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King AJ, Bilardi JE, Maddaford K, Fairley CK, Chow EP, Phillips TR. Sexual health clinic attendees' views on antibiotic post-exposure prophylaxis and vaccinations for sexually transmitted infections prevention: A qualitative study. Prev Med Rep 2024; 38:102628. [PMID: 38375181 PMCID: PMC10874840 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2024.102628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The rising prevalence of bacterial sexually transmitted infections (STIs) is cause for concern in the context of antimicrobial resistance and the potential health outcomes of untreated infections. Objective The Community Awareness and Surveillance of Transmission (CAST) study sought sexual health service users' views on reducing the prevalence of STIs. Methods Semi-structured interviews were conducted with sexual health clinic attendees who had received a diagnosis of chlamydia, gonorrhea or syphilis in the previous six months. Participant comments relating to antibiotic post-exposure prophylaxis (APEP) and vaccination were inductively coded, then compared using comparative qualitative data analysis methods described by Miles and Huberman. Findings Twenty-one participants with differing genders, ages, nationalities and sexual orientations, were interviewed. Participants across informant groups expressed concerns about APEP for STI prevention because of potential antimicrobial resistance and personal health impacts. Vaccination against bacterial STIs was more acceptable. Common factors mentioned in relation to both interventions included perception of individual STI risk over time, safety, effectiveness and accessibility. Conclusions The views of sexual health service users support efforts to find alternatives to more frequent use of antibiotics, such as vaccinations against bacterial STIs, to reduce STI incidence and support antimicrobial stewardship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia J. King
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jade E. Bilardi
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of General Practice, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kate Maddaford
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christopher K. Fairley
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Eric P.F. Chow
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tiffany R. Phillips
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Rodriguez J, Radjack R, Moro MR, Lachal J. Migrant adolescents' experience of depression as they, their parents, and their health-care professionals describe it: a systematic review and qualitative meta-synthesis. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2024; 33:1-19. [PMID: 35301589 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-022-01971-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Migrant youth are vulnerable and face a risk of internalised disorders such as depression. This qualitative meta-synthesis explores migrant adolescents' experience of depression. 14 studies (7 qualitative studies and 7 case reports) were selected after a systematic search of PubMed, Embase, Scopus and PsycInfo. Their quality was assessed with the Critical Appraisal Tool (CASP) for qualitative studies and the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) checklist for case reports. The analysis identified six themes describing the experience of depression among migrant adolescents: (1) the vulnerability factors underlying depressive distress, before, during and after migration; (2) the subjective experience of depression, combining symptoms associated with a form of depression common in the West with symptoms more common in other cultures; (3) two types of aetiological hypotheses to make sense of their distress; (4) attitudes adopted in response to distress; (5) experience of care, especially reasons discouraging investment in care; and (6) impairment of identity construction by breaks in cultural transmission and intergenerational conflicts. The threat of losing their connections both at the interpersonal (connection to family, peers and community) and intrapsychic levels (construction of identity) is inherently linked to migrant adolescents' experience of depression. We propose to adapt Brandenberger's 3C model (communication, continuity of care, and confidence) for the care of young migrants to promote a therapeutic alliance, foster construction of a coherent bicultural identity, and support the family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliette Rodriguez
- APHP, Hôpital Cochin, Maison de Solenn, 75014, Paris, France.
- Université de Paris, Paris, France.
| | - Rahmeth Radjack
- APHP, Hôpital Cochin, Maison de Solenn, 75014, Paris, France
- Université de Paris, PCPP, 92100, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, CESP, Team DevPsy, 94807, Villejuif, France
| | - Marie Rose Moro
- APHP, Hôpital Cochin, Maison de Solenn, 75014, Paris, France
- Université de Paris, PCPP, 92100, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, CESP, Team DevPsy, 94807, Villejuif, France
| | - Jonathan Lachal
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, CESP, Team DevPsy, 94807, Villejuif, France
- Service de Psychiatrie de l'Enfant et de l'Adolescent, CHU de Clermont-Ferrand, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Université Clermont Auvergne, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Flores J, Taylor B, Hazra A, Pollack H, Pho MT, Schneider J. Stigma towards persons who use methamphetamine: Results from a nationally representative survey of U.S. Adults. Prev Med Rep 2023; 36:102496. [PMID: 38021413 PMCID: PMC10663842 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2023.102496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This study seeks to understand the general adult population's knowledge, attitudes, and stigma towards methamphetamine use and people with a history of methamphetamine use utilizing a cross-sectional national survey. We analyzed data from a cross-sectional survey drawn from AmeriSpeak®, a probability-based ongoing panel of over 35,000 households representative of the U.S. household population. We developed a 10-item social stigma scale, and estimated a multivariable generalized linear regression model for public stigma towards methamphetamine use as our dependent variable and a series of covariates. Six adjusted independent variables were noted to be significantly associated with higher stigma towards methamphetamine use: older age, higher household income, married status, Republican party affiliation, no history of methamphetamine use, and higher racism score. Sex assigned at birth, race (with Black as reference category), education level, and history of arrest or incarceration showed no statistical significance in stigma scores. In a separate regression model limited to people with a history of methamphetamine use (n = 727), notably White respondents had lower stigma compared to Black respondents. Our large population-based survey identified several factors associated with higher stigma towards those who use methamphetamines, including higher racist attitudes which was associated with a higher stigma score and higher internalized stigma amongst Black respondents with a history of methamphetamine use. Given the scope of methamphetamine use in the U.S., addressing stigma, in particular in regard to race, may impact the nation's public health efforts to reduce methamphetamine-associated adverse outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Flores
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Bruce Taylor
- Public Health Department, NORC at the University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Aniruddha Hazra
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Harold Pollack
- University of Chicago, Social Service Administration, University of Chicago Crime Lab and Health Lab, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mai T Pho
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - John Schneider
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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Castonguay A, Farthing P, Davies S, Vogelsang L, Kleib M, Risling T, Green N. Revolutionizing nursing education through Ai integration: A reflection on the disruptive impact of ChatGPT. Nurse Educ Today 2023; 129:105916. [PMID: 37515957 DOI: 10.1016/j.nedt.2023.105916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) is driving global change. An AI language model like ChatGPT could revolutionize the delivery of nursing education in the future. ChatGPT is an AI-enabled text generator that has garnered significant attention due to its ability to engage in conversations and answer questions. Nurse educators play a crucial role in preparing nursing students for a technology-integrated healthcare system, and the emergence of ChatGPT presents both opportunities and challenges. While the technology has limitations and potential biases, it also has the potential to benefit students by facilitating learning, improving digital literacy, and encouraging critical thinking about AI integration in healthcare. Nurse educators can incorporate ChatGPT into their curriculum through formative or summative assessments and should prioritize faculty development to understand and use AI technologies effectively. Collaboration between educational institutions, regulatory bodies, and educators is crucial to establish provincial and national competencies and frameworks that reflect the increasing importance of AI in nursing education and practice. It is paramount that nurses and nurse educators be open to AI-enabled innovations as well as continue to critically think about their potential value to advance the profession so nurses are better prepared to lead the digital future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Castonguay
- University of Montreal, Nursing Faculty, Marguerite-d'Youville Campus, C.P. 6128 succ. Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada.
| | - Pamela Farthing
- Saskatchewan Polytechnic, Faculty, School of Nursing, SCBScN, Canada.
| | | | - Laura Vogelsang
- University of Lethbridge, Faculty of Health Sciences, Canada.
| | - Manal Kleib
- University of Alberta, Faculty of Nursing, Canada.
| | | | - Nadia Green
- University of Alberta, Faculty of Nursing, Canada.
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Andina-Díaz E, Canga-Gutierrez C, García-Fernández A, Prieto-García M, Fernández-Feito A. [Reacciones de las mujeres ante el folleto del Programa de Detección Precoz del Cáncer de Mama.]. Rev Esp Salud Publica 2023; 97:e202308065. [PMID: 37970987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Breast cancer screening (BCS) leaflets are important for outreach and dissemination of BCS programs. Knowing how women perceive these leaflets is relevant to better understand their attitude towards BCS. The objective of this paper was to explore women's reactions regarding BCS leaflet. METHODS A simple descriptive qualitative design was performed involving women aged between forty and sixty years of age in Asturias (Spain). Twenty-six semi-structured interviews were conducted with women of different socioeconomic profiles in 2018. Thematic analysis was carried out. RESULTS Reading the leaflet elicited positive emotions such as peace of mind, well-being or gratitude, in addition to fear or anxiety. The women expressed various beliefs about breast cancer (highly prevalent and high survival rates), about BCS (a program aimed at prevention, a normative activity among their peers) and about the relevant role of health services and the media. Ambivalent attitudes towards BCS were detected, related to emotions. CONCLUSIONS The emotional response after reading the brochure is ambivalent, although most of the women express positive emotions. Women compare the information with previous beliefs, especially regarding breast cancer (BC) and BCS. It is important to understand how certain emotions (especially negative ones) are closely related to the attitude towards BCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Andina-Díaz
- Departamento de Enfermería y Fisioterapia; Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud; Universidad de León. León. España
- Salud, Bienestar, Ingeniería y Sostenibilidad Sociosanitaria; Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud; Universidad de León. León. España
- Enfermería y Cultura de los Cuidados; Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud; Universidad de Alicante. Alicante. España
| | - Carlos Canga-Gutierrez
- Dirección de Atención Integrada de la Organización Sanitaria Integrada (OSI) Donostialdea. Red de Salud Comunitaria de Osakidetza-Servicio Vasco de Salud. Eibar. España
| | - Ana García-Fernández
- Servicio de Salud Poblacional; Consejería de Salud del Principado de Asturias. Oviedo. España
| | - Miguel Prieto-García
- Servicio de Alertas y Emergencias Sanitarias COVID-19; Consejería de Salud del Principado de Asturias. Oviedo. España
| | - Ana Fernández-Feito
- Departamento de Medicina; Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud; Universidad de Oviedo. Oviedo. España
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias. Oviedo. España
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Mitsui T, Yamamoto S, Endo M. Science electives in high school will improve nutrition knowledge but not enough to make accurate decisions. Nutr Res Pract 2023; 17:803-811. [PMID: 37529261 PMCID: PMC10375322 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2023.17.4.803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Nutrition knowledge has been reported to have a weak positive effect on healthy eating behavior. This study aimed to determine if there was a difference in nutrition knowledge depending on the choice of science subject in high school and whether that affected the actual eating habits of college students in Japan. SUBJECTS/METHODS The subjects were 514 college students, the majority first-year students, in 3 cities in Japan. A questionnaire survey was conducted on elective subjects in science in high school, diet (11 items), lifestyle (5 items), and nutrition knowledge (34 questions). The preliminary survey was conducted on 47 students in the fall of 2019, and the full-scale survey was conducted in May-June and October-November 2021 at the end of lectures for the first-year students. RESULTS The students in the high-score group (24-31 points, n = 180) had a higher intake of vegetables (odds ratio [OR], 1.78; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.12-2.82; P = 0.015) and breakfast (OR, 1.64; 95% CI, 1.03-2.60; P = 0.035), and a reduced intake of fast food (OR, 0.27; 95% CI, 0.14-0.51; P < 0.001) than those in the low-score group (6-19 points, n = 150). Only the biology and chemistry students had significantly higher nutrition scores than the other groups (all: P < 0.001), but no significant difference was found between the other groups. Understanding nutrition learned in elementary and junior high school is appropriate, while molecular structure, recommended amount, and food poisoning were insufficient. CONCLUSIONS Knowledge of nutrition appears to have a positive effect on the actual eating habits of college students. Although biology and chemistry in high school may help students understand the foundations of good nutrition, specialized food education may be required to make informed dietary choices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Mitsui
- Department of Home Economics, Faculty of Education, Iwate University, Iwate 020-8550, Japan
| | - Susumu Yamamoto
- Graduate School of Teacher Education, Iwate University, Iwate 020-8550, Japan
| | - Morito Endo
- Faculty of Human Health Science, Hachinohe Gakuin University, Aomori 031-8588, Japan
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Leelakanok N, Kangwanrattanakul K, Petchsomrit A, Sapapsap B, Siritientong T, Methaneethorn J. After morning, phew! A knowledge, attitudes, and practices survey related to emergency oral contraception in Thai pharmacists. J Pharm Policy Pract 2023; 16:97. [PMID: 37528496 PMCID: PMC10391845 DOI: 10.1186/s40545-023-00601-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pharmacists' knowledge and attitude toward Emergency Oral Contraception (EOC) can affect users' access to EOCs, especially where EOCs are provided by pharmacists without the need for prescriptions. We conducted a Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practice (KAP) survey on Thai pharmacists to better understand KAP related to EOCs and the correlation among KAP components. METHODS An in-depth interview, GoogleTrend search, and Pantip.com search were conducted. The findings, together with data from a previously published systematic review and meta-analysis, were used to develop KAP survey questions which were distributed online. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient and linear mixed model were used to investigate the correlation and association among KAP components. RESULTS The in-depth interview with pharmacists showed that sex and unwanted pregnancy are very sensitive topics in Thailand. Sex and EOC education should be provided by parents and healthcare professionals at a young age. This agreed with opinions from Thai internet users that sex literacy was generally low and sex education was not provided adequately. From the total of 421 survey responses, Thai pharmacists had average knowledge, poor attitude, and average practice related to EOCs (median score = 51.02%, 21.81%, and 60.0%, respectively). The correlations between KAP in pharmacists were weak (ρ = 0.107-0.525, p < 0.02). Pharmacists who rated themselves as having higher scores in knowledge and attitude also rated themselves higher in the practice score. However, the total scores describing the knowledge of or attitude toward EOCs were not associated with EOC practice scores. CONCLUSIONS In Thai pharmacists, self-rating KAP scores overestimated total KAP scores. The correlation among KAP components was weak. EOC knowledge and attitudes should be promoted, although this may not improve EOC practice in Thai pharmacists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nattawut Leelakanok
- Division of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Burapha University, 169 Long-Hard Bangsaen Rd, Mueang, Chonburi, 20131, Thailand
| | - Krittaphas Kangwanrattanakul
- Division of Social and Administrative Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Burapha University, 169 Long-Hard Bangsaen Rd., Mueang, Chonburi, 20131, Thailand.
