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Torabidastgerdooei S, Roy ME, Annabi B. A molecular signature for the G6PC3/SLC37A2/SLC37A4 interactors in glioblastoma disease progression and in the acquisition of a brain cancer stem cell phenotype. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1265698. [PMID: 38034009 PMCID: PMC10687460 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1265698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Glycogen plays an important role in glucose homeostasis and contributes to key functions related to brain cancer cell survival in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) disease progression. Such adaptive molecular mechanism is dependent on the glycogenolytic pathway and intracellular glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) sensing by brain cancer cells residing within those highly hypoxic tumors. The involvement of components of the glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase) system remains however elusive. Objective We questioned the gene expression levels of components of the G6Pase system in GBM tissues and their functional impact in the control of the invasive and brain cancer stem cells (CSC) phenotypes. Methods In silico analysis of transcript levels in GBM tumor tissues was done by GEPIA. Total RNA was extracted and gene expression of G6PC1-3 as well as of SLC37A1-4 members analyzed by qPCR in four human brain cancer cell lines and from clinically annotated brain tumor cDNA arrays. Transient siRNA-mediated gene silencing was used to assess the impact of TGF-β-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cell chemotaxis. Three-dimensional (3D) neurosphere cultures were generated to recapitulate the brain CSC phenotype. Results Higher expression in G6PC3, SLC37A2, and SLC37A4 was found in GBM tumor tissues in comparison to low-grade glioma and healthy tissue. The expression of these genes was also found elevated in established human U87, U251, U118, and U138 GBM cell models compared to human HepG2 hepatoma cells. SLC37A4/G6PC3, but not SLC37A2, levels were induced in 3D CD133/SOX2-positive U87 neurospheres when compared to 2D monolayers. Silencing of SLC37A4/G6PC3 altered TGF-β-induced EMT biomarker SNAIL and cell chemotaxis. Conclusion Two members of the G6Pase system, G6PC3 and SLC37A4, associate with GBM disease progression and regulate the metabolic reprogramming of an invasive and CSC phenotype. Such molecular signature may support their role in cancer cell survival and chemoresistance and become future therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Borhane Annabi
- Laboratoire d’Oncologie Moléculaire, Centre de recherche CERMO-FC, Département de Chimie, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Dewulf JP, Chevalier N, Marie S, Veiga-da-Cunha M. DBS are suitable for 1,5-anhydroglucitol monitoring in GSD1b and G6PC3-deficient patients taking SGLT2 inhibitors to treat neutropenia. Mol Genet Metab 2023; 140:107712. [PMID: 38353183 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2023.107712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Glycogen storage disease type Ib (GSD1b) and G6PC3-deficiency are rare autosomal recessive diseases caused by inactivating mutations in SLC37A4 (coding for G6PT) and G6PC3, respectively. Both diseases are characterized by neutropenia and neutrophil dysfunction due to the intracellular accumulation of 1,5-anhydroglucitol-6-phosphate (1,5-AG6P), a potent inhibitor of hexokinases. We recently showed that the use of SGLT2 inhibitor therapy to reduce tubular reabsorption of its precursor, 1,5-anhydroglucitol (1,5-AG), a glucose analog present in blood, successfully restored the neutropenia and neutrophil function in G6PC3-deficient and GSD1b patients. The intra-individual variability of response to the treatment and the need to adjust the dose during treatment, especially in pediatric populations, can only be efficiently optimized if the concentration of 1,5-AG in blood is monitored during treatment, together with the patients' clinical signs and symptoms. Monitoring the 1,5-AG levels would be greatly simplified if it could be performed on dry blood spots (DBS) which are easy to collect, store and transport. The challenge is to know if a suitable method can be developed to perform accurate and reproducible assays for 1,5-AG using DBS. Here, we describe and validate an assay that quantifies 1,5-AG in DBS using isotopic dilution quantitation by LC-MS/MS that should greatly facilitate patients' follow-up. 1,5-AG levels measured in plasma and DBS give comparable values. This assay was used to monitor the levels of 1,5-AG in DBS from 3 G6PC3-deficient and 6 GSD1b patients during treatment with SGLT2 inhibitors. We recommend this approach to verify the adequate therapeutical response and compliance to the treatment in G6PC3-deficient and GSD1b patients treated with SGLT2 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph P Dewulf
- Biochemical Genetics and Newborn Screening Laboratory, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, UCLouvain, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium; Groupe de Recherches Metaboliques, de Duve Institute, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium; Louvain Centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Nathalie Chevalier
- Groupe de Recherches Metaboliques, de Duve Institute, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sandrine Marie
- Biochemical Genetics and Newborn Screening Laboratory, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, UCLouvain, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Maria Veiga-da-Cunha
- Groupe de Recherches Metaboliques, de Duve Institute, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium.
