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Cossu AM, Melisi F, Noviello TMR, Pasquale LS, Grisolia P, Reale C, Bocchetti M, Falco M, Tammaro C, Accardo N, Longo F, Allosso S, Mesolella M, Addeo R, Perri F, Ottaiano A, Ricciardiello F, Amler E, Ambrosino C, Misso G, Ceccarelli M, Caraglia M, Scrima M. MiR-449a antagonizes EMT through IL-6-mediated trans-signaling in laryngeal squamous cancer. Mol Ther Nucleic Acids 2024; 35:102140. [PMID: 38425711 PMCID: PMC10901858 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2024.102140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in post-transcriptional gene expression regulation and in mechanisms of cancer growth and metastases. In this light, miRNAs could be promising therapeutic targets and biomarkers in clinical practice. Therefore, we investigated if specific miRNAs and their target genes contribute to laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) development. We found a significant decrease of miR-449a in LSCC patients with nodal metastases (63.3%) compared with patients without nodal involvement (44%). The AmpliSeq Transcriptome of HNO-210 miR-449a-transfected cell lines allowed the identification of IL6-R as a potential target. Moreover, the downregulation of IL6-R and the phosphorylation reduction of the downstream signaling effectors, suggested the inhibition of the IL-6 trans-signaling pathway. These biochemical effects were paralleled by a significant inhibition of invasion and migration in vitro and in vivo, supporting an involvement of epithelial-mesenchymal transition. These findings indicate that miR-449a contributes to suppress the metastasization of LSCC by the IL-6 trans-signaling block and affects sensitivity to external stimuli that mimic pro-inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Maria Cossu
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
- Biogem Scarl, Institute of Genetic Research, 83031 Ariano Irpino, Italy
| | - Federica Melisi
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
- Biogem Scarl, Institute of Genetic Research, 83031 Ariano Irpino, Italy
| | - Teresa Maria Rosaria Noviello
- Biogem Scarl, Institute of Genetic Research, 83031 Ariano Irpino, Italy
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, University of Naples "Federico II", Napoli, Italy
| | - Lucia Stefania Pasquale
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
- Biogem Scarl, Institute of Genetic Research, 83031 Ariano Irpino, Italy
| | - Piera Grisolia
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
- Biogem Scarl, Institute of Genetic Research, 83031 Ariano Irpino, Italy
| | - Carla Reale
- Biogem Scarl, Institute of Genetic Research, 83031 Ariano Irpino, Italy
| | - Marco Bocchetti
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
- Biogem Scarl, Institute of Genetic Research, 83031 Ariano Irpino, Italy
| | - Michela Falco
- Biogem Scarl, Institute of Genetic Research, 83031 Ariano Irpino, Italy
| | - Chiara Tammaro
- Biogem Scarl, Institute of Genetic Research, 83031 Ariano Irpino, Italy
| | - Nunzio Accardo
- Ear, Nose, and Throat Unit, AORN "Antonio Cardarelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Longo
- Head and Neck Unit, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, "Fondazione G. Pascale", IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Salvatore Allosso
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, UOC Federico II, 80121 Naples, Italy
| | - Massimo Mesolella
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, UOC Federico II, 80121 Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaele Addeo
- Medical Oncology Unit, San Giovanni di Dio Hospital, 80027 Frattamaggiore, Italy
| | - Francesco Perri
- Head and Neck Unit, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, "Fondazione G. Pascale", IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandro Ottaiano
- SSD Innovative Therapies for Abdominal Metastases, Abdominal Oncology, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, "Fondazione G. Pascale", IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Evzen Amler
- UCEEB, Czech Technical University, Třinecká 1024, 273 43 Buštěhrad, Czech
| | - Concetta Ambrosino
- Biogem Scarl, Institute of Genetic Research, 83031 Ariano Irpino, Italy
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, 82100 Benevento, Italy
| | - Gabriella Misso
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Michele Ceccarelli
- Biogem Scarl, Institute of Genetic Research, 83031 Ariano Irpino, Italy
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, University of Naples "Federico II", Napoli, Italy
| | - Michele Caraglia
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
- Biogem Scarl, Institute of Genetic Research, 83031 Ariano Irpino, Italy
| | - Marianna Scrima
- Biogem Scarl, Institute of Genetic Research, 83031 Ariano Irpino, Italy