| | - Arpa Petchsomrit
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Burapha University, 169 Long-Hard Bangsaen Rd, Mueang, Chonburi, 20131, Thailand
| | - Bannawich Sapapsap
- Division of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Burapha University, 169 Long-Hard Bangsaen Rd, Mueang, Chonburi, 20131, Thailand
| | - Tippawan Siritientong
- Department of Food and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Burn and Wound Care, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Janthima Methaneethorn
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
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Sijben J, Peters Y, Rainey L, Gashi M, Broeders MJ, Siersema PD. Professionals' views on the justification for esophageal adenocarcinoma screening: A systematic literature search and qualitative analysis. Prev Med Rep 2023; 34:102264. [PMID: 37273526 PMCID: PMC10236474 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2023.102264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Screening for early esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC), including screening for its precursor Barrett's esophagus (BE), has the potential to reduce EAC-related mortality and morbidity. This literature review aimed to explore professionals' views on the justification for EAC screening. A systematic search of Ovid Medline, EMBASE, and PsycInfo, from January 1, 2000 to September 22, 2022, identified 5 original studies and 63 expert opinion articles reporting professionals' perspectives on EAC screening. Included articles were qualitatively analyzed using the framework method, which was deductively led by modernized screening principles. The analyses showed that many professionals are optimistic about technological advancements in BE detection and treatment. However, views on whether the societal burden of EAC merits screening were contradictory. In addition, knowledge of the long-term benefits and risks of EAC screening is still considered insufficient. There is no consensus on who to screen, how often to screen, which screening test to use, and how to manage non-dysplastic BE. Professionals further point out the need to develop technology that facilitates automated test sample processing and public education strategies that avoid causing disproportionately high cancer worry and social stigma. In conclusion, modernized screening principles are currently insufficiently fulfilled to justify widespread screening for EAC. Results from future clinical screening trials and risk prediction modeling studies may shift professionals' thoughts regarding justification for EAC screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmijn Sijben
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Yonne Peters
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Linda Rainey
- Department for Health Evidence, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Mejdan Gashi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Mireille J.M. Broeders
- Department for Health Evidence, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Dutch Expert Center for Screening, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter D. Siersema
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC - University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Häusler M, Lalji R, Hofstetter L, Hincapié CA. Feasibility of a new clinical journal club implementation and its association with knowledge, attitudes, and application of evidence-based practice among chiropractic students and trainees: a before-and-after healthcare education improvement study. Chiropr Man Therap 2023; 31:22. [PMID: 37488634 PMCID: PMC10367234 DOI: 10.1186/s12998-023-00494-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence-based practice (EBP) is the integration of best research evidence with clinical expertise and patients' values and preferences. Little is known about knowledge, attitudes, and application of EBP among chiropractic students and trainees. Our aims were to (1) examine the feasibility of implementing a new journal club format within a Swiss university chiropractic healthcare education setting, and (2) assess the associations between the new journal club implementation and EBP characteristics among chiropractic students. METHODS A before-and-after study was conducted through a newly implemented journal club with 5th and 6th year chiropractic students and postgraduate trainees between 1 and 2021 and 31 July 2021. The journal club was developed based on the "community of practice" and "team-based learning" conceptual frameworks. EBP knowledge, attitudes, personal application, and future use, were assessed with a validated questionnaire. We summarised participant characteristics using descriptive statistics, estimated before-and-after EBP total and subscale scores (i.e., knowledge, attitudes, personal application, and future use), and conducted an exploratory subgroup analysis based on journal club attendance (Group A: 3-5 sessions attended; Group B: ≤ 2 sessions attended). RESULTS Among 32 eligible students and trainees, 29 participants (mean age 26 years; 79% women) were enrolled: 25 (78%) responded to the pre- and 29 (91%) to the post-assessment surveys. Most (80%) were chiropractic students and 20% were postgraduate trainees. Group A consisted of 12 (41%) and Group B of 17 (59%) participants, respectively. We found reasonable feasibility for the new journal club format and our findings were compatible with no difference in before-and-after EBP scores (median EBP total score before: 72.6 [IQR, 63.7-77.4], and after: 73.4 [IQR, 61.3-78.2]). Exploratory subgroup analyses based on journal club attendance were consistent with our overall findings. CONCLUSION Our study suggests that the newly implemented journal club and embedding chiropractic educational research within the journal club were feasible and acceptable. Small before-and-after differences in the EBP subscale scores for knowledge, attitudes, personal application, and future use were observed in chiropractic students and postgraduate trainees. The small study size and short timeframe during a single semester limit potential inferences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Häusler
- EBPI-UWZH Musculoskeletal Epidemiology Research Group, University of Zurich and Balgrist University Hospital, Forchstrasse 340, Zurich, 8008, Switzerland.
- Department of Chiropractic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Rahim Lalji
- EBPI-UWZH Musculoskeletal Epidemiology Research Group, University of Zurich and Balgrist University Hospital, Forchstrasse 340, Zurich, 8008, Switzerland
- Department of Chiropractic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute (EBPI), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- University Spine Centre Zurich (UWZH), Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Léonie Hofstetter
- EBPI-UWZH Musculoskeletal Epidemiology Research Group, University of Zurich and Balgrist University Hospital, Forchstrasse 340, Zurich, 8008, Switzerland
- Department of Chiropractic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Cesar A Hincapié
- EBPI-UWZH Musculoskeletal Epidemiology Research Group, University of Zurich and Balgrist University Hospital, Forchstrasse 340, Zurich, 8008, Switzerland
- Department of Chiropractic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute (EBPI), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- University Spine Centre Zurich (UWZH), Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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de Mélo Silva Júnior ML, Oliveira AGC, Gois WM, Oliveira MFA, de Góis LMD, Ferreira LP, Vilanova MVDS. Different words for stroke: the same concept? an analysis of associated symptoms and intended reaction in Brazil. BMC Neurol 2023; 23:273. [PMID: 37464301 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-023-03327-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Different names for stroke might mislead physicians and emergency medical service workers. This study aimed to assess the different words for stroke in Brazil and both intended response and related symptoms associated with those names. METHODS Cross-sectional study enrolling healthy individuals from urban areas in Northeast of Brazil for an open-ended survey. We presented a typical clinical case of a stroke (an elderly who had sudden onset of hemiparalysis and slurred speech) and asked "what is happening?", "what would you do?" and "which other symptoms could happen in this condition?". RESUTS From 1,475 interviewed individuals, 1,220 (82,7%) recognized the scenario as a stroke. There were 3 words to correctly identify (based on correct intended response and spontaneously evoked associated symptoms) the stroke, which were "AVC" (acronym for cerebrovascular accident, in Portuguese), "derrame" (spillage) and "trombose" (thrombosis). There were significant differences among them concerning demographic, economic, educational and geographical aspects, but there was no difference according to the intended reaction among them. The most cited associated symptoms (excluding those present in the case) were impaired consciousness (10.6%), headache (8.9%) and dysesthesia (7.7%). "Aneurisma" (aneurism) was also cited, by 3 individuals. CONCLUSION There are at least three words for stroke in Portuguese ("AVC", "derrame" and "trombose"); they were similar in terms of correct intended responses and spontaneously cited accompanying symptoms. Stroke campaigns should apply different names to reach a broader audience and to improve stroke recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mário Luciano de Mélo Silva Júnior
- Medical Sciences Center, Division of Neuropsychiatry, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil.
- Neurology Unit, Hospital da Restauração, Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil.
- Medical School, Uninassau, Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil.
| | | | - Weslley Medeiros Gois
- Universidade Federal de Sergipe, curso de graduação em Medicina, Lagarto, Sergipe, Brasil
| | | | | | - Lucas Pereira Ferreira
- Universidade Potiguar, curso de graduação em Medicina, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil
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Colleti Júnior J, Prata-Barbosa A, Araujo OR, Tonial CT, de Oliveira FRC, de Souza DC, Lima-Setta F, de Oliveira TSJ, de Mello MLFMF, Amoretti C, João PRD, Neves CC, Oliveira NS, Costa CFA, Garros D. Knowledge regarding extracorporeal membrane oxygenation management among Brazilian pediatric intensivists: a cross-sectional survey. Crit Care Sci 2023; 35:57-65. [PMID: 37712730 PMCID: PMC10275299 DOI: 10.5935/2965-2774.20230350-en] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess Brazilian pediatric intensivists' general knowledge of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, including evidence for its use, the national funding model, indications, and complications. METHODS This was a multicenter cross-sectional survey including 45 Brazilian pediatric intensive care units. A convenience sample of 654 intensivists was surveyed regarding their knowledge on managing patients on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, its indications, complications, funding, and literature evidence. RESULTS The survey addressed questions regarding the knowledge and experience of pediatric intensivists with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, including two clinical cases and 6 optional questions about the management of patients on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Of the 45 invited centers, 42 (91%) participated in the study, and 412 of 654 (63%) pediatric intensivists responded to the survey. Most pediatric intensive care units were from the Southeast region of Brazil (59.5%), and private/for-profit hospitals represented 28.6% of the participating centers. The average age of respondents was 41.4 (standard deviation 9.1) years, and the majority (77%) were women. Only 12.4% of respondents had taken an extracorporeal membrane oxygenation course. Only 19% of surveyed hospitals have an extracorporeal membrane oxygenation program, and only 27% of intensivists reported having already managed patients on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Specific extracorporeal membrane oxygenation management questions were responded to by only 64 physicians (15.5%), who had a fair/good correct response rate (median 63.4%; range 32.8% to 91.9%). CONCLUSION Most Brazilian pediatric intensivists demonstrated limited knowledge regarding extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, including its indications and complications. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation is not yet widely available in Brazil, with few intensivists prepared to manage patients on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and even fewer intensivists recognizing when to refer patients to extracorporeal membrane oxygenation centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Colleti Júnior
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein -
São Paulo (SP), Brazil
| | | | - Orlei Ribeiro Araujo
- Grupo de Apoio ao Adolescente e à Criança com
Câncer, Instituto de Oncologia Pediátrica, Universidade Federal de
São Paulo - São Paulo (SP), Brazil
| | - Cristian Tedesco Tonial
- Department of Pediatrics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul
- Porto Alegre (RS), Brazil
| | | | - Daniela Carla de Souza
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Universitário,
Universidade de São Paulo - São Paulo (SP), Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Carolina Amoretti
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Universitário Professor
Edgar Santos, Universidade Federal da Bahia - Salvador (BA), Brazil
| | | | | | - Norma Suely Oliveira
- Department of Pediatrics, Universidade Federal do Espírito
Santo - Vitória (ES), Brazil
| | | | - Daniel Garros
- Stollery Childrens Hospital, University of Alberta - Edmonton,
Canada
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Khoo T, Sidhu N, Marine F, Lester S, Quinlivan A, Rowett D, Buchbinder R, Hill CL. Perceptions towards biologic and biosimilar therapy of patients with rheumatic and gastroenterological conditions. BMC Rheumatol 2022; 6:79. [PMID: 36550585 DOI: 10.1186/s41927-022-00309-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biologic and targeted synthetic disease modifying agents (b/tsDMARDs) have broadened the treatment landscape for autoimmune diseases particularly in patients refractory to conventional DMARDs. More recently, the introduction of biosimilars has reduced the price of bDMARDs, potentially improving accessibility. Though efficacy and safety have been described, patient attitudes to b/tsDMARDs are not well-understood. We aim to investigate patients' beliefs about biologic and biosimilar therapy, and the factors influencing their perceptions. METHODS Patient consumer groups (Arthritis Australia, Crohn's and Colitis Australia) assisted in advertising an online questionnaire for people with a self-reported diagnosis of inflammatory arthritis (IA) or inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The questionnaire incorporated the Belief about Medicines Questionnaire (BMQ) and the single-item literacy screener (SILS). Sources and favourability of biologic/biosimilar information were analysed, using the chi-square and a non-parametric trend test for unordered and ordered categorical variables respectively, comparing respondents with IA and IBD. RESULTS Eight hundred and thirty eight people (686-IA, 144-IBD, 8 both) responded. 658 (79%) used b/tsDMARDs. The BMQ demonstrated high necessity belief (median 4.2) with moderate concerns (median 2.8) about biologics. 95% of respondents obtained medication information from specialists though most used multiple sources (median 4). The most positive resources were specialists and specialist nurses. 73/141 (52%) respondents with IBD obtained information from specialist nurses compared with 202/685 (29%) with IA (p = 0.012). Respondents with limited reading ability on SILS were more likely to discuss information with a general practitioner or pharmacist. Younger respondents and those with higher BMQ concern scores more frequently consulted less reliable sources (e.g. social media). 502 respondents (60%) answered the biosimilar questions. Only 23 (4.6%) reported currently using a biosimilar and 336 (66.9%) were unsure if biosimilars were available in Australia. Specialist recommendation was the most frequent factor that would influence a patient to change from originator to biosimilar (352/495, 71.1%). CONCLUSIONS There is a high level of trust in specialists' recommendations about b/tsDMARDs, although most people also utilise additional information sources. Contextual factors influencing resource selection include age, reading ability and degree of concern about medicines. People with IA and IBD have similar attitudes though those with IBD more frequently access specialist nurse advice.
