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Scaria J, Nidheesh PV. Pre-treatment of real pharmaceutical wastewater by heterogeneous Fenton and persulfate oxidation processes. Environ Res 2023; 217:114786. [PMID: 36395865 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This study compares the pre-oxidation of pharmaceutical wastewater by hydroxyl radical based advanced oxidation (HR-AOP) and a sulfate radical based advanced oxidation process (SR-AOP). The heterogeneous Fenton process is chosen as a model HR-AOP and persulfate (PS) activation as a model SR-AOP. The pre-treatment efficacy of both processes in terms of TOC, and COD removals using Fe3O4-rGO catalyst were considered. Under the investigated experimental conditions, both processes yielded fluctuating COD values with time. The heterogeneous Fenton process discovered to be the most efficient to remove 68.7% TOC in 180 min of treatment, when Fe3O4-rGO: H2O2 = 300 mg L-1:150 mM H2O2 was used at pH 3. Notably, the heterogeneous Fenton system was not considerably inhibited at the natural pH of pharmaceutical wastewater (6.75), as the process successfully removed 64.6% TOC. On the other hand, in persulfate activation studies, Fe3O4-rGO: PS = 400 mg L-1: 5 mM was the ideal condition for removing 59.5% TOC in 180 min at pH 3. Whereas the natural pH condition significantly inhibited the TOC removal, as only 20.8% TOC removal was feasible. The wastewater characterisation before and after Fenton treatment reveals that Fenton oxidation leads to an increase in inorganics (chlorides: 160 ± 15 mg L-1, nitrates: 63.14 ± 3.08 mg L-1, sulfates: 266.31 ± 31.39 mg L-1) necessitating an additional treatment step to reduce COD and inorganics further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaimy Scaria
- Environmental Impact and Sustainability Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - P V Nidheesh
- Environmental Impact and Sustainability Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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2
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Raji M, Tahroudi MN, Ye F, Dutta J. Prediction of heterogeneous Fenton process in treatment of melanoidin-containing wastewater using data-based models. J Environ Manage 2022; 307:114518. [PMID: 35078065 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.114518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Predictive capability of response surface methodology (RSM) and ant colony optimization combined with support vector regression (ACO-SVR) models are applied for determining optimal parameters in the process of heterogeneous Fenton oxidation of melanoidin, a high molecular weight polymer widely produced during fermentation processes generating large quantities of wastewater with intense brown color and extremely high chemical oxygen demand (COD). Prediction of the performance of nano zero-valent iron supported on activated carbon cloth-chitosan (ACC-CH-nZVI) catalysts was carried out using Box-Behnken design (BBD) and analysis of variance to evaluate the interaction of independent variables involved in heterogeneous Fenton reaction. The optimized condition with minimal consumption of H2O2 (173 mM) resulted in 77.1% decolorization of melanoidin-contaminated water corresponding to 74.4% COD removal at pH 3 (600 mg/l Fe dosage) for 90 min reaction time. The corresponding weight ratio of H2O2 to COD was 0.98, much lower than the stoichiometric value 2.125, indicating the effectiveness of ACC-CH-nZVI as a heterogeneous Fenton-like catalyst. In comparison to previously published experimental results, ACO-SVR model shows higher coefficient of determination (R2; 0.9983) but lower root mean squared error (RMSE) and mean absolute error (MAE) than those of RSM model, indicating relative superiority in prediction capability. Besides, ACO algorithm appears to be a promising tool for improving forecasting accuracy of SVR model. This work demonstrates the applicability of ACO-SVR model in predicting the performance of wastewater treatment using Fenton process with limited number of experiment and exhibits satisfactory prediction results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdieh Raji
- Functional Materials Group, Department of Applied Physics, School of Engineering Sciences, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden; Faculty of Civil Engineering, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
| | | | - Fei Ye
- Functional Materials Group, Department of Applied Physics, School of Engineering Sciences, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Joydeep Dutta
- Functional Materials Group, Department of Applied Physics, School of Engineering Sciences, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
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3
