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An NTK, Van Hien N, Thi Thuy N, Lan Phuong D, Gia Bach H, Tra NT, Quang Tung N, Tham PT, Tai BH, Thu Thuy TT. Garcicowanones C-E, three new hydrated-geranylated xanthones from the roots of Garcinia cowa Roxb. ex Choisy, and their α-glucosidase inhibition activities. Nat Prod Res 2023; 37:3668-3676. [PMID: 35856477 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2022.2098956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Three new xanthones, garcicowanones C-E (1 - 3), and six known xanthones (4 - 9) were isolated from the roots of Garcinia cowa Roxb. ex Choisy. Their chemical structures were determined using spectroscopic technics, including HR-ESI-MS and 2 D NMR. All isolated compounds were evaluated for in vitro α-glucosidase inhibition. Cowanol (6) and norcowanin (8) had the most potent α-glucosidase inhibitory activity, with respective IC50 values of 33.5 ± 0.8 and 17.2 ± 0.3 µM, compared with the positive control, acarbose (IC50 257.3 ± 4.8 µM).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nguyen Thi Thuy
- Institute of Natural Products Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Vietnam
| | - Doan Lan Phuong
- Institute of Natural Products Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Vietnam
| | - Ha Gia Bach
- Faculty of Chemistry, VNU University of Science, VNU, Hanoi, Hoan Kiem, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | | | - Pham Thi Tham
- Hanoi University of Industry, Bac Tu Liem, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Bui Huu Tai
- Institute of Marine Biochemistry, VAST, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Tran Thi Thu Thuy
- Institute of Natural Products Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Vietnam
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Kaennakam S, Sukandar ER, Phasuthan P, Yahuafai J, Onsrisawat P, Mulya F, Parasuk V, Phuwapraisirisan P, Tip-Pyang S. Garcowacinols A-J, cytotoxic polyprenylated benzoylphloroglucinol derivatives from the twigs of Garcinia cowa. Phytochemistry 2023; 209:113622. [PMID: 36849096 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2023.113622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Ten undescribed polyprenylated benzoylphloroglucinol derivatives named garcowacinols A‒J (1-10) and four known analogues (11-14) were isolated from the twigs of Garcinia cowa. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic data analysis (1D and 2D NMR and HRESIMS), and their absolute configurations were established based on NOESY and ECD data. All isolated compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxicity against five types of human cancer cells (KB, HeLa S3, MCF-7, Hep G2, and HT-29) as well as Vero cells by MTT colorimetric assay. Garcowacinol C was significantly active against all the five cancer cells with IC50 values in the range of 0.61-9.50 μM. Selective proliferative inhibitions were observed on garcowacinol F and 7-epiclusianone against KB cells, and guttiferone Q toward MCF-7 cells with IC50 values less than 10 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sutin Kaennakam
- Department of Agro-Industrial, Food, and Environmental Technology, Faculty of Applied Science, King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok (KMUTNB), Bangkok, 10800, Thailand.
| | - Edwin R Sukandar
- Center of Excellence in Natural Products Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Pattama Phasuthan
- Department of Agro-Industrial, Food, and Environmental Technology, Faculty of Applied Science, King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok (KMUTNB), Bangkok, 10800, Thailand
| | - Jantana Yahuafai
- Natural Products Research Section, Research Division, National Cancer Institute, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Prayumat Onsrisawat
- Natural Products Research Section, Research Division, National Cancer Institute, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Fadjar Mulya
- Center of Excellence in Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Vudhichai Parasuk
- Center of Excellence in Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Preecha Phuwapraisirisan
- Center of Excellence in Natural Products Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Santi Tip-Pyang
- Center of Excellence in Natural Products Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
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Chouni A, Paul S. A Comprehensive Review of the Phytochemical and Pharmacological Potential of an Evergreen Plant Garcinia cowa. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202200910. [PMID: 36628555 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202200910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Garcinia cowa of the Clusiaceae family, native to South-East Asia used in traditional medicine. It has antipyretic, antimicrobial, and many other biological activities. In this review, a thorough study of this plant's chemical constituents and pharmacological and therapeutic effects was conducted from the research articles from PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and Scopus from 1977 to 2022. Reported secondary metabolites are enriched with xanthones, phloroglucinols, depsidones, steroids, etc. α-mangostin, β-mangostin, cowaxanthone, rubraxanthone, cowanin, norcowanin, etc. represent the major xanthones. This article discusses the relationship between the different functional groups in xanthone compounds and their bioactivity against cancer, diabetes, bacteria, leishmania, malaria, and inflammation. This review is a comprehensive compendium of major bioactive molecules and its implication for human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anirban Chouni