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Daly MP, White J, Sanders J, Kipping RR. Women's knowledge, attitudes and views of preconception health and intervention delivery methods: a cross-sectional survey. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2022; 22:729. [PMID: 36151510 PMCID: PMC9508727 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-022-05058-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Several preconception exposures have been associated with adverse pregnancy, birth and postpartum outcomes. However, few studies have investigated women’s knowledge of and attitudes towards preconception health, and the acceptability of potential intervention methods. Methods Seven primary care centres in the West of England posted questionnaires to 4330 female patients aged 18 to 48 years. Without providing examples, we asked women to list maternal preconception exposures that might affect infant and maternal outcomes, and assessed their knowledge of nine literature-derived risk factors. Attitudes towards preconception health (interest, intentions, self-efficacy and perceived awareness and importance) and the acceptability of intervention delivery methods were also assessed. Multivariable multilevel regression examined participant characteristics associated with these outcomes. Results Of those who received questionnaires, 835 (19.3%) responded. Women were most aware of the preconception risk factors of diet (86.0%) and physical activity (79.2%). Few were aware of weight (40.1%), folic acid (32.9%), abuse (6.3%), advanced age (5.9%) and interpregnancy intervals (0.2%), and none mentioned interpregnancy weight change or excess iron intake. After adjusting for demographic and reproductive covariates, women aged 18–24-years (compared to 40–48-year-olds) and nulligravid women were less aware of the benefit of preconception folic acid supplementation (adjusted odds ratios (aOR) for age: 4.30 [2.10–8.80], gravidity: aOR 2.48 [1.70–3.62]). Younger women were more interested in learning more about preconception health (aOR 0.37 [0.21–0.63]) but nulligravid women were less interested in this (aOR 1.79 [1.30–2.46]). Women with the lowest household incomes (versus the highest) were less aware of preconception weight as a risk factor (aOR: 3.11 [1.65–5.84]) and rated the importance of preconception health lower (aOR 3.38 [1.90–6.00]). The most acceptable information delivery methods were websites/apps (99.5%), printed healthcare materials (98.6%), family/partners (96.3%), schools (94.4%), television (91.9%), pregnancy tests (91.0%) and doctors, midwives and nurses (86.8–97.0%). Dentists (23.9%) and hairdressers/beauticians (18.1%) were the least acceptable. Conclusions Our findings demonstrate a need to promote awareness of preconception risk factors and motivation for preconception health changes, particularly amongst younger and nulligravid women and women with lower incomes. Interventions to improve preconception health should focus on communication from healthcare professionals, schools, family members, and digital media. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12884-022-05058-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Daly
- Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
| | - James White
- School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Julia Sanders
- School of Healthcare Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Ruth R Kipping
- Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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Hammoud S, Amer F, Khatatbeh H, Alfatafta H, Zrínyi M, Kocsis B. Translation and validation of the Hungarian Version of the infection control standardized questionnaire: a cross-sectional study. BMC Nurs 2022; 21:244. [PMID: 36056329 PMCID: PMC9436728 DOI: 10.1186/s12912-022-01024-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To our knowledge, there is currently no psychometrically validated Hungarian scale to evaluate nurses’ knowledge about infection prevention and control (IPC) practices. Thus, we aim in this study to assess the validity and reliability of the infection control standardized questionnaire Hungarian version (ICSQ-H). Methods A cross-sectional, multisite study was conducted among 591 nurses in Hungary. The original ICSQ included 25 questions. First, the questionnaire was translated into Hungarian. Then, content validity was assessed by a committee of four specialists. This was done by calculating the item content validity index and scale content validity index. Afterward, structural validity was evaluated in a two-step process using principal component analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. The goodness of fit for the model was measured through fit indices. Convergent validity was assessed by calculating the average variance extracted. Additionally, discriminant validity was evaluated by computing the Spearman correlation coefficient between the factors. Finally, the interitem correlations, the corrected item-total correlations, and the internal consistency were calculated. Results The content validity of the questionnaire was established with 23 items. The final four-factor ICSQ-H including 10 items showed a good fit model. Convergent validity was met except for the alcohol-based hand rub (ABHR) factor, while discriminant validity was met for all factors. The interitem correlations and the corrected item-total correlations were met for all factors, but the internal consistency of ABHR was unsatisfactory due to the low number of items. Conclusions The results did not support the original three-factor structure of the ICSQ. However, the four-factor ICSQ-H demonstrated an adequate degree of good fit and was found to be reliable. Based on our findings, we believe that the ICSQ-H could pave the way for more research regarding nurses’ IPC knowledge to be conducted in Hungary. Nevertheless, its validation among other healthcare workers is important to tailor effective interventions to enhance knowledge and awareness. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12912-022-01024-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Hammoud
- Doctoral School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, Vörösmarty u. 4, 7621, Pécs, Hungary.
| | - Faten Amer
- Doctoral School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, Vörösmarty u. 4, 7621, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Haitham Khatatbeh
- Doctoral School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, Vörösmarty u. 4, 7621, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Huda Alfatafta
- Doctoral School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, Vörösmarty u. 4, 7621, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Miklós Zrínyi
- Basic Health Sciences and Health Visiting, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Nursing Sciences, University of Pécs, Vörösmarty u. 4, H-7621, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Béla Kocsis
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti u. 12, 7624, Pécs, Hungary
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Koh W, Chakravarthy M, Simon E, Rasiah R, Charuluxananan S, Kim TY, Chew STH, Bräuer A, Ti LK. Perioperative temperature management: a survey of 6 Asia-Pacific countries. BMC Anesthesiol 2021; 21:205. [PMID: 34399681 PMCID: PMC8365903 DOI: 10.1186/s12871-021-01414-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Anesthesia leads to impairments in central and peripheral thermoregulatory responses. Inadvertent perioperative hypothermia is hence a common perioperative complication, and is associated with coagulopathy, increased surgical site infection, delayed drug metabolism, prolonged recovery, and shivering. However, surveys across the world have shown poor compliance to perioperative temperature management guidelines. Therefore, we evaluated the prevalent practices and attitudes to perioperative temperature management in the Asia–Pacific region, and determined the individual and institutional factors that lead to noncompliance. Methods A 40-question anonymous online questionnaire was distributed to anesthesiologists and anesthesia trainees in six countries in the Asia–Pacific (Singapore, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand, India and South Korea). Participants were polled about their current practices in patient warming and temperature measurement across the preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative periods. Questions were also asked regarding various individual and environmental barriers to compliance. Results In total, 1154 valid survey responses were obtained and analyzed. 279 (24.2%) of respondents prewarm, 508 (44.0%) perform intraoperative active warming, and 486 (42.1%) perform postoperative active warming in the majority of patients. Additionally, 531 (46.0%) measure temperature preoperatively, 767 (67.5%) measure temperature intraoperatively during general anesthesia, and 953 (82.6%) measure temperature postoperatively in the majority of patients. The availability of active warming devices in the operating room (p < 0.001, OR 10.040), absence of financial restriction (p < 0.001, OR 2.817), presence of hospital training courses (p = 0.011, OR 1.428), and presence of a hospital SOP (p < 0.001, OR 1.926) were significantly associated with compliance to intraoperative active warming. Conclusions Compliance to international perioperative temperature management guidelines in Asia–Pacific remains poor, especially in small hospitals. Barriers to compliance were limited temperature management equipment, lack of locally-relevant standard operating procedures and training. This may inform international guideline committees on the needs of developing countries, or spur local anesthesiology societies to publish their own national guidelines. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12871-021-01414-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Koh
- Department, of Anaesthesia, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Murali Chakravarthy
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Relief, Fortis Hospital, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Edgard Simon
- Department of Anesthesiology, Philippine General Hospital, University of the Philippines, Ermita, Manila, Philippines
| | - Raveenthiran Rasiah
- Department of Anesthesiology, Avisena Specialist Hospital, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Somrat Charuluxananan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Tae-Yop Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology, Konkuk University Medical Center, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sophia T H Chew
- Department of Anaesthesia, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Anselm Bräuer
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Lian Kah Ti
- Department, of Anaesthesia, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore. .,Department of Anaesthesia, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
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Chan JXY, Wong ML, Gao X, Chia KS, Hong CHL, Hu S. Parental perspectives towards sugar-sweetened beverages and polices: a qualitative study. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2021; 22:1033-1040. [PMID: 34227054 DOI: 10.1007/s40368-021-00648-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This qualitative study aimed to understand parental perception of (1) sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) and implications of SSB on health; (2) their role in shaping their children's consumption of SSB; (3) the influences on SSB consumption of their children; and (4) potential government policies targeted at controlling SSB consumption. METHODS English-speaking parents of pre-schoolers aged 2-6 years were recruited. Semi-structured interviews based on the knowledge, attitude, practice framework were conducted, and transcripts were subjected to thematic analysis based on inductive approaches. Recruitment continued until data saturation was reached. RESULTS Twenty parents participated in the study and themes addressing the objectives identified. (1) There were misconceptions regarding the healthfulness of certain non-packaged SSB such as traditional remedies and juices. Some were unaware about the association between SSB and dental caries. (2) The need to reduce and restrict sugar consumption for overall and oral health reasons was well-recognised, but the extent of control varied. (3) Multiple stakeholders including pre-schools, grandparents and domestic helpers were involved in shaping children's diet. Children's sugar intake was also influenced by environmental factors, such as the ubiquitously available SSB, targeted marketing and high cost of healthy alternatives. (4) Participants were less accepting towards SSB taxation than the ban of SSB sales. CONCLUSION Despite the awareness of the types of SSBs and the general/oral health implications of sugar consumption, misconceptions exist. Although most parents possessed the knowledge and attitude, this did not translate into the practice of reducing sugar consumption in their children. There was no SSB reduction policy that had overwhelming acceptability.
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Affiliation(s)
- J X Y Chan
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - M L Wong
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - X Gao
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Saw Swee Hock School of Public Heath, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - K S Chia
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Heath, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - C H L Hong
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - S Hu
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
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Shebehe J, Ottertun E, Carlén K, Gustafson D. Knowledge about infections is associated with antibiotic use: cross-sectional evidence from the health survey Northern Ireland. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:1041. [PMID: 34078338 PMCID: PMC8170648 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-11018-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antibiotic overuse is the main modifiable driver of antibiotic resistance. Factors associated with overuse have been inconsistently reported and vary across populations. Given the burgeoning occurrence of infectious diseases around the world, there remains a great need to identify barriers and solutions to the control of infections. We examined whether knowledge about infections and antibiotic resistance is associated with antibiotic use in a northern European population sample. METHODS The Health Survey Northern Ireland 2014/15 was completed by a cross-sectional sample of 4135 participants aged > 16 years. Participants were asked whether they had taken an antibiotic in the past 12 months; and six questions were asked concerning knowledge about infections and antibiotic resistance. Correct answers to the six knowledge questions defined a knowledge score (score range 0-6 correct answers). We used multivariable logistic regression to estimate odds of self-reported antibiotic use during the last 12 months in association with knowledge score (lowest score, 0/6, as referent), and response to each knowledge question. Covariates included sex, age group, smoking, alcohol drinking, deprivation index, self-rated health, and satisfaction with life. Results were outputted as Odds Ratios (OR) and 95% Confidence Intervals (CI). RESULTS Antibiotic use in the past 12 months was reported by 39.0% (1614/4135); and 84.2% (3482/4135) scored < 6/6 correct on knowledge statements. Compared to the lowest knowledge score (0/6 correct), the highest knowledge score (6/6 correct) was associated with higher odds of antibiotic use (adjusted OR 2.03, 95% CI [1.46, 2.81], p < 0.001), with a P-value < 0.001 for trend with increasing knowledge score. Female sex, age, high deprivation, and poor general health, were independently associated with higher odds of antibiotic use. Stratified analyses showed sex and age group differences. CONCLUSION Knowledge, and other modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors, were positively associated with antibiotic use in the past 12 months. While the causal direction of these associations could not be determined, given the high prevalence of lesser knowledge, as well as independent contributions of other factors including socioeconomic characteristics, health literacy campaigns to raise awareness of antibiotic resistance should take a multi-pronged approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Shebehe
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.