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Hernández L, Augusto PA, Castelo-Grande T, Barbosa D. Regeneration and reuse of magnetic particles for contaminant degradation in water. J Environ Manage 2021; 285:112155. [PMID: 33652186 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Fenton reaction is an oxidation process of interest in wastewater treatment because of its ability to degrade organic compounds. Iron-based magnetic particles can be a very useful catalyst when using heterogeneous Fenton process. The major problem of this heterogeneous process is the saturation of the Fe 3+ on the surface, which limits the process. In this study, the possibility of using magnetite particles as a substrate is presented, increasing its degradation efficiency by Fenton reaction through a regeneration process that achieves the electronic reduction of its surface using reducing agents. The results indicate that the regeneration process is quite effective, increasing the efficiency of the degradation of Methylene Blue up to 99%. The concentration of magnetite is the most influential factor in the efficiency of the reaction, while the regeneration time and the concentration of reducing agent do not significantly affect the results considering the range used. The presence of mechanical stirring may adversely affect the reaction in the long term. Increasing the oxidant agent concentration reduces the initial speed of the reaction but not the long-term efficiency. The use of hydrazine in this process allows the successive reuse of these particles maintaining a high percentage of elimination of methylene blue, above 70% even after 10 uses, compared to an elimination below 20% for particles not regenerated after the second use and for particles regenerated with ascorbic acid after the eighth use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Hernández
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Textil, Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas, Universidad de Salamanca, Plaza de los Caídos, 1-5, 37008, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Paulo A Augusto
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Textil, Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas, Universidad de Salamanca, Plaza de los Caídos, 1-5, 37008, Salamanca, Spain; LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Teresa Castelo-Grande
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal
| | - Domingos Barbosa
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal
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Cai QQ, Lee BCY, Ong SL, Hu JY. Fluidized-bed Fenton technologies for recalcitrant industrial wastewater treatment-Recent advances, challenges and perspective. Water Res 2021; 190:116692. [PMID: 33279748 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, fluidized-bed Fenton (FBR-Fenton) process has gained more attention in treating recalcitrant industrial wastewater. FBR-Fenton combines the effectiveness of homogeneous Fenton and sludge reduction of heterogeneous Fenton. Comparing to other modified Fenton processes, FBR-Fenton has greater economical and scaling up potential. However, large consumption of Fenton reagents and strict pH control are still the bottlenecks hampering the full-scale application of FBR-Fenton. While prior reviews mainly focused on the operation and performance of FBR-Fenton process, the present study critically discussed the challenges and bottlenecks for its full-scale industrial application. This study also comprehensively reviewed the development strategies for tackling these drawbacks, mainly over the recent five years. Homogeneous FBR-Fenton, heterogeneous FBR-Fenton and heterogeneous FBR-photo-Fenton processes were classified for the first time according to their reaction mechanisms and system designs. Important operational and design parameters affecting the cost-effectiveness of all FBR-Fenton technologies were reviewed, including the fundamentals, common practices and even innovative steps for enhancing the process performance. Up-to-date applications of FBR-Fenton technologies in recalcitrant wastewater/compounds treatment were also summarized, and it was found that upscaling of heterogeneous FBR-Fenton and heterogeneous FBR-photo-Fenton processes was still very challenging. Strategies to overcome the key technical limitations and enhance process cost-effectiveness were discussed in the future perspective part. Furthermore, modelling techniques such as computational fluid dynamics model and artificial neural network were suggested to be promising modelling techniques for speeding up the full-scale applications of FBR-Fenton technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Q Cai
- Sembcorp-NUS Corporate Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Sembcorp-NUS Corporate Laboratory c/o FoE, Block E1A, #04-01, 1 Engineering Drive 2 117576, Singapore; Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Block E1A, #07-01, 1 Engineering Drive 2 117576, Singapore
| | - B C Y Lee
- Sembcorp-NUS Corporate Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Sembcorp-NUS Corporate Laboratory c/o FoE, Block E1A, #04-01, 1 Engineering Drive 2 117576, Singapore; Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Block E1A, #07-01, 1 Engineering Drive 2 117576, Singapore
| | - S L Ong
- Sembcorp-NUS Corporate Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Sembcorp-NUS Corporate Laboratory c/o FoE, Block E1A, #04-01, 1 Engineering Drive 2 117576, Singapore; Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Block E1A, #07-01, 1 Engineering Drive 2 117576, Singapore
| | - J Y Hu
- Sembcorp-NUS Corporate Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Sembcorp-NUS Corporate Laboratory c/o FoE, Block E1A, #04-01, 1 Engineering Drive 2 117576, Singapore; Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Block E1A, #07-01, 1 Engineering Drive 2 117576, Singapore.
