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Costa-Tuna A, Chaves OA, Almeida ZL, Cunha RS, Pina J, Serpa C. Profiling the Interaction between Human Serum Albumin and Clinically Relevant HIV Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors. Viruses 2024; 16:491. [PMID: 38675834 DOI: 10.3390/v16040491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Tenofovir (TFV) is the active form of the prodrugs tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) and tenofovir alafenamide (TAF), both clinically prescribed as HIV reverse transcriptase inhibitors. The biophysical interactions between these compounds and human serum albumin (HSA), the primary carrier of exogenous compounds in the human bloodstream, have not yet been thoroughly characterized. Thus, the present study reports the interaction profile between HSA and TFV, TDF, and TAF via UV-Vis, steady-state, and time-resolved fluorescence techniques combined with isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) and in silico calculations. A spontaneous interaction in the ground state, which does not perturb the microenvironment close to the Trp-214 residue, is classified as weak. In the case of HSA/TFV and HSA/TDF, the binding is both enthalpically and entropically driven, while for HSA/TAF, the binding is only entropically dominated. The binding constant (Ka) and thermodynamic parameters obtained via ITC assays agree with those obtained using steady-state fluorescence quenching measurements, reinforcing the reliability of the data. The small internal cavity known as site I is probably the main binding pocket for TFV due to the low steric volume of the drug. In contrast, most external sites (II and III) can better accommodate TAF due to the high steric volume of this prodrug. The cross-docking approach corroborated experimental drug-displacement assays, indicating that the binding affinity of TFV and TAF might be impacted by the presence of different compounds bound to albumin. Overall, the weak binding capacity of albumin to TFV, TDF, and TAF is one of the main factors for the low residence time of these antiretrovirals in the human bloodstream; however, positive cooperativity for TAF and TDF was detected in the presence of some drugs, which might improve their residence time (pharmacokinetic profile).
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreia Costa-Tuna
- CQC-IMS, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Otávio A Chaves
- CQC-IMS, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Centro de Pesquisa, Inovação e Vigilância em COVID-19 e Emergências Sanitárias (CPIV), Oswaldo Cruz Institute (IOC), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro 21040-361, RJ, Brazil
| | - Zaida L Almeida
- CQC-IMS, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rita S Cunha
- CQC-IMS, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João Pina
- CQC-IMS, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carlos Serpa
- CQC-IMS, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
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Abd Ali AAkool W, Kashanian S, Hadidi S. Molecular interaction of antiviral drug penciclovir with DNA and HSA insights from experimental and docking studies. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024:1-11. [PMID: 38263739 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2024.2303382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
One approach to accelerate the availability of new cancer drugs is to test drugs approved for other conditions as anticancer agents. During recent decades, penciclovir (PNV) has been frequently utilized as a potent antiviral drug, in particular against infections caused by herpes viruses. Many antivirals interact with DNA and change their expression level, so determining the binding mode is of great importance. In our laboratory, we have focused our attention to design improved drugs that target cellular DNA, to understand the mechanism of action at the molecular level, and also to investigate the effect of antiviral drugs as anticancer agents. The results of ct-DNA-PNV interactions at physiological pH using fluorescence spectroscopy, UV-visible absorption spectroscopy, and molecular modeling reveal this drug binds well to ct-DNA through groove binding. The circular dichroism measurements displayed that PNV caused a slight change in the DNA structure which affirmed that the binding of PNV with the DNA occurs through the groove mode. Besides, multi-spectroscopic and molecular docking were used to evaluate how PNV interacts with human serum albumin under physiological conditions. The findings of fluorescence quenching suggested that static quenching was involved in the spontaneous development of HSA-PNV complex through hydrophobic force. The docking simulation results validated the findings of spectroscopic techniques.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Saba Hadidi
- Inorganic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Chemistry, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
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Azeem K, Ahmed M, Uddin A, Singh S, Patel R, Abid M. Comparative investigation on interaction between potent antimalarials and human serum albumin using multispectroscopic and computational approaches. LUMINESCENCE 2023; 38:2018-2033. [PMID: 37654050 DOI: 10.1002/bio.4590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
This study performed a comparative investigation to explore the interaction mechanisms between two potential antimalarial compounds, JMI 346 and JMI 105, and human serum albumin (HSA), a vital carrier protein responsible for maintaining important biological functions. Our aim was to assess the pharmacological efficiency of these compounds while comprehensively analyzing their impact on the dynamic behavior and overall stability of the protein. A comprehensive array of multispectroscopic techniques, including UV-Vis. spectroscopy, steady-state fluorescence analysis, synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy, three-dimensional fluorescence and circular dichroism spectroscopy, docking studies, and molecular dynamics simulations, were performed to probe the intricate details of the interaction between the compounds and HSA. Our results revealed that both JMI 346 and JMI 105 exhibited promising pharmacological effectiveness within the context of malaria therapy. However, JMI 346 was found to exhibit a significantly higher affinity and only minor altered impact on HSA, suggesting a more favorable interaction with the protein on the dynamic behavior and overall stability of the protein in comparison to JMI 105. Further studies can build on these results to optimize the drug-protein interaction and enable the development of more potent and targeted antimalarial treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kashish Azeem
- Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Mofieed Ahmed
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Amad Uddin
- Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Shailja Singh
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Rajan Patel
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohammad Abid
- Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
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Petrović ĐS, Jovičić Milić SS, Đukić MB, Radojević ID, Jurišević MM, Gajović NM, Petrović A, Arsenijević NN, Jovanović IP, Avdović E, Stojković DL, Jevtić VV. Synthesis, characterization, HSA binding, molecular docking, cytotoxicity study, and antimicrobial activity of new palladium(II) complexes with propylenediamine derivatives of phenylalanine. J Inorg Biochem 2023; 246:112283. [PMID: 37301165 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2023.112283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The four new ligands, propylenediamine derivatives of phenylalanine (R2-S,S-pddbaˑ2HCl; L1-L4) and their palladium(II) complexes (C1-C4) were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, infrared, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. The interactions of new palladium(II) complexes with human serum albumin (HSA) were studied by fluorescence spectroscopy. All investigated compounds can be transported to target cells by binding to HSA, but complex C4 interacts most strongly. Molecular docking simulations were applied to comprehend the binding of the complex to the molecular target of HSA. Obtained results are in good correlations with experimental data regarding binding affinity by HSA. In vitro cytotoxicity activities were investigated on four tumor cell lines (mouse mammary (4 T1) and colon (CT26), human mammary (MDA-MD-468) and colon (HCT116)) and mouse mesenchymal stem cells as non-tumor control cells. Cytotoxic capacity was determined by MTT test and according to obtained results ligand L4 stands out as the most active and selective compound and as a good candidate for future in vivo testing. Further examination of the ligand L4 and corresponding complex C4 led to the conclusion that both induced cell death mainly by apoptosis. Ligand L4 facilitated cycle arrest in G0/G1 phase and decreased proliferative capacity of tumor cells. In vitro antimicrobial activity for ligands and corresponding Pd(II) complexes was investigated against eleven microorganisms (eight strains of pathogenic bacteria and three yeast species) using microdilution method. The minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum microbicidal concentration were determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Đorđe S Petrović
- University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Radoja Domanovića 12, 34000 Kragujevac, Republic of Serbia
| | - Sandra S Jovičić Milić
- University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Radoja Domanovića 12, 34000 Kragujevac, Republic of Serbia
| | - Maja B Đukić
- University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Radoja Domanovića 12, 34000 Kragujevac, Republic of Serbia
| | - Ivana D Radojević
- University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology and Ecology, Radoja Domanovića 12, 34000 Kragujevac, Republic of Serbia
| | - Milena M Jurišević
- University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Clinical pharmacy, Svetozara Markovića 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Republic of Serbia
| | - Nevena M Gajović
- University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Svetozara Markovića 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Republic of Serbia
| | - Anđela Petrović
- University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Svetozara Markovića 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Republic of Serbia
| | - Nebojša N Arsenijević
- University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Svetozara Markovića 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Republic of Serbia
| | - Ivan P Jovanović
- University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Svetozara Markovića 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Republic of Serbia
| | - Edina Avdović
- University of Kragujevac, Institute for Information Technologies, Department of Science, Jovana Cvijića bb, 34000 Kragujevac, Republic of Serbia
| | - Danijela Lj Stojković
- University of Kragujevac, Institute for Information Technologies, Department of Science, Jovana Cvijića bb, 34000 Kragujevac, Republic of Serbia
| | - Verica V Jevtić
- University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Radoja Domanovića 12, 34000 Kragujevac, Republic of Serbia.