| | - E Ottertun
- School of Health Sciences, University of Skövde, Skövde, Sweden
| | - K Carlén
- School of Health Sciences, University of Skövde, Skövde, Sweden
| | - D Gustafson
- School of Health Sciences, University of Skövde, Skövde, Sweden
- Department of Neurology, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
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Strauß B, Rosendahl J, Berger U. [Importance of the COVID-19 pandemic for public health and group psychological aspects-Part 2 of a (preliminary) review]. Psychotherapeut (Berl) 2021; 66:186-194. [PMID: 33776213 PMCID: PMC7988379 DOI: 10.1007/s00278-021-00505-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Based upon the findings related to the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on human living conditions and psychological health, in the first part of this review the authors discuss the consequences of the pandemic for public health. It is surprising to see that related to public health but also psychological factors and sequelae of the pandemic, a broad knowledge was already available based upon former pandemics and disasters long before the outbreak of COVID-19. This knowledge has been used very sparsely, if at all, for health political decisions. In view of the social significance of the pandemic and its social impact, findings from group psychology and group dynamics seem to be specifically important for a better understanding of behavior within the population as well as the conceptualization of public health interventions. An increase in psychological disorders was described related to the pandemic. For the treatment of these disorders, a range of psychotherapeutic approaches including evidence-based group psychotherapy are available. Whereas the use of telemedical and digital techniques is increasingly more common within individual psychotherapy, many questions are still open related to online group treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Strauß
- Institut für Psychosoziale Medizin, Psychotherapie und Psychoonkologie, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Stoystr. 3, 07740 Jena, Deutschland
| | - Jenny Rosendahl
- Institut für Psychosoziale Medizin, Psychotherapie und Psychoonkologie, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Stoystr. 3, 07740 Jena, Deutschland
| | - Uwe Berger
- Institut für Psychosoziale Medizin, Psychotherapie und Psychoonkologie, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Stoystr. 3, 07740 Jena, Deutschland
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Castillo E, Patey A, MacDonald N. Vaccination in pregnancy: Challenges and evidence-based solutions. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2021; 76:83-95. [PMID: 34090801 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2021.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Vaccination in pregnancy (VIP) is dually beneficial - it protects the mother and the baby from tetanus, influenza, and pertussis. VIP uptake is low in many countries. Vaccine hesitancy, defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a "delay in acceptance or refusal of vaccination despite the availability of vaccination services" is one of WHO's ten threats to global health per 2019. According to extensive research, mostly from high-income countries (HIC) and limited to tetanus, influenza and pertussis vaccines, lack of provider recommendations, safety concerns, and limitations in access are the main barriers to VIP. Health care provider recommendation is the leading facilitator for VIP across various socioeconomic status groups. Data on strategies to overcome patient, provider, and system barriers to VIP are inconsistent, contradictory, or lacking. Patient-focused research on evidence-based strategies to overcome provider and system barriers is needed. Furthermore, VIP programs require embedded continuous quality improvement to ensure sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliana Castillo
- Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology University of Calgary, Canada.
| | - Andrea Patey
- Centre for Implementation Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Canada; Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Canada
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Wahl HW, Bollheimer LC. [Gerontology, geriatric medicine and robot research : Look back to the future]. Z Gerontol Geriatr 2020; 53:644-646. [PMID: 33057787 PMCID: PMC7556598 DOI: 10.1007/s00391-020-01792-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Assistive robotics as a gerontological geriatric field of research so far seem to be perceived more as "recalcitrant". Predominant is a reserved attitude as to whether this should be considered a research topic to be taken seriously. The reliability of research results and the scientific half-life period are questioned as digital technique generations change exceedingly rapidly and also only a few sustainable standards and guidelines are established. In this context there is a danger that essential developments will be missed in gerontology and geriatrics, then the momentum is active right now and can now be shaped. In the scientific gerontology and geriatrics these developments should not be missed out on but must be grasped with pioneering spirit and proactively co-created. This can be achieved by further research endeavors, public activities and the utilization of knowledge from clinical and nursing practice with each having feedback into development and research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Werner Wahl
- Netzwerk Alternsforschung der Universität Heidelberg und Abteilung für Psychologische Alternsforschung, Psychologisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Bergheimer Str. 20, 69115, Heidelberg, Deutschland.
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Londeree J, Nguyen N, Nguyen LH, Tran DH, Gallo MF. Underestimation of pregnancy risk among women in Vietnam. BMC Womens Health 2020; 20:159. [PMID: 32727435 PMCID: PMC7388449 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-020-01013-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Addressing women’s inaccurate perceptions of their risk of pregnancy is crucial to improve contraceptive uptake and adherence. Few studies, though, have evaluated the factors associated with underestimation of pregnancy risk among women at risk of unintended pregnancy. Methods We assessed the association between demographic and behavioral characteristics and underestimating pregnancy risk among reproductive-age, sexually-active women in Hanoi, Vietnam who did not desire pregnancy and yet were not using highly-effective contraception (N = 237). We dichotomized women into those who underestimated pregnancy likelihood (i.e., ‘very unlikely’ they would become pregnant in the next year), and those who did not underestimate pregnancy likelihood (i.e., ‘somewhat unlikely,’ ‘somewhat likely’ or ‘very likely’). We used bivariable and multivariable logistic regression models to identify correlates of underestimating pregnancy risk. Results Overall, 67.9% (n = 166) of women underestimated their pregnancy risk. In bivariable analysis, underestimation of pregnancy risk was greater among women who were older (> 30 years), who lived in a town or rural area, and who reported that it was “very important” or “important” to them to not become pregnant in the next year. In multivariable analysis, importance of avoiding pregnancy was the sole factor that remained statistically significantly associated with underestimating pregnancy risk (odds ratio [OR]: 0.11; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.05–0.25). In contrast, pregnancy risk underestimation did appear to vary by marital status, ethnicity, education or other behaviors and beliefs relating to contraceptive use. Conclusions Findings reinforce the need to address inaccurate perceptions of pregnancy risk among women at risk of experiencing an unintended pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Londeree
- Division of Epidemiology, The Ohio State University, College of Public Health, Cunz Hall, 1841 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Nghia Nguyen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vinmec International Hospital, 458 Minh Khai, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Linh H Nguyen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vinmec International Hospital, 458 Minh Khai, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Dung H Tran
- Department of Research and Training, Hanoi Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, La Thanh Street, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Maria F Gallo
- Division of Epidemiology, The Ohio State University, College of Public Health, Cunz Hall, 1841 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
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Li S, Cui LY, Anderson C, Gao C, Yu C, Shan G, Wang L, Peng B. Increased recurrent risk did not improve cerebrovascular disease survivors' response to stroke in China: a cross-sectional, community-based study. BMC Neurol 2020; 20:147. [PMID: 32316929 PMCID: PMC7171759 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-020-01724-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cerebrovascular disease (CVD) survivors are at a high risk of recurrent stroke. Although it is thought that survivors with higher risk of stroke respond better to stroke onset, to date, no study has been able to demonstrate that. Thus, we investigated whether the intent to call emergency medical services (EMS) increased with recurrent stroke risk among CVD survivors. Methods A cross-sectional community-based survey was conducted from January 2017 to May 2017, including 187,723 adults (age ≥ 40 years) across 69 administrative areas in China. A CVD survivor population of 6290 was analyzed. According to the stroke risk score based on Essen Stroke Risk Score, CVD survivors were divided into three subgroups: low (0), middle (1–3) and high (4–7) recurrent risk groups. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to identify the association between the stroke risk and stroke recognition, as well as stroke risk and EMS calling. Results The estimated stroke recognition rate in CVD survivors with low, middle, and high risk was 89.0% (503/565), 85.2% (3841/4509), and 82.5% (1001/1213), respectively, while the rate of calling EMS was 66.7% (377/565), 64.3% (2897/4509), and 69.3% (840/1213), respectively. The CVD survivors’ knowledge of recognizing stroke and intent to call EMS did not improve with recurrent stroke risk, even after adjustment for multiple socio-demographic factors. Conclusions Despite being at a higher risk of recurrent stroke, Chinese CVD survivors showed poor knowledge of stroke, and their intent to call EMS did not increase with recurrent stroke risk. Enhanced and stroke risk-orientated education on stroke recognition and proper response is needed for all CVD survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengde Li
- Department of Neurology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shuaifuyuan1, Dong Cheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Li-Ying Cui
- Department of Neurology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shuaifuyuan1, Dong Cheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Craig Anderson
- Neurological and Mental Health Division, The George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,The George Institute for Global Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Chunpeng Gao
- Disease Control and Prevention Office, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Chengdong Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guangliang Shan
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Longde Wang
- Stroke Control Project Committee, The National Health Commission, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Peng
- Department of Neurology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shuaifuyuan1, Dong Cheng District, Beijing, 100730, China.
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Shen Y, Wang TT, Gao M, Hu K, Zhu XR, Zhang X, Wang FB, He C, Sun XY. [Effectiveness evaluation of health belief model-based health education intervention for patients with hypertension in community settings]. Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi 2020; 54:155-159. [PMID: 32074702 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-9624.2020.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of health belief model-based health education intervention in improving blood pressure control of patients with hypertension in community settings. Methods: From September 2016 to September 2017, 400 newly diagnosed patients with hypertension were recruited from 6 community healthcare centers with comparable population size and health services in the Shunyi District of Beijing. All community healthcare centers were randomly assigned to the intervention group (206 patients) and the control group (194 patients). Patients in the intervention group received 3 lectures (20-30 min for each) of health belief model-based health education. Patients in the control group received usual care. The basic characteristics, health beliefs, and health literacy were collected, and blood pressure was measured before and after the intervention, respectively. The difference-in-difference model was used to analyze the change of blood pressure and the influencing factors between two groups before and after the intervention. Results: A total of 134 patients in the intervention group and 129 patients in the control group completed the study. After adjusting for the age, gender, family income, medical insurance, chronic diseases and family history, the score of perceived barriers was increased by 1.65 (P=0.016), and perceived seriousness was decreased by 0.73 (P=0.018). The systolic blood pressure of patients was decreased by 7.37 mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa, P=0.001) and diastolic blood pressure was decreased by 4.07 mmHg (P=0.014), respectively. The β (95%CI) values were -7.37 (-11.88,-2.86) and -4.07 (-7.30, -0.84). The perceived susceptibility and self-efficacy had a significant influence on the blood pressure of patients (P<0.05). Conclusion: Health belief model-based health education intervention could significantly improve the blood pressure control of patients with hypertension in the community settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Shen
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - T T Wang
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - M Gao
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - K Hu
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - X R Zhu
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - X Zhang
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - F B Wang
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - C He
- Health Education Department, Shunyi District Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Beijing, Beijing 101300, China
| | - X Y Sun
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
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Vaillant L, Birgand G, Esposito-Farese M, Astagneau P, Pulcini C, Robert J, Zahar JR, Sales-Wuillemin E, Tubach F, Lucet JC. Awareness among French healthcare workers of the transmission of multidrug resistant organisms: a large cross-sectional survey. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2019; 8:173. [PMID: 31749961 PMCID: PMC6852912 DOI: 10.1186/s13756-019-0625-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Much effort has been made over the last two decades to educate and train healthcare professionals working on antimicrobial resistance in French hospitals. However, little has been done in France to assess perceptions, attitudes and knowledge regarding multidrug resistant organisms (MDROs) and, more globally, these have never been evaluated in a large-scale population of medical and non-medical healthcare workers (HCWs). Our aim was to explore awareness among HCWs by evaluating their knowledge of MDROs and the associated control measures, by comparing perceptions between professional categories and by studying the impact of training and health beliefs. Methods A multicentre cross-sectional study was conducted in 58 randomly selected French healthcare facilities with questionnaires including professional and demographic characteristics, and knowledge and perception of MDRO transmission and control. A knowledge score was calculated and used in a logistic regression analysis to identify factors associated with higher knowledge of MDROs, and the association between knowledge and perception. Results Between June 2014 and March 2016, 8716/11,753 (participation rate, 74%) questionnaires were completed. The mean knowledge score was 4.7/8 (SD: 1.3) and 3.6/8 (SD: 1.4) in medical and non-medical HCWs, respectively. Five variables were positively associated with higher knowledge: working in a university hospital (adjusted odds ratio, 1.41, 95% CI 1.16–1.70); age classes 26–35 years (1.43, 1.23–1.6) and 36–45 years (1.19, 1.01–1.40); medical professional status (3.7, 3.09–4.44), working in an intensive care unit (1.28, 1.06–1.55), and having been trained on control of antimicrobial resistance (1.31, 1.16–1.48). After adjustment for these variables, greater knowledge was significantly associated with four cognitive factors: perceived susceptibility, attitude toward hand hygiene, self-efficacy, and motivation. Conclusions We found a low level of MDRO awareness and knowledge of associated control measures among French HCWs. Training on hand hygiene and measures to control MDRO spread may be helpful in shaping beliefs and perceptions on MDRO control among other possible associated factors. Messages should be tailored to professional status and their perception. Other approaches should be designed, with more effective methods of training and cognitive interventions. Trial registration Clinical Trials.gov NCT02265471. Registered 16 October 2014 - Retrospectively registered.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Vaillant
