1
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Tehrani SS, Mikulski P, Abdul-Zani I, Mata JF, Siwek W, Jansen LE. STAT1 is required to establish but not maintain interferon-γ-induced transcriptional memory. EMBO J 2023:e112259. [PMID: 37272165 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2022112259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure of human cells to interferon-γ (IFNγ) results in a mitotically heritable yet reversible state called long-term transcriptional memory. We previously identified the clustered GBP genes as strongly primed by IFNγ. Here, we discovered that in primed cells, both interferon-responsive transcription factors STAT1 and IRF1 target chromatin with accelerated kinetics upon re-exposure to IFNγ, specifically at promotors of primed genes. Priming does not alter the degree of IFNγ-induced STAT1 activation or nuclear import, indicating that memory does not alter upstream JAK-STAT signaling. We found STAT1 to be critical to establish transcriptional memory but in a manner that is independent of mere transcription activation. Interestingly, while Serine 727 phosphorylation of STAT1 was maintained during the primed state, STAT1 is not required for the heritability of GBP gene memory. Our results suggest that the memory of interferon exposure constitutes a STAT1-mediated, heritable state that is established during priming. This renders GBP genes poised for subsequent STAT1 and IRF1 binding and accelerated gene activation upon a secondary interferon exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Sh Tehrani
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Pawel Mikulski
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Izma Abdul-Zani
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - João F Mata
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Wojciech Siwek
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Lars Et Jansen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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2
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Wu M, An R, Zhou N, Chen Y, Cai H, Yan Q, Wang R, Luo Q, Yu L, Chen L, Du J. Toxoplasma gondii CDPK3 Controls the Intracellular Proliferation of Parasites in Macrophages. Front Immunol 2022; 13:905142. [PMID: 35757711 PMCID: PMC9226670 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.905142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferon-γ (IFN-γ)-activated macrophages restrain the replication of intracellular parasites and disrupt the integrity of vacuolar pathogens. The growth of the less virulent type II strain of Toxoplasma gondii (such as ME49) was strongly inhibited by IFN-γ-activated murine macrophages. However, the mechanism of resistance is poorly understood. Immunity-related GTPases (IRGs) as well as guanylate-binding proteins (GBPs) contributed to this antiparasitic effect. Previous studies showed the cassette of autophagy-related proteins including Atg7, Atg3, and Atg12-Atg5-Atg16L1 complex, plays crucial roles in the proper targeting of IFN-γ effectors onto the parasitophorous vacuole (PV) membrane of Toxoplasma gondii and subsequent control of parasites. TgCDPK3 is a calcium dependent protein kinase, located on the parasite periphery, plays a crucial role in parasite egress. Herein, we show that the less virulent strain CDPK3 (ME49, type II) can enhance autophagy activation and interacts with host autophagy proteins Atg3 and Atg5. Infection with CDPK3-deficient ME49 strain resulted in decreased localization of IRGs and GBPs around PV membrane. In vitro proliferation and plaque assays showed that CDPK3-deficient ME49 strain replicated significantly more quickly than wild-type parasites. These data suggested that TgCDPK3 interacts with the host Atg3 and Atg5 to promote the localization of IRGs and GBPs around PV membrane and inhibits the intracellular proliferation of parasites, which is beneficial to the less virulent strain of Toxoplasma gondii long-term latency in host cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minmin Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,The Research Center for Infectious Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,The Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonoses of High Institutions of Anhui, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,The Key Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Ran An
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,The Research Center for Infectious Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,The Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonoses of High Institutions of Anhui, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,The Key Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Nan Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,The Research Center for Infectious Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,The Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonoses of High Institutions of Anhui, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,The Key Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,The Research Center for Infectious Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,The Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonoses of High Institutions of Anhui, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,School of Nursing, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Haijian Cai
- The Research Center for Infectious Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,The Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonoses of High Institutions of Anhui, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Qi Yan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,The Research Center for Infectious Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,The Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonoses of High Institutions of Anhui, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,The Key Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Ru Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,The Research Center for Infectious Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,The Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonoses of High Institutions of Anhui, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,The Key Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Qingli Luo