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Harmošová M, Vilková M, Kello M, Smolko L, Samol'ová E, Šebová D, Potočňák I. Low-dimensional compounds containing bioactive ligands. XXII. First crystal structure, cytotoxic activity and DNA and HSA binding of a zirconium(IV) complex with 8-hydroxyquinoline-2-carboxylic acid. Acta Crystallogr C Struct Chem 2023; 79:S2053229623005971. [PMID: 37466222 DOI: 10.1107/s2053229623005971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
A new zirconium(IV) complex, diaquabis(8-hydroxyquinoline-2-carboxylato-κ3N,O2,O8)zirconium(IV) dimethylformamide disolvate, [Zr(C10H5NO3)2(H2O)2]·2C3H7NO or [Zr(QCa)2(H2O)2]·2DMF (1) (HQCaH is 8-hydroxyquinoline-2-carboxylic acid and DMF is dimethylformamide), was prepared and characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy and single-crystal X-ray structure analysis. Complex 1 is a mononuclear complex in which the ZrIV atoms sit on the twofold axis and they are octacoordinated by two N and six O atoms of two tridentate anionic QCa2- ligands, and two aqua ligands. Outside the coordination sphere are two DMF molecules bound to the complex unit by hydrogen bonds. The structure and stability of complex 1 in dimethyl sulfoxide were verified by NMR spectroscopy. The cytotoxic properties of 1 and HQCaH were studied in vitro against eight cancer cell lines, and their selectivity was tested on the BJ-5ta noncancerous cell line. Both the complex and HQCaH exhibited low activity, with IC50 > 200 µM. DNA and human serum albumin (HSA) binding studies showed that 1 binds to calf thymus (CT) DNA via intercalation and is able to bind to the tryptophan binding site of HSA (Trp-214).
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Harmošová
- Institute of Chemistry, P. J. Šafárik University in Košice, Moyzesova 11, Košice, SK-041 54, Slovakia
| | - Mária Vilková
- Institute of Chemistry, P. J. Šafárik University in Košice, Moyzesova 11, Košice, SK-041 54, Slovakia
| | - Martin Kello
- Department of Pharmacology, P. J. Šafárik University in Košice, Trieda SNP 1, Košice, SK-040 11, Slovakia
| | - Lukáš Smolko
- Department of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, P. J. Šafárik University in Košice, Trieda SNP 1, Košice, SK-040 11, Slovakia
| | - Erika Samol'ová
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Science, Na Slovance 2, Prague, CZ-182 21, Czech Republic
| | - Dominika Šebová
- Department of Pharmacology, P. J. Šafárik University in Košice, Trieda SNP 1, Košice, SK-040 11, Slovakia
| | - Ivan Potočňák
- Institute of Chemistry, P. J. Šafárik University in Košice, Moyzesova 11, Košice, SK-041 54, Slovakia
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Dombi G, Horváth P, Fiser B, Mirzahosseini A, Dobó M, Szabó ZI, Tóth G. Enantioselective Human Serum Albumin Binding of Apremilast: Liquid Chromatographic, Fluorescence and Molecular Docking Study. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032168. [PMID: 36768492 PMCID: PMC9916978 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The interaction between human serum albumin (HSA) and apremilast (APR), a novel antipsoriatic drug, was characterized by multimodal analytical techniques including high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), fluorescence spectroscopy and molecular docking for the first time. Using an HSA chiral stationary phase, the APR enantiomers were well separated, indicating enantioselective binding between the protein and the analytes. The influence of chromatographic parameters-type and concentration of the organic modifier, buffer type, pH, ionic strength of the mobile phase, flow rate and column temperature-on the chromatographic responses (retention factor and selectivity) was analyzed in detail. The results revealed that the eutomer S-APR bound to the protein to a greater extent than the antipode. The classical van 't Hoff method was applied for thermodynamic analysis, which indicated that the enantioseparation was enthalpy-controlled. The stability constants of the protein-enantiomer complexes, determined by fluorescence spectroscopy, were in accordance with the elution order observed in HPLC (KR-APR-HSA = 6.45 × 103 M-1, KS-APR-HSA = 1.04 × 104 M-1), showing that, indeed, the later-eluting S-APR displayed a stronger binding with HSA. Molecular docking was applied to study and analyze the interactions between HSA and the APR enantiomers at the atomic level. It was revealed that the most favored APR binding occurred at the border between domains I and II of HSA, and secondary interactions were responsible for the different binding strengths of the enantiomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gergely Dombi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Semmelweis University, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Horváth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Semmelweis University, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Béla Fiser
- Higher Education and Industrial Cooperation Centre, University of Miskolc, Egyetemváros, H-3515 Miskolc, Hungary
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Ferenc Rakoczi II Transcarpathian Hungarian College of Higher Education, Transcarpathia, 90200 Beregszasz, Ukraine
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, 90-149 Łódź, Poland
| | - Arash Mirzahosseini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Semmelweis University, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Máté Dobó
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Semmelweis University, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán-István Szabó
- Department of Pharmaceutical Industry and Management, Faculty of Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania
- Sz-imfidum Ltd., 525401 Lunga, Romania
| | - Gergő Tóth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Semmelweis University, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary
- Correspondence:
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Gopi P, Singh S, Islam MM, Yadav A, Gupta N, Pandya P. Thermodynamic and structural profiles of multi-target binding of vinblastine in solution. J Mol Recognit 2022; 35:e2989. [PMID: 36054496 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.2989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Structural information about drug-receptor interactions is paramount in drug discovery and subsequent optimization processes. Drugs can bind to multiple potential targets as they contain common chemical entities in their structures. Understanding the details of such interactions offer possibilities for repurposing and developing potent inhibitors of disease pathways. Vinblastine (VLB) is a potent anticancer molecule showing multiple receptor interactions with different affinities and degrees of structural perturbations. We have investigated the multi-target binding profile of VLB with DNA and human serum albumin (HSA) in a dynamic physiological environment using spectroscopic, molecular dynamics simulations, and quantum mechanical calculations to evaluate the structural features, mode, ligand and receptor flexibility, and energetics of complexation. These results confirm that VLB prefers to bind in the major groove of DNA with some inclination toward Thymidine residue and the TR-5 binding site in HSA with its catharanthine half making important contacts with both the receptors. Spectroscopic investigation at multiple temperatures has also proved that VLB binding is entropy driven indicating the major groove and TR-5 binding site of interaction. Finally, the overall binding is facilitated by van der Waals contacts and a few conventional H-bonds. VLB portrays reasonable conformational diversity on binding with multiple receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Gopi