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Velez-Tirado N, Yamazaki-Nakashimada MA, Lopez Valentín E, Partida-Gaytan A, Scheffler-Mendoza SC, Chaia Semerena GM, Alvarez-Cardona A, Suárez Gutiérrez MA, Medina Torres EA, Baeza Capetillo P, Hirschmugl T, Garncarz W, Espinosa-Padilla SE, Aguirre Hernández J, Klein C, Boztug K, Lugo Reyes SO. Severe congenital neutropenia due to G6PC3 deficiency: Case series of five patients and literature review. Scand J Immunol 2021; 95:e13136. [PMID: 34964150 DOI: 10.1111/sji.13136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Glucose-6-phosphate catalytic subunit 3 (G6PC3) deficiency is characterized by severe congenital neutropenia with recurrent pyogenic infections, a prominent superficial venous pattern, and cardiovascular and urogenital malformations, caused by an alteration of glucose homeostasis, with increased endoplasmic reticulum stress and cell apoptosis. METHODS We reviewed our patients with G6PC3 deficiency diagnosed along the last decade in Mexico; we also searched the PubMed/Medline database for the terms ("G6PC3 deficiency" OR "Dursun syndrome" OR "Severe congenital neutropenia type 4"), and selected articles published in English from 2009 to 2020. Results We found 89 patients reported from at least 14 countries in 4 continents. We describe five new cases from Mexico. Of the 94 patients 56% are male, 48% from Middle East countries, none of them had adverse reactions to live vaccines; all presented with at least one severe infection prior to age 2. 75% had syndromic features, mainly atrial septal defect in 55%, and prominent superficial veins in 62%. CONCLUSIONS With a total of 94 patients reported in the past decade, we delineate the most frequent laboratory and genetic features, their treatment, and outcomes, and to expand the knowledge of syndromic and non-syndromic phenotypes in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Patricia Baeza Capetillo
- Genetics Department, Genetics and Bioinformatics, Hospital Infantil de Mexico "Federico Gómez", Mexico City, Mexico.,Laboratory of Genomics, Genetics and Bioinformatics, Hospital Infantil de Mexico "Federico Gómez", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Tatjana Hirschmugl
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences
| | - Wojciech Garncarz
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences
| | | | - Jesús Aguirre Hernández
- Laboratory of Genomics, Genetics and Bioinformatics, Hospital Infantil de Mexico "Federico Gómez", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Christoph Klein
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Kaan Boztug
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences.,Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases.,St. Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute (CCRI).,Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna.,St. Anna Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Dai R, Lv G, Li W, Tang W, Chen J, Liu Q, Yang L, Zhang M, Tian Z, Zhou L, Yan X, Wang Y, Ding Y, An Y, Zhang Z, Tang X, Zhao X. Altered Functions of Neutrophils in Two Chinese Patients With Severe Congenital Neutropenia Type 4 Caused by G6PC3 Mutations. Front Immunol 2021; 12:699743. [PMID: 34305938 PMCID: PMC8296982 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.699743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background SCN4 is an autosomal recessive disease caused by mutations in the G6PC3 gene. The clinical, molecular, and immunological features; function of neutrophils; and prognosis of patients with SCN4 have not been fully elucidated. Methods Two Chinese pediatric patients with G6PC3 mutations were enrolled in this study. Clinical data, genetic and immunologic characteristics, and neutrophil function were evaluated in patients and controls before and after granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) treatment. Results Both patients had histories of pneumonia, inguinal hernia, cryptorchidism, and recurrent oral ulcers. Patient 1 also had asthma and otitis media, and patient 