1
|
Nteli Chatzioglou G, Önal V, Gayretli Ö. Morphometric and morphological evaluation of the nasolacrimal groove in 150 dry bones in the Anatolian population. Surg Radiol Anat 2024; 46:559-566. [PMID: 38393369 DOI: 10.1007/s00276-024-03311-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
PUPOSE In this study, we aimed to evaluate the anatomical features of the nasolacrimal groove in detail by providing a morphological classification based on morphometric evaluations of the nasolacrimal groove. METHODS A total of 150 sagittal dry bones in the Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University were evaluated. The length and the width at different points of the nasolacrimal canal were calculated. According to the widths of the nasolacrimal canal ten different morphological types were revealed. RESULTS The length of the canal was found as mean 13.62 ± 2.42 mm on the right and 12.44 ± 2.68 mm on the left side. The entrance, the base, the upper and the lower thirds of nasolacrimal canal were 6.22 ± 1.19 mm, 7.95 ± 1.85 mm, 5.85 ± 1.06 mm, 6.60 ± 1.54 mm, on the right and 6.08 ± 1.16 mm, 7.24 ± 1.64 mm, 5.45 ± 1.29 mm, 6.23 ± 1.48 mm, on the left side, respectively. The width of the entrance of the nasolacrimal canal was the narrowest width compared to the base, upper and lower thirds in 7/10 types of 71/150 cranial bones. CONCLUSION This comprehensive morphological classification of the nasolacrimal groove sheds new light on its complex variations. We support that the finding of this study has the potential to improve the precision of diagnostic assessments and guide specific therapeutic interventions for patients with lacrimal drainage disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gkionoul Nteli Chatzioglou
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Health and Technology University, İmrahor St., Beyoglu, 34015, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Vildan Önal
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Özcan Gayretli
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Harikrishnan P, Magesh V. Stress Trajectory Variations During Occlusal Loading in Human Skull with a Maxillofacial Defect: A Finite Element Analysis. J Maxillofac Oral Surg 2023:1-5. [PMID: 37362873 PMCID: PMC10122195 DOI: 10.1007/s12663-023-01924-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Biting forces from the teeth are distributed to the facial bones and to the skull through the stress trajectories. The presence of a bony defect in either the maxilla or mandible might lead to variations in the stress distribution. The aim of this study was to evaluate the stress distribution and variations in stress trajectories from biting forces in a human skull with maxillofacial defect using a finite element (FE) model. Methodology In this study, a cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) of an adult male patient with a maxillectomy defect consequent to surgical treatment of mucormycosis is evaluated for the stress distribution from the biting forces of the remaining posterior teeth. Finite element model without the mandible was constructed from the patient's CBCT data. Occlusal loading forces of 600 N were applied on each side of the maxillary teeth. Stress trajectories were visualised through the stress distribution pattern. Results The results showed deviations in the normal stress distribution during occlusal loading and variations in zygomatic and pterygoid stress trajectories in the maxillofacial and skull regions in our FE model due to the bony defect. Conclusion We conclude that a skeletal maxillofacial defect should be reconstructed to resume proper stress distribution during functional forces to maintain a healthy craniofacial skeleton.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pandurangan Harikrishnan
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dental Sciences, SGT University, Gurugram, Haryana 122505 India
- Teeth “N” Jaws Center, Lake Area, Nungambakkam, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600034 India
| | - Varadaraju Magesh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu 603203 India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bernard S, Bilodeau M, Masson P, Moreau F, Lepage JF, Micheau P, Quaegebeur N. Influence of Plastination on Ultrasound Transmission Through the Human Skull. Ultrasound Med Biol 2023; 49:901-907. [PMID: 36517383 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2022.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Development, optimization and validation of transcranial ultrasound methods require the use of fresh human or animal skulls. However, to avoid fresh skull degradation over time, fixation methods are required for conservation, such as formaldehyde buffer solution. This method allows for conservation of the skull properties over a relatively long period, but requires specific conditioning (de-gassing) and storage conditions, such that its practical use is limited. Plastination appears to be a unique solution for the preservation and transportation of body parts without constraints. However, the influence of this conservation process has yet to be characterized with respect to ultrasound transmission to verify that the acoustic and mechanical properties of the skulls are not altered by the plastination process. The objective of the study described here was to quantify the effect of plastination on ultrasound transmission through the temporal and parietal areas of the human skull between 200 kHz and 2 MHz. To achieve this, transmission measurements were performed on three different skulls and four areas before and after plastination. It was found that the plastination process results in a transmission loss of 5 dB. Moreover, results indicate that the plastination process does not induce any phase shift in the transmitted signal, validating the proper use of plastinated skulls for in vitro measurements and development of new transcranial ultrasound methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soline Bernard
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Maxime Bilodeau
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Patrice Masson
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada; CRCHUS, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada.