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Ahmad M, Aziz ARA, Mazari SA, Baloch AG, Nizamuddin S. Photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange from wastewater using a newly developed Fe-Cu-Zn-ZSM-5 catalyst. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2020; 27:26239-26248. [PMID: 32358758 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08940-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Photo-Fenton oxidation is one of the most promising processes to remove recalcitrant contaminants from industrial wastewater. In this study, we developed a novel heterogeneous catalyst to enhance photo-Fenton oxidation. Multi-composition (Fe-Cu-Zn) on aluminosilicate zeolite (ZSM-5) was prepared using a chemical process. Subsequently, the synthesized catalyst was characterized by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), energy dispersive X-ray (spectroscopy) (EDX), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET). Activity of the synthesized catalyst is analysed to degrade an azo dye, methyl orange. Taguchi method is used to optimize color removal and total carbon content (TOC) removal. The dye completely degraded, and 76% of TOC removal was obtained at optimized process conditions. The amount of catalyst required for the desired degradation of dye significantly reduced up to 92% and 30% compared to conventional homogenous and heterogeneous Fenton oxidation processes, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mushtaq Ahmad
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Abdul Raman Abdul Aziz
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shaukat Ali Mazari
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Dawood University of Engineering and Technology, Karachi, 47800, Pakistan.
| | - Abdul Ghaffar Baloch
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Quaid-e-Awam University of Engineering, Science and Technology, Nawabshah, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Sabzoi Nizamuddin
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia.
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Lv Y, Huang S, Huang G, Liu Y, Yang G, Lin C, Xiao G, Wang Y, Liu M. Remediation of organic arsenic contaminants with heterogeneous Fenton process mediated by SiO 2-coated nano zero-valent iron. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2020; 27:12017-12029. [PMID: 31983004 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-07808-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Given their considerable solubility in water and potentially high toxicity to human health, organoarsenic compounds have become an emerging contaminant. Herein, a heterogeneous Fenton process mediated by SiO2-coated nano zero-valent iron (SiO2-nZVI) was employed to simultaneously remove the p-arsanilic acid (p-ASA, a typical organoarsenic compound) and the released arsenic. The initial pH value significantly influenced on the degradation of p-ASA and at the optimal pH (3.0), p-ASA (10 mg L-1) could be completely oxidized to As(V), NH4+, and plentiful phenolic compounds such as phenol and p-hydroquinone via the cleavage of C-N and C-As bonds within 60 min in pure water. Meanwhile, although the formed lepidocrocite and magnetite on the surface of SiO2-nZVI significantly limited the reutilization, they played a vital role in the adsorption of the released As(V) and the residual arsenic levels in the effluent were as low as 0.031 mg L-1, meeting both the drinking water standard of the World Health Organization (WHO) and the surface water standard of China (0.05 mg L-1). Furthermore, high-level dissolved organic matters (DOM) (> 2 mg C L-1) exhibited strong interference with both the oxidation of p-ASA and adsorption of arsenic, but the interference could be eliminated by increasing the SiO2-nZVI dosage or adding H2O2. Importantly, this system could completely remediate p-ASA in a short time and simultaneously avoid the secondary pollution caused by inorganic arsenic, which was significant for the remediation of organoarsenic pollutants in swine wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuancai Lv
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center for High-value Utilization Technology of Plant Resources, College of Environment & Resources, Fuzhou University, No. 2 Xueyuan Road, Shangjie Town, Minhou County, Fuzhou, 350116, Fujian, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecology-Toxicological Effects & Control for Emerging Contaminants, Putian University, Putian, 351100, China
| | - Siyi Huang
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center for High-value Utilization Technology of Plant Resources, College of Environment & Resources, Fuzhou University, No. 2 Xueyuan Road, Shangjie Town, Minhou County, Fuzhou, 350116, Fujian, China
| | - Guofu Huang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Environment, Weifang University of Science and Technology, Shouguang, 262700, China
| | - Yifan Liu
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center for High-value Utilization Technology of Plant Resources, College of Environment & Resources, Fuzhou University, No. 2 Xueyuan Road, Shangjie Town, Minhou County, Fuzhou, 350116, Fujian, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecology-Toxicological Effects & Control for Emerging Contaminants, Putian University, Putian, 351100, China
| | - Guifang Yang
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center for High-value Utilization Technology of Plant Resources, College of Environment & Resources, Fuzhou University, No. 2 Xueyuan Road, Shangjie Town, Minhou County, Fuzhou, 350116, Fujian, China
| | - Chunxiang Lin
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center for High-value Utilization Technology of Plant Resources, College of Environment & Resources, Fuzhou University, No. 2 Xueyuan Road, Shangjie Town, Minhou County, Fuzhou, 350116, Fujian, China
| | - Gao Xiao
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center for High-value Utilization Technology of Plant Resources, College of Environment & Resources, Fuzhou University, No. 2 Xueyuan Road, Shangjie Town, Minhou County, Fuzhou, 350116, Fujian, China
| | - Yonghao Wang
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center for High-value Utilization Technology of Plant Resources, College of Environment & Resources, Fuzhou University, No. 2 Xueyuan Road, Shangjie Town, Minhou County, Fuzhou, 350116, Fujian, China.
| | - Minghua Liu
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center for High-value Utilization Technology of Plant Resources, College of Environment & Resources, Fuzhou University, No. 2 Xueyuan Road, Shangjie Town, Minhou County, Fuzhou, 350116, Fujian, China.
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Niveditha SV, Gandhimathi R. Flyash augmented Fe 3O 4 as a heterogeneous catalyst for degradation of stabilized landfill leachate in Fenton process. Chemosphere 2020; 242:125189. [PMID: 31675578 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study magnetite (Fe3O4) was augmented over coal flyash and analyzed for the effectiveness as a catalyst in heterogeneous Fenton process for the degradation of persistent organic pollutant present in stabilized landfill leachate. Fe3O4 and flyash augmented Fe3O4 was prepared by simple chemical precipitation method and both had magnetic nature. XRD, FTIR and SEM with EDX characterization were consummated for both catalysts. The Fenton experiments were performed in batch mode and to identify the optimal operating condition for effective COD removal the leachate pH, catalysts and H2O2 dosages were varied. The reusability of the catalysts was studied. To understand the degradation mechanism adsorption study, Fenton oxidation of benzoic acid and scavenging experiments with KI and NaF were performed. It was witnessed that flyash augmented Fe3O4 exhibited 84.7% of COD degradation which was 12.3% of higher removal efficiency than Fe3O4 at optimum pH 3, 0.05 M H2O2 and 1000 mg/L of catalyst dosage in 100 min reaction time. This flyash augmented Fe3O4 showed 68% of TOC removal and good increment in biodegradability. Poor NH3-N removal was observed in the Fenton treatment process. Decrease in aromaticity was found based on SUVA254 value and also indicated the removal of organic matter. Similarly, reusability and stability were higher than Fe3O4. The results indicate that flyash augmented Fe3O4 is a competent catalyst in heterogeneous Fenton process for treatment of mature leachate. The usage of waste material flyash with Fe3O4 decreases the co-aggregation of Fe3O4 and improves the catalytic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- S V Niveditha
- Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli, Thuvakudi, Tamil Nadu, 620 015, India
| | - R Gandhimathi
- Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli, Thuvakudi, Tamil Nadu, 620 015, India.
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Farshchi ME, Aghdasinia H, Khataee A. Heterogeneous Fenton reaction for elimination of Acid Yellow 36 in both fluidized-bed and stirred-tank reactors: Computational fluid dynamics versus experiments. Water Res 2019; 151:203-214. [PMID: 30594832 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Heterogeneous Fenton process is a kind of advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) that is significant for wastewater treatment. In the first part of this study, acid yellow 36 (AY36) degradation process has occurred in two kinds of reactors: fluidized-bed and stirred-tank reactors. Performances of these two semi-pilot reactors are compared by evaluating the removal ratio of the dye and pH changes during the process. Pyrite has been used as a heterogeneous catalyst. For obtaining the characteristics of pyrite, XRD, SEM, and FT-IR analysis have been carried out. In the second part of this study, a modified computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method has been utilized to solve the momentum and mass balances for heterogeneous Fenton process in both reactors. In AOPs, free radicals are reactive and have a short lifetime, so that turbulence mixing would be a limiting factor for the reactions that radicals are involved. By introducing a new parameter, named turbulence mixing rate, as a reaction rate for reactive species like hydroxyl radicals, the results of removal ratio and pH changes during the process showed a good agreement between the experiments and the CFD simulations, compared with not including the mixing rate in the CFD simulations (conventional kinetic modeling). In addition, the results revealed the high performance of the fluidized-bed reactor for this process in both experiments and CFD simulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Ebrahimi Farshchi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Tabriz, 51666-16471, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hassan Aghdasinia
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Tabriz, 51666-16471, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Alireza Khataee
- Research Laboratory of Advanced Water and Wastewater Treatment Processes, Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, 51666-16471, Tabriz, Iran
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Mirzaei A, Chen Z, Haghighat F, Yerushalmi L. Removal of pharmaceuticals from water by homo/heterogonous Fenton-type processes - A review. Chemosphere 2017; 174:665-688. [PMID: 28199944 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The presence of emerging contaminants such as pharmaceuticals in natural waters has raised increasing concern due to their frequent appearance and persistence in the aquatic ecosystem and the threat to health and safety of aquatic life, even at trace concentrations. Conventional water treatment processes are known to be generally inadequate for the elimination of these persistent contaminants. Therefore, the use of advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) which are able to efficiently oxidize organic pollutants has attracted a great amount of attention. The main limitation of AOPs lies in their high operating costs associated with the consumption of energy and chemicals. Fenton-based processes, which utilize nontoxic and common reagents and potentially can exploit solar energy, will considerably reduce the removal cost of recalcitrant contaminants. The disadvantages of homogeneous Fenton processes, such as the generation of high amounts of iron-containing sludge and limited operational range of pH, have prompted much attention to the use of heterogeneous Fenton processes. In this review, the impacts of some controlling parameters including the H2O2 and catalyst dosage, solution pH, initial contaminants concentrations, temperature, type of catalyst, intensity of irradiation, reaction time and feeding mode on the removal efficiencies of hetero/homogeneous Fenton processes are discussed. In addition, the combination of Fenton-type processes with biological systems as the pre/post treatment stages in pilot-scale operations is considered. The reported experimental results obtained by using Fenton and photo-Fenton processes for the elimination of pharmaceutical contaminants are also compiled and evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Mirzaei
- Department of Building, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, H3G 1M8, Canada
| | - Zhi Chen
- Department of Building, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, H3G 1M8, Canada.
| | - Fariborz Haghighat
- Department of Building, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, H3G 1M8, Canada
| | - Laleh Yerushalmi
- Department of Building, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, H3G 1M8, Canada
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