2 presented with prominent ectatic superficial veins and inflammatory bowel disease. DNA sequencing demonstrated that both patients harbored heterozygous G6PC3 gene mutations. Spontaneous and FAS-induced neutrophil apoptosis were significantly increased in patients, and improved only slightly after G-CSF treatment, while neutrophil respiratory burst and neutrophil extracellular traps production remained impaired in patients after G-CSF treatment. Conclusion G-CSF treatment is insufficient for patients with SCN4 patients, who remain at risk of infection. Where possible, regular G-CSF treatment, long-term prevention of infection, are the optimal methods for cure of SCN4 patients. It is important to monitor closely for signs of leukemia in SCN4 patients. Once leukemia occurs in SCN4 patients, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is the most important choice of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongxin Dai
- Department of Rheumatology & Immunology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ge Lv
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenyan Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenjing Tang
- Department of Rheumatology & Immunology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Junjie Chen
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiao Liu
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lu Yang
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Min Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhirui Tian
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lina Zhou
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xin Yan
- Department of Rheumatology & Immunology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yating Wang
- Department of Rheumatology & Immunology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuan Ding
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yunfei An
- Department of Rheumatology & Immunology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhiyong Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology & Immunology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuemei Tang
- Department of Rheumatology & Immunology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhao
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Horiguchi M, Turudome Y, Ushijima K. The Transplantation Resistance of Type II Diabetes Mellitus Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Is Due to G6PC and IGF1 Genes Related to the FoxO Signaling Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6595. [PMID: 34205470 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In cases of patients with rapidly progressive diabetes mellitus (DM), autologous stem cell transplantation is considered as one of the regenerative treatments. However, whether the effects of autonomous stem cell transplantation on DM patients are equivalent to transplantation of stem cells derived from healthy persons is unclear. This study revealed that adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSC) derived from type II DM patients had lower transplantation efficiency, proliferation potency, and stemness than those derived from healthy persons, leading to a tendency to induce apoptotic cell death. To address this issue, we conducted a cyclopedic mRNA analysis using a next-generation sequencer and identified G6PC3 and IGF1, genes related to the FoxO signaling pathway, as the genes responsible for lower performance. Moreover, it was demonstrated that the lower transplantation efficiency of ADSCs derived from type II DM patients might be improved by knocking down both G6PC3 and IGF1 genes. This study clarified the difference in transplantation efficiency between ADSCs derived from type II DM patients and those derived from healthy persons and the genes responsible for the lower performance of the former. These results can provide a new strategy for stabilizing the quality of stem cells and improving the therapeutic effects of regenerative treatments on autonomous stem cell transplantation in patients with DM.