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, West Bengal, India
| | - Santanu Paul
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, West Bengal, India
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Tran TTT, Nguyen TKA, Nguyen BN, Hoang TMN, Doan LP, Phan MG, Lee H, Kim DW, Lee JW. Six new polyoxygenated xanthones from Garcinia cowa and their neuroprotective effects on glutamate-mediated hippocampal neuronal HT22 cell death. Chem Biodivers 2022; 19:e202200376. [PMID: 35927784 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202200376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Six new polyoxygenated xanthones, garcicowanones F-H (1-3), norcowanol A-B (4-5), and garcinone F (6) along with twelve known compounds 7-18 were obtained from the latex of Garcinia cowa Roxb. ex Choisy. All new compounds have a 1,3,7-trioxygenated or 1,3,6,7-tetraoxygenated xanthone nucleus and differ from majority of xanthones from G. cowa by hydrated side chains. Compounds 1, 7, 8 and 18 exhibited significant neuroprotective effects on glutamate-mediated hippocampal neuronal HT22 cell death. In particular, compound 1 exhibited the most potent neuroprotective effect with >80% cell viability in the concentration range of 2.9-115 µM. Further studies on compound 1 showed that it decreased cellular Ca2+ influx and inhibits cellular reactive oxygen species generation in HT22 cells. A Western blot analysis showed that MAPK phosphorylation, Bax, and AIF translocation dramatically increased upon treatment with 5 mM glutamate and decreased upon a co-treatment with compound 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Thu Thuy Tran
- Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Institute of Natural Products Chemistry, 1H, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, 122045, Hanoi, VIET NAM
| | - Thi Kim An Nguyen
- Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Chemistry, 1H, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, 122045, Hanoi, VIET NAM
| | - Bao Ngoc Nguyen
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Natural Product Research Center, 679 Saimdang-ro, Gyeongpo-dong, Gangneung-si, Gangwon-do, Gangneung, KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
| | - Thi Minh Nguyet Hoang
- Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Institute of Natural Products Chemistry, 1H, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, 122045, Hanoi, VIET NAM
| | - Lan Phuong Doan
- Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Institute of Natural Products Chemistry, 1H, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, 122045, Hanoi, VIET NAM
| | - Minh Giang Phan
- Vietnam National University Hanoi, Chemistry, 334 Nguyen Trai, 122045, Hanoi, VIET NAM
| | - Heesu Lee
- Gangneung-Wonju National University, College of Dentistry, 7, Jukheon-gil, Gangneung, KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
| | - Dae Won Kim
- Gangneung-Wonju National University, College of Dentistry, 7, Jukheon-gil, Gangneung, KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
| | - Jae Wook Lee
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Natural Product Research Center, 679 Saimdang-ro, Gyeongpo-dong, Gangneung-si, Gangwon-do, Gangneung, KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
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Gupta PC, Kar A, Sharma N, Singh PK, Goswami NK, Kumar S. Protective effect of standardised fruit extract of Garcinia cowa Roxb. ex Choisy against ethanol induced gastric mucosal lesions in Wistar rats. Ann Med 2021; 53:1696-1708. [PMID: 34555996 PMCID: PMC8475150 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2021.1981548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM The fruit of Garcinia is a rich and valuable source of bioactive compounds and is traditionally used for treating wounds and ulcers. The present study was carried out to investigate the protective effect of chromatographically standardized fruit extract of Garcinia cowa (GCE) on ethanol-induced gastric lesions in rats and its possible mechanisms. METHODS The effect of GCE (200 and 400 mg/kg body weight) was evaluated by determining various gastric ulcer parameters like gastric wall mucus, non-protein sulfhydryls (NP-SH) content, microvascular permeability, endogenous antioxidant enzyme, and gastric histopathological study. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Oral administration of GCE at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg exhibited significant (p < .01) dose-dependent inhibition of ulcer index by 18.94-44.02%, respectively. Pre-treatment of rats with GCE (400 mg/kg) significantly restored the depleted gastric wall mucus level by 34.09% and NP-SH content by 33.35% induced by ethanol administration. In addition, GCE (400 mg/kg) showed a significant decrease in microvascular permeability of Evans Blue by 47.43%, rationalizing its protective effect. Furthermore, a significant increase in oxidative enzyme levels with reduction in malondialdehyde level and elevation of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was observed in the GCE treated group as compared to the ulcer control group. The histopathological assessment also confirmed the protective nature of GCE. HPTLC analysis showed the presence of 0.27%, 0.11% w/w gallic acid, and amentoflavone, respectively in GCE. The content of α-mangostin and xanthochymol in the G. cowa extract sample quantified by HPLC-PDA method was 0.72 and 8.46%, respectively. The results obtained indicate that the protective effect of GCE against gastric ulcers in rats through multiple actions confirmed by the reduction of oxidative stress and restoration of adhered gastric mucus, NP-SH content, and histological architecture.KEY MESSAGESEthanol is the most typical ulcerogenic agent and has been shown to extend the risk of ulcer in humans.Natural products are promising alternative medication for the development of new drugs to regulate gastrointestinal diseases.Garcinia cowa protects the gastric mucosa through multiple actions that include restoration of adhered gastric mucus and inhibition of lipid peroxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakash Chandra Gupta
- University Institute of Pharmacy, Chhatrapati Shahu Ji Maharaj University, Kanpur, India
| | - Ashish Kar
- Northeastern Regional Centre, The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI), Guwahati, India
| | - Nisha Sharma
- University Institute of Pharmacy, Chhatrapati Shahu Ji Maharaj University, Kanpur, India
| | - Prashant Kumar Singh
- University Institute of Pharmacy, Chhatrapati Shahu Ji Maharaj University, Kanpur, India
| | - Naba Kumar Goswami
- Northeastern Regional Centre, The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI), Guwahati, India
| | - Satyanshu Kumar
- ICAR-Directorate of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research, Boriavi, Anand, India
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Phukhatmuen P, Raksat A, Laphookhieo S, Charoensup R, Duangyod T, Maneerat W. Bioassay-guided isolation and identification of antidiabetic compounds from Garcinia cowa leaf extract. Heliyon 2020; 6:e03625. [PMID: 32368636 PMCID: PMC7184531 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Garcinia cowa Roxb. ex Choisy (Clusiaceae) is a Thai local edible plant, which has been used for the treatment of diabetes. The aim of this study is to discover and identify bioactive compounds related to antidiabetic properties from the leaf extract of G. cowa. α-Glucosidase inhibitory bioassay-guided isolation of the ethyl acetate extract of the leaves of G.cowa resulted in the isolation and identification of 11 compounds. Of these, a decahydro-1H-xanthene derivative, garciniacowone K (1), was identified as a novel compound. Their structures were characterized by spectroscopic data and by comparison of their NMR spectroscopic data with those previously reported. All compounds were evaluated for their α-glucosidase inhibitory and glucose consumption activities. Compound 2 showed the highest efficacy in inhibiting α-glucosidase enzyme and promoting glucose consumption activity by 3T3-L1 cells, with IC50 values of 0.5 μM and 13.1 μM, respectively, without causing toxicity to cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyaporn Phukhatmuen
- Center of Chemical Innovation for Sustainability (CIS) and School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
| | - Achara Raksat
- Center of Chemical Innovation for Sustainability (CIS) and School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
| | - Surat Laphookhieo
- Center of Chemical Innovation for Sustainability (CIS) and School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
| | - Rawiwan Charoensup
- School of Integrative Medicine, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand.,Medicinal Plant Innovation Center of Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
| | - Thidarat Duangyod
- School of Integrative Medicine, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand.,Medicinal Plant Innovation Center of Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
| | - Wisanu Maneerat
- Center of Chemical Innovation for Sustainability (CIS) and School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand.,Medicinal Plant Innovation Center of Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
