Heparinase treatment of heparin-contaminated plasma from coronary artery bypass grafting patients enables reliable quantification of microRNAs

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Plasma collected before cardiac surgery also contain variable amounts of heparin.

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Evaluation of RT-qPCR inhibition is recommended for all types of clinical samples.

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Heparinase treatment completely eliminated widely different levels of inhibition.

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Heparinase treatment causes different (1.5- to 6.5-fold) decrease in the amount of detected RNA for different targets.

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Heparinase treatment did not influence the technical variability RNA quantification, neither at high nor at low concentration of targets.

Background

microRNAs have recently been identified as powerful biomarkers of human disease. Reliable polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based quantification of nucleic acids in clinical samples contaminated with polymerase inhibitor heparin requires deheparinization. However, the effects of deheparinization procedure on quantification of nucleic acids remain largely unknown. The aim of this study was to determine whether the deheparinization procedure completely eliminates the inhibition of amplification, while maintaining RNA integrity and technical variability of the measured microRNA levels.

Methods

Heparinized plasma from 9 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and the heparin-free plasma from 58 rats were spiked with a synthetic RNA oligonucleotide and total RNA was extracted. The RNA solutions were then treated with heparinase I to remove contaminating heparin prior to reverse transcription. Levels of synthetic spike-in RNA oligonucleotide, as well as endogenous hsa-miR-1-3p and hsa-miR-208a-3p, were measured using quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR). The amplification efficiency and presence of inhibitors in individual samples were directly determined using calibration curves.

Results

In contrast to RNA samples from rat plasma, RNA samples derived from the CABG patient plasma contained inhibitors, which were completely eliminated by treatment with heparinase. The procedure caused a decrease in the amount of detected RNA; however, the technical variability of the measured targets did not change, allowing for the quantification of circulating endogenous hsa-miR-1-3p and hsa-miR-208a-3p in the plasma of CABG patients.

Conclusions

The heparinase treatment procedure enables utilization of RT-qPCR for reliable microRNA quantification in heparinized plasma.