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Li X, Wu X, Chen X, Peng S, Chen S, Zhou G, Wei Y, Lu X, Zhou C, Ye Y, Li J, Liu S, Xu J. Selective blockade of interleukin 6 trans-signaling depresses atrial fibrillation. Heart Rhythm 2023; 20:1759-1770. [PMID: 37633428 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2023.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atrial fibrillation (AF) has been accepted as an inflammatory atrial myopathy. Interleukin 6 (IL-6)-dependent inflammatory signaling pathways take context-dependent effects on cardiovascular diseases. IL-6 trans-signaling is predominantly pro-inflammatory. However, its effect on AF is unclear. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of IL-6 trans-signaling in AF. METHODS Circulating levels of IL-6, soluble IL-6 receptor, and soluble glycoprotein 130 (sgp130) in patients with AF and controls were measured to estimate the activation of IL-6 trans-signaling. A mouse model of AF was established by transverse aortic constriction surgery. Sgp130Fc administration was used for the selective blockade of IL-6 trans-signaling. Studies were conducted to evaluate the effects and underlying mechanisms of sgp130Fc on AF inducibility and atrial conduction abnormalities and structural remodeling. RESULTS In patients, the elevation of IL-6 trans-signaling level was positively associated with AF occurrence. IL-6 trans-signaling activation was recapitulated in the mouse model of AF. In transverse aortic constriction-challenged mice, the selective blockade of IL-6 trans-signaling with sgp130Fc attenuated AF inducibility, which was attributable to the amelioration of slow conduction and conduction heterogeneity induced by atrial dilation, fibrosis, and reduction in connexin 40 and redistribution of connexin 43. Sgp130Fc administration also reduced immune cell infiltration and oxidative stress in the mouse atrium and abrogated IL-6 trans-signaling activation-mediated connexin dysregulation and reactive oxygen species production in atrial myocytes. CONCLUSION IL-6 trans-signaling activation contributes to AF development, and its selective blockade may promise a novel therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xintao Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shi Peng
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Songwen Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Genqing Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Wei
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaofeng Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Changzuan Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yutong Ye
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shaowen Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Juan Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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Hoffman JM, Robinson R, Greenway G, Glass J, Budkin S, Sharma S. Blockade of interleukin-6 trans-signaling prevents mitochondrial dysfunction and cellular senescence in retinal endothelial cells. Exp Eye Res 2023; 237:109721. [PMID: 37956941 PMCID: PMC10759313 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2023.109721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a multifaceted cytokine implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy (DR). Its activity extends through cis- and trans-signaling (TS) pathways, with cis-signaling limited to specific cell types possessing the membrane-bound IL-6 receptor, while trans-signaling broadly activates various cells without the membrane bound IL-6 receptor, including retinal endothelial cells. In this study, we determined the effects of interleukin-6 trans-signaling on mitochondrial dysfunction and cellular senescence in human retinal endothelial cells (HRECs). HRECs were cultured and treated with IL-6 + soluble IL-6R or Hyper IL-6 to activate trans-signaling, along with sgp130Fc for inhibition. RT-PCR was used to analyze gene expression changes associated with inflammation and senescence. Cellular senescence was assessed using SA β-gal staining. Mitochondrial function was evaluated using Seahorse XFe24 Bioanalyzer. IL-6 trans-signaling induced inflammatory gene expression as indicated by the upregulation of ICAM1, MCP1, and SERPINA3 levels. Additionally, it reduced mitochondrial respiration and oxidative phosphorylation, and these effects were counteracted by sgp130Fc. Moreover, IL-6 trans-signaling led to altered expression of apoptosis-associated genes, including downregulation of FIS1, BCL2, and MCL1, while promoting cellular senescence, a phenomenon mitigated by sgp130Fc. These results not only deepen our understanding of IL-6 in DR but also carry broader implications for age-related diseases and the aging process itself. This study underscores the potential therapeutic value of targeting IL-6 trans-signaling with sgp130Fc as a promising anti-inflammatory approach for DR and potentially other inflammatory conditions. Further in-vivo investigations are warranted to elucidate the function of IL-6 trans-signaling in aging-related pathologies and overall organismal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M Hoffman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.