- Amity Institute of Forensic Sciences, Amity University, Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India
| | - Shweta Singh
- Amity Institute of Forensic Sciences, Amity University, Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India
| | | | - Akankasha Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, India
| | - Neelima Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, India
| | - Prateek Pandya
- Amity Institute of Forensic Sciences, Amity University, Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India
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Chen H, Zhu T, Sun L, Xiang L, Han H, Luo X, Chen D. Investigation of atropisomeric transformation of a novel PDE4 inhibitor with tetrahydroisoquinoline-based amide group and its primary study of binding to HSA. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2022; 221:115056. [PMID: 36150299 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2022.115056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this study a kinetic and thermodynamic atropisomeric transformation due to a hindered rotation around the tetrahydroisoquinoline-based amide group was investigated. Quantum chemistry calculations were applied to investigate the transformation under the gas phase and several solvents with different polarity, and then evaluated by dynamic HPLC determination. It was found that the transformation rate of constants and the half-life time varied under the influence of solvent polarity and temperature and the energies of rotational barrier were determined ranging between 87 and 92 kJ∙mol-1. A primary binding study with HSA confirmed a rapid interconversion under the simulated physiological conditions. It is therefore suggested to take this atropisomeric compound as a racemic mixture for its future drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Chen
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Rd. Zuchongzhi, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tingfei Zhu
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Rd. Zuchongzhi, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ling Sun
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Rd. Zuchongzhi, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Lili Xiang
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Rd. Zuchongzhi, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Haiyun Han
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Rd. Zuchongzhi, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Xiaomin Luo
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Rd. Zuchongzhi, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Dongying Chen
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Rd. Zuchongzhi, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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Vilková M, Hudáčová M, Palušeková N, Jendželovský R, Almáši M, Béres T, Fedoročko P, Kožurková M. Acridine Based N-Acylhydrazone Derivatives as Potential Anticancer Agents: Synthesis, Characterization and ctDNA/HSA Spectroscopic Binding Properties. Molecules 2022; 27. [PMID: 35566236 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of novel acridine N-acylhydrazone derivatives have been synthesized as potential topoisomerase I/II inhibitors, and their binding (calf thymus DNA—ctDNA and human serum albumin—HSA) and biological activities as potential anticancer agents on proliferation of A549 and CCD-18Co have been evaluated. The acridine-DNA complex 3b (-F) displayed the highest Kb value (Kb = 3.18 × 103 M−1). The HSA-derivatives interactions were studied by fluorescence quenching spectra. This method was used for the calculation of characteristic binding parameters. In the presence of warfarin, the binding constant values were found to decrease (KSV = 2.26 M−1, Kb = 2.54 M−1), suggesting that derivative 3a could bind to HSA at Sudlow site I. The effect of tested derivatives on metabolic activity of A549 cells evaluated by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide or MTT assay decreased as follows 3b(-F) > 3a(-H) > 3c(-Cl) > 3d(-Br). The derivatives 3c and 3d in vitro act as potential dual inhibitors of hTopo I and II with a partial effect on the metabolic activity of cancer cells A594. The acridine-benzohydrazides 3a and 3c reduced the clonogenic ability of A549 cells by 72% or 74%, respectively. The general results of the study suggest that the novel compounds show potential for future development as anticancer agents.
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Guo JL, Liu GY, Wang RY, Sun SX. Synthesis and Structure Elucidation of Two Essential Metal Complexes: In-Vitro Studies of Their BSA/HSA-Binding Properties, Docking Simulations, and Anticancer Activities. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27061886. [PMID: 35335248 PMCID: PMC8948964 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27061886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Imidazole and tetrazole derivatives are widely used as clinical drugs since they possess a variety of pharmaceutical function. Zinc and iron are essential trace elements of the human body, with less toxicity and good biocompatibility. In this paper, two new essential metal mononuclear complexes [M(H2tmidc)2(H2O)2]·2H2O (M = Zn (1), Fe (2)) were synthesized through the reaction of 2-((1H-tetrazol-1-yl)methylene)-1H-imidazole-4,5-dicarboxylic acid (H3tmidc) and ZnSO4·7H2O or FeSO4·7H2O. The crystal structures were determined by means of the X-ray single crystal diffraction technique. Results from fluorescence investigations show that both complexes could interact with BSA as well as HSA through the static quenching mechanism. van der Waals forces and hydrogen bonds play important roles in the interaction of complexes and BSA/HSA since both ΔH and ΔS values are negative. The results of molecular docking are consistent with those in experimental studies. Furthermore, the anticancer activity of H3tmidc and both complexes against Eca-109 were preliminarily evaluated and the results show that both complexes have better anticancer activity than the corresponding ligand H3tmidc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Li Guo
- School of Chemical Engineering, Henan Technical Institute, Zhengzhou 450042, China; (J.-L.G.); (R.-Y.W.)
| | - Guang-Yu Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China;
| | - Rui-Ying Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Henan Technical Institute, Zhengzhou 450042, China; (J.-L.G.); (R.-Y.W.)
