022; 58:760-772. [PMID: 36054376 PMCID: PMC10092567 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.13285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cystophora is the second largest genus of fucoids worldwide and, like many other forest-forming macroalgae, is increasingly threatened by a range of anthropogenic impacts including ocean warming. Yet, limited ecological information is available from the warm portion of their range (SW Western Australia), where severe range contractions are predicted to occur. Here, we provide the first insights on the abundance, diversity, productivity, and stand structure of Cystophora forests in this region. Forests were ubiquitous over more than 800 km of coastline and dominated sheltered and moderately-exposed reefs. Stand biomass and productivity were similar or greater than that of kelp forests in the temperate reef communities examined, suggesting that Cystophora spp. play a similarly important ecological role. The stand structure of Cystophora forests was, however, different than those of kelp forests, with most stands featuring an abundant bank of sub-canopy juveniles and only a few plants forming the canopy layer. Stand productivity followed an opposite seasonal pattern than that of kelps, with maximal growth in late autumn through early winter and net biomass loss in summer. Annually, stands contributed between 2.2 and 5.7 kg · m-2 (fresh biomass) to reef productivity depending on the dominant stand species. We propose that Cystophora forests play an important and unique role in supporting subtidal temperate diversity and productivity throughout temperate Australia, and urge a better understanding of their ecology and responses to anthropogenic threats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Pessarrodona
- UWA Oceans Institute and School of Biological SciencesUniversity of Western AustraliaCrawleyWestern Australia6009Australia
| | - Camille M. Grimaldi
- UWA Oceans Institute and Oceans Graduate SchoolUniversity of Western AustraliaCrawleyWestern Australia6009Australia
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De La Fuente G, Pinteus S, Silva J, Alves C, Pedrosa R. Antioxidant and antimicrobial potential of six Fucoids from the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean. J Sci Food Agric 2022; 102:5568-5575. [PMID: 35439330 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUD In recent years, research on the bioactive properties of macroalgae has increased, due to the great interest in exploring new products that can contribute to improve human health and wellbeing. In the present study, the antioxidant and antimicrobial potential of six different brown algae of the Fucales order were evaluated, namely Ericaria selaginoides, Ericaria amentacea, Gongolaria baccata, Gongolaria usneoides, Cystoseira compressa and Sargassum vulgare (collected along the Mediterranean and Atlantic coasts). The antioxidant capacity was measured by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, the oxygen radical absorbent capacity (ORAC) and the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and were related to the total phenolic content (TPC). The antimicrobial activity was evaluated measuring the growth inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans. RESULTS The highest antioxidant capacity was obtained for Ericaria selaginoides revealing the highest capacity to scavenge DPPH radical [half maximal effective concentration (EC50 ) = 27.02 μg mL-1 ], highest FRAP (1761.19 μmol FeSO4 equivalents g-1 extract), high ORAC (138.92 μmol TE g-1 extract), alongside to its high TPC (121.5 GAE g-1 extract). This species also reported the highest antimicrobial capacity against Staphylococcus aureus [half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50 ) = 268 μg mL-1 ]. CONCLUSIONS Among all studied seaweed, Ericaria selaginoides reveals the highest antioxidant and antimicrobial activities, and thus should be explored as a natural food additive and/or functional ingredient. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina De La Fuente
- DiSTAV - Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, dell'Ambiente e della Vita, Università degli Studi di Genova, Genoa, Italy
| | - Susete Pinteus
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Center, Polytechnic of Leiria, Peniche, Portugal
| | - Joana Silva
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Center, Polytechnic of Leiria, Peniche, Portugal
| | - Celso Alves
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Center, Polytechnic of Leiria, Peniche, Portugal
| | - Rui Pedrosa
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Center, ESTM, Polytechnic of Leiria, Peniche, Portugal