| | - Rebekah Robinson
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Grace Greenway
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Joshua Glass
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Stepan Budkin
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Shruti Sharma
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.
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Gesiorowski A, Ettich J, Werner J, Wittich C, Pieper S, Padrini G, Behnke K, Floss DM, Lang PA, Moll JM, Scheller J. Bispecific soluble cytokine receptor-nanobody fusions inhibit Interleukin (IL-)6 trans-signaling and IL-12/23 or tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signaling. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105343. [PMID: 37838173 PMCID: PMC10652096 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023] Open
Abstract
At least 0.5% of people in the Western world develop inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). While antibodies that block tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α and Interleukin (IL-)23 have been approved for the treatment of IBD, IL-6 antibodies failed in the phase II clinical trial due to non-tolerable side effects. However, two clinical phase II studies suggest that inhibiting IL-6/soluble IL-6R (sIL-6R)-induced trans-signaling via the cytokine receptor gp130 benefit IBD patients with fewer adverse events. Here we develop inhibitors targeting a combination of IL-6/sIL-6R and TNF or IL-12/IL-23 signaling, named cs130-TNFVHHFc and cs130-IL-12/23VHHFc. Surface plasmon resonance experiments showed that recombinant cs130-TNFVHHFc and cs130-IL-12/23VHHFc bind with high affinity to IL-6/sIL-6R complexes and human TNFα (hTNFα) or IL-12/IL-23, respectively. Immunoprecipitation experiments have verified the higher ordered complex formation of the inhibitors with IL-6/sIL-6R and IL-12. We demonstrated that cs130-TNFVHHFc and cs130-IL-12/23VHHFc block IL-6/sIL-6R trans-signaling-induced proliferation and STAT3 phosphorylation of Ba/F3-gp130 cells, as well as hTNFα- or IL-23-induced signaling, respectively. In conclusion, cs130-TNFVHHFc and cs130-IL-12/23VHHFc represent a class of dimeric and bispecific chimeric cytokine inhibitors that consist of a soluble cytokine receptor fused to anti-cytokine nanobodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Gesiorowski
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Julia Ettich
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Julia Werner
- Institute of Molecular Medicine II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christoph Wittich
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Stephan Pieper
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Giacomo Padrini
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Kristina Behnke
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Doreen M Floss
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Philipp A Lang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jens M Moll
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany; PROvendis GmbH, Muelheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Jürgen Scheller
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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Gupta D, Orehek S, Turunen J, O’Donovan L, Gait MJ, El-Andaloussi S, Wood MJA. Modulation of Pro-Inflammatory IL-6 Trans-Signaling Axis by Splice Switching Oligonucleotides as a Therapeutic Modality in Inflammation. Cells 2023; 12:2285. [PMID: 37759507 PMCID: PMC10526877 DOI: 10.3390/cells12182285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a pleiotropic cytokine that plays a crucial role in maintaining normal homeostatic processes under the pathogenesis of various inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. This context-dependent effect from a cytokine is due to two distinctive forms of signaling: cis-signaling and trans-signaling. IL-6 cis-signaling involves binding IL-6 to the membrane-bound IL-6 receptor and Glycoprotein 130 (GP130) signal-transducing subunit. By contrast, in IL-6 trans-signaling, complexes of IL-6 and the soluble form of the IL-6 receptor (sIL-6R) signal via membrane-bound GP130. Various strategies have been employed in the past decade to target the pro-inflammatory effect of IL-6 in numerous inflammatory disorders. However, their development has been hindered since these approaches generally target global IL-6 signaling, also affecting the anti-inflammatory effects of IL-6 signaling too. Therefore, novel strategies explicitly targeting the pro-inflammatory IL-6 trans-signaling without affecting the IL-6 cis-signaling are required and carry immense