- AP-HP, Bichat-Claude Bernard Hospital, Infection Control Unit, 48 rue Henri Huchard, F-75018 Paris, France
| | - G Birgand
- 2Department of Medicine, NIHR, Imperial College London, Health Protection Research Unit in Antimicrobial Resistance and Healthcare Associated Infection Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ UK
| | - M Esposito-Farese
- AP-HP, Bichat-Claude Bernard Hospital, Unité de Recherche Clinique Paris Nord Val de Seine and CIC-EC 1425, 48 rue Henri Huchard, F-75018 Paris, France
| | - P Astagneau
- 4Medecine Sorbonne University, AP-HP, Regional centre for Prevention of Healthcare-associated infections, 8 rue Maria Helena Vieira da Silva, 75014 Paris, France
| | - C Pulcini
- 5EA 4360 APEMAC, CHRU de Nancy, University of Lorraine, Infectious and Tropical Diseases Unit, 34 Cours Léopold, 54000 Nancy, France
| | - J Robert
- Sorbonne University, U1135, Team E13, CR7 INSERM, AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Bactériologie-Hygiène, 47-83 Boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - J R Zahar
- 7AP-HP, Avicenne Hospital, Infection Control Unit, 125 Rue de Stalingrad, 93000 Bobigny, France.,8University of Paris, INSERM, IAME, UMR 1137, Paris, France
| | | | - F Tubach
- INSERM, UMR 1123, AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Centre de Pharmacoépidémiologie (Cephepi), 75013 Paris, France
| | - J C Lucet
- AP-HP, Bichat-Claude Bernard Hospital, Infection Control Unit, 48 rue Henri Huchard, F-75018 Paris, France.,8University of Paris, INSERM, IAME, UMR 1137, Paris, France
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Taghdisi MH, Amiri Besheli B, Dehdari T, Khalili F. Knowledge and Practices of Safe Use of Pesticides among a Group of Farmers in Northern Iran. Int J Occup Environ Med 2019; 10:66-72. [PMID: 31041923 PMCID: PMC6524735 DOI: 10.15171/ijoem.2019.1479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Background: The unsafe use of chemical pesticides, along with the lack of appropriate preventive protocols and equipment may damage the health of users. Objective: To determine the knowledge and practice of the safe use of chemical pesticides by farm workers in northern Iran. Methods: The present cross-sectional study was conducted on 300 farmers in Mazandaran province, in 2017. The data collection instrument was a two-part questionnaire: The first part was concentrated on demographic and agricultural characteristics of the participants; the second part dealt with the farmers' knowledge and practice of the safe use of pesticides. Results: The mean knowledge and practice scores (out of 100) of the participating farmers in the safe use of pesticides were 84.8 (SD 13.5) and 50.8 (13.2), respectively. There was a significant positive correlation (r=0.466, p<0.001) between their knowledge and practice. Wearing protective clothes, while applying pesticides, was among safe practices. Although more than 60% of farmers had a sufficient level of knowledge of the safe use of pesticides, they did not implement their knowledge in practice. There was a significant (p<0.001) association between the education level and knowledge of the safe use of pesticides. Conclusion: There was a significant correlation between knowledge and practices of the safe use of pesticides among farmers in northern Iran. There was a clear know-do gap—although the majority of the participants possessed a sufficient level of knowledge of the safe use of pesticides, they did not implement it in practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hossein Taghdisi
- Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behnam Amiri Besheli
- Department of Plant Protection, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran
| | - Tahere Dehdari
- Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Khalili
- Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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So CW, Lui CT, Tsui KL, Chan KL, Law AKK, Wong YK, Li T, Wong CL, Leung SC. Questionnaire survey on medical futility and termination of resuscitation in cardiac arrest patients among emergency physicians in Hong Kong. Hong Kong Med J 2019; 25:183-191. [PMID: 31178438 DOI: 10.12809/hkmj187755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The perceptions of medical futility and decisions about termination of resuscitation (TOR) for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) are highly heterogeneous and dependent on the practice of the attending emergency physicians. The objective of this study was to report and investigate the knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding medical futility and TOR during management of OHCA in Hong Kong. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was conducted among emergency medicine physicians in Hong Kong. The questionnaire assessed participants' background, knowledge, attitudes, and behaviours concerning medical futility and TOR in management of OHCA. Composite scores were calculated to reflect knowledge, attitudes, and practices of OHCA treatment. Subgroup analysis and multiple regression analysis were used to explore the relationship between participants' background, knowledge, attitudes, and behaviours. RESULTS The response rate to this survey was 57% (140/247). Independent predictors of less aggressive resuscitation in OHCA patients included status as a Fellow of the Hong Kong College of Emergency Medicine (β= -0.314, P=0.028) and being an Advanced Cardiac Life Support instructor (β= -0.217, P=0.032). There was no difference in aggressiveness of resuscitation in terms of years of clinical experience (β=0.015, P=0.921), knowledge of TOR (β=0.057, P=0.509), or attitudes about TOR (β= -0.103, P=0.214). The correlation between knowledge and attitudes was low (Spearman's coefficient=0.02, P=0.795). CONCLUSION Clinical practice and behaviour of TOR was not demonstrated to have associations with knowledge or attitude. Status as a Fellow of the Hong Kong College of Emergency Medicine or Advanced Cardiac Life Support instructor were the only two parameters identified that had significant relationships with earlier TOR in medically futile patients with OHCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- C W So
- Department of Accident and Emergency, Tuen Mun Hospital, Tuen Mun, Hong Kong
| | - C T Lui
- Department of Accident and Emergency, Tuen Mun Hospital, Tuen Mun, Hong Kong
| | - K L Tsui
- Department of Accident and Emergency, Pok Oi Hospital, Yuen Long, Hong Kong
| | - K L Chan
- Department of Accident and Emergency, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Jordan, Hong Kong
| | - A K K Law
- Department of Accident and Emergency, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Y K Wong
- Department of Accident and Emergency, Kwong Wah Hospital, Yaumatei, Hong Kong
| | - T Li
- Department of Accident and Emergency, Tseung Kwan O Hospital, Tseung Kwan O, Hong Kong
| | - C L Wong
- Department of Accident and Emergency, Princess Margaret Hospital, Laichikok, Hong Kong
| | - S C Leung
- Accident and Emergency Department, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
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Dong J, Gao CC, Xu CX, Tang JL, Ren J, Zhang JY, Chen X, Shi WH, Zhao YF, Guo XL, Ma JX. [Evaluation on the effect of salt reduction intervention among fourth-grade primary school students and their parents in Shandong Province]. Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi 2019; 53:519-522. [PMID: 31091612 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-9624.2019.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In order to evaluate the intervention effect of the school-based salt reduction model, 28 primary schools were selected in Shandong Province in September 2014 and randomly divided into intervention group (1 361 students, 1 306 parents) and control group (1 364 students,1 340 parents). A series of "small hands and big hands" salt reduction intervention activities were conducted in intervention group for 8 months. After the intervention, the total awareness rate of salt reduction knowledge, the total holding rate of related beliefs and the total reporting rate of related behaviors were 70.65%, 80.30% and 67.03% among students, and 85.66%, 93.77% and 87.93% among parents, in the intervention group, which were higher than those in the control group (37.12%, 66.52% and 50.07% among students; 55.11%, 87.52% and 57.96% among parents) (all P values <0.05). The school-based salt reduction model is effective and feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Dong
- Department of Non-communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan 250014, China
| | - C C Gao
- Department of Non-communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan 250014, China
| | - C X Xu
- Department of Non-communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan 250014, China
| | - J L Tang
- Department of Non-communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan 250014, China
| | - J Ren
- Department of Non-communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan 250014, China
| | - J Y Zhang
- Department of Non-communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan 250014, China
| | - X Chen
- Human Resource Department, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Jinan 250021, China
| | - W H Shi
- Department of Non-communicable Disease Control and Community Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Y F Zhao
- National Center for Non-communicable and Chronic Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - X L Guo
- Department of Non-communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan 250014, China
| | - J X Ma
- Department of Non-communicable Disease Control and Community Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
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Gabel P, Larsen MB, Edwards A, Kirkegaard P, Andersen B. Knowledge, attitudes, and worries among different health literacy groups before receiving first invitation to colorectal cancer screening: Cross-sectional study. Prev Med Rep 2019; 14:100876. [PMID: 31080706 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2019.100876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Colorectal cancer screening uptake is associated with knowledge, attitudes and worries about screening. People with higher levels of health literacy usually have higher screening-related knowledge, but its association with attitudes and worries is sparsely described.The aim of this study was to describe knowledge, attitudes, and worries about colorectal cancer screening among unscreened citizens, and to estimate the association between these and health literacy. Methods In a cross-sectional study 10,030 53-74 year-old Central Denmark Region citizens received a questionnaire assessing knowledge, attitudes, worry and health literacy. Socioeconomic and -demographic data were linked from Statistics Denmark after data collection. Results In total, 7142 (71.2%) questionnaires were completed. A good general level of knowledge was observed (4.91 and 5.13 out of 7 for men and women, respectively). Citizens tended to be positive towards screening (21.4 and 21.3 on a 4-28 range scale for men and women respectively), and showed low levels of worries (8.8 and 9.09 on a 3-15 range scale for men and women respectively). Knowledge decreased and worries increased with lower levels of health literacy. Further, attitudes tended to be more positive with higher levels of health literacy. Conclusions In general, citizens tend to have good knowledge, positive attitudes and few worries about colorectal cancer screening. People with lower health literacy could benefit from targeted interventions that address knowledge and worries about screening to support informed decision making.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND. The Canadian Association of Occupational Therapists and the Truth and Reconciliation Commission recommend change within the Canadian health care system, respecting and valuing Indigenous health and healing practices. Adjusting the lens through which occupational therapists practice to incorporate Indigenous views of health and wellness is one potential change. PURPOSE. This critical interpretive synthesis of the literature incorporates Indigenous perspectives on health and wellness into the Canadian Model of Occupational Performance and Engagement (CMOP-E) framework, strengthening that model to better serve all peoples in Canada. KEY ISSUES. Integrating Indigenous worldviews can add to the CMOP-E the importance of balance among physical, emotional, spiritual, and mental health; the inseparability of person, community, and land; and understanding occupations as dimensions of meaning. These are incorporated in a proposed integrated model (ICMOP-E). IMPLICATIONS. Effectively integrating Indigenous perspectives may be an important first step in a longer journey toward engaging more respectfully with Indigenous perspectives on health and wellness.
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Wise JM, Ott C, Azuero A, Lanzi RG, Davies S, Gardner A, Vance DE, Kempf MC. Barriers to HIV Testing: Patient and Provider Perspectives in the Deep South. AIDS Behav 2019; 23:1062-1072. [PMID: 30607759 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-018-02385-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Although CDC guidelines call for universal, "opt-out" HIV testing, barriers to testing continue to exist throughout the United States, with the rural South particularly vulnerable to both HIV infection and decreased awareness of status. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to evaluate uptake of "opt-out" HIV testing and barriers to testing within the primary care setting in the South. A concurrent triangulation design guided the collection of quantitative data from patients (N = 250) and qualitative data from providers (N = 10) across three primary health clinics in Alabama. We found that 30% of patients had never been tested for HIV, with the highest ranked barrier among patients being perceived costs, access to specialty care, and not feeling at risk. Significant differences existed in perceived barriers between patients and providers. Increased provider-patient engagement and the routine implementation of "opt-out" HIV testing would effectively reveal and mitigate barriers to testing, thus, increasing awareness of status.
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Pivatti ASA, Osis MJMD, de Moraes Lopes MHB. "The use of educational strategies for promotion of knowledge, attitudes and contraceptive practices among teenagers - A randomized clinical trial". Nurse Educ Today 2019; 72:18-26. [PMID: 30388461 DOI: 10.1016/j.nedt.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate two educational interventions and identify differences between them in what concerns the promotion of knowledge, attitudes and practices in relation to the pill and male condom. METHODS A randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted with teenagers, in which two different educational interventions were used, one based on the methodology of problematization (PG) and another on the pedagogy of transmission (TG). Knowledge, attitudes and practices were verified through a questionnaire applied before, one month and three months after the intervention. RESULTS The two educational interventions promoted positive changes in the answers to questions on the knowledge, attitudes and practices of adolescents, from both groups. In what concerns knowledge, performance when answering the questionnaire was better after the intervention for both. However, only the PG showed improvements in performance over time. The TG showed a higher chance of displaying certain positive attitudes and more chances of correct answers about some practices. CONCLUSION The two educational interventions, despite having used different methodologies, have generally been proved to be effective for teaching about the pill and condom use, with positive impacts on knowledge, attitudes and practices, but with the methodology of problematization, the maintenance of knowledge in the time period studied was obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Salheb Alves Pivatti
- School of Nursing, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Brazil; Technical School of Campinas, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Brazil.