- The Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonoses of High Institutions of Anhui, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,The Key Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Li Yu
- The Research Center for Infectious Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,The Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonoses of High Institutions of Anhui, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,The Key Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Lijian Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jian Du
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,The Research Center for Infectious Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,The Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonoses of High Institutions of Anhui, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,The Key Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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3
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Dockterman J, Fee BE, Taylor GA, Coers J. Murine Irgm Paralogs Regulate Nonredundant Functions To Execute Host Defense to Toxoplasma gondii. Infect Immun 2021; 89:e0020221. [PMID: 34338548 PMCID: PMC8519265 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00202-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Gamma interferon (IFN-γ)-induced immunity-related GTPases (IRGs) confer cell-autonomous immunity to the intracellular protozoan pathogen Toxoplasma gondii. Effector IRGs are loaded onto the Toxoplasma-containing parasitophorous vacuole (PV), where they recruit ubiquitin ligases, ubiquitin-binding proteins, and IFN-γ-inducible guanylate-binding proteins (Gbps), prompting PV lysis and parasite destruction. Host cells lacking the regulatory IRGs Irgm1 and Irgm3 fail to load effector IRGs, ubiquitin, and Gbps onto the PV and are consequently defective for cell-autonomous immunity to Toxoplasma. However, the role of the third regulatory IRG, Irgm2, in cell-autonomous immunity to Toxoplasma has remained unexplored. Here, we report that Irgm2 unexpectedly plays a limited role in the targeting of effector IRGs, ubiquitin, and Gbps to the Toxoplasma PV. Instead, Irgm2 is instrumental in the decoration of PVs with γ-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein-like 2 (GabarapL2). Cells lacking Irgm2 are as defective for cell-autonomous host defense to Toxoplasma as pan-Irgm-/- cells lacking all three Irgm proteins, and Irgm2-/- mice succumb to Toxoplasma infections as readily as pan-Irgm-/- mice. These findings demonstrate that, relative to Irgm1 and Irgm3, Irgm2 plays a distinct but critically important role in host resistance to Toxoplasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Dockterman
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Brian E. Fee
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Health Care Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Departments of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, and Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Gregory A. Taylor
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Health Care Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Departments of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, and Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jörn Coers
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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4
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Kutsch M, Coers J. Human guanylate binding proteins: nanomachines orchestrating host defense. FEBS J 2021; 288:5826-5849. [PMID: 33314740 PMCID: PMC8196077 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Disease-causing microorganisms not only breach anatomical barriers and invade tissues but also frequently enter host cells, nutrient-enriched environments amenable to support parasitic microbial growth. Protection from many infectious diseases is therefore reliant on the ability of individual host cells to combat intracellular infections through the execution of cell-autonomous defense programs. Central players in human cell-autonomous immunity are members of the family of dynamin-related guanylate binding proteins (GBPs). The importance of these interferon-inducible GTPases in host defense to viral, bacterial, and protozoan pathogens has been established for some time; only recently, cell biological and biochemical studies that largely focused on the prenylated paralogs GBP1, GBP2, and GBP5 have provided us with robust molecular frameworks for GBP-mediated immunity. Specifically, the recent characterization of GBP1 as a bona fide pattern recognition receptor for bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) disrupting the integrity of bacterial outer membranes through LPS aggregation, the discovery of a link between hydrolysis-induced GMP production by GBP1 and inflammasome activation, and the classification of GBP2 and GBP5 as inhibitors of viral envelope glycoprotein processing via suppression of the host endoprotease furin have paved the way for a vastly improved conceptual understanding of the molecular mechanisms by which GBP nanomachines execute cell-autonomous immunity. The herein discussed models incorporate our current knowledge of the antimicrobial, proinflammatory, and biochemical properties of human GBPs and thereby provide testable hypotheses that will guide future studies into the intricacies of GBP-controlled host defense and their role in human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Kutsch
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 22710, USA
| | - Jörn Coers
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 22710, USA
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 22710, USA
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5
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Abstract