| | - Shu-Xiang Sun
- School of Chemical Engineering, Henan Technical Institute, Zhengzhou 450042, China; (J.-L.G.); (R.-Y.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-13526559093
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11
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Miklášová N, Herich P, Dávila-Becerril JC, Barroso-Flores J, Fischer-Fodor E, Valentová J, Leskovská J, Kožíšek J, Takáč P, Mojžiš J. Evaluation of Antiproliferative Palladium(II) Complexes of Synthetic Bisdemethoxycurcumin towards In Vitro Cytotoxicity and Molecular Docking on DNA Sequence. Molecules 2021; 26:4369. [PMID: 34299644 PMCID: PMC8306502 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26144369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Metallodrugs form a large family of therapeutic agents against cancer, among which is cisplatin, a paradigmatic member. Therapeutic resistance and undesired side effects to Pt(II) related drugs, prompts research on different metal-ligand combinations with potentially enhanced biological activity. We present the synthesis and biological tests of novel palladium(II) complexes containing bisdemethoxycurcumin (BDMC) 1 and 2. Complexes were fully characterized and their structures were determined by X-ray diffraction. Their biological activity was assessed for several selected human tumor cell lines: Jurkat (human leukaemic T-cell lymphoma), HCT-116 (human colorectal carcinoma), HeLa (human cervix epitheloid carcinoma), MCF-7 (human breast adenocarcinoma), MDA-MB-231 (human mammary gland adenocarcinoma), A549 (human alveolar adenocarcinoma), Caco-2 (human colorectal carcinoma), and for non-cancerous 3T3 cells (murine fibroblasts). The cytotoxicity of 1 is comparable to that of cisplatin, and superior to that of 2 in all cell lines. It is a correlation between IC50 values of 1 and 2 in the eight studied cell types, promising a potential use as anti-proliferative drugs. Moreover, for Jurkat cell line, complexes 1 and 2, show an enhanced activity. DFT and docking calculations on the NF-κB protein, Human Serum Albumin (HSA), and DNA were performed for 1 and 2 to correlate with their biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Miklášová
- Department of Chemical Theory of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Kalinčiakova 8, 83104 Bratislava, Slovakia; (P.H.); (J.V.); (J.L.)
| | - Peter Herich
- Department of Chemical Theory of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Kalinčiakova 8, 83104 Bratislava, Slovakia; (P.H.); (J.V.); (J.L.)
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 81237 Bratislava, Slovakia;
| | - Juan Carlos Dávila-Becerril
- Instituto de Química Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Circuito Exterior s/n Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 Ciudad de México, Mexico;
- Centro Conjunto de Investigación en Química Sustentable UAEM-UNAM, Carretera Toluca- Atlacomulco Km 14.5, C.P. 50200 Toluca Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Joaquín Barroso-Flores
- Instituto de Química Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Circuito Exterior s/n Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 Ciudad de México, Mexico;
- Centro Conjunto de Investigación en Química Sustentable UAEM-UNAM, Carretera Toluca- Atlacomulco Km 14.5, C.P. 50200 Toluca Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Eva Fischer-Fodor
- Tumor Biology Department, Institute of Oncology “Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuță”, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Jindra Valentová
- Department of Chemical Theory of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Kalinčiakova 8, 83104 Bratislava, Slovakia; (P.H.); (J.V.); (J.L.)
| | - Janka Leskovská
- Department of Chemical Theory of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Kalinčiakova 8, 83104 Bratislava, Slovakia; (P.H.); (J.V.); (J.L.)
| | - Jozef Kožíšek
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 81237 Bratislava, Slovakia;
| | - Peter Takáč
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, Trieda SNP 1, 04011 Košice, Slovakia; (P.T.); (J.M.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenského 73, 04181 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Ján Mojžiš
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, Trieda SNP 1, 04011 Košice, Slovakia; (P.T.); (J.M.)
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12
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Beg M, Maji A, Nayim S, Aktara MN, Sahoo NK, Jana GC, Islam MM, Hossain M. Biophysical insights into the interaction of human serum albumin with Cassia fistula leaf extracts inspired biogenic potent antibacterial and anticancerous gold nanoparticles. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2020; 39:4567-4581. [PMID: 32567502 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1778532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
In the present investigation, the characterization of Cassia fistula leaf extracts (CFLE) mediated gold nanoparticles (CF-GNPs) and its binding features with human serum albumin (HSA) through interaction have been probed. The results from UV-visible, TEM and EDX analysis proved the formation of CF-GNPs. The functional groups like OH, NH, CN etc present in the phytochemicals of CFLE were mainly acted as reducing and protecting agent which was confirmed by FTIR study. The zeta potential (-17.8 mV) and hydrodynamic size (20.4 nm) of the CF-GNPs were also measured by DLS. The microbicidal effect of the CF-GNPs was estimated against gram negative bacterium, Escherichia coli (DH5-Alpha) and MIC was found to be 2.8 nM. Anticancer activity of the CF-GNPs was also checked against A375 (skin melanoma) cell lines where IC50 was 6.5 nM. The interaction study of CF-GNPs with HSA and conformational alteration of HSA upon interaction were investigated by the fluorescence, lifetime, synchronous, circular dichroism spectrum and zeta potential measurement. The negative value of Gibb's free energy indicated spontaneity of the CF-GNPs-HSA complex formation. The fluorescence lifetime measurement confirmed the construction of ground state CF-GNPs-HSA complex passing through static quenching mechanism and determined the distance from donor to acceptor also. Circular dichroism spectroscopy signified unchangeable native structure of HSA with minor decrease of alpha helix structure (54.5% to 51.1%) upon interaction. The more negative zeta potential value (-25.9 mV) of CF-GNPs-HSA system than the CF-GNPs (-17.8 mV) proved the adsorption of HSA on the outer surface of CF-GNPs.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maidul Beg
- Department of Chemistry, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, India
| | - Anukul Maji
- Department of Chemistry, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, India
| | - Sk Nayim
- Department of Chemistry, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, India
| | - Mt Nasima Aktara
- Department of Chemistry, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, India
| | | | | | | | - Maidul Hossain
- Department of Chemistry, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, India