| | - François Moreau
- CRCHUS, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada.
| | | | - Philippe Micheau
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada; CRCHUS, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Nicolas Quaegebeur
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada; CRCHUS, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kohtanen E, Mazzotti M, Ruzzene M, Erturk A. Vibration-based elastic parameter identification of the diploë and cortical tables in dry cranial bones. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2021; 123:104747. [PMID: 34399287 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2021.104747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Various human skull models feature a layered cranial structure composed of homogeneous cortical tables and the inner diploë. However, there is a lack of fundamental validation work of such three-layer cranial bone models by combining high-fidelity computational modeling and rigorous experiments. Here, non-contact vibration experiments are conducted on an assortment of dry bone segments from the largest cranial bone regions (parietal, frontal, occipital, and temporal) to estimate the first handful of modal frequencies and damping ratios, as well as mode shapes, in the audio frequency regime. Numerical models that consider the cortical tables and the diploë as domains with separate isotropic material properties are constructed for each bone segment using a routine that identifies the cortical table-diploë boundaries from micro-computed tomography scan images, and reconstructs a three-dimensional geometry layer by layer. The material properties for cortical tables and diploë are obtained using a Hounsfield Unit-based mass density calculation combined with a parameter identification scheme for Young's modulus estimation. With the identified parameters, the average error between experimental and numerical modal frequencies is 1.3% and the modal assurance criterion values for most modes are above 0.90, indicating that the layered model is suitable for predicting the vibrational behavior of cranial bone. The proposed layered modeling and identified elastic parameters are also useful to support computational modeling of cranial guided waves and mode conversion in medical ultrasound. Additionally, the diploë elastic properties are rarely reported in the literature, making this work a fundamental characterization effort that can guide in the selection of material properties for human head models that consider layered cranial bone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Kohtanen
- G. W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 771 Ferst Dr NW, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
| | - M Mazzotti
- P. M. Rady Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, 1111 Engineering Dr, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - M Ruzzene
- P. M. Rady Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, 1111 Engineering Dr, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - A Erturk
- G. W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 771 Ferst Dr NW, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Mazzotti M, Sugino C, Kohtanen E, Erturk A, Ruzzene M. Experimental identification of high order Lamb waves and estimation of the mechanical properties of a dry human skull. Ultrasonics 2021; 113:106343. [PMID: 33540235 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2020.106343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We experimentally investigate and characterize high order Lamb wave modes in a dry human skull. Specifically, we show that the diploë supports distinct wave modes in the sub-1.0 MHz frequency regime, and we employ these modes for the estimation of equivalent mechanical properties of cortical and trabecular bones. These modes are efficiently generated in a parietal region by direct contact excitation with a wedge beam transducer, and are recorded via infrared laser vibrometry. Frequency/wavenumber data are estimated using a matrix pencil method applied to wavefield measurements recorded on the outer cortical surface. The semi-analytical finite element model of an equivalent three-layered plate provides the platform for the identification of wave modes based on their through-the-thickness profiles, and supports the estimation of equivalent mechanical properties in conjunction with an optimization algorithm developed for this purpose. The results presented herein illustrate how high order Lamb waves can be used to gain understanding of the wave properties of a human skull and to estimate the orthotropic and equivalent isotropic mechanical properties of cortical and trabecular bones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Mazzotti
- P.M. Rady Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, USA.