therapeutic potential. Here, we have developed a novel approach to specifically decoy IL-6-mediated trans-signaling by modulating alternative splicing in GP130, an IL-6 signal transducer, by employing splice switching oligonucleotides (SSO), to induce the expression of truncated soluble isoforms of the protein GP130. This isoform is devoid of signaling domains but allows for specifically sequestering the IL-6/sIL-6R receptor complex with high affinity in serum and thereby suppressing inflammation. Using the state-of-the-art Pip6a cell-penetrating peptide conjugated to PMO-based SSO targeting GP130 for efficient in vivo delivery, reduced disease phenotypes in two different inflammatory mouse models of systemic and intestinal inflammation were observed. Overall, this novel gene therapy platform holds great potential as a refined therapeutic intervention for chronic inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhanu Gupta
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7TY, UK
- Biomolecular Medicine, Division of Biomolecular and Cellular Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 14151 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Sara Orehek
- Biomolecular Medicine, Division of Biomolecular and Cellular Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 14151 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Janne Turunen
- Biomolecular Medicine, Division of Biomolecular and Cellular Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 14151 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Liz O’Donovan
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Michael J. Gait
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Samir El-Andaloussi
- Biomolecular Medicine, Division of Biomolecular and Cellular Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 14151 Huddinge, Sweden
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Jiang S, Shi D, Bai L, Niu T, Kang R, Liu Y. Inhibition of interleukin-6 trans-signaling improves survival and prevents cognitive impairment in a mouse model of sepsis. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 119:110169. [PMID: 37058750 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) manifests clinically as acute and chronic cognitive impairments, which is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Interleukin-6 (IL-6), a pro-inflammatory cytokine, is consistently up-regulated in sepsis. IL-6 initiates proinflammatory effects after binding to soluble IL-6 receptor (IL-6R) through trans-signalling, which requires the transducer gp130. In this study, we investigated whether inhibition of IL-6 trans-signalling is a putative therapeutic target for sepsis and SAE. Twenty-five patients (12 septic and 13 non-septic patients) were recruited for the study. A significant increase of IL-6, IL-1β, IL-10, and IL-8 was observed in the septic patients 24 h after ICU admission. In animal study, cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) was used to induce sepsis in male C57BL/6J mice. One hour before or after inducing sepsis, mice were treated with sgp130, a selective IL-6 trans-signaling inhibitor, respectively. Survival rate, cognition, levels of inflammatory cytokines, integrity of blood-brain barrier (BBB), and oxidative stress were assessed. In addition, immune cells activation and transmigration were evaluated in peripheral blood and brains. Sgp130 improved survival rate and cognitive functions, reduced levels of inflammatory cytokines, including IL-6, TNF-α, IL-10, and MCP-1, in plasma and hippocampus (hipp), mitigated BBB disruption, and ameliorated sepsis-induced oxidative stress. Sgp130 also affected monocytes/macrophages and lymphocytes transmigration and activation in septic mice. Our results indicate that selective inhibition of IL-6 trans-signaling by sgp130 exerts protective effects against SAE in a mouse model of sepsis, suggesting a potential therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sufang Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 215 Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Dandan Shi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 215 Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Long Bai
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 215 Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Tianfu Niu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 215 Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Rongtian Kang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 215 Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Ya Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 215 Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China.