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Xia Z, Zhang H, Xu D, Lao Y, Fu W, Tan H, Cao P, Yang L, Xu H. Xanthones from the Leaves of Garcinia cowa Induce Cell Cycle Arrest, Apoptosis, and Autophagy in Cancer Cells. Molecules 2015; 20:11387-99. [PMID: 26102071 PMCID: PMC6272390 DOI: 10.3390/molecules200611387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Revised: 06/14/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Two new xanthones, cowaxanthones G (1) and H (2), and 23 known analogues were isolated from an acetone extract of the leaves of Garcinia cowa. The isolated compounds were evaluated for cytotoxicity against three cancer cell lines and immortalized HL7702 normal liver cells, whereby compounds 1, 5, 8, and 15-17 exhibited significant cytotoxicity. Cell cycle analysis using flow cytometry showed that 5 induced cell cycle arrest at the S phase in a dose-dependent manner, 1 and 16 at the G2/M phase, and 17 at the G1 phase, while 16 and 17 induced apoptosis. Moreover, autophagy analysis by GFP-LC3 puncta formation and western blotting suggested that 17 induced autophagy. Taken together, our results suggest that these xanthones possess anticancer activities targeting cell cycle, apoptosis, and autophagy signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengxiang Xia
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
- Engineering Research Centre of Shanghai Colleges for TCM New Drug Discovery, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Hong Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
- Engineering Research Centre of Shanghai Colleges for TCM New Drug Discovery, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Danqing Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
- Engineering Research Centre of Shanghai Colleges for TCM New Drug Discovery, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Yuanzhi Lao
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
- Engineering Research Centre of Shanghai Colleges for TCM New Drug Discovery, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Wenwei Fu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
- Engineering Research Centre of Shanghai Colleges for TCM New Drug Discovery, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Hongsheng Tan
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
- Engineering Research Centre of Shanghai Colleges for TCM New Drug Discovery, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Peng Cao
- Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 100 Shizi Street, Hongshan Road, Nanjing 210028, China.
| | - Ling Yang
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Resource Discovery, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhong-shan Road, Dalian 116023, China.
| | - Hongxi Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
- Engineering Research Centre of Shanghai Colleges for TCM New Drug Discovery, Shanghai 201203, China.
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Auranwiwat C, Trisuwan K, Saiai A, Pyne SG, Ritthiwigrom T. Antibacterial tetraoxygenated xanthones from the immature fruits of Garcinia cowa. Fitoterapia 2014; 98:179-83. [PMID: 25110196 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2014.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Revised: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A phytochemical investigation of the acetone extract from the immature fruits of Garcinia cowa led to the isolation of two novel tetraoxygenated xanthones, garcicowanones A (1) and B (2), together with eight known tetraoxygeanted xanthones. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic analysis. All isolated compounds were evaluated for their antibacterial activity against Bacillus cereus TISTR 688, Bacillus subtilis TISTR 008, Micrococcus luteus TISTR 884, Staphylococcus aureus TISTR 1466, Escherichia coli TISTR 780, Pseudomonas aeruginosa TISTR 781, Salmonella typhimurium TISTR 292 and Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228. α-Mangostin showed potent activity (MIC 0.25-1 μg/mL) against three Gram-positive strains and garcicowanone A and β-mangostin exhibited strong antibacterial activity against B. cereus with the same MIC values of 0.25 μg/mL.
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Sharma A, Joseph GS, Singh RP. Antioxidant and antiplatlet aggregation properties of bark extracts of Garcinia pedunculata and Garcinia cowa. J Food Sci Technol 2014; 51:1626-31. [PMID: 25114359 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-014-1381-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The bark extracts of Garcinia pedunculata and Garcinia cowa, which are abundant in the Northeastern regions of India, were screened for their antioxidant and in vitro antiplatelet aggregating activities. By β-carotene linoleate model for antioxidant assay, acetone extract of G. pedunculata and hexane extracts of G. cowa exhibited higher antioxidant activity (86.47 and 66.94 % respectively, at 25 ppm) than other extracts. Similar pattern was observed for superoxide radical scavenging method for antioxidant assay. The ethyl acetate extract of G. pedunculata and hexane extract of G. cowa exhibited higher antiplatelet aggregation capacity towards ADP induced platelet aggregation (IC50 0.16 and 0.43 ug, respectively) than other extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anushi Sharma
- Human Resource Development Department, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, 570 020 India
| | - G S Joseph
- Human Resource Development Department, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, 570 020 India
| | - R P Singh
- Human Resource Development Department, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, 570 020 India
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