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Maroufi SF, Shaka Z, Mojtabavi H, Sadeghalvad M, Rayzan E, Sedighi I, Shahkarami S, Najafi M, Rohlfs M, Klein C, Rezaei N. Novel G6PC3 Mutations in patients with Congenital Neutropenia: Case reports and Review of the Literature. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2021; 21:1660-1668. [PMID: 34137364 DOI: 10.2174/1871530321666210616110631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe congenital neutropenia (SCN4) caused by mutations in glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit 3 (G6PC3) is characterized by recurrent infections due to severe neutropenia, and it may be accompanied by other extra-hematopoietic manifestations; including structural heart defects, urogenital abnormalities, prominent superficial venous markings, growth retention, and inflammatory bowel diseases with rare incidence. The homozygous or compound heterozygous mutations of G6PC3 are responsible for most cases of autosomal recessive SCN4. Herein, we present two cases of SCN4 affected by novel mutations in the G6PC3, in addition to a summarized list of variants in G6PC3 gene that are reported as pathogenic and related to the SCN4 phenotype. CASE PRESENTATION Herein we present two cases of SCN4; the first case was a three-months old boy with severe neutropenia and prior history of hospitalization due to umbilical separation, umbilical herniation, omphalitis, and pyelonephritis; and the second case was an eight-year-old with a history of neutropenia, recurrent and severe episodes of intractable diarrhea, refractory rectovaginal and rectoperineal fistula, congenital inguinal hernia, and ASD type 2. Whole exome sequencing was performed for both cases and revealed two novel homozygous missense mutations in G6PC3 that were predicted to be deleterious; c.337G>A, p. Gly113Arg in the first case and c.479C>T; P. Ser160Leu in the second case. To our knowledge, both of these two mutations has not been reported in the G6PDC3 gene. CONCLUSIONS In patients with severe neutropenia with varying extra hematopoietic syndrome, mutation of G6PC3 should be suspected after ruling out other mutations related to neutropenia. This study pointed toward novel G6PC3 mutations, that should be considered in order to diagnose patients with severe congenital neutropenia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zoha Shaka
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Helia Mojtabavi
- Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mona Sadeghalvad
- International Hematology/Oncology of Pediatrics Experts (IHOPE), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Rayzan
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, IR , Iran
| | - Iraj Sedighi
- Medical Genetics Network (MeGeNe), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Munich, Germany
| | - Sepideh Shahkarami
- Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Mehri Najafi
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Children's Hospital Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Meino Rohlfs
- Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christoph Klein
- Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
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Abstract
It is traditionally assumed that enzymes of intermediary metabolism are extremely specific and that this is sufficient to prevent the production of useless and/or toxic side-products. Recent work indicates that this statement is not entirely correct. In reality, enzymes are not strictly specific, they often display weak side activities on intracellular metabolites (substrate promiscuity) that resemble their physiological substrate or slowly catalyse abnormal reactions on their physiological substrate (catalytic promiscuity). They thereby produce non-classical metabolites that are not efficiently metabolised by conventional enzymes. In an increasing number of cases, metabolite repair enzymes are being discovered that serve to eliminate these non-classical metabolites and prevent their accumulation. Metabolite repair enzymes also eliminate non-classical metabolites that are formed through spontaneous (ie, not enzyme-catalysed) reactions. Importantly, genetic deficiencies in several metabolite repair enzymes lead to 'inborn errors of metabolite repair', such as L-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria, D-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria, 'ubiquitous glucose-6-phosphatase' (G6PC3) deficiency, the neutropenia present in Glycogen Storage Disease type Ib or defects in the enzymes that repair the hydrated forms of NADH or NADPH. Metabolite repair defects may be difficult to identify as such, because the mutated enzymes are non-classical enzymes that act on non-classical metabolites, which in some cases accumulate only inside the cells, and at rather low, yet toxic, concentrations. It is therefore likely that many additional metabolite repair enzymes remain to be discovered and that many diseases of metabolite repair still await elucidation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emile Van Schaftingen
- de Duve InstituteUniversité Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain)BrusselsBelgium
- Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and Biotechnology (WELBIO)UCLouvainBrusselsBelgium
| | - Guido T. Bommer
- de Duve InstituteUniversité Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain)BrusselsBelgium
- Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and Biotechnology (WELBIO)UCLouvainBrusselsBelgium
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8