| | - Maria José Martins Duarte Osis
- Post-Graduation Program of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Brazil; Faculty of Medicine of Jundiaí, Brazil
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Valenta S, Spirig R, Miaskowski C, Zaugg K, Spichiger E. Testing a pain self-management intervention by exploring reduction of analgesics' side effects in cancer outpatients and the involvement of family caregivers: a study protocol (PEINCA-FAM). BMC Nurs 2018; 17:54. [PMID: 30559603 PMCID: PMC6292053 DOI: 10.1186/s12912-018-0323-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pain is one of cancer patients’ most frequent and distressing symptoms; however, analgesics’ side effects often increase symptom burden. Further, with the home rapidly becoming the primary cancer care setting, family caregivers (FCs) commonly play central roles in patients’ pain self-management, but with little or no preparation. One US-tested intervention, the PRO-SELF© Plus Pain Control Program (PCP), designed to support cancer outpatients and their FCs in pain self-management, is currently being tested in the Swiss multi-centre PEINCA study. The current PEINCA-FAM study is a sub-study of PEINCA. The aims of PEINCA-FAM are: a) to test the efficacy of the adapted German PRO-SELF © Plus PCP to reduce side effects of analgesics; b) to enhance patients’/FCs’ knowledge regarding cancer pain; and c) to explore FCs’ involvement in patients’ pain self-management. Methods This mixed methods project combines a multi-centre randomized controlled clinical trial with qualitative data collection techniques and includes 210 patients recruited from three oncology outpatient clinics. FCs involved in patients’ pain self-management are also invited to participate. After baseline evaluation, eligible participants are randomized to a 6-week intervention group and a control group. Both groups complete a daily pain and symptom diary. Intervention group patients/FCs receive the weekly psychoeducational PRO-SELF© Plus PCP interventions; control group patients receive usual care. After completing the six-week study procedures, a subsample of 7–10 patients/FCs per group and hospital (N = 42–60) will be interviewed regarding their pain management experiences. Data collection will take place from April 2016 until December 2018. An intent-to-treat analysis and generalized linear mixed models will be applied. Qualitative data will be analysed by using interpretive description. Quantitative and qualitative results will be combined within a mixed method matrix. Discussion In clinical practice, specially trained oncology nurses in outpatient clinics could apply the intervention to reduce side effects and to enhance patients’/FCs’ self-efficacy and pain management knowledge. Trial registration The PEINCA study is registered in the Clinical Trials.gov site (code: NCT02713919, 08 March 2016).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Valenta
- 1Nursing Science, Department Public Health, University of Basel, Bernoullistrasse 28, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland.,2Department of Hematology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Rebecca Spirig
- 1Nursing Science, Department Public Health, University of Basel, Bernoullistrasse 28, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland.,3Department of Nursing Science, University of Witten/ Herdecke, Witten, Germany
| | - Christine Miaskowski
- 4School of Nursing, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, USA
| | - Kathrin Zaugg
- 5Department of Radiation Oncology, Stadtspital Triemli, Zurich, Switzerland.,6Department of Radiation Oncology, Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Elisabeth Spichiger
- 1Nursing Science, Department Public Health, University of Basel, Bernoullistrasse 28, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland.,7Head Office of Nursing and Allied Health Professionals, Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Hui D, Kilgore K, Park M, Liu D, Kim YJ, Park JC, Fossella F, Bruera E. Pattern and Predictors of Outpatient Palliative Care Referral Among Thoracic Medical Oncologists. Oncologist 2018; 23:1230-1235. [PMID: 29895629 PMCID: PMC6263132 DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2018-0094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is significant variation in access to palliative care. We examined the pattern of outpatient palliative care referral among thoracic medical oncologists and identified oncologist characteristics associated with greater referral. MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrieved data on all patients who died of advanced thoracic malignancies at our institution between January 1, 2007, and December 31, 2012. Using median as a cutoff, we defined two groups (high-referring and low-referring oncologists) based on their frequency of referral. We examined various oncologist- and patient-related characteristics associated with outpatient referral. RESULTS Of 1,642 decedents, 444 (27%) had an outpatient palliative care referral. The median proportion of referral among 26 thoracic oncologists was 30% (range 9%-45%; median proportion of high-referring 37% vs. low-referring 24% when divided into two groups at median). High-referring oncologists were significantly younger (age 45 vs. 56) than low-referring oncologists; they were also significantly more likely to refer patients earlier (median interval between oncology consultation and palliative care consultation 90 days vs. 170 days) and to refer those without metastatic disease (7% vs. 2%). In multivariable mixed-effect logistic regression, younger oncologists (odds ratio [OR] = 0.97 per year increase, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.95-0.995), younger patients (OR = 0.98 per year increase, 95% CI 0.97-0.99), and nonmetastatic disease status (OR = 0.48, 95% CI 0.29-0.78) were significantly associated with outpatient palliative care referral. CONCLUSION The pattern of referral to outpatient palliative care varied widely among thoracic oncologists. Younger oncologists were not only referring a higher proportion of patients, but also referring patients earlier in the disease trajectory. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE This retrospective cohort study found that younger thoracic medical oncologists were significantly more likely to refer patients to outpatient palliative care and to do so earlier in the disease trajectory compared with older oncologists, even after adjusting for other known predictors such as patient demographics. The findings highlight the role of education to standardize palliative care access and imply that outpatient palliative care referral is likely to continue to increase with a shifting oncology workforce.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Hui
- Department of Palliative Care, Rehabilitation and Integrative Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Kelly Kilgore
- Department of Palliative Care, Rehabilitation and Integrative Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Minjeong Park
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Diane Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Yu Jung Kim
- Department of Palliative Care, Rehabilitation and Integrative Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Chan Park
- Department of Palliative Care, Rehabilitation and Integrative Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Frank Fossella
- Thoracic and Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Eduardo Bruera
- Department of Palliative Care, Rehabilitation and Integrative Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
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Dorji T, Gyeltshen K, Pongpirul K. Rational use of paracetamol among out-patients in a Bhutanese district hospital bordering India: a cross-sectional study. BMC Res Notes 2018; 11:660. [PMID: 30201047 PMCID: PMC6131944 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-018-3764-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Paracetamol or acetaminophen is a weak analgesic commonly used worldwide and in Bhutan. It is available across all levels of Bhutan's health care system and for purchase without prescription. Little is known, however, about patterns of paracetamol use in Bhutan. This study aimed to assess what the Bhutanese population knows about the indications for use of paracetamol, safe use, and common patterns of usage (frequency, dosage). These questions were studied among Bhutanese living in Phuentsholing, a large commercial town at Bhutan-India border. RESULTS Among 441 participants, most (72.1%) reported having used paracetamol in the past 1 year. The mean knowledge score was 57.6%; only 30 participants (6.8%) had what was characterized as "good knowledge." Level of knowledge was positively associated with level of education (p = 0.031). Less than half (41.3%) had a "good attitude" towards use of paracetamol. In practice, few (4.8%) knew the correct dose, including about one in ten who reported exceeding the recommended therapeutic dose. Most knew about side effects (61.2%) and possible allergic reactions (77.3%). Many participants (47.9%) acknowledged that the self-use of paracetamol may not reduce the number of hospital visits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thinley Dorji
- Jigme Dorji Wangchuck National Referral Hospital, Thimphu, Bhutan
- Kidu Medical Unit, His Majesty’s Peoples’ Project, Thimphu, Bhutan
| | | | - Krit Pongpirul
- Holistic and Oriental Medicine Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD USA
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Goossens J, De Roose M, Van Hecke A, Goemaes R, Verhaeghe S, Beeckman D. Barriers and facilitators to the provision of preconception care by healthcare providers: A systematic review. Int J Nurs Stud 2018; 87:113-130. [PMID: 30096578 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2018.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Healthcare providers play an important role in providing preconception care to women and men of childbearing age. Yet, the provision of preconception care by healthcare providers remains low. OBJECTIVES To provide an overview of barriers and facilitators at multiple levels that influence the provision of preconception care by healthcare providers. DESIGN A mixed-methods systematic review. DATA SOURCES PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL, The Cochrane Library, and EMBASE were systematically searched up to April 27, 2017. The search strategy contained MeSH terms and key words related to preconception care and healthcare providers. Reference lists of included studies and systematic reviews on preconception care were screened. REVIEW METHODS Publications were eligible if they reported on barriers and facilitators influencing the provision of preconception care by healthcare providers. Data were extracted by two independent reviewers using a data extraction form. Barriers and facilitators were organized based on the social ecological model. The methodological quality of included studies was evaluated using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme Qualitative checklist for qualitative studies, the Quality Assessment Tool for quantitative studies, and the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool for mixed methods studies. RESULTS Thirty-one articles were included. Barriers were more reported than facilitators. These were situated at provider level (unfavourable attitude and lack of knowledge of preconception care, not working in the field of obstetrics and gynaecology, lack of clarity on the responsibility for providing preconception care) and client level (not contacting a healthcare provider in the preconception stage, negative attitude, and lack of knowledge of preconception care). Limited resources (lack of time, tools, guidelines, and reimbursement) were frequently reported at the organizational and societal level. CONCLUSIONS Healthcare providers reported more barriers than facilitators to provide preconception care, which might explain why the provision of preconception care is low. To overcome the different client, provider, organizational, and societal barriers, it is necessary to develop and implement multilevel interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joline Goossens
- University Centre for Nursing & Midwifery, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, UZ 5K3, De Pintelaan 185, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marjon De Roose
- University Centre for Nursing & Midwifery, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, UZ 5K3, De Pintelaan 185, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ann Van Hecke
- University Centre for Nursing & Midwifery, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, UZ 5K3, De Pintelaan 185, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; Nursing Science, University Hospital Ghent, De Pintelaan 185, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Régine Goemaes
- University Centre for Nursing & Midwifery, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, UZ 5K3, De Pintelaan 185, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sofie Verhaeghe
- University Centre for Nursing & Midwifery, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, UZ 5K3, De Pintelaan 185, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; VIVES University College, Department Health Care, Wilgenstraat 32, B-8800 Roeselare, Belgium
| | - Dimitri Beeckman
- University Centre for Nursing & Midwifery, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, UZ 5K3, De Pintelaan 185, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, Duke of Kent Building, University of Surrey Guildford Surrey, GU2 7XH, United Kingdom.
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Darlow B, Brown M, Thompson B, Hudson B, Grainger R, McKinlay E, Abbott JH. Living with osteoarthritis is a balancing act: an exploration of patients' beliefs about knee pain. BMC Rheumatol 2018; 2:15. [PMID: 30886966 PMCID: PMC6390552 DOI: 10.1186/s41927-018-0023-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to explore the beliefs of people with knee osteoarthritis (OA) about the disease, and how these beliefs had formed and what impact these beliefs had on activity participation, health behaviour, and self-management. Methods Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 13 people with knee OA recruited from general practices, community physiotherapy clinics, and public advertisements in two provinces of New Zealand. Data were analysed using Interpretive Description. Results Two key themes emerged. 1) Knowledge: certainty and uncertainty described participants’ strong beliefs about anatomical changes in their knee. Participants’ beliefs in a biomechanical model of progressive joint degradation often appeared to originate within clinical encounters and from literal interpretation of the term ‘wear and tear’. These beliefs led to uncertainty regarding interpretation of daily symptoms and participants’ ability to influence the rate of decline and certainty that joint replacement surgery represented the only effective solution to fix the damaged knee. 2) Living with OA described broader perspectives of living with OA and the perceived need to balance competing values and risks when making decisions about activity participation, medication, attentional focus, accessing care, and making the most of today without sabotaging tomorrow. Misunderstandings about knee OA negatively impacted on activity participation, health behaviours, and self-management decisions. Conclusion Biomechanical models of OA reduced participant exploration of management options and underpinned a perceived need to balance competing values. Improved information provision to people with knee OA could help guide positive health behaviour and self-management decisions and ensure these decisions are grounded in current evidence. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s41927-018-0023-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Darlow
- 1Department of Primary Health Care and General Practice, University of Otago - Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Melanie Brown
- 1Department of Primary Health Care and General Practice, University of Otago - Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Bronwyn Thompson
- 2Department Orthopaedic Surgery & Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Otago - Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Ben Hudson
- 3Department of General Practice, University of Otago - Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Rebecca Grainger
- 4Department of Medicine, University of Otago - Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Eileen McKinlay
- 1Department of Primary Health Care and General Practice, University of Otago - Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - J Haxby Abbott
- 5Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Poudel P, Griffiths R, Wong VW, Arora A, Flack JR, Khoo CL, George A. Oral health knowledge, attitudes and care practices of people with diabetes: a systematic review. BMC Public Health 2018; 18:577. [PMID: 29716561 PMCID: PMC5930945 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-018-5485-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background People with uncontrolled diabetes are at greater risk for several oral health problems, particularly periodontal (gum) disease. Periodontal disease also impacts diabetes control. Good oral hygiene and regular dental visits are recommended to prevent and manage oral health problems. Several studies have been conducted to assess the oral health knowledge, attitudes, and practices of people with diabetes yet a review of these findings has not yet been undertaken. The aim of this systematic review was to synthesize current evidence on the knowledge, attitudes and practices of people with diabetes in relation to their oral health care. Methods A systematic search of all literature was carried out in five databases using key search terms. The inclusion criteria were: 1) published in the English language; 2) from 2000 to November, 2017; 3) conducted on persons with any type of diabetes and of all ages; 4) explored at least one study outcome (knowledge or attitude or practices toward oral health care); and 5) used quantitative methods of data collection. No restrictions were placed on the quality and setting of the study. Results A total of 28 studies met the inclusion criteria. The studies included a total of 27,894 people with diabetes and were conducted in 14 countries. The review found that people with diabetes have inadequate oral health knowledge, poor oral health attitudes, and fewer dental visits. They rarely receive oral health education and dental referrals from their care providers. Provision of oral health education by diabetes care providers and referral to dentists when required, was associated with improved oral health behaviours among patients. Conclusions Overall, people with diabetes have limited oral health knowledge and poor oral health behaviours. It is therefore essential to educate patients about their increased risk for oral health problems, motivate them for good oral health behaviours and facilitate access to dental care. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12889-018-5485-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakash Poudel
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, 2751, NSW, Australia. .,Centre for Oral Health Outcomes, Research Translation and Evaluation (COHORTE), Ingham Institute Applied Medical Research, Locked Bag 7103, Liverpool, 1871, NSW, Australia. .,Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Locked Bag 7103, Liverpool, 1871, NSW, Australia. .,South Western Sydney Local Health District, Liverpool, 2170, NSW, Australia.