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De La Fuente G, Fontana M, Asnaghi V, Chiantore M, Mirata S, Salis A, Damonte G, Scarfì S. The Remarkable Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Potential of the Extracts of the Brown Alga Cystoseira amentacea var. stricta. Mar Drugs 2020; 19:2. [PMID: 33374863 PMCID: PMC7823636 DOI: 10.3390/md19010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation and oxidative stress are part of the complex biological responses of body tissues to harmful stimuli. In recent years, due to the increased understanding that oxidative stress is implicated in several diseases, pharmaceutical industries have invested in the research and development of new antioxidant compounds, especially from marine environment sources. Marine seaweeds have shown the presence of many bioactive secondary metabolites, with great potentialities from both the nutraceutical and the biomedical point of view. In this study, 50%-ethanolic and DMSO extracts from the species C. amentacea var. stricta were obtained for the first time from seaweeds collected in the Ligurian Sea (north-western Mediterranean). The bioactive properties of these extracts were then investigated, in terms of quantification of specific antioxidant activities by relevant ROS scavenging spectrophotometric tests, and of anti-inflammatory properties in LPS-stimulated macrophages by evaluation of inhibition of inflammatory cytokines and mediators. The data obtained in this study demonstrate a strong anti-inflammatory effect of both C. amentacea extracts (DMSO and ethanolic). The extracts showed a very low grade of toxicity on RAW 264.7 macrophages and L929 fibroblasts and a plethora of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects that were for the first time thoroughly investigated. The two extracts were able to scavenge OH and NO radicals (OH EC50 between 392 and 454 μg/mL; NO EC50 between 546 and 1293 μg/mL), to partially rescue H2O2-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages cell death, to abate intracellular ROS production in H2O2-stimulated macrophages and fibroblasts and to strongly inhibit LPS-induced inflammatory mediators, such as NO production and IL-1α, IL-6, cyclooxygenase-2 and inducible NO synthase gene expression in RAW 264.7 macrophages. These results pave the way, for the future use of C. amentacea metabolites, as an example, as antioxidant food additives in antiaging formulations as well as in cosmetic lenitive lotions for inflamed and/or damaged skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina De La Fuente
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genova, Via Pastore 3, 16132 Genova, Italy; (G.D.L.F.); (M.F.); (V.A.); (M.C.); (S.M.)
| | - Marco Fontana
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genova, Via Pastore 3, 16132 Genova, Italy; (G.D.L.F.); (M.F.); (V.A.); (M.C.); (S.M.)
| | - Valentina Asnaghi
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genova, Via Pastore 3, 16132 Genova, Italy; (G.D.L.F.); (M.F.); (V.A.); (M.C.); (S.M.)
| | - Mariachiara Chiantore
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genova, Via Pastore 3, 16132 Genova, Italy; (G.D.L.F.); (M.F.); (V.A.); (M.C.); (S.M.)
| | - Serena Mirata
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genova, Via Pastore 3, 16132 Genova, Italy; (G.D.L.F.); (M.F.); (V.A.); (M.C.); (S.M.)
| | - Annalisa Salis
- Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV 9, 16132 Genova, Italy; (A.S.); (G.D.)
| | - Gianluca Damonte
- Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV 9, 16132 Genova, Italy; (A.S.); (G.D.)
| | - Sonia Scarfì
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genova, Via Pastore 3, 16132 Genova, Italy; (G.D.L.F.); (M.F.); (V.A.); (M.C.); (S.M.)
- Centro 3R, Interuniversitary Center for the Promotion of the Principles of the 3Rs in Teaching and Research, Via Caruso 16, 56122 Pisa, Italy
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Gerdol M, Visintin A, Kaleb S, Spazzali F, Pallavicini A, Falace A. Gene expression response of the alga Fucus virsoides ( Fucales, Ochrophyta) to glyphosate solution exposure. Environ Pollut 2020; 267:115483. [PMID: 32889518 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Fucus virsoides is an ecologically important canopy-forming brown algae endemic to the Adriatic Sea. Once widespread in marine coastal areas, this species underwent a rapid population decline and is now confined to small residual areas. Although the reasons behind this progressive disappearance are still a matter of debate, F. virsoides may suffer, like other macroalgae, from the potential toxic effects of glyphosate-based herbicides. Here, through a transcriptomic approach, we investigate the molecular basis of the high susceptibility of this species to glyphosate solution, previously observed at the morphological and eco-physiological levels. By simulating runoff event in a factorial experiment, we exposed F. virsoides to glyphosate (Roundup® 2.0), either alone or in association with nutrient enrichment, highlighting significant alterations of gene expression profiles that were already visible after three days of exposure. In particular, glyphosate exposure determined the near-complete expression shutdown of several genes involved in photosynthesis, protein synthesis and stress response molecular pathways. Curiously, these detrimental effects were partially mitigated by nutrient supplementation, which may explain the survival of relict population in confined areas with high nutrient inputs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Gerdol
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Andrea Visintin
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Sara Kaleb
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Francesca Spazzali
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Alberto Pallavicini
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127, Trieste, Italy; CoNISMa, Piazzale Flaminio 9, 00196, Roma, Italy; Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale - OGS, Trieste, Italy
| | - Annalisa Falace
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127, Trieste, Italy; CoNISMa, Piazzale Flaminio 9, 00196, Roma, Italy; Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale - OGS, Trieste, Italy.