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Gong RL, Wu J, Chen TX. Clinical, Laboratory, and Molecular Characteristics and Remission Status in Children With Severe Congenital and Non-congenital Neutropenia. Front Pediatr 2018; 6:305. [PMID: 30386760 PMCID: PMC6198072 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2018.00305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Severe congenital neutropenia (SCN) is a primary immunodeficiency disease characterized by the early onset of recurrent infections and persistent severe neutropenia, with or without genetic defect. We aimed to study the different clinical features and hematological and bone marrow characteristics of patients with SCN and the non-congenital form of severe neutropenia (SN) with unknown etiology. Methods: Thirty-nine Chinese children with severe neutropenia for longer than 6 months unrelated to virus infection or autoimmune diseases were enrolled in the study to analyse the clinical, laboratory, and molecular characteristics. They were followed clinically to observe their remission status. Results: Seven patients were found to have SCN mutations, including ELANE and G6PC3. Among 26 patients with close follow-up, one died for an unknown reason, and 10 resolved spontaneously with a median neutropenia duration of 14.5 months; these patients were designated as having recovered SN. The demographic characteristics of both groups were similar, with a median infection rate of 5 times/year. SCN patients had more frequent infection than recovered SN patients (4 times/year, P = 0.039). The median absolute neutrophil count (ANC) was 0.40 × 109/L in SCN patients, which was significantly higher than 0.2 × 109/L in SN with unknown etiology and 0.21 × 109/L in recovered SN patients (P = 0.021, P = 0.017). The median monocyte count was 1.60 × 109/L in SCN patients, which was also significantly higher than 0.57 × 109/L in SN of unknown etiology and 0.55 × 109/L in recovered SN patients (P = 0.018, P = 0.001). Bone marrow examinations demonstrated myeloid maturation arrest at the myelocyte-metamyelocyte stage in SCN patients and normal findings in SN with unknown etiology and recovered SN patients. Conclusions: Patients with severe neutropenia due to gene mutations demonstrate more serious symptoms than patients with unknown etiology. Patients with relatively higher ANC and monocyte counts are more likely to have known gene mutations. Future studies should focus on more detailed laboratory investigation, prolonged follow-up and advanced molecular biology tools to facilitate accurate diagnosis and effective treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruo-Lan Gong
- Division of the Institute of Pediatric Translational Medicine, Department of Allergy and Immunology, Shanghai Childrens Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Division of the Institute of Pediatric Translational Medicine, Department of Allergy and Immunology, Shanghai Childrens Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tong-Xin Chen
- Division of the Institute of Pediatric Translational Medicine, Department of Allergy and Immunology, Shanghai Childrens Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Zeng Y, Lv Y, Tao L, Ma J, Zhang H, Xu H, Xiao B, Shi Q, Ma K, Chen L. G6PC3, ALDOA and CS induction accompanies mir-122 down-regulation in the mechanical asphyxia and can serve as hypoxia biomarkers. Oncotarget 2017; 7:74526-74536. [PMID: 27793029 PMCID: PMC5342684 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia influences different cellular biological processes. To reveal the dynamics of hypoxia's effects on miRNA regulation in vivo, we examined the expression levels of all miRNAs in human brain and heart specimens from cases of mechanical asphyxia compared with those from cases of craniocerebral injury and hemorrhagic shock. We further validated differently expressed miRNAs in another 84 human specimens and rat models. We found that mir-122 was significantly down-regulated and that its putative targets G6PC3, ALDOA and CS were increased in the brain and cardiac tissues in cases of mechanical asphyxia compared with craniocerebral injury and hemorrhagic shock. Our data indicate that mir-122 and its targets G6PC3, ALDOA and CS play roles in the hypoxia responses that regulate glucose and energy metabolism and can serve as hypoxia biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zeng
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yehui Lv
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Tao
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianlong Ma
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Heng Zhang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Department of Physiology & Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongmei Xu
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Bi Xiao
- Forensic Laboratory, Criminal Science and Technology Institute, Shanghai Public Security Bureau, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Qun Shi
- Forensic Laboratory, Criminal Science and Technology Institute, Shanghai Public Security Bureau, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaijun Ma
- Forensic Laboratory, Criminal Science and Technology Institute, Shanghai Public Security Bureau, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Long Chen
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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10
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Mistry A, Scambler T, Parry D, Wood M, Barcenas-Morales G, Carter C, Doffinger R, Savic S. Glucose-6-Phosphatase Catalytic Subunit 3 ( G6PC3) Deficiency Associated With Autoinflammatory Complications. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1485. [PMID: 29163546 PMCID: PMC5681747 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