Innate immunity is the first line of host defense against viral infection. After invading into the cells, pathogen-associated-molecular-patterns derived from viruses are recognized by pattern recognition receptors to activate the downstream signaling pathways to induce the production of type I interferons (IFN-I) and inflammatory cytokines, which play critical functions in the host antiviral innate immune responses. Guanylate-binding proteins (GBPs) are IFN-inducible antiviral effectors belonging to the guanosine triphosphatases family. In addition to exerting direct antiviral functions against certain viruses, a few GBPs also exhibit regulatory roles on the host antiviral innate immunity. However, our understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms of GBPs' roles in viral infection and host antiviral innate immune signaling is still very limited. Therefore, here we present an updated overview of the functions of GBPs during viral infection and in antiviral innate immunity, and highlight discrepancies in reported findings and current challenges for future studies, which will advance our understanding of the functions of GBPs and provide a scientific and theoretical basis for the regulation of antiviral innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongzhao Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.,State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Zhixin Li
- Fuzhou Medical College of Nanchang University, Fuzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yan-Dong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Chenhe Su
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
| | - Chunfu Zheng
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China. .,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
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6
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Sistemich L, Dimitrov Stanchev L, Kutsch M, Roux A, Günther Pomorski T, Herrmann C. Structural requirements for membrane binding of human guanylate-binding protein 1. FEBS J 2021; 288:4098-4114. [PMID: 33405388 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Human guanylate-binding protein 1 (hGBP1) is a key player in innate immunity and fights diverse intracellular microbial pathogens. Its antimicrobial functions depend on hGBP1's GTP binding- and hydrolysis-induced abilities to form large, structured polymers and to attach to lipid membranes. Crucial for both of these biochemical features is the nucleotide-controlled release of the C terminally located farnesyl moiety. Here, we address molecular details of the hGBP1 membrane binding mechanism by employing recombinant, fluorescently labeled hGBP1, and artificial membranes. We demonstrate the importance of the GTPase activity and the resulting structural rearrangement of the hGBP1 molecule, which we term the open state. This open state is supported and stabilized by homodimer contacts involving the middle domain of the protein and is further stabilized by binding to the lipid bilayer surface. We show that on the surface of the lipid bilayer a hGBP1 monolayer is built in a pins in a pincushion-like arrangement with the farnesyl tail integrated in the membrane and the N-terminal GTPase domain facing outwards. We suggest that similar intramolecular contacts between neighboring hGBP1 molecules are responsible for both polymer formation and monolayer formation on lipid membranes. Finally, we show that tethering of large unilamellar vesicles occurs after the vesicle surface is fully covered by the monolayer. Both hGBP1 polymer formation and hGBP1-induced vesicle tethering have implications for understanding the molecular mechanism of combating bacterial pathogens. DATABASES: Structural data are available in RCSB Protein Data Bank under the accession numbers: 6K1Z, 2D4H.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Sistemich
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Physical Chemistry I, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Lyubomir Dimitrov Stanchev
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Molecular Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.,Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Miriam Kutsch
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Physical Chemistry I, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.,Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Aurélien Roux
- Biochemistry Department, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Günther Pomorski
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Molecular Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.,Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Christian Herrmann
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Physical Chemistry I, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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7
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Sistemich L, Kutsch M, Hämisch B, Zhang P, Shydlovskyi S, Britzen-Laurent N, Stürzl M, Huber K, Herrmann C. The Molecular Mechanism of Polymer Formation of Farnesylated Human Guanylate-binding Protein 1. J Mol Biol 2020; 432:2164-2185. [PMID: 32087202 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2020.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The human guanylate-binding protein 1 (hGBP1) belongs to the dynamin superfamily proteins and represents a key player in the innate immune response. Farnesylation at the C-terminus is required for hGBP1's activity against microbial pathogens, as well as for its antiproliferative and antitumor activity. The farnesylated hGBP1 (hGBP1fn) retains many characteristics of the extensively studied nonfarnesylated protein and gains additional abilities like binding to lipid membranes and formation of hGBP1fn polymers. These polymers are believed to serve as a protein depot, making the enzyme immediately available to fight the invasion of intracellular pathogens. Here we study the molecular mechanism of hGBP1 polymer formation as it is a crucial state of this enzyme, allowing for a rapid response demanded by the biological function. We employ Förster resonance energy transfer in order to trace intra and intermolecular distance changes of protein domains. Light scattering techniques yield deep insights into the changes in size and shape. The GTP hydrolysis driven cycling between a closed, farnesyl moiety hidden state and an opened, farnesyl moiety exposed state represents the first phase, preparing the molecule for polymerization. Within the second phase of polymer growth, opened hGBP1 molecules can be incorporated in the growing polymer where the opened structure is stabilized, similar to a surfactant molecule in a micelle, pointing the farnesyl moieties into the hydrophobic center and positioning the head groups at the periphery of the polymer. We contribute the molecular mechanism of polymer formation, paving the ground for a detailed understanding of hGBP1 function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Sistemich