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Bevilacqua S, Savonitto G, Lipizer M, Mancuso P, Ciriaco S, Srijemsi M, Falace A. Climatic anomalies may create a long-lasting ecological phase shift by altering the reproduction of a foundation species. Ecology 2019; 100:e02838. [PMID: 31330045 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.2838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stanislao Bevilacqua
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127, Trieste, Italy.,Conisma, Piazzale Flaminio 9, Roma, Italy
| | - Gilda Savonitto
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Marina Lipizer
- OGS, National Institute of Oceanography and Applied Geophysics, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Paolo Mancuso
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Saul Ciriaco
- WWF Marine Protected Area of Miramare, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Marina Srijemsi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Annalisa Falace
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127, Trieste, Italy
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Verdura J, Sales M, Ballesteros E, Cefalì ME, Cebrian E. Restoration of a Canopy-Forming Alga Based on Recruitment Enhancement: Methods and Long-Term Success Assessment. Front Plant Sci 2018; 9:1832. [PMID: 30619405 PMCID: PMC6295557 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Marine forests dominated by macroalgae have experienced noticeable regression along some temperate and subpolar rocky shores. Along continuously disturbed shores, where natural recovery is extremely difficult, these forests are often permanently replaced by less structured assemblages. Thus, implementation of an active restoration plan emerges as an option to ensure their conservation. To date, active transplantation of individuals from natural and healthy populations has been proposed as a prime vehicle for restoring habitat-forming species. However, given the threatened and critical conservation status of many populations, less invasive techniques are required. Some authors have experimentally explored the applicability of several non-destructive techniques based on recruitment enhancement for macroalgae restoration; however, these techniques have not been effectively applied to restore forest-forming fucoids. Here, for the first time, we successfully restored four populations of Cystoseira barbata (i.e., they established self-maintaining populations of roughly 25 m2) in areas from which they had completely disappeared at least 50 years ago using recruitment-enhancement techniques. We compared the feasibility and costs of active macroalgal restoration by means of in situ (wild-collected zygotes and recruits) and ex situ (provisioning of lab-cultured recruits) techniques. Mid/long-term monitoring of the restored and reference populations allowed us to define the best indicators of success for the different restoration phases. After 6 years, the densities and size structure distributions of the restored populations were similar and comparable to those of the natural reference populations. However, the costs of the in situ recruitment technique were considerably lower than those of the ex situ technique. The restoration method, monitoring and success indicators proposed here may have applicability for other macroalgal species, especially those that produce rapidly sinking zygotes. Recruitment enhancement should become an essential tool for preserving Cystoseira forests and their associated biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Verdura
- Facultat de Ciències, Institut d’Ecologia Aquàtica, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Marta Sales
- Estació d’Investigació Jaume Ferrer, Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO), Mahón, Spain
| | | | - Maria Elena Cefalì
- Estació d’Investigació Jaume Ferrer, Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO), Mahón, Spain
| | - Emma Cebrian
- Facultat de Ciències, Institut d’Ecologia Aquàtica, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain
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Mancuso FP, Strain EMA, Piccioni E, De Clerck O, Sarà G, Airoldi L. Status of vulnerable Cystoseira populations along the Italian infralittoral fringe, and relationships with environmental and anthropogenic variables. Mar Pollut Bull 2018; 129:762-771. [PMID: 29108739 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.10.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We analyzed the occurrence and status of infralittoral fringe populations of Cystoseira spp. (Fucales) at thirteen rocky sites around the Italian coastline, and explored the relationships with relevant environmental and anthropogenic variables. We found Cystoseira populations at 11 sites: most were scattered and comprised monospecific stands of C. compressa, and only 6 sites also supported sparse specimens of either C. amentacea var. stricta or C. brachycarpa. Coastal human population density, Chlorophyll a seawater concentrations, sea surface temperature, annual range of sea surface temperature and wave fetch explained most of the variation of the status of C. compressa. We hypothesize a generally unhealthy state of the Italian Cystoseira infralittoral fringe populations and identify multiple co-occurring anthropogenic stressors as the likely drivers of these poor conditions. Extensive baseline monitoring is needed to describe how Cystoseira populations are changing, and implement a management framework for the conservation of these valuable but vulnerable habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- F P Mancuso
- Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche ed Ambientali (BiGeA), & Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca per le Scienze Ambientali (CIRSA), UO CoNISMa, Italy; Phycology Research Group and Center for Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - E M A Strain
- Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche ed Ambientali (BiGeA), & Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca per le Scienze Ambientali (CIRSA), UO CoNISMa, Italy; Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Chowder Bay Road, Mosman, NSW 2061, Australia
| | - E Piccioni
- Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche ed Ambientali (BiGeA), & Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca per le Scienze Ambientali (CIRSA), UO CoNISMa, Italy
| | - O De Clerck
- Phycology Research Group and Center for Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - G Sarà
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra e del Mare, University of Palermo, viale delle Scienze Ed. 16, Palermo, Italy
| | - L Airoldi
- Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche ed Ambientali (BiGeA), & Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca per le Scienze Ambientali (CIRSA), UO CoNISMa, Italy.
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Mancuso FP, D'Hondt S, Willems A, Airoldi L, De Clerck O. Diversity and Temporal Dynamics of the Epiphytic Bacterial Communities Associated with the Canopy-Forming Seaweed Cystoseira compressa (Esper) Gerloff and Nizamuddin. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:476. [PMID: 27092130 PMCID: PMC4824759 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Canopy-forming seaweed species of the genus Cystoseira form diverse and productive habitats along temperate rocky coasts of the Mediterranean Sea. Despite numerous studies on the rich macrofauna and flora associated with Cystoseira spp., there is little knowledge about the epiphytic bacteria. We analyzed bacterial populations associated with canopies of Cystoseira compressa, over an annual vegetative cycle (May-October), and their relationships with the bacterial populations in the surrounding seawater, at intertidal rocky shores in Vasto (Chieti—Italy). The bacterial diversity was assessed using Illumina Miseq sequences of V1-V3 hypervariable regions of 16S rRNA gene. C. compressa bacterial community was dominated by sequences of Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes, Verrucomicrobia, Actinobacteria, and Cyanobacteria especially of the Rhodobacteriaceae, Flavobacteriaceae, Sapropiraceae, Verrucomicrobiaceae, and Phyllobacteriaceae families. Seawater libraries were also dominated by Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes sequences, especially of the Candidatus Pelagibacter (SAR11) and Rhodobacteriaceae families, but were shown to be clearly distinct from C. compressa libraries with only few species in common between the two habitats. We observed a clear successional pattern in the epiphytic bacteria of C. compressa over time. These variations were characterized by gradual addition of OTUs (Verrucomicrobia, Actinobacteria and SR1) to the community over a growing season, indicative of a temporal gradient, rather than a radical reorganization of the bacterial community. Moreover, we also found an increase in abundance over time of Rhodobacteraceae, comprising six potential pathogenic genera, Ruegeria, Nautella, Aquimarina, Loktanella, Saprospira, and Phaeobacter which seemed to be associated to aged thalli of C. compressa. These bacteria could have the potential to affect the health and ecology of the algae, suggesting the hypothesis of a possible, but still unexplored, role of the microbial communities in contributing to the extensive ongoing declines of populations of Cystoseira spp. in the Mediterranean Sea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco P Mancuso
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche ed Ambientali, Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca per le Scienze Ambientali, UO CoNISMa, University of BolognaRavenna, Italy; Phycology Research Group and Center for Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, Ghent UniversityGhent, Belgium
| | - Sofie D'Hondt
- Phycology Research Group and Center for Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, Ghent University Ghent, Belgium
| | - Anne Willems
- Laboratory for Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University Ghent, Belgium
| | - Laura Airoldi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche ed Ambientali, Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca per le Scienze Ambientali, UO CoNISMa, University of Bologna Ravenna, Italy
| | - Olivier De Clerck