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Sun B, Musgrave IF, Day AI, Heimann K, Keene FR, Collins JG. Eukaryotic Cell Toxicity and HSA Binding of [Ru(Me 4phen)(bb 7)] 2+ and the Effect of Encapsulation in Cucurbit[10]uril. Front Chem 2018; 6:595. [PMID: 30560120 PMCID: PMC6287197 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2018.00595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The toxicity (IC50) of a series of mononuclear ruthenium complexes containing bis[4(4′-methyl-2,2′-bipyridyl)]-1,n-alkane (bbn) as a tetradentate ligand against three eukaryotic cell lines—BHK (baby hamster kidney), Caco-2 (heterogeneous human epithelial colorectal adenocarcinoma) and Hep-G2 (liver carcinoma)—have been determined. The results demonstrate that cis-α-[Ru(Me4phen)(bb7)]2+ (designated as α-Me4phen-bb7, where Me4phen = 3,4,7,8-tetramethyl-1,10-phenanthroline) showed little toxicity toward the three cell lines, and was considerably less toxic than cis-α-[Ru(phen)(bb12)]2+ (α-phen-bb12) and the dinuclear complex [{Ru(phen)2}2{μ-bb12}]4+. Fluorescence spectroscopy was used to study the binding of the ruthenium complexes with human serum albumin (HSA). The binding of α-Me4phen-bb7 to the macrocyclic host molecule cucurbit[10]uril (Q[10]) was examined by NMR spectroscopy. Large upfield 1H NMR chemical shift changes observed for the methylene protons in the bb7 ligand upon addition of Q[10], coupled with the observation of several intermolecular ROEs in ROESY spectra, indicated that α-Me4phen-bb7 bound Q[10] with the bb7 methylene carbons within the cavity and the metal center positioned outside one of the portals. Simple molecular modeling confirmed the feasibility of the binding model. An α-Me4phen-bb7-Q[10] binding constant of 9.9 ± 0.2 × 106 M−1 was determined by luminescence spectroscopy. Q[10]-encapsulation decreased the toxicity of α-Me4phen-bb7 against the three eukaryotic cell lines and increased the binding affinity of the ruthenium complex for HSA. Confocal microscopy experiments indicated that the level of accumulation of α-Me4phen-7 in BHK cells is not significantly affected by Q[10]-encapsulation. Taken together, the combined results suggest that α-Me4phen-7 could be a good candidate as a new antimicrobial agent, and Q[10]-encapsulation could be a method to improve the pharmacokinetics of the ruthenium complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biyun Sun
- School of Physical, Environmental and Mathematical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Australian Defence Force Academy, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Ian F Musgrave
- Discipline of Pharmacology, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Anthony I Day
- School of Physical, Environmental and Mathematical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Australian Defence Force Academy, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Kirsten Heimann
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - F Richard Keene
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine/Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - J Grant Collins
- School of Physical, Environmental and Mathematical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Australian Defence Force Academy, Canberra, ACT, Australia
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Mansouri-Torshizi H, Zareian-Jahromi S, Abdi K, Saeidifar M. Nonionic but water soluble, [Glycine-Pd-Alanine] and [Glycine-Pd-Valine] complexes. Their synthesis, characterization, antitumor activities and rich DNA/HSA interaction studies. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2018; 37:3566-3582. [PMID: 30284510 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2018.1520647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Two novel, neutral and water soluble Pd(II) complexes of formula [Pd(Gly)(Ala)] (1) and [Pd(Gly)(Val)] (2) (Gly, Ala, and Val are anionic forms of glycine, alanine, and valine amino acids, respectively) have been synthesized and characterized by FT-IR, UV-Vis, 1H-NMR, elemental analysis, and molar conductivity measurement. The data revealed that each amino acid binds to Pd(II) through the nitrogen of -NH2 and the oxygen of -COO- groups and acts as a bidentate chelate. These complexes have been assayed against leukemia cells (K562) using MTT method. The results indicated that both of the complexes display more cytotoxicity than the well-known anticancer drug, cisplatin. The interaction of the compounds with calf thymus DNA (CT-DNA) and human serum albumin (HSA) were assayed by a series of experimental techniques including electronic absorption, fluorescence, viscometry, gel electrophoresis, and FT-IR. The results indicated that the two complexes have interesting binding propensities toward CT-DNA as well as HSA and the binding affinity of (1) is more than (2). The fluorescence data indicated that both complexes strongly quench the fluorescence of ethidium bromide-DNA system as well as the intrinsic fluorescence of HSA via static quenching procedures. The thermodynamic parameters (ΔH°, ΔS°, and ΔG°) calculated from the fluorescence studies showed that hydrogen bonds and van der Waals interactions play a major role in the binding of the complexes to DNA and HSA. We suggest that both of the Pd(II) complexes exhibit the groove binding mode with CT-DNA and interact with the main binding pocket of HSA. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Mansouri-Torshizi
- a Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , University of Sistan and Baluchestan , Zahedan , Iran
| | - Sareh Zareian-Jahromi
- a Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , University of Sistan and Baluchestan , Zahedan , Iran
| | - Khatereh Abdi
- a Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , University of Sistan and Baluchestan , Zahedan , Iran
| | - Maryam Saeidifar
- b Department of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials , Materials and Energy Research Center , Karaj , Iran
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15
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Hosseini SA, Eslami Moghadam M, Saeidifar M, Saboury AA. Biological effect and molecular docking of anticancer palladium and platinum complexes with morpholine dithiocarbamate on human serum albumin as a blood carrier protein. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2018; 96:1276-1285. [PMID: 30278151 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2017-0693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the interaction of [Pd(2,2'-bipyridine) (morpholinedithiocarbamate)]NO3 and [Pt (2,2'-bipyridine)(morpholinedithiocarbamate)]NO3 with human serum albumin under physiological conditions by using fluorescence, absorption, and circular dichroism spectroscopic techniques. Spectroscopic analysis of the emission quenching at different temperatures demonstrated that the quenching mechanism was static quenching. From the circular dichroism results, thermal stability study, it was found that the interaction of the complexes with human serum albumin caused a conformational change of the protein reversibly. These 2 anticancer Pd and Pt complexes were activated against chronic myelogenous leukemia cell line K562, so that 50% cytotoxic concentration values of 16 and 26 μM for Pd and Pt complexes, respectively, were observed, which were much lower than that of cisplatin (154 μM). Biological activities of both Pd and Pt complexes were also assayed against selective microorganisms by the disc diffusion method. These results showed that the Pd(II) complex is antifungal agent but Pt(II) complex has antibacterial activity. Also, the interaction of both metal derivative complexes was studied by molecular docking. Complementary molecular docking results may be useful to determine the binding mechanism of human serum albumin in pharmaceutical and biophysical studies providing new insight in the novel pharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Ali Hosseini