- Physical Chemistry I, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Miriam Kutsch
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC27710, USA
| | - Benjamin Hämisch
- Chemistry Department, University of Paderborn, 33098, Paderborn, Germany
| | - Ping Zhang
- Physical Chemistry I, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | | | - Nathalie Britzen-Laurent
- Division of Molecular and Experimental Surgery, Translational Research Center, Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Stürzl
- Division of Molecular and Experimental Surgery, Translational Research Center, Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Klaus Huber
- Chemistry Department, University of Paderborn, 33098, Paderborn, Germany
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8
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Liu BC, Sarhan J, Panda A, Muendlein HI, Ilyukha V, Coers J, Yamamoto M, Isberg RR, Poltorak A. Constitutive Interferon Maintains GBP Expression Required for Release of Bacterial Components Upstream of Pyroptosis and Anti-DNA Responses. Cell Rep 2018; 24:155-168.e5. [PMID: 29972777 PMCID: PMC6063733 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Legionella pneumophila elicits caspase-11-driven macrophage pyroptosis through guanylate-binding proteins (GBPs) encoded on chromosome 3. It has been proposed that microbe-driven IFN upregulates GBPs to facilitate pathogen vacuole rupture and bacteriolysis preceding caspase-11 activation. We show here that macrophage death occurred independently of microbial-induced IFN signaling and that GBPs are dispensable for pathogen vacuole rupture. Instead, the host-intrinsic IFN status sustained sufficient GBP expression levels to drive caspase-1 and caspase-11 activation in response to cytosol-exposed bacteria. In addition, endogenous GBP levels were sufficient for the release of DNA from cytosol-exposed bacteria, preceding the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase/stimulator of interferon genes (cGAS/STING) pathway for Ifnb induction. Mice deficient for chromosome 3 GBPs were unable to mount a rapid IL-1/chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 (CXCL1) response during Legionella-induced pneumonia, with defective bacterial clearance. Our results show that rapid GBP activity is controlled by host-intrinsic cytokine signaling and that GBP activities precede immune amplification responses, including IFN induction, inflammasome activation, and cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beiyun C Liu
- Graduate Program in Immunology, Tufts University Sackler School of Biomedical Sciences, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Joseph Sarhan
- Graduate Program in Immunology, Tufts University Sackler School of Biomedical Sciences, Boston, MA 02111, USA; MSTP, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | | | - Hayley I Muendlein
- Graduate Program in Genetics, Tufts University Sackler School of Biomedical Sciences, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Vladimir Ilyukha
- Petrozavodsk State University, Republic of Karelia, Russian Federation
| | - Jörn Coers
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, and Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Masahiro Yamamoto
- Department of Immunoparasitology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ralph R Isberg
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston MA, USA; Department of Molecular Biology & Microbiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
| | - Alexander Poltorak
- Petrozavodsk State University, Republic of Karelia, Russian Federation; Department of Immunology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
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9
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Zwack EE, Feeley EM, Burton AR, Hu B, Yamamoto M, Kanneganti TD, Bliska JB, Coers J, Brodsky IE. Guanylate Binding Proteins Regulate Inflammasome Activation in Response to Hyperinjected Yersinia Translocon Components. Infect Immun 2017; 85:e00778-16. [PMID: 28784930 DOI: 10.1128/IAI.00778-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Gram-negative bacterial pathogens utilize virulence-associated secretion systems to inject, or translocate, effector proteins into host cells to manipulate cellular processes and promote bacterial replication. However, translocated bacterial products are sensed by nucleotide binding domain and leucine-rich repeat-containing proteins (NLRs), which trigger the formation of a multiprotein complex called the inflammasome, leading to secretion of interleukin-1 (IL-1) family cytokines, pyroptosis, and control of pathogen replication. Pathogenic Yersinia bacteria inject effector proteins termed Yops, as well as pore-forming proteins that comprise the translocon itself, into target cells. The Yersinia translocation regulatory protein YopK promotes bacterial virulence by limiting hyperinjection of the translocon proteins YopD and YopB into cells, thereby limiting cellular detection of Yersinia virulence activity. How hyperinjection of translocon proteins leads to inflammasome activation is currently unknown. We found that translocated YopB and YopD colocalized with the late endosomal/lysosomal protein LAMP1 and that the frequency of YopD and LAMP1 association correlated with the level of caspase-1 activation in individual cells. We also observed colocalization between YopD and Galectin-3, an indicator of endosomal membrane damage. Intriguingly, YopK limited the colocalization of Galectin-3 with YopD, suggesting that YopK limits the induction or sensing of endosomal membrane damage by components of the type III secretion system (T3SS) translocon. Furthermore, guanylate binding proteins (GBPs) encoded on chromosome 3 (GbpChr3 ), which respond to pathogen-induced damage or alteration of host membranes, were necessary for inflammasome activation in response to hyperinjected YopB/-D. Our findings indicate that lysosomal damage by Yersinia translocon proteins promotes inflammasome activation and implicate GBPs as key regulators of this process.