| | - Rhonda Griffiths
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, 2751, NSW, Australia
| | - Vincent W Wong
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Locked Bag 7103, Liverpool, 1871, NSW, Australia.,South Western Sydney Local Health District, Liverpool, 2170, NSW, Australia.,South Western Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Amit Arora
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Locked Bag 7103, Liverpool, 1871, NSW, Australia.,South Western Sydney Local Health District, Liverpool, 2170, NSW, Australia.,School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, 2751, NSW, Australia.,Oral Health Services and Sydney Dental Hospital, Sydney Local Health District, Surry Hills, NSW, 2010, Australia.,Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Sydney Medical School, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia
| | - Jeff R Flack
- South Western Sydney Local Health District, Liverpool, 2170, NSW, Australia.,South Western Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.,School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 1797, Australia
| | - Chee L Khoo
- Health Focus Family Practice, The Royal Australian College of General Practitioners (RACGP), National Association of Diabetes Centres (NADC), Ingleburn, NSW, 2565, Australia.,Diabetes , Obesity and Metabolism Translational Research Unit (DOMTRU), Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, 2560, Australia
| | - Ajesh George
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, 2751, NSW, Australia.,Centre for Oral Health Outcomes, Research Translation and Evaluation (COHORTE), Ingham Institute Applied Medical Research, Locked Bag 7103, Liverpool, 1871, NSW, Australia.,Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Locked Bag 7103, Liverpool, 1871, NSW, Australia.,South Western Sydney Local Health District, Liverpool, 2170, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Dentistry, University of Sydney, Camperdown, 2050, NSW, Australia.,Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, 2751, NSW, Australia
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Shimpi N, Bharatkumar A, Jethwani M, Chyou PH, Glurich I, Blamer J, Acharya A. Knowledgeability, Attitude and Behavior of Primary Care Providers Towards Oral Cancer: a Pilot Study. J Cancer Educ 2018; 33:359-364. [PMID: 27448614 DOI: 10.1007/s13187-016-1084-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to assess current knowledgeability, attitudes, and practice behaviors of primary care providers (PCPs) towards oral cancer screening. Applying a cross-sectional design, a 14-question survey was emailed to 307 PCPs practicing at a large, multi-specialty, rurally based healthcare system. Survey data were collected and managed using REDCap and analyzed applying descriptive statistics. A 20 % response rate (n = 61/307) was achieved for survey completion. Approximately 70 % of respondents were physicians, 16 % were nurse practitioners, and 13 % were physician assistants. Nearly 60 % of respondents were family medicine practitioners. Limited training surrounding oral cancer screening during medical training was reported by 64 %. Although 78 % of respondents reported never performing oral cancer screening on patients in their practice, >90 % answered knowledge-based questions correctly. Frequency rate for specialist referral for suspicious lesions by PCPs was 56 % "frequently". Optimal periodicity for oral cancer screening on all patients selected by respondents was 61 % "annually", 3 % "every 6 months", 3 % "every visit", 2 % "not at all", and 31 % "unsure". This study established a baseline surrounding current knowledgeability, practice patterns, and opinions of PCPs towards oral cancer screening at a single, large, regional healthcare system. In the absence of evidence-based support for population-based cancer screening, this study result suggests a need for better integration of oral cancer surveillance into the medical setting, supplemented by education and training with emphasis on assessment of high-risk patients to achieve early detection. Prospectively, larger studies are needed to validate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neel Shimpi
- Institute for Oral and Systemic Health, Marshfield Clinic Research Foundation, 1000 North Oak Avenue, Marshfield, WI, 54449, USA
| | - Aditi Bharatkumar
- Institute for Oral and Systemic Health, Marshfield Clinic Research Foundation, 1000 North Oak Avenue, Marshfield, WI, 54449, USA
- Family Health Center of Marshfield, 1307 N St. Joseph Avenue, Marshfield, WI, 54449, USA
- Division of Education, Marshfield Clinic Research Foundation, 1000 North Oak Avenue, Marshfield, WI, 54449, USA
| | - Monica Jethwani
- Institute for Oral and Systemic Health, Marshfield Clinic Research Foundation, 1000 North Oak Avenue, Marshfield, WI, 54449, USA
- Family Health Center of Marshfield, 1307 N St. Joseph Avenue, Marshfield, WI, 54449, USA
- Division of Education, Marshfield Clinic Research Foundation, 1000 North Oak Avenue, Marshfield, WI, 54449, USA
| | - Po-Huang Chyou
- Division of Education, Marshfield Clinic Research Foundation, 1000 North Oak Avenue, Marshfield, WI, 54449, USA
| | - Ingrid Glurich
- Institute for Oral and Systemic Health, Marshfield Clinic Research Foundation, 1000 North Oak Avenue, Marshfield, WI, 54449, USA
| | - Jake Blamer
- Institute for Oral and Systemic Health, Marshfield Clinic Research Foundation, 1000 North Oak Avenue, Marshfield, WI, 54449, USA
| | - Amit Acharya
- Institute for Oral and Systemic Health, Marshfield Clinic Research Foundation, 1000 North Oak Avenue, Marshfield, WI, 54449, USA.
- Biomedical Informatics Research Center, Marshfield Clinic Research Foundation, 1000 North Oak Avenue, Marshfield, WI, 54449, USA.
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Pavičić Baldani D, Škrgatić L, Šprem Goldštajn M, Goluža T, Flisar I, Pagon S. Questionnaire on the Midwives' Knowledge About Oral Emergency Contraception. Acta Clin Croat 2018; 57:134-140. [PMID: 30256022 PMCID: PMC6400361 DOI: 10.20471/acc.2018.57.01.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to assess the level of knowledge of midwives working in different clinical settings about oral emergency contraception. The study included 225 midwives; during the period from December 2015 to February 2016, they completed a 16-item web-based survey using the SurveyMonkey software available on the Croatian Midwives Chamber site. In total 277 participants started to fill out the survey and 225 participants responded to all 16 questions. Demographic, educational and professional characteristics of the participants in this survey are provided. Distri-bution of participant responses to questions regarding basic reproductive endocrinology, unplanned pregnancies and emergency contraception clearly revealed important gaps in the group knowledge. There was evident gap in the knowledge about emergency contraception in the study group of Croa-tian midwives. Having in mind the study group grounds in gynecology and obstetrics, and their public health relevance, targeted educational activities both during midwife formal education and on-job are required to improve the group knowledge about emergency contraception. National guidelines on oral emergency contraception are an at hand learning tool and the most appropriate local source of information on emergency contraception. Various initiatives should be considered for this document to become an integral part of formal midwife education and regular part of their on-job trainings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lana Škrgatić
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, Zagreb University Hospital Centre, University of Zagreb, School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marina Šprem Goldštajn
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, Zagreb University Hospital Centre, University of Zagreb, School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Trpimir Goluža
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Perinatal Medicine, Zagreb University Hospital Centre, University of Zagreb, School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivana Flisar
- medical student, University of Zagreb, School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sandra Pagon
- medical student, University of Zagreb, School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
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40
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Wang QQ, Yu Y, Li YH, Ding Z, Chen XD. [Evaluation the impact of community intervention on heat wave in Nanjing, China]. Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi 2018; 52:188-190. [PMID: 29429276 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-9624.2018.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Q Q Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210009, China
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Velasco Bueno JM, Alonso-Ovies A, Heras La Calle G, Zaforteza Lallemand C. Main information requests of family members of patients in Intensive Care Units. Med Intensiva 2017; 42:337-345. [PMID: 29108720 DOI: 10.1016/j.medin.2017.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compile an inventory of information requests prioritized by the family members, to find out which professionals them consider able to respond these requests, and to explore the differences in perception between family members and professionals. DESIGN Qualitative analysis of content validation and descriptive cross-sectional study. SCOPE 41 Spanish ICU. PARTICIPANTS Relatives, physicians and nurses of critical patients. INTERVENTION From an initial list of questions extracted from literature review, physicians, nurses, and relatives of critical patients incorporated issues that they considered not included. After analyzing content validity, a new list was obtained, which was again submitted to the participants' assessment to evaluate the level of importance that they assigned to each question and which professional they considered appropriate to answer it. RESULTS most important questions for the relatives: concern about the clinical situation, measures to be taken, prognosis and information. There was a coincidence between relatives and professionals in the priority issues for families. There were significant differences in the importance given to each question: between doctors and relatives (72/82 questions), and between nurses and relatives (66/82 questions) (P<.05). For the relatives, 63% of the questions could be answered by doctors or nurses, 27% preferably by doctors and 10% by nurses. CONCLUSIONS The most relevant issues for families were prognosis and severity, but also the need for information. Healthcare professionals tend to underestimate the importance of many of the questions that concern families. Relatives feel that most of their concerns can be resolved either by doctors or nurses.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Velasco Bueno
- Unidad de Recuperación, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, España
| | - A Alonso-Ovies
- Servicio de Medicina Intensiva, Hospital Universitario Fuenlabrada, Madrid, España.
| | - G Heras La Calle
- Servicio de Medicina Intensiva, Hospital Universitario de Torrejón, Madrid, España
| | - C Zaforteza Lallemand
- Hospital Comarcal d'Inca y Departament Infermeria i Fisioteràpia, Universitat Illes Balears, Mallorca, Islas Baleares, España
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Abstract
Stigma remains a distressing consequence of epilepsy worldwide. We assessed stigma markers among citizens of Montenegro. Randomly selected adults aged 18 to 65 were interviewed using a 10-item questionnaire, which had been used in similar settings. Descriptive statistics, χ2-test and Fisher exact test were used in order to identify factors associated with negative attitudes. After exclusions and refusals, the questionnaire was administered to 1000 people, 91% of whom had heard about epilepsy. Less than half knew someone with epilepsy and 31.5% had witnessed a seizure. One-fifth would object if their child played with a person who had epilepsy and three-quarters would object if their child married a person with epilepsy. Forty percent believed people with epilepsy should be employed in the same way as everybody else. Fewer than 8% of respondents thought epilepsy was a form of insanity. Over 80% favored brain disease as a cause of epilepsy and 95% chose convulsions to be a major feature of an epileptic attack. General awareness of epilepsy in Montenegro is similar to that in other countries. Understanding epilepsy is relatively good but the results suggest that there still are negative attitudes towards people with epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Slavica Vujisić
- Clinical Department of Neurology, Clinical Centre of Montenegro, Podgorica, Montenegro.,School of Medicine, University of Montenegro, Podgorica, Montenegro
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Abstract
Preconception health refers to the health of males and females at any point in time prior to a potential pregnancy. A goal of preconception health research is to use preventive behaviour and healthcare to optimize the health of future offspring that result from both planned and unplanned pregnancies. This paper briefly reviews evidence of the importance of various preconception health behaviours, and examines the extent to which specific preconception health behaviours have been included in recent studies of such knowledge, behaviours, and intentions. To describe this recent research in highly developed countries, a scoping review of the literature was completed of studies published within the past seven years. A total of 94 studies on preconception health were identified and reviewed: (a) 15 examined knowledge and attitudes, (b) 68 studied behaviours, (c) 18 examined interventions designed to improve knowledge or behaviour, and (d) no studies examined intentions to engage in preconception health behaviours. Over 40% of studies examining preconception health behaviour focussed exclusively on folic acid. Overall, folic acid, alcohol, and cigarettes have consistently been topics of focus, while exposure to harmful environmental substances, stress, and sleep have been largely neglected. Despite strong evidence for the importance of men's health during the preconception period, only 11% of all studies included male participants. Based on existing gaps in the research, recommendations are provided, such as including men in future research, assessing a wider variety of behaviours, consideration of behavioural intentions, and consideration of the relationships between preconception health knowledge, intentions, and behaviour.
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Fu LY, Zimet GD, Latkin CA, Joseph JG. Associations of trust and healthcare provider advice with HPV vaccine acceptance among African American parents. Vaccine 2017; 35:802-807. [PMID: 28063706 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.12.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Healthcare providers (HCPs) are advised to give all parents a strong recommendation for HPV vaccination. However, it is possible that strong recommendations could be less effective at promoting vaccination among African Americans who on average have greater mistrust in the healthcare system. This study examines the associations of parental trust in HCPs and strength of HCP vaccination recommendation on HPV vaccine acceptance among African American parents. METHODS Participants were recruited from an urban, academic medical center between July 2012 and July 2014. We surveyed 400 African American parents of children ages 10-12years who were offered HPV vaccine by their HCPs to assess sociodemographic factors, vaccine beliefs, trust in HCPs, and the HPV vaccine recommendation received. Medical records were reviewed to determine vaccination receipt. RESULTS In multivariable analysis, children whose parents were "very strongly" recommended the HPV vaccine had over four times higher odds of vaccine receipt compared with those whose parents were "not very strongly" recommended the vaccine. Having a parent with "a lot of" versus "none" or only "some" trust in HCPs was associated with over twice the odds of receiving HPV vaccine. Very strong HCP recommendations were associated with higher odds of vaccination among all subgroups, including those with more negative baseline attitudes toward HPV vaccine and those with lower levels of trust. Adding the variables strength of HCP recommendation and parental trust in HCPs to a multivariable model already adjusted for sociodemographic factors and parental vaccine beliefs improved the pseudo R2 from 0.52 to 0.55. CONCLUSIONS Among participants, receiving a strong vaccine recommendation and having a higher level of trust in HCPs were associated with higher odds of HPV vaccination, but did not add much to the predictive value of a model that already adjusted for baseline personal beliefs and sociodemographic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Y Fu
- General and Community Pediatrics, Children's National Health System, 111 Michigan Ave, NW, Washington, DC 20010, United States.
| | - Gregory D Zimet
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University, 410 W. 10th Street, HS 1001, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States.
| | - Carl A Latkin
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 624 North Broadway, 7th Floor, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States.
| | - Jill G Joseph
- Betty Irene Moore School of Nursing, University of California, Davis, CA, 4610 "X" Street, Sacramento, CA 95817, United States.