| | - Christopher Sugino
- G.W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, USA
| | - Eetu Kohtanen
- G.W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, USA
| | - Alper Erturk
- G.W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, USA
| | - Massimo Ruzzene
- P.M. Rady Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sugino C, Ruzzene M, Erturk A. Experimental and Computational Investigation of Guided Waves in a Human Skull. Ultrasound Med Biol 2021; 47:787-798. [PMID: 33358510 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2020.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We investigate guided (Lamb) waves in a human cadaver skull through experiments and computational simulations. Ultrasonic wedge transducers and scanning laser Doppler vibrometry are used respectively to excite and measure Lamb waves propagating in the cranial bone of a degassed skull. Measurements are performed over a section of the parietal bone and temporal bone spanning the squamous suture. The experimental data are analyzed for the identification of wave modes and the characterization of dispersion properties. In the parietal bone, for instance, the A0 wave mode is excited between 200 and 600 kHz, and higher-order Lamb waves are excited from 1 to 1.8 MHz. From the experimental dispersion curves and average thickness extracted from the skull computed tomography scan, we estimate average isotropic material properties that capture the essential dispersion characteristics using a semi-analytical finite-element model. We also explore the leaky and non-leaky wave behavior of the degassed skull with water loading in the cranial cavity. Successful excitation of leaky Lamb waves is confirmed (for higher-order wave modes with phase velocity faster than the speed of sound in water) from 500 kHz to 1.5 MHz, which may find applications in imaging and therapeutics at the brain periphery or skull-brain interface (e.g., for metastases). The non-leaky A0 Lamb wave mode propagates between 200 and 600 kHz, with or without fluid loading, for potential use in skull-related diagnostics and imaging (e.g., for sutures).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Sugino
- G. W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
| | - Massimo Ruzzene
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Alper Erturk
- G. W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
de Souza Ferreira MR, Galvão APO, de Queiroz Lima PTMB, de Queiroz Lima AMB, Magalhães CP, Valença MM. The parietal foramen anatomy: studies using dry skulls, cadaver and in vivo MRI. Surg Radiol Anat 2021; 43:1159-1168. [PMID: 33399919 DOI: 10.1007/s00276-020-02650-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to describe the anatomical features encountered in the parietal foramen in a series of 178 human bones and 123 head MRI examinations. A cadaveric specimen was also dissected to demonstrate the trajectory of a superficial scalp vein through the parietal foramen as far as the dura mater. A literature review was performed regarding prevalence of parietal foramen in different populations. METHODS Totally, 178 paired adult bones were used to investigate the presence, shape and number of the parietal foramina. In addition, 123 brain MRI examinations were also studied. RESULTS The parietal foramina were encountered in 75/89 (84.3%) skulls [32/38 (84.2%) in women vs. 43/51 (84.3%) in men, p > 0.05]. The parietal foramen was present bilaterally in 44.73% of females and 54.9% of males. Regarding unilaterality of the parietal foramen, a right or left laterality was observed in female 21% right versus 18% left; and 16% versus 14% (left) in males (p > 0.05). The accessory parietal foramen was present in the right parietal in 2.6% and in 7.9% on the left side of the females, while 5.9% and 3.9% of the males on the right or left sides, respectively. The parietal foramina located in the proximity of the sagittal suture (male 7.1 ± 2.5 mm vs. female, 7.4 ± 2.7 mm). There was a positive correlation between the right and left parietal foramina regarding the distance from the median line. The distance from a foramen to the contralateral one was 16 ± 4 mm in men and 18 ± 5 mm in women, respectively (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION No major differences were encountered between sexes regarding the anatomical features of parietal foramen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Rosana de Souza Ferreira
- Departamento of Anatomy, Academic Center of Vitória of Santo Antão, Vitória, Pernambuco, Brazil. .,Neurosurgery Unit, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. .,Departamento of Anatomy and Neurosurgery Unit, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
| | - André Pukey Oliveira Galvão