- a Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Research Center of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Maryam Saeidifar
- b Department of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Materials and Energy Research Center, Karaj, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Saboury
- c Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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16
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Fernandes E, Soares TB, Gonçalves H, Lúcio M. Spectroscopic Studies as a Toolbox for Biophysical and Chemical Characterization of Lipid-Based Nanotherapeutics. Front Chem 2018; 6:323. [PMID: 30109226 PMCID: PMC6080416 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2018.00323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The goal of this study is to provide tools to minimize trial-and-error in the development of novel lipid-based nanotherapeutics, in favor of a rational design process. For this purpose, we present case-study examples of biophysical assays that help addressing issues of lipid-based nanotherapeutics' profiling and assist in the design of lipid nanocarriers for therapeutic usage. The assays presented are rooted in spectroscopic methods (steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence; UV-Vis derivative spectroscopy; fluorescence anisotropy and fluorescence lifetime image microscopy) and allow accessing physical-chemical interactions between drugs and lipid nanocarriers, as well as studying interactions between lipid-based nanotherapeutics and membranes and/or proteins, as this is a key factor in predicting their therapeutic and off target effects. Derivative spectroscopy revealed Naproxen's high distribution (LogD ≈ 3) in different lipid-based nanocarriers (micelles and unilamellar or multilamellar vesicles) confirming the adequacy of such systems for encapsulating this anti-inflammatory drug. Fluorescence quenching studies revealed that the anti-inflammatory drugs Acemetacin and Indomethacin can reach an inner location at the lipid nanocarrier while being anchored with its carboxylic moiety at the polar headgroup. The least observed quenching effect suggested that Tolmetin is probably located at the polar headgroup region of the lipid nanocarriers and this superficial location may translate in a fast drug release from the nanocarriers. Fluorescent anisotropy measurements indicated that the drugs deeply buried within the lipid nanocarrier where the ones that had a greater fluidizing effect which can also translate in a faster drug release. The drug binding strength to serum albumin was also compared for a free drug (Clonixin) or for the same drug after encapsulation in a lipid nanocarrier DSPC:DODAP (2:1). Under both conditions there is a strong binding to serum albumin, at one binding site, suggesting the need to produce a stealth nanosystem. Finally the cellular uptake of lipid nanocarriers loaded with Daunorubicin was investigated in cancer cells using fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy. From the images obtained it was possible to conclude that even at short incubation times (15 min) there was a distribution of the drug in the cytoplasm, whereas for longer incubation periods (4 h) the drug has reached the nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduarda Fernandes
- Department of Physics, Centre of Physics of University of Minho and Porto, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Telma B Soares
- Department of Physics, Centre of Physics of University of Minho and Porto, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Hugo Gonçalves
- Department of Physics, Centre of Physics of University of Minho and Porto, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Marlene Lúcio
- Department of Physics, Centre of Physics of University of Minho and Porto, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
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17
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Levitz A, Marmarchi F, Henary M. Synthesis and Optical Properties of Near-Infrared meso-Phenyl-Substituted Symmetric Heptamethine Cyanine Dyes. Molecules 2018; 23:E226. [PMID: 29364846 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23020226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Heptamethine cyanine dyes are a class of near infrared fluorescence (NIRF) probes of great interest in bioanalytical and imaging applications due to their modifiability, allowing them to be tailored for particular applications. Generally, modifications at the meso-position of these dyes are achieved through Suzuki-Miyaura C-C coupling and SRN1 nucleophilic substitution of the chlorine atom at the meso-position of the dye. Herein, a series of 15 meso phenyl-substituted heptamethine cyanines was synthesized utilizing a modified dianil linker. Their optical properties, including molar absorptivity, fluorescence, Stokes shift, and quantum yield were measured. The HSA binding affinities of two representative compounds were measured and compared to that of a series of trimethine cyanines previously synthesized by our lab. The results indicate that the binding of these compounds to HSA is not only dependent on hydrophobicity, but may also be dependent on steric interferences in the binding site and structural dynamics of the NIRF compounds.
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18
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Dehkhodaei M, Sahihi M, Amiri Rudbari H, Momenbeik F. DNA and HSA interaction of Vanadium (IV), Copper (II), and Zinc (II) complexes derived from an asymmetric bidentate Schiff-base ligand: multi spectroscopic, viscosity measurements, molecular docking, and ONIOM studies. J Biol Inorg Chem 2018; 23:181-92. [PMID: 29119261 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-017-1505-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The interaction of three complexes [Zn(II), Cu(II), and V(IV)] derived from an asymmetric bidentate Schiff-base ligand with DNA and HSA was studied using fluorescence quenching, UV-Vis spectroscopy, viscosity measurements, and computational methods [molecular docking and our Own N-layered Integrated molecular Orbital and molecular Mechanics (ONIOM)]. The obtained results revealed that the DNA and HSA affinities for binding of the synthesized compounds follow as V(IV) > Zn(II) > Cu(II) and Zn(II) > V(IV) > Cu(II), respectively. The distance between these compounds and HSA was obtained based on the Förster's theory of non-radiative energy transfer. Furthermore, computational molecular docking was carried out to investigate the DNA- and HSA-binding pose of the compounds. Molecular docking calculations showed that H-bond, hydrophobic, and π-cation interactions have dominant role in stability of the compound-HSA complexes. ONIOM method was utilized to investigate the HSA binding of the compounds more precisely in which molecular-mechanics method (UFF) and semi-empirical method (PM6) were selected for the low layer and the high layer, respectively. The results show that the structural parameters of the compounds changed along with binding, indicating the strong interaction between the compounds with HSA and DNA. Viscosity measurements as well as computational docking data suggest that all metal complexes interact with DNA, presumably by groove-binding mechanism.