- Phycology Research Group and Center for Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, Ghent University Ghent, Belgium
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12
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Schmid M, Stengel DB. Intra-thallus differentiation of fatty acid and pigment profiles in some temperate Fucales and Laminariales. J Phycol 2015; 51:25-36. [PMID: 26986256 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.12268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Intra-thallus variation in fatty acid and pigment contents and profiles was investigated in five species of Laminariales (Alaria esculenta, Laminaria digitata, Laminaria hyperborea, Saccharina latissima, and Saccorhiza polyschides), and three Fucales (Ascophyllum nodosum, Fucus serratus, and Himanthalia elongata). Significant variation occurred across all species and compounds examined. Total fatty acids were generally higher in the fronds, with highest levels and largest variability observed in A. nodosum (1.5% of dry weight (DW) in the base, 6.3% of DW in frond tips). Percentages of the omega-3 fatty acids 18:4 n-3 and 20:5 n-3 were generally higher in more distal parts, while 20:4 n-6 exhibited a contrasting pattern, with higher levels in basal structures and holdfasts. Trends for pigments were similar to those for fatty acids in Laminariales. In the Fucales, highest levels were detected in the mid-fronds, with lower concentrations in meristematic areas. Highest levels and greatest variability in pigments (e.g., chl a) was observed in F. serratus (1.07 mg · g(-1) DW in the base, 3.04 mg · g(-1) DW in the mid frond). Intra-thallus variability was attributed to physiological functions of the respective thallus sections, e.g., photosynthetic activity, meristematic tissue, and to variations in physical attributes of the structures investigated. Regarding potential commercial nutritional applications, fronds appeared to represent most suitable source materials, due to higher levels of pigments, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and more preferable omega-3/omega-6 ratios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Schmid
- Botany and Plant Science, School of Natural Sciences, Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Dagmar B Stengel
- Botany and Plant Science, School of Natural Sciences, Ryan Institute for Environment, Marine and Energy Research, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
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13
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Deniaud-Bouët E, Kervarec N, Michel G, Tonon T, Kloareg B, Hervé C. Chemical and enzymatic fractionation of cell walls from Fucales: insights into the structure of the extracellular matrix of brown algae. Ann Bot 2014; 114:1203-16. [PMID: 24875633 PMCID: PMC4195554 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcu096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Brown algae are photosynthetic multicellular marine organisms evolutionarily distant from land plants, with a distinctive cell wall. They feature carbohydrates shared with plants (cellulose), animals (fucose-containing sulfated polysaccharides, FCSPs) or bacteria (alginates). How these components are organized into a three-dimensional extracellular matrix (ECM) still remains unclear. Recent molecular analysis of the corresponding biosynthetic routes points toward a complex evolutionary history that shaped the ECM structure in brown algae. METHODS Exhaustive sequential extractions and composition analyses of cell wall material from various brown algae of the order Fucales were performed. Dedicated enzymatic degradations were used to release and identify cell wall partners. This approach was complemented by systematic chromatographic analysis to study polymer interlinks further. An additional structural assessment of the sulfated fucan extracted from Himanthalia elongata was made. KEY RESULTS The data indicate that FCSPs are tightly associated with proteins and cellulose within the walls. Alginates are associated with most phenolic compounds. The sulfated fucans from H. elongata were shown to have a regular α-(1→3) backbone structure, while an alternating α-(1→3), (1→4) structure has been described in some brown algae from the order Fucales. CONCLUSIONS The data provide a global snapshot of the cell wall architecture in brown algae, and contribute to the understanding of the structure-function relationships of the main cell wall components. Enzymatic cross-linking of alginates by phenols may regulate the strengthening of the wall, and sulfated polysaccharides may play a key role in the adaptation to osmotic stress. The emergence and evolution of ECM components is further discussed in relation to the evolution of multicellularity in brown algae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estelle Deniaud-Bouët
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, UMR 8227 Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, F-29688 Roscoff cedex, France CNRS, UMR 8227 Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, F-29688 Roscoff cedex, France
| | - Nelly Kervarec
- Service RMN-RPE, UFR Sciences et Techniques, Université de Bretagne Occidentale (UBO), Avenue Le Gorgeu, 29200 Brest, France