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Barreto Chang OL, Maze M. Defining the role of Interleukin-6 for the development of perioperative neurocognitive disorders: Evidence from clinical and preclinical studies. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 14:1097606. [PMID: 36778590 PMCID: PMC9908597 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.1097606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
For most, staying "mentally sharp" as they age is a very high priority that may be thwarted by the consequences of a postoperative complication unrelated to the disorder which necessitated the surgical intervention. Perioperative neurocognitive disorder (PND) is an overarching term for cognitive impairment in surgical patients, that includes conditions from delirium to dementia, affecting more than 7 million patients annually in the US, and which threatens both functional independence and life. Clinical trials and meta-analyses have identified the association between PNDs and increased perioperative levels of Interleukin-6 (IL-6), a pleiotropic cytokine that is both necessary and sufficient for postoperative memory decline in a preclinical model of PND. Recently, we reported that, in adult male wild-type mice subjected to tibial fracture under general anesthesia, IL-6 trans-signaling in hippocampal CA1 neurons mediates surgery-induced memory impairment. As there are no therapeutic options for preventing or reversing PNDs, patients and their caregivers, as well as the healthcare industry, endure staggering costs. Olamkicept, a highly selective IL-6 trans-signaling blocker has shown to be efficacious and safe in clinical trials involving patients with inflammatory bowel disease, another condition for which IL-6 trans-signaling is the mediating mechanism. Subject to a demonstration that olamkicept is effective in preventing cognitive impairment in vulnerable (aged and Alzheimer's Disease) preclinical PND models, clinical trials involving aged and/or cognitively impaired surgical patients should be undertaken to study olamkicept's utility for PNDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Odmara L. Barreto Chang
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Mervyn Maze
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, Center for Cerebrovascular Disease, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States,*Correspondence: Mervyn Maze, ✉
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Garbers C, Rose-John S. Dissecting Interleukin-6 Classic and Trans-signaling in Inflammation and Cancer. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2691:207-224. [PMID: 37355548 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3331-1_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a cytokine synthesized by many cells in the human body. IL-6 binds to a membrane-bound receptor (IL-6R), which is only present on hepatocytes, some epithelial cells, and some leukocytes. The complex of IL-6 and IL-6R binds to the ubiquitously expressed receptor subunit gp130, which forms a homodimer and thereby initiates intracellular signaling, e.g., the JAK/STAT and MAPK pathways. Proteases can cleave the membrane-bound IL-6R from the cell surface and generate a soluble IL-6R (sIL-6R), which retains its ability to bind IL-6. The IL-6/sIL-6R complex associates with gp130 and induces signaling even on cells which do not express the IL-6R. This paradigm has been called IL-6 trans-signaling, whereas signaling via the membrane-bound IL-6R is referred to as classic signaling. We have generated several molecular tools to differentiate between both pathways and to analyze the consequences of cellular IL-6 signaling in vivo. One of these tools is soluble gp130Fc, which selectively inhibits IL-6 trans-signaling. This protein under the WHO name Olamkicept has successfully undergone phase II clinical trials in patients with autoimmune diseases. Here, in this chapter, we describe several molecular tools to differentiate between IL-6 classic and trans-signaling and to analyze the consequences of cellular IL-6 signaling in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Garbers
- Medical Faculty, Department of Pathology, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.
- Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology and Inflammation (GC:I3), Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany.
- Center for Health and Medical Prevention (CHaMP), Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany.