G6PC3 deficiency typically causes severe congenital neutropenia, associated with susceptibility to infections, cardiac and urogenital abnormalities. However, here we describe two boys of Pakistani origin who were found to have G6PC3 deficiency due to c.130 C>T mutation, but who have clinical phenotypes that are typical for a systemic autoinflammatory syndrome. The index case presented with combination of unexplained fevers, severe mucosal ulcers, abdominal symptoms, and inflammatory arthritis. He eventually fully responded to anti-TNF therapy. In this study, we show that compared with healthy controls, neutrophils and monocytes from patients have reduced glycolytic reserve. Considering that healthy myeloid cells have been shown to switch their metabolic pathways to glycolysis in response to inflammatory cues, we studied what impact this might have on production of the inflammatory cytokines. We have demonstrated that patients’ monocytes, in response to lipopolysaccharide, show significantly increased production of IL-1β and IL-18, which is NLRP3 inflammasome dependent. Furthermore, additional whole blood assays have also shown an enhanced production of IL-6 and TNF from the patients’ cells. These cases provide further proof that autoinflammatory complications are also seen within the spectrum of primary immune deficiencies, and resulting from a wider dysregulation of the immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anoop Mistry
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Scambler
- National Institute for Health Research-Leeds Biomedical Research Centre (NIHR-LMBRU), Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine (LIRMM), St James's University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - David Parry
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Wood
- Department of Paediatrics Rheumatology, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Gabriela Barcenas-Morales
- Laboratorio de Inmunologia, FES-Cuautitlan, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Clive Carter
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Rainer Doffinger
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Sinisa Savic
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom.,National Institute for Health Research-Leeds Biomedical Research Centre (NIHR-LMBRU), Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine (LIRMM), St James's University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom
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11
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Al-Daghri NM, Pontremoli C, Cagliani R, Forni D, Alokail MS, Al-Attas OS, Sabico S, Riva S, Clerici M, Sironi M. Susceptibility to type 2 diabetes may be modulated by haplotypes in G6PC2, a target of positive selection. BMC Evol Biol 2017; 17:43. [PMID: 28173748 PMCID: PMC5297017 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-017-0897-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The endoplasmic reticulum enzyme glucose-6-phosphatase catalyzes the common terminal reaction in the gluconeogenic/glycogenolytic pathways and plays a central role in glucose homeostasis. In most mammals, different G6PC subunits are encoded by three paralogous genes (G6PC, G6PC2, and G6PC3). Mutations in G6PC and G6PC3 are responsible for human mendelian diseases, whereas variants in G6PC2 are associated with fasting glucose (FG) levels. RESULTS We analyzed the evolutionary history of G6Pase genes. Results indicated that the three paralogs originated during early vertebrate evolution and that negative selection was the major force shaping diversity at these genes in mammals. Nonetheless, site-wise estimation of evolutionary rates at corresponding sites revealed weak correlations, suggesting that mammalian G6Pases have evolved different structural features over time. We also detected pervasive positive selection at mammalian G6PC2. Most selected residues localize in the C-terminal protein region, where several human variants associated with FG levels also map. This region was re-sequenced in ~560 subjects from Saudi Arabia, 185 of whom suffering from type 2 diabetes (T2D). The frequency of rare missense and nonsense variants was not significantly different in T2D and controls. Association analysis with two common missense variants (V219L and S342C) revealed a weak but significant association for both SNPs when analyses were conditioned on rs560887, previously identified in a GWAS for FG. Two haplotypes were significantly associated with T2D with an opposite effect direction. CONCLUSIONS We detected pervasive positive selection at mammalian G6PC2 genes and we suggest that distinct haplotypes at the G6PC2 locus modulate susceptibility to T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasser M Al-Daghri
- Biomarker research program, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud Universiy, Riyadh, 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,Prince Mutaib Chair for Biomarkers of Osteoporosis Research, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Rachele Cagliani
- Scientific Institute IRCCS E.MEDEA, Bosisio Parini, 23842, Italy
| | - Diego Forni
- Scientific Institute IRCCS E.MEDEA, Bosisio Parini, 23842, Italy
| | - Majed S Alokail
- Biomarker research program, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud Universiy, Riyadh, 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,Prince Mutaib Chair for Biomarkers of Osteoporosis Research, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Omar S Al-Attas
- Biomarker research program, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud Universiy, Riyadh, 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,Prince Mutaib Chair for Biomarkers of Osteoporosis Research, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Shaun Sabico
- Biomarker research program, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud Universiy, Riyadh, 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,Prince Mutaib Chair for Biomarkers of Osteoporosis Research, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Stefania Riva
- Scientific Institute IRCCS E.MEDEA, Bosisio Parini, 23842, Italy
| | - Mario Clerici
- Department of Physiopathology and Transplantation, University of Milan, via F.lli Cervi 93, Segrate, 20090, Milan, Italy. .,Don Gnocchi Foundation, ONLUS, Milan, 20148, Italy.