| | - Gurvan Michel
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, UMR 8227 Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, F-29688 Roscoff cedex, France CNRS, UMR 8227 Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, F-29688 Roscoff cedex, France
| | - Thierry Tonon
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, UMR 8227 Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, F-29688 Roscoff cedex, France CNRS, UMR 8227 Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, F-29688 Roscoff cedex, France
| | - Bernard Kloareg
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, UMR 8227 Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, F-29688 Roscoff cedex, France CNRS, UMR 8227 Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, F-29688 Roscoff cedex, France
| | - Cécile Hervé
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, UMR 8227 Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, F-29688 Roscoff cedex, France CNRS, UMR 8227 Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, F-29688 Roscoff cedex, France
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14
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Phillips N, Burrowes R, Rousseau F, De Reviers B, Saunders GW. RESOLVING EVOLUTIONARY RELATIONSHIPS AMONG THE BROWN ALGAE USING CHLOROPLAST AND NUCLEAR GENES(1). J Phycol 2008; 44:394-405. [PMID: 27041195 DOI: 10.1111/j.1529-8817.2008.00473.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The brown algae are one of the largest and most important groups of primary producers in benthic coastal marine environments. Despite their biological importance, consensus regarding their taxonomic or evolutionary relationships remains elusive. Our goal was to produce a taxon-rich two-gene (rbcL and LSU rDNA) phylogeny. Key species were sequenced to represent each order and family in the analyses across all 19 orders and ∼40 families, including selected outgroups Schizocladiophyceae and Xanthophyceae. Our results are in sharp contrast to traditional phylogenetic concepts; the Ectocarpales are not an early diverging clade, nor do the Fucales diverge early from other brown algae. Rather, Choristocarpus is sister to the remaining brown algae. Other groups traditionally considered to have primitive features are actually recently diverged lineages, turning traditional phylogenetic concepts upside down. Additionally, our results allow for the assessment, in the broadest context, of many of the historical and more recent taxonomic changes, resulting in several emended groups along with proposals for two new orders (Onslowiales, Nemodermatales) and one new family (Phaeosiphoniellaceae).
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Phillips
- Centre for Environmental and Molecular Algal Research, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick E3B 4E1, CanadaDépartement Systématique et Évolution, UMR 7138 UPMC-MNHN-CNRS-IRD Systématique, adaptation, évolution, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 57, Rue Cuvier, CP 39, 75231 Paris cedex 05, FranceCentre for Environmental and Molecular Algal Research, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick E3B 4E1, Canada
| | - Renaud Burrowes
- Centre for Environmental and Molecular Algal Research, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick E3B 4E1, CanadaDépartement Systématique et Évolution, UMR 7138 UPMC-MNHN-CNRS-IRD Systématique, adaptation, évolution, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 57, Rue Cuvier, CP 39, 75231 Paris cedex 05, FranceCentre for Environmental and Molecular Algal Research, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick E3B 4E1, Canada
| | - Florence Rousseau
- Centre for Environmental and Molecular Algal Research, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick E3B 4E1, CanadaDépartement Systématique et Évolution, UMR 7138 UPMC-MNHN-CNRS-IRD Systématique, adaptation, évolution, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 57, Rue Cuvier, CP 39, 75231 Paris cedex 05, FranceCentre for Environmental and Molecular Algal Research, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick E3B 4E1, Canada
| | - Bruno De Reviers
- Centre for Environmental and Molecular Algal Research, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick E3B 4E1, CanadaDépartement Systématique et Évolution, UMR 7138 UPMC-MNHN-CNRS-IRD Systématique, adaptation, évolution, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 57, Rue Cuvier, CP 39, 75231 Paris cedex 05, FranceCentre for Environmental and Molecular Algal Research, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick E3B 4E1, Canada
| | - Gary W Saunders
- Centre for Environmental and Molecular Algal Research, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick E3B 4E1, CanadaDépartement Systématique et Évolution, UMR 7138 UPMC-MNHN-CNRS-IRD Systématique, adaptation, évolution, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 57, Rue Cuvier, CP 39, 75231 Paris cedex 05, FranceCentre for Environmental and Molecular Algal Research, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick E3B 4E1, Canada
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