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Fan KL, Leung LP, Poon HT, Chiu HY, Liu HL, Tang WY. Public knowledge of how to use an automatic external defibrillator in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in Hong Kong. Hong Kong Med J 2016; 22:582-8. [PMID: 27795448 DOI: 10.12809/hkmj164896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The survival rate of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in Hong Kong is low. A long delay between collapse and defibrillation is a contributing factor. Public access to defibrillation may shorten this delay. It is unknown, however, whether Hong Kong's public is willing or able to use an automatic external defibrillator. This study aimed to evaluate public knowledge of how to use an automatic external defibrillator in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. METHODS A face-to-face semi-structured questionnaire survey of the public was conducted in six locations with a high pedestrian flow in Hong Kong. RESULTS In this study, 401 members of the public were interviewed. Most had no training in first aid (65.8%) or in use of an automatic external defibrillator (85.3%). Nearly all (96.5%) would call for help for a victim of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest but only 18.0% would use an automatic external defibrillator. Public knowledge of automatic external defibrillator use was low: 77.6% did not know the location of an automatic external defibrillator in the vicinity of their home or workplace. People who had ever been trained in both first aid and use of an automatic external defibrillator were more likely to respond to and help a victim of cardiac arrest, and to use an automatic external defibrillator. CONCLUSION Public knowledge of automatic external defibrillator use is low in Hong Kong. A combination of training in first aid and in the use of an automatic external defibrillator is better than either one alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L Fan
- Emergency Medicine Unit, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - L P Leung
- Emergency Medicine Unit, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - H T Poon
- Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - H Y Chiu
- Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - H L Liu
- Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - W Y Tang
- Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
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Abstract
Parents have the opportunity to educate their children to facilitate behaviours and lifestyle habits that may prevent or delay genetic disease, or mitigate predispositions within the family. We sought to determine parents' understanding of genetic knowledge and heritability. Using a quantitative survey methodology 108 volunteer participants were surveyed from a convenience sample of all parents/caregivers within the waiting room of a general children's outpatient clinic. Results indicated that average genetic knowledge levels were fairly high, with the majority of participants scoring 70-80 % correct on knowledge-based questions. Further, scores were found to be positively correlated with education, but inversely correlated with self-perceived knowledge. This finding suggests that participants with less experience tended to overestimate their knowledge. We suggest that gaps in knowledge of genetics and heritability could be improved by using educational interventions such as media campaigns, provision of informational brochures, or changes to current high school curriculum which would increase exposure to genetics and heritability for both parents and children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany Harding
- Department of Health Sciences Education, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Rylan Egan
- Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Peter Kannu
- The Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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47
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de Waure C, Quaranta G, Ianuale C, Panatto D, Amicizia D, Apprato L, Campanella P, Colotto M, De Meo C, Di Nardo F, Frisicale EM, La Milia DI, Rizzitelli E, Aquilani S, Briata MP, Frumento V, Marensi L, Spadea A, Turello V, Gasparini R, Ricciardi W. Knowledge, attitudes and behaviors of the Italian population towards Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae and HPV diseases and vaccinations: A cross-sectional multicentre study. Public Health 2016; 141:136-142. [PMID: 27931989 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2016.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Revised: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study addressed knowledge of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis and human papillomavirus (HPV), and attitudes and behaviours towards vaccines against them. STUDY DESIGN This is a cross-sectional, multicentre study. METHODS Data were collected through a questionnaire administered to 530 adults who accessed four Departments of Prevention of the Italian National Health Service in 2013. RESULTS Less than 50% of people gave the right answer to all the questions concerning the three diseases, but 96.2%, 94% and 92.7% agreed with the importance of vaccination against N. meningitidis, S. pneumoniae and HPV, respectively, and 58.4% expressed own willingness to have their children vaccinated with N. meningitidis B vaccine. The attitude towards vaccination was more positive in women for N. meningitidis and in people having children for HPV. Furthermore, individuals giving correct answers to all knowledge items were more in favour of both HPV and S. pneumoniae vaccination. A total of 68.8%, 82.6% and 84.5% of respondents vaccinated their own children against N. meningitidis C, S. pneumoniae and HPV, respectively. About 50% of the respondents reported paediatricians' or other health professionals' recommendations as the main reason for vaccination. CONCLUSIONS Vaccinations may be promoted through actions aimed at increasing citizens' knowledge. Health professionals should be educated to actively provide information on vaccinations in a clear, comprehensive and effective way.
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Affiliation(s)
- C de Waure
- Istituto di Sanità Pubblica - Sezione di Igiene, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy.
| | - G Quaranta
- Istituto di Sanità Pubblica - Sezione di Igiene, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
| | - C Ianuale
- Istituto di Sanità Pubblica - Sezione di Igiene, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
| | - D Panatto
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università degli Studi di Genova, Italy
| | - D Amicizia
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università degli Studi di Genova, Italy
| | - L Apprato
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università degli Studi di Genova, Italy
| | - P Campanella
- Istituto di Sanità Pubblica - Sezione di Igiene, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
| | - M Colotto
- Istituto di Sanità Pubblica - Sezione di Igiene, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
| | - C De Meo
- Istituto di Sanità Pubblica - Sezione di Igiene, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
| | - F Di Nardo
- Istituto di Sanità Pubblica - Sezione di Igiene, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
| | - E M Frisicale
- Istituto di Sanità Pubblica - Sezione di Igiene, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
| | - D I La Milia
- Istituto di Sanità Pubblica - Sezione di Igiene, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
| | - E Rizzitelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università degli Studi di Genova, Italy
| | - S Aquilani
- Dipartimento di Prevenzione ASL Viterbo, Italy
| | - M P Briata
- Dipartimento di Prevenzione S.C. Igiene e Sanità Pubblica ASL2 savonese, Italy
| | - V Frumento
- Dipartimento di Prevenzione S.C. Igiene e Sanità Pubblica ASL2 savonese, Italy
| | - L Marensi
- Dipartimento di Prevenzione S.C. Igiene e Sanità Pubblica ASL3 genovese, Italy
| | - A Spadea
- UOS Medicina Preventiva Età Evolutiva IV Distretto, ASL RMA, Italy
| | - V Turello
- Dipartimento di Prevenzione S.C. Igiene e Sanità Pubblica ASL3 genovese, Italy
| | - R Gasparini
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università degli Studi di Genova, Italy
| | - W Ricciardi
- Istituto di Sanità Pubblica - Sezione di Igiene, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
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Perez S, Tatar O, Ostini R, Shapiro GK, Waller J, Zimet G, Rosberger Z. Extending and validating a human papillomavirus (HPV) knowledge measure in a national sample of Canadian parents of boys. Prev Med 2016; 91:43-49. [PMID: 27471023 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2016.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Revised: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
As the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine is now recommended for males, a reliable, comprehensive HPV knowledge measurement tool which addresses issues relevant to males is needed. We aimed to replicate, validate and test the comprehensiveness of an existing general HPV and an HPV vaccination knowledge scale in English and French. We also measured parental HPV knowledge and changes over time. An online questionnaire was administered in February (Time 1; T1) and November 2014 (Time 2; T2) to a nationally representative sample of Canadian parents of boys. Dimensionality, internal consistency and model fit were evaluated at both time points and separately in English and French sub-samples. Differences in knowledge scores were measured. Analyses were performed on 3117 participants at T1 and 1427 at T2. The 25-item HPV general knowledge and an 11-item HPV vaccination scale were unidimensional, showed high internal consistency (α>0.87, α>0.73) and had good model fit. Both general HPV and vaccine-specific knowledge significantly increased over time in both languages, but remained low at T2, with only about half of the items being answered correctly. Correct responses at T2 are best explained by correct responses at T1, with some small changes from 'Don't know' at T1 to correct at T2. The extended general and vaccine-specific knowledge scales are valid, reliable and comprehensive, and could be used among parents of boys, in both English and French. Educational interventions could target specific knowledge gaps and focus on providing information rather than correcting misconceptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samara Perez
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, 1205 Dr. Penfield Avenue, Montreal H3A 1B1, Quebec, Canada; Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, 3755 Cote Ste-Catherine Road, Montreal H3T 1E4, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Ovidiu Tatar
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, 3755 Cote Ste-Catherine Road, Montreal H3T 1E4, Quebec, Canada
| | - Remo Ostini
- Rural Clinical School Research Centre, School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, West Street, Toowoomba, Qld 4350, Australia
| | - Gilla K Shapiro
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, 1205 Dr. Penfield Avenue, Montreal H3A 1B1, Quebec, Canada; Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, 3755 Cote Ste-Catherine Road, Montreal H3T 1E4, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jo Waller
- Cancer Research UK Health Behaviour Research Centre, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, UCL, 1-19 Torrington Place, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Gregory Zimet
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Section of Adolescent Medicine, 410 West 10th Street, HS 1001, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Zeev Rosberger
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, 1205 Dr. Penfield Avenue, Montreal H3A 1B1, Quebec, Canada; Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, 3755 Cote Ste-Catherine Road, Montreal H3T 1E4, Quebec, Canada; Louise Granofsky-Psychosocial Oncology Program, Segal Cancer Center, Jewish General Hospital, 4333 Cote Ste-Catherine Road, Montreal H3T 1E4, Quebec, Canada
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49
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Cherry CC, Beer KD, Fulton C, Wong D, Buttke D, Staples JE, Ellis EM. Knowledge and use of prevention measures for chikungunya virus among visitors - Virgin Islands National Park, 2015. Travel Med Infect Dis 2016; 14:475-480. [PMID: 27597388 DOI: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2016.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In June 2014, the mosquito-borne chikungunya virus (CHIKV) emerged in the U.S. Virgin Islands (USVI), a location where tourists comprise the majority of the population during peak season (January-April). Limited information is available concerning visitors' CHIKV awareness and prevention measures. METHODS We surveyed a convenience sample of Virgin Islands National Park visitors aged ≥18 years. Respondents completed a questionnaire assessing CHIKV knowledge, attitudes, and practices; health information-seeking practices; and demographics. RESULTS Of 783 persons contacted, 443 (57%) completed the survey. Fewer than half (208/441 [47%]) were aware of CHIKV. During trip preparation, 28% of respondents (126/443) investigated USVI-specific health concerns. Compared with persons unaware of CHIKV, CHIKV-aware persons were more likely to apply insect repellent (134/207 [65%] versus 111/231 [48%]; p < 0.001), wear long-sleeves and long pants (84/203 [41%] versus 57/227 [25%]; p < 0.001), and wear insect repellent-treated clothing (36/204 [18%] versus 22/227 [10%]; p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS The majority of visitors surveyed did not research destination-related health concerns and were unaware of CHIKV. However, CHIKV awareness was associated with using multiple prevention measures to reduce disease risk. These findings underscore the importance of providing tourists with disease education upon destination arrival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cara C Cherry
- Epidemic Intelligence Service, Division of Scientific Education and Professional Development, Center for Surveillance, Epidemiology and Laboratory Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA, USA; Office of Public Health and Wildlife Health Branch, Biological Resources Division, National Park Service, 1201 Oakridge Drive, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
| | - Karlyn D Beer
- Epidemic Intelligence Service, Division of Scientific Education and Professional Development, Center for Surveillance, Epidemiology and Laboratory Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA, USA; Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road NE CDC, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Corey Fulton
- Epidemiology Elective Program, Division of Scientific Education and Professional Development, Center for Surveillance, Epidemiology, and Laboratory Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA, USA; Arboviral Diseases Branch, Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 3156 Rampart Rd, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - David Wong
- Office of Public Health, National Park Service, 4030 Mackland Ave NE, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Danielle Buttke
- Office of Public Health and Wildlife Health Branch, Biological Resources Division, National Park Service, 1201 Oakridge Drive, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - J Erin Staples
- Arboviral Diseases Branch, Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 3156 Rampart Rd, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Esther M Ellis
- Virgin Islands Department of Health, 3500 Estate Richmond Christiansted, U.S. Virgin Islands
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50
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Martinez DJ, Turner MM, Pratt-Chapman M, Kashima K, Hargreaves MK, Dignan MB, Hébert JR. The Effect of Changes in Health Beliefs Among African-American and Rural White Church Congregants Enrolled in an Obesity Intervention: A Qualitative Evaluation. J Community Health 2016; 41:518-25. [PMID: 26601845 PMCID: PMC4844792 DOI: 10.1007/s10900-015-0125-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Church interventions can reduce obesity disparities by empowering participants with knowledge and skills within an established community. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the Biomedical/Obesity Reduction Trial (BMORe) and investigate changes in health beliefs among obese adult participants. Ten pre-/post-intervention focus groups applying the Health Belief Model conducted in two African-American churches in Tennessee (n = 20) and South Carolina (n = 20), and one rural Appalachian church in Kentucky (n = 21). Two independent coders using NVivo analyzed transcribed audio data and notes. Participants' health status of being overweight/obese and having comorbidities of diabetes and high blood pressure motivated enrollment in BMORe. Initially participants voiced low self-efficacy in cooking healthy and reading food labels. BMORe made participants feel "empowered" after 12 weeks compared to initially feeling "out of control" with their weight. Participants reported improvements in emotional health, quality of life, and fewer medications. During post-intervention focus groups, participants reported increased self-efficacy through family support, sharing healthy eating strategies, and having accountability partners. Solidarity and common understanding among BMORe participants led focus group attendees to comment how their peers motivated them to stay in the program for 12 weeks. Long-term barriers include keeping the weight off by maintaining habits of exercise and healthy eating. Implementation of pre-/post-intervention focus groups is an innovative approach to evaluate an obesity intervention and track how changes in health beliefs facilitated behavior change. This novel approach shows promise for behavioral interventions that rely on participant engagement for sustained effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane J Martinez
- Department of Prevention and Community Health, The Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20052, USA.
| | - Monique M Turner
- Department of Prevention and Community Health, The Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - Mandi Pratt-Chapman
- The George Washington University, GW Cancer Institute, Washington, DC, 20036, USA
| | - Kanako Kashima
- The George Washington University, GW Cancer Institute, Washington, DC, 20036, USA
| | | | - Mark B Dignan
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - James R Hébert
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Cancer Prevention and Control Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
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