| | - Manuela Sironi
- Scientific Institute IRCCS E.MEDEA, Bosisio Parini, 23842, Italy
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12
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Lin SR, Pan CJ, Mansfield BC, Chou JY. Functional analysis of mutations in a severe congenital neutropenia syndrome caused by glucose-6-phosphatase-β deficiency. Mol Genet Metab 2015; 114:41-5. [PMID: 25492228 PMCID: PMC4794745 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2014.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Revised: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Glucose-6-phosphatase-β (G6Pase-β or G6PC3) deficiency is characterized by neutropenia and dysfunction in both neutrophils and macrophages. G6Pase-β is an enzyme embedded in the endoplasmic reticulum membrane that catalyzes the hydrolysis of glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) to glucose and phosphate. To date, 33 separate G6PC3 mutations have been identified in G6Pase-β-deficient patients but only the p.R253H and p.G260R missense mutations have been characterized functionally for pathogenicity. Here we functionally characterize 16 of the 19 known missense mutations using a sensitive assay, based on a recombinant adenoviral vector-mediated expression system, to demonstrate pathogenicity. Fourteen missense mutations completely abolish G6Pase-β enzymatic activity while the p.S139I and p.R189Q mutations retain 49% and 45%, respectively of wild type G6Pase-β activity. A database of residual enzymatic activity retained by the G6Pase-β mutations will serve as a reference for evaluating genotype-phenotype relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Ru Lin
- Section on Cellular Differentiation, Program on Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Chi-Jiunn Pan
- Section on Cellular Differentiation, Program on Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Brian C Mansfield
- Section on Cellular Differentiation, Program on Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Foundation Fighting Blindness, Columbia, MD 21046, USA
| | - Janice Yang Chou
- Section on Cellular Differentiation, Program on Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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13
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Eghbali A, Eshghi P, Malek F, Rezaei N. Cardiac and renal malformations in a patient with sepsis and severe congenital neutropenia. Iran J Pediatr 2010; 20:225-8. [PMID: 23056709 PMCID: PMC3446020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2009] [Revised: 10/15/2009] [Accepted: 10/21/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND G6PC3 deficiency is a new neutropenic syndrome, which is characterized by severe persistent neutropenia, early onset infections and additional organ involvement, especially cardiac and urogenital malformations. CASE PRESENTATION In this report, we present the clinical details of a recently known case of severe congenital neutropenia (SCN) with G6PC3 mutation, who experienced the first episode of infections at birth. Repeated absolute neutrophil count of less than 500/µl was detected during work-up of sepsis in the first month of life. SCN was diagnosed and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (GCSF) administration initiated. Bone marrow examination revealed maturation arrest in myeloid series at promyelocyte-myelocyte stage. Diarrhea, bronchiolitis, and urinary tract infection were other infectious complications, while hydronephrosis, atrial septal defect, and patent ductus arteriosus were other manifestations. CONCLUSION Prompt and accurate diagnosis of neutropenic patients and appropriate treatment can prevent further complications and improve the quality of life of the affected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aziz Eghbali
- Department of Pediatric Hematology- Oncology, Mofid Children's Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran,Corresponding Author:Address: Department of Pediatric Hematology- Oncology, Mofid Children's Hospital, Tehran, Iran. E-mail:
| | - Peyman Eshghi
- Department of Pediatric Hematology- Oncology, Mofid Children's Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Fatemeh Malek
- Department of Pediatric Hematology- Oncology, Mofid Children's Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Growth and Development Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran, IR Iran
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