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Sharma S. Interleukin-6 Trans-signaling: A Pathway With Therapeutic Potential for Diabetic Retinopathy. Front Physiol 2021; 12:689429. [PMID: 34093244 PMCID: PMC8170152 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.689429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shruti Sharma
- Center for Biotechnology & Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States.,Department of Ophthalmology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States.,Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
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Robinson R, Brown D, Churchwell L, Lee TJ, Kodeboyina SK, Bloom J, Sharma A, Sharma S. RNA-Seq analysis reveals gene expression changes induced by IL-6 trans-signaling activation in retinal endothelial cells. Cytokine 2021; 139:155375. [PMID: 33383381 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2020.155375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing evidence suggests that interleukin-6 (IL-6) trans-signaling plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy (DR). We have previously shown that activation of IL-6 trans-signaling induces barrier dysfunction in human retinal endothelial cells (HRECs). However, the molecular mechanisms underlying these effects are not clear. The purpose of this study was to discover global gene expression changes in HRECs following activation of IL-6 trans-signaling. METHODS HRECs were treated with IL-6 and soluble IL-6R to activate IL-6 trans-signaling, and sgp130Fc treatment was used for IL-6 trans-signaling inhibition. RNA-Seq analyses were performed for global gene expression profiling. Differential expression was determined using DESeq2, and bioinformatic analyses were performed to associate the differentially expressed genes with biological functions and pathways. RESULTS Our analyses revealed 445 differentially expressed genes (318 upregulated and 127 downregulated) in HRECs after IL-6 trans-signaling activation. We identified several novel genes not previously associated with IL-6 signaling or endothelial dysfunction. Leukocyte adhesion, diapedesis and chemokine signaling pathways are highly enriched in differentially expressed genes. Inhibition of IL-6 trans-signaling with sgp130Fc abrogated these changes, thus highlighting the therapeutic potential of this drug. CONCLUSIONS This study identified significant gene expression changes caused by IL-6 trans-signaling activation in HRECs. Identification of such changes has the potential to uncover the precise molecular mechanisms of IL-6 trans-signaling mediated effects in the pathology of DR.
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Escrig A, Molinero A, Méndez B, Giralt M, Comes G, Sanchis P, Fernández-Gayol O, Giménez-Llort L, Becker-Pauly C, Rose-John S, Hidalgo J. IL-6 Trans-Signaling in the Brain Influences the Metabolic Phenotype of the 3xTg-AD Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Cells 2020; 9:E1605. [PMID: 32630818 DOI: 10.3390/cells9071605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that causes the most prevalent dementia in the elderly people. Obesity and insulin resistance, which may cause major health problems per se, are risk factors for AD, and cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) have a role in these conditions. IL-6 can signal either through a membrane receptor or by trans-signaling, which can be inhibited by the soluble form of the co-receptor gp130 (sgp130). We have addressed the possibility that blocking IL-6 trans-signaling in the brain could have an effect in the triple transgenic 3xTg-AD mouse model of AD and/or in obesity progression, by crossing 3xTg-AD mice with GFAP-sgp130Fc mice. To serve as control groups, GFAP-sgp130Fc mice were also crossed with C57BL/6JOlaHsd mice. Seventeen-month-old mice were fed a control diet (18% kcal from fat) and a high-fat diet (HFD; 58.4% kcal from fat). In our experimental conditions, the 3xTg-AD model showed a mild amyloid phenotype, which nevertheless altered the control of body weight and related endocrine and metabolic factors, suggestive of a hypermetabolic state. The inhibition of IL-6 trans-signaling modulated some of these traits in both 3xTg-AD and control mice, particularly during HFD, and in a sex-dependent manner. These experiments provide evidence of IL-6 trans-signaling playing a role in the CNS of a mouse model of AD.
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Szabo A, Akkouh IA, Ueland T, Lagerberg TV, Dieset I, Bjella T, Aukrust P, Le Hellard S, Stavrum AK, Melle I, Andreassen OA, Djurovic S. Cannabis Use Is Associated With Increased Levels of Soluble gp130 in Schizophrenia but Not in Bipolar Disorder. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:642. [PMID: 32714224 PMCID: PMC7343889 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The complex effects of plant cannabinoids on human physiology is not yet fully understood, but include a wide spectrum of effects on immune modulation. The immune system and its inflammatory effector pathways are recently emerging as possible causative factors in psychotic disorders. The present study aimed to investigate whether self-administered Cannabis use was associated with changes in circulating immune and neuroendocrine markers in schizophrenia (SCZ) and bipolar disorