Voluntary blood donation knowledge, attitude, and practice among adult populations of Hosanna Town, South Ethiopia: a community-based cross-sectional study

Introduction

Even though blood donation has increased in the past decades, it remains a challenge worldwide. An adequate blood supply can only be assured through voluntary blood donation. There is inadequate information on the level of blood donation practice in the current study area. This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude, practice, and associated factors toward voluntary blood donation among Hosanna town adult populations.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted from 1 May 2022 to 30 June 2022, on a total of 422 adult populations of Hosanna town. A simple random sampling technique was used to select the study subjects. Data were collected by face-to-face interviews using a structured pre-tested questionnaire. The levels of knowledge, attitude, and practice of participants toward voluntary blood donation were measured using a set of questions. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25. Chi-square and odds ratios were calculated, and the results were presented with words and tables.

Results

In this study, a total of 422 participants enrolled with a response rate of 96.6%. Of the total respondents, 204 (48.3%), 209 (49.5%), and 123 (29.15%) study participants had good knowledge, favorable attitude, and experience of blood donation, respectively. Participants' sex being male and having favorable attitudes were found to have significant associations with blood donation practice. Furthermore, it was found that male participants were more than two and a half times more likely to donate blood than female participants (AOR: 2.53; 95% CI: 1.54, 4.15). Those who had favorable attitudes were found more than three and a half times more likely to donate blood than those having unfavorable attitudes (AOR: 3.54; 95% CI: 1.32, 9.46).

Conclusion and recommendations

A large proportion of adult populations had poor knowledge, unfavorable attitudes, and low practice toward voluntary blood donation. Therefore, local and national blood banks and transfusion agencies should design strategies that can be implemented to improve the knowledge or attitude of the adult population and motivate the population to donate blood voluntarily.

Blood donation intentions and predictors among Hosanna town dwellers, south nation nationality peoples region, Ethiopia

Introduction

Blood is a vital concern to society. It contributes to saving millions of lives each year in both regular and emergency situations. Globally, there is a continual need to maintain a safe and sufficient supply of blood and blood yields. Patients who are in need of blood transfusion as part of their medical management have the right to wait for safe and sufficient blood. However, globally, many patients still suffer unnecessarily and die because of a deficiency in safe blood transfusion.

Objective

The aim of this study was to assess the intention and factors influencing the donation of blood voluntarily among hosanna town dwellers.

Methods

Community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 677 adult dwellers of age 18-60 years old that were selected by multi-stage sampling in hosanna town Hadiya Zone, SNNPR Ethiopia, December 2016.

Result

In this study, 204 (30.1%) of the total participants had ever donated blood. But only 236 (34.9) had the intention to donate blood in the future, which is much less. Age, income, educational status, attitude, and knowledge of participants showed statistically significant association with blood donation intention. As a unit increase by a comprehensive knowledge of the participants, blood donation intention increases by 1.46 (AOR = 1.46, 95% CI: (1.24-1.72)) and people with a favorable attitude towards blood donation had 6.36 times (AOR = 6.36, 95% CI: (3.30-17.24)) more likely intended to donate blood than those who had unfavorable attitude. People who had no formal education have intended 84% less likely when compared with those who had completed primary school only (AOR = 0.16, 95% CI: (0.04-0.64)). Similarly, people who were in the first, least, tertiary income category had blood donation intention 82% (AOR = 0.18, 95% CI: (0.06-0.58)) less likely when compared with people in the highest group.

Conclusion and Recommendation

As only 30.1% and 34.9 had ever donated blood and intended to donate blood, respectively, which is very low. Lack of awareness and periodic sensitizations were major reasons. Thus, it would be better if the Hadiya zone health department, hosanna town health office, and blood bank hosanna branch take the initiative to increase awareness on voluntary blood donation in the community through different strategies and periodic sensitizations.

Prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of Shigella and Salmonella among children aged below five years with Diarrhoea attending Nigist Eleni Mohammed memorial hospital, South Ethiopia

BACKGROUND

Diarrhoeal disease is the second leading cause of death among children aged below 5 years. Even though, both preventable and treatable diseases, globally there are nearly 1.7 billion cases of childhood diarrhoeal disease and responsible for killing around 525,000 children every year. Shigella and Salmonella species were the leading cause of etiologic agents for diarrhoea associated deaths. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of Shigella and Salmonella isolated from children aged below 5 years with diarrhoea attending Nigist Eleni Mohammed Memorial Hospital, Hossana, South Ethiopia.

METHODS

A cross sectional study was conducted from June 02 to September 24, 2017. Two hundred four children aged below 5 years with diarrhoea were enrolled consecutively using convenience sampling technique. Stool specimens were processed in accordance with the standard bacteriological methods and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of the isolates was determined using disc diffusion method. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20.

RESULTS

Out of the 204 children aged below 5 years with diarrhoeal disease 19/204 (9.3%, [95%CI, 5.7-13.7%]) of them were positive for bacterial growth, of which 17/204(8.3%) were Shigella species and 2/204(1%) were Salmonella species. Both Shigella and Salmonella isolates were 100% susceptible to norfloxacin, nalidixic acid and kanamycin. However, isolates of Shigella showed 100, 76.5 and 64.7% resistance to ampicillin, gentamicin and cotrimoxazole respectively while Salmonella species were highly resistant to ampicillin and gentamicin (100% each).

CONCLUSIONS

Salmonella and Shigella species is prevalent in the current study area. Among the tested antibiotics, norfloxacin, nalidixic acid and kanamycin were found to be most effective for both isolates. Both species are developing resistance to the commonly prescribed antibiotic. Therefore, culture based bacterial species identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing services are strongly recommended to avoid empirical treatment in the study area.