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Mansouri-Torshizi H, Zareian-Jahromi S, Ghahghaei A, Shahraki S, Khosravi F, Heidari Majd M. Palladium(II) complexes of biorelevant ligands. Synthesis, structures, cytotoxicity and rich DNA/HSA interaction studies. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2017; 36:2787-2806. [PMID: 28849726 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2017.1372309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a pair of new palladium(II) complexes, [Pd(Gly)(Phe)] and [Pd(Gly)(Tyr)], (where Gly is glycine, Phe is phenylalanine, and Tyr is tyrosine) were synthesized and characterized by UV-Vis, FT-IR, elemental analysis, 1H-NMR, and conductivity measurements. The detailed 1H NMR and infrared spectral studies of these Pd(II) complexes ascertain the mode of binding of amino acids to palladium through nitrogen of -NH2 and oxygen of -COO- groups as bidentate chelates. The Pd(II) complexes have been tested for in vitro cytotoxicity activities against cancer cell line of K562. Interactions of these Pd(II) complexes with CT-DNA and human serum albumin were identified through absorption/emission titrations and gel electrophoresis which indicated significant binding proficiency. The binding distance (r) between these synthesized complexes and HSA based on Forster's theory of non-radiation energy transfer were calculated. Alterations of HSA secondary structure induced by complexes were confirmed by FT-IR measurements. The results of emission quenching at three temperatures have revealed that the quenching mechanism of these Pd(II) complexes with CT-DNA and HSA were the static and dynamic quenching mechanism, respectively. Binding constants (Kb), binding site number (n), and the corresponding thermodynamic parameters were calculated and revealed that the hydrogen binding and hydrophobic forces played a major role when Pd(II) complexes interacted with DNA and HSA, respectively. We bid that [Pd(Gly)(Phe)] and [Pd(Gly)(Tyr)] complexes exhibit the groove binding with CT-DNA and interact with the main binding pocket of HSA. The complexes follow the binding affinity order of [Pd(Gly)(Tyr)] > [Pd(Gly)(Phe)] with CT-DNA- and HSA-binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Mansouri-Torshizi
- a Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry , University of Sistan and Baluchestan , Zahedan , Iran
| | - Sareh Zareian-Jahromi
- a Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry , University of Sistan and Baluchestan , Zahedan , Iran
| | - Arezou Ghahghaei
- b Faculty of Science, Department of Biology , University of Sistan and Baluchestan , Zahedan , Iran
| | - Somaye Shahraki
- c Department of Chemistry , University of Zabol , Zabol , Iran
| | - Fatemeh Khosravi
- a Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry , University of Sistan and Baluchestan , Zahedan , Iran
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Rimac H, Dufour C, Debeljak Ž, Zorc B, Bojić M. Warfarin and Flavonoids Do Not Share the Same Binding Region in Binding to the IIA Subdomain of Human Serum Albumin. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22071153. [PMID: 28696372 PMCID: PMC6152318 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22071153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Human serum albumin (HSA) binds a variety of xenobiotics, including flavonoids and warfarin. The binding of another ligand to the IIA binding site on HSA can cause warfarin displacement and potentially the elevation of its free concentration in blood. Studies dealing with flavonoid-induced warfarin displacement from HSA provided controversial results: estimated risk of displacement ranged from none to serious. To resolve these controversies, in vitro study of simultaneous binding of warfarin and eight different flavonoid aglycons and glycosides to HSA was carried out by fluorescence spectroscopy as well as molecular docking. Results show that warfarin and flavonoids do not share the same binding region in binding to HSA. Interactions were only observed at high warfarin concentrations not attainable under recommended dosing regimes. Docking experiments show that flavonoid aglycons and glycosides do not bind at warfarin high affinity sites, but rather to different regions within the IIA HSA subdomain. Thus, the risk of clinically significant warfarin-flavonoid interaction in binding to HSA should be regarded as negligible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hrvoje Rimac
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Zagreb, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Ante Kovačića 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Claire Dufour
- UMR408 SQPOV, Safety and Quality of Plant Products, INRA, Avignon University, 228 Route de l'Aérodrome, 84000 Avignon, France.
| | - Željko Debeljak
- Institute of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, Osijek University Hospital Center, Josipa Huttlera 4, 31000 Osijek, Croatia.
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Osijek, Cara Hadrijana 10/E, 31000 Osijek, Croatia.
| | - Branka Zorc
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Zagreb, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Ante Kovačića 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Mirza Bojić
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Zagreb, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Ante Kovačića 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
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Jain S, Khan TA, Patil YP, Pagariya D, Kishore N, Tapryal S, Naik AD, Naik SG. Bio-affinity of copper(II) complexes with nitrogen and oxygen donor ligands: Synthesis, structural studies and in vitro DNA and HSA interaction of copper(II) complexes. J Photochem Photobiol B 2017; 174:35-43. [PMID: 28753522 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2017.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2017] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Reported herein the binding affinity between Human Serum Albumin and the DNA binding and cleavage activity of three copper(II) complexes, [Cu(phen)(o-van)ClO4] (1), [Cu(phen)(gly)]ClO4 (2) and [Cu(L1)2(H2O)2] (3) wherein 1 and 2 are synthesized with 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) and co-ligands (o-van: o-vanillin; gly: glycine) and 3 with a ligand 2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene-4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-amine (H1L1). Complex 2 crystallizes in monoclinic (P21/n) space group shows square pyramidal geometry. The complex 3 crystallizes in monoclinic (P21/a) space group. All the three complexes exhibit binding affinity towards the transport protein Human Serum albumin (HSA). Quantitative evaluation of the thermodynamics of interaction and the results obtained from fluorescence spectroscopy suggest that metal coordinated glycynate, o-vanillin and perchlorate groups have a major role to play in the binding process, the latter two being stronger in the binding of complex 1. The coordinated water in complex 3 also plays an important role in the binding, which makes binding of complex 3 with HSA stronger than that of complex 2. Experimental results indicate that the binding affinity of the complexes towards CT-DNA is in the order 1>3>2 implying that complex 1 binds stronger than complex 3 and 2.The DNA cleaving activity of all the three complexes was explored in the presence of reactive oxygen compound, H2O2. All the three complexes have primarily shown the DNA cleaving activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surbhi Jain
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandarsindri-305817, NH-8, Jaipur-Ajmer Express way, Ajmer district, Rajasthan, India
| | - Tanveer A Khan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandarsindri-305817, NH-8, Jaipur-Ajmer Express way, Ajmer district, Rajasthan, India
| | - Yogesh P Patil
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India
| | - Darshana Pagariya
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Nand Kishore
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Suman Tapryal
- Department of Biotechnology, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandarsindri-305817, NH-8, Jaipur-Ajmer Express way, Ajmer district, Rajasthan, India
| | - Anil D Naik
- Laboratory-UMET, CNRS UMR 8207 Team ISP, Unit R2, Fire-Reaction, & Resistance to Fire Cite Scientifique, University Lille-1 ENSCL, Lille 59652, France
| | - Sunil G Naik
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandarsindri-305817, NH-8, Jaipur-Ajmer Express way, Ajmer district, Rajasthan, India.