- Departamento of Anatomy, Academic Center of Vitória of Santo Antão, Vitória, Pernambuco, Brazil.,Vitória de Santo Antão, Facol University Center, Vitória, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Alves H, Raposo R, Sato S, Slavicek R. Three-dimensional study of different skeletal craniofacial patterns from the eighteenth to the twenty-first century in a Portuguese population. Cranio 2020; 40:274-281. [PMID: 32024455 DOI: 10.1080/08869634.2020.1721138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the most frequent skeletal craniofacial pattern.Methods: Cone beam computed tomography images were obtained for a sample of 332 skulls from the eighteenth, nineteenth and twentieth centuries. A sample of 150 individuals from the twenty-first century was also included. The different skeletal craniofacial patterns were then classified into subclasses according to Slavicek´s method.Results: Over the centuries, skeletal Class II malocclusion has been more prevalent, mainly in the nineteenth century. The skeletal Class I subclass neutral maxilla and neutral mandible (N-N) has presented higher values since the nineteenth century (above 60%), and the skeletal Class II subclass prognathic maxilla and neutral mandible (P-N) have been increasing.Conclusion: In the Portuguese population, the most common skeletal pattern was skeletal Class II malocclusion. From the nineteenth to twenty-first century, there is an increase in the value of skeletal Class I malocclusion, and subclass N-N is undoubtedly the most frequent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heloísa Alves
- Private Practice, Researcher in CIAS, Beja, Portugal
| | | | - Sadao Sato
- Division of Orthodontics, Department of Craniofacial Growth and Development Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental College, Yokosuka, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Gresky J, Haelm J, Clare L. Modified human crania from Göbekli Tepe provide evidence for a new form of Neolithic skull cult. Sci Adv 2017; 3:e1700564. [PMID: 28782013 PMCID: PMC5489262 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1700564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Archaeological excavations at Göbekli Tepe, a transitional Neolithic site in southeast Turkey, have revealed the earliest megalithic ritual architecture with characteristic T-shaped pillars. Although human burials are still absent from the site, a number of fragmented human bones have been recovered from fill deposits of buildings and from adjacent areas. We focus on three partially preserved human skulls, all of which carry artificial modifications of a type so far unknown from contemporaneous sites and the ethnographic record. As such, modified skull fragments from Göbekli Tepe could indicate a new, previously undocumented variation of skull cult in the Early Neolithic of Anatolia and the Levant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Gresky
- Department of Natural Sciences, German Archaeological Institute, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Juliane Haelm
- Department of Natural Sciences, German Archaeological Institute, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Lee Clare
- Orient Department, German Archaeological Institute, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Gawlikowska-Sroka A, Stocki Ł, Dąbrowski P, Kwiatkowska B, Szczurowski J, Czerwiński F. Topography of the mental foramen in human skulls originating from different time periods. Homo 2013; 64:286-95. [PMID: 23726019 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchb.2013.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2011] [Accepted: 03/21/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The location of the mental foramen is used in a number of maxillofacial surgical procedures and in anthropological examinations. The position of the mental foramen has been reported to vary in different ethnic groups and in different historical populations. The aim of this work was to analyse the topography of the mental foramen in mandibles from selected historical populations from the Pomeranian region in Poland. The material consisted of three groups: 92 skulls from the beginning of the 20th century from Szczecin (earlier name Stettin), and two Mediaeval groups -31 skulls from Rurka (historic Rörchen), 18th-19th centuries, and 50 skulls from Sypniewo (historic Zyppnow), 11th-13th centuries. Distances of the mental foramen in relation to the midline, and to the second corresponding point were measured. Additionally, non-metric traits of the mental foramen were recorded. No significant differences in average diameters of the mental foramina measured on the right and the left sides were observed between historical populations. On both sides, in all groups, the foramen was mainly located between positions of the lower first and lower second premolars. In all three groups the direction of the opening of the mental foramen was superoposterior. The similar level of epigenetic variation was observed in all groups. The position and the direction of the exit were similar to other previously studied European populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Gawlikowska-Sroka
- Department of General and Clinical Anatomy, Pomeranian Medical University, Al. Powstańców Wlk. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|