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10
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Shydlovskyi S, Zienert AY, Ince S, Dovengerds C, Hohendahl A, Dargazanli JM, Blum A, Günther SD, Kladt N, Stürzl M, Schauss AC, Kutsch M, Roux A, Praefcke GJK, Herrmann C. Nucleotide-dependent farnesyl switch orchestrates polymerization and membrane binding of human guanylate-binding protein 1. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E5559-68. [PMID: 28645896 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1620959114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Dynamin-like proteins (DLPs) mediate various membrane fusion and fission processes within the cell, which often require the polymerization of DLPs. An IFN-inducible family of DLPs, the guanylate-binding proteins (GBPs), is involved in antimicrobial and antiviral responses within the cell. Human guanylate-binding protein 1 (hGBP1), the founding member of GBPs, is also engaged in the regulation of cell adhesion and migration. Here, we show how the GTPase cycle of farnesylated hGBP1 (hGBP1F) regulates its self-assembly and membrane interaction. Using vesicles of various sizes as a lipid bilayer model, we show GTP-dependent membrane binding of hGBP1F In addition, we demonstrate nucleotide-dependent tethering ability of hGBP1F Furthermore, we report nucleotide-dependent polymerization of hGBP1F, which competes with membrane binding of the protein. Our results show that hGBP1F acts as a nucleotide-controlled molecular switch by modulating the accessibility of its farnesyl moiety, which does not require any supportive proteins.
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11
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Ingram JP, Brodsky IE, Balachandran S. Interferon-γ in Salmonella pathogenesis: New tricks for an old dog. Cytokine 2016; 98:27-32. [PMID: 27773552 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2016.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Salmonella enterica is a facultative intracellular bacterium that is the leading cause of food borne illnesses in humans. The cytokine IFN-γ has well-established antibacterial properties against Salmonella and other intracellular microbes, for example its capacity to activate macrophages, promote phagocytosis, and destroy phagocytosed microbes by free radical-driven toxification of phagosomes. But IFN-γ induces the expression of hundreds of uncharacterized genes, suggesting that this cytokine deploys additional antimicrobial strategies that await discovery. Recently, one such mechanism, mediated by a family of IFN-inducible small GTPases called Guanylate Binding Proteins (GBPs) has been uncovered. GBPs were shown to facilitate the pyroptotic clearance of Salmonella from infected macrophages by rupturing the protective intracellular vacuole this microbe forms around itself. Once this protective vacuole is lost, exposed Salmonella activates pyroptosis, which destroys the infected cell. In this review, we summarize such emerging roles for IFN-γ in restricting Salmonella pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin P Ingram
- Blood Cell Development and Function Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, United States
| | - Igor E Brodsky
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Siddharth Balachandran
- Blood Cell Development and Function Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, United States.