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22
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Bandyopadhyay N, Pradhan AB, Das S, Naskar JP. Comparative study of an osazone based ligand and its palladium(II) complex with human serum albumin: A spectroscopic, thermodynamic and molecular docking approach. J Photochem Photobiol B 2017; 173:1-11. [PMID: 28554071 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2017.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2017] [Revised: 05/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
An osazone based ligand, hexane-3,4-dione-bis(2'-phenylhydrazone) (LH2), was synthesized by 1:2M Schiff base condensation of 3,4-hexanedione and phenylhydrazine in dehydrated methanol. Its palladium(II) complex (1) has also been synthesized. LH2 and 1 have thoroughly been characterized by several spectroscopic and analytical means. DFT optimized structure of 1 shows that it is a monomeric Pd(II) complex having 'N2Cl2' coordination chromophore. Our BVS analysis also satisfactorily reproduces the oxidation number of the palladium center. 1 shows irreversible Pd(II)/Pd(I) reduction in its CV in methanol. 1 is three-fold more emissive than LH2. This enhanced emission has also been supported by time correlated single photon counting (TCSPC) measurements at room temperature. Human serum albumin (HSA) binding aspects of both LH2 and 1 have been investigated through various biophysical techniques. The binding constants as determined from Benesi-Hilderbrand plot using the absorbance spectral analyses were found respectively to be 1.18×105 and 4.38×104M-1 for LH2 and 1. The experimental findings confirm that both are good HSA binders. The thermodynamic parameters (∆G°, ∆H° and ∆S°) have also been evaluated by isothermal titration calorimetric (ITC) experiments. These parameters indicate that the binding processes are spontaneous both for LH2 and 1. Molecular docking analyses reveal that both LH2 and 1 reside in domain-I of HSA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Suman Das
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata -700 032, India
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Guhathakurta B, Pradhan AB, Das S, Bandyopadhyay N, Lu L, Zhu M, Naskar JP. Spectroscopic and molecular docking studies on the interaction of human serum albumin with copper(II) complexes. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2017; 173:740-748. [PMID: 27792986 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2016.10.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Two osazone based ligands, butane-2,3-dione bis(2'-pyridylhydrazone) (BDBPH) and hexane-3,4-dione bis(2'-pyridylhydrazone) (HDBPH), were synthesized out of the 2:1M Schiff base condensation of 2-hydrazino pyridine respectively with 2,3-butanedione and 3,4-hexanedione. The X-ray crystal structures of both the ligands have been determined. The copper(II) complex of HDBPH has also been synthesized and structurally characterized. HDBPH and its copper(II) complex have thoroughly been characterized through various spectroscopic and analytical techniques. The X-ray crystal structure of the copper complex of HDBPH shows that it is a monomeric Cu(II) complex having 'N4O2' co-ordination chromophore. Interaction of human serum albumin (HSA) with these ligands and their monomeric copper(II) complexes have been studied by various spectroscopic means. The experimental findings show that the ligands as well as their copper complexes are good HSA binders. Molecular docking investigations have also been done to unravel the mode of binding of the species with HSA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Suman Das
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | | | - Liping Lu
- Institute of Molecular Science, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of the Education Ministry, Shanxi University, 92 Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, People's Republic of China
| | - Miaoli Zhu
- Institute of Molecular Science, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of the Education Ministry, Shanxi University, 92 Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, People's Republic of China
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24
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Kazemi Z, Rudbari HA, Sahihi M, Mirkhani V, Moghadam M, Tangestaninejad S, Mohammadpoor-Baltork I, Gharaghani S. Synthesis, characterization and biological application of four novel metal-Schiff base complexes derived from allylamine and their interactions with human serum albumin: Experimental, molecular docking and ONIOM computational study. J Photochem Photobiol B 2016; 162:448-62. [PMID: 27450299 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2016.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Novel metal-based drug candidate including VOL2, NiL2, CuL2 and PdL2 have been synthesized from 2-hydroxy-1-allyliminomethyl-naphthalen ligand and have been characterized by means of elemental analysis (CHN), FT-IR and UV-vis spectroscopies. In addition, (1)H and (13)C NMR techniques were employed for characterization of the PdL2 complex. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction technique was utilized to characterise the structure of the complexes. The Cu(II), Ni(II) and Pd(II) complexes show a square planar trans-coordination geometry, while in the VOL2, the vanadium center has a distorted tetragonal pyramidal N2O3 coordination sphere. The HSA-binding was also determined, using fluorescence quenching, UV-vis spectroscopy, and circular dichroism (CD) titration method. The obtained results revealed that the HSA affinity for binding the synthesized compounds follows as PdL2>CuL2>VOL2>NiL2, indicating the effect of metal ion on binding constant. The distance between these compounds and HSA was obtained based on the Förster's theory of non-radiative energy transfer. Furthermore, computational methods including molecular docking and our Own N-layered Integrated molecular Orbital and molecular Mechanics (ONIOM) were carried out to investigate the HSA-binding of the compounds. Molecular docking calculation indicated the existence of hydrogen bond between amino acid residues of HSA and all synthesized compounds. The formation of the hydrogen bond in the HSA-compound systems leads to their stabilization. The ONIOM method was utilized in order to investigate HSA binding of compounds more precisely in which molecular mechanics method (UFF) and semi empirical method (PM6) were selected for the low layer and the high layer, respectively. The results show that the structural parameters of the compounds changed along with binding to HSA, indicating the strong interaction between the compounds and HSA. The value of binding constant depends on the extent of the resultant changes. This should be mentioned that both theoretical methods calculated the Kb values in the same sequence and are in a good agreement with the experimental data.
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25
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Alsalme A, Laeeq S, Dwivedi S, Khan MS, Al Farhan K, Musarrat J, Khan RA. Synthesis, characterization of α-amino acid Schiff base derived Ru/Pt complexes: Induces cytotoxicity in HepG2 cell via protein binding and ROS generation. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2016; 163:1-7. [PMID: 27002605 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2016.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Revised: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We have synthesized two new complexes of platinum (1) and ruthenium (2) with α-amino acid, l-alanine, and 2,3-dihydroxybenzaldehyde derived Schiff base (L). The ligand and both complexes were characterized by using elemental analysis and several other spectroscopic techniques viz; IR, (1)H, (13)C NMR, EPR, and ESI-MS. Furthermore, the protein-binding ability of synthesized complexes was monitored by UV-visible, fluorescence and circular dichroism techniques with a model protein, human serum albumin (HSA). Both the PtL2 and RuL2 complexes displayed significant binding towards HSA. Also, in vitro cytotoxicity assay for both complexes was carried out on human hepatocellular carcinoma cancer (HepG2) cell line. The results showed concentration-dependent inhibition of cell viability. Moreover, the generation of reactive oxygen species was also evaluated, and results exhibited substantial role in cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Alsalme
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sameen Laeeq
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Sourabh Dwivedi
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Mohd Shahnawaz Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Al Farhan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Javed Musarrat
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Rais Ahmad Khan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
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26
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Valkó KL. Lipophilicity and biomimetic properties measured by HPLC to support drug discovery. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2016; 130:35-54. [PMID: 27084527 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2016.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
HPLC methods that use chromatographic retention times for gaining information about the properties of compounds for the purpose of designing drug molecules are reviewed. Properties, such as lipophilicity, protein binding, phospholipid binding, and acid/base character can be incorporated in the design of molecules with the right biological distribution and pharmacokinetic profile to become an effective drug. Standardization of various methodologies is suggested in order to obtain data suitable for inter-laboratory comparison. The published HPLC methods for lipophilicity, acid/base character, protein and phospholipid binding are critically reviewed and compared with each other using the solvation equation approach. One of the most important discussion points is how these data can be used in models and how they can influence the drug discovery process. Therefore, the published models for volume of distribution, unbound volume of distribution and drug efficiency are also discussed. The general relationships between the chemical structure and biomimetic HPLC properties are described in view of ranking and selecting putative drug molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klára L Valkó
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry, UCL School of Pharmacy, London, United Kingdom; Bio-Mimetic Chromatography Consultancy, 17 Cabot Close, Stevenage, Herts SG2 0ES, United Kingdom.
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