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Man SM, Karki R, Sasai M, Place DE, Kesavardhana S, Temirov J, Frase S, Zhu Q, Malireddi RKS, Kuriakose T, Peters JL, Neale G, Brown SA, Yamamoto M, Kanneganti TD. IRGB10 Liberates Bacterial Ligands for Sensing by the AIM2 and Caspase-11-NLRP3 Inflammasomes. Cell 2016; 167:382-396.e17. [PMID: 27693356 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2016.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Revised: 07/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The inflammasome is an intracellular signaling complex, which on recognition of pathogens and physiological aberration, drives activation of caspase-1, pyroptosis, and the release of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18. Bacterial ligands must secure entry into the cytoplasm to activate inflammasomes; however, the mechanisms by which concealed ligands are liberated in the cytoplasm have remained unclear. Here, we showed that the interferon-inducible protein IRGB10 is essential for activation of the DNA-sensing AIM2 inflammasome by Francisella novicida and contributed to the activation of the LPS-sensing caspase-11 and NLRP3 inflammasome by Gram-negative bacteria. IRGB10 directly targeted cytoplasmic bacteria through a mechanism requiring guanylate-binding proteins. Localization of IRGB10 to the bacterial cell membrane compromised bacterial structural integrity and mediated cytosolic release of ligands for recognition by inflammasome sensors. Overall, our results reveal IRGB10 as part of a conserved signaling hub at the interface between cell-autonomous immunity and innate immune sensing pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Ming Man
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Rajendra Karki
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Miwa Sasai
- Department of Immunoparasitology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Laboratory of Immunoparasitology, World Premier International Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - David E Place
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Sannula Kesavardhana
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Jamshid Temirov
- Department of Cellular Imaging Shared Resource, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Sharon Frase
- Cell and Tissue Imaging Center, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Qifan Zhu
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; Integrated Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | | | - Teneema Kuriakose
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Jennifer L Peters
- Department of Cellular Imaging Shared Resource, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Geoffrey Neale
- Hartwell Center for Bioinformatics & Biotechnology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Scott A Brown
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Masahiro Yamamoto
- Department of Immunoparasitology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Laboratory of Immunoparasitology, World Premier International Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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Man SM, Place DE, Kuriakose T, Kanneganti TD. Interferon-inducible guanylate-binding proteins at the interface of cell-autonomous immunity and inflammasome activation. J Leukoc Biol 2016; 101:143-150. [PMID: 27418355 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.4mr0516-223r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Revised: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Guanylate-binding proteins (GBPs) are essential components of cell-autonomous immunity. In response to IFN signaling, GBPs are expressed in the cytoplasm of immune and nonimmune cells, where they unleash their antimicrobial activity toward intracellular bacteria, viruses, and parasites. Recent studies have revealed that GBPs are essential for mediating activation of the caspase-1 inflammasome in response to the gram-negative bacteria Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, Francisella novicida, Chlamydia muridarum, Chlamydia trachomatis, Legionella pneumophila, Vibrio cholerae, Enterobacter cloacae, and Citrobacter koseri During infection with vacuolar-restricted gram-negative bacteria, GBPs disrupt the vacuolar membrane to ensure liberation of LPS for cytoplasmic detection by caspase-11 and the noncanonical NLRP3 inflammasome. In response to certain cytosolic bacteria, GBPs liberate microbial DNA for activation of the DNA-sensing AIM2 inflammasome. GBPs also promote the recruitment of antimicrobial proteins, including NADPH oxidase subunits and autophagy-associated proteins to the Mycobacterium-containing vacuole to mediate intracellular bacterial killing. Here, we provide an overview on the emerging relationship between GBPs and activation of the inflammasome in innate immunity to microbial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Ming Man
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - David E Place
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Teneema Kuriakose
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
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Haldar AK, Foltz C, Finethy R, Piro AS, Feeley EM, Pilla-Moffett DM, Komatsu M, Frickel EM, Coers J. Ubiquitin systems mark pathogen-containing vacuoles as targets for host defense by guanylate binding proteins. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:E5628-37. [PMID: 26417105 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1515966112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Many microbes create and maintain pathogen-containing vacuoles (PVs) as an intracellular niche permissive for microbial growth and survival. The destruction of PVs by IFNγ-inducible guanylate binding protein (GBP) and immunity-related GTPase (IRG) host proteins is central to a successful immune response directed against numerous PV-resident pathogens. However, the mechanism by which IRGs and GBPs cooperatively detect and destroy PVs is unclear. We find that host cell priming with IFNγ prompts IRG-dependent association of Toxoplasma- and Chlamydia-containing vacuoles with ubiquitin through regulated translocation of the E3 ubiquitin ligase tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor associated factor 6 (TRAF6). This initial ubiquitin labeling elicits p62-mediated escort and deposition of GBPs to PVs, thereby conferring cell-autonomous immunity. Hypervirulent strains of Toxoplasma gondii evade this process via specific rhoptry protein kinases that inhibit IRG function, resulting in blockage of downstream PV ubiquitination and GBP delivery. Our results define a ubiquitin-centered mechanism by which host cells deliver GBPs to PVs and explain how hypervirulent parasites evade GBP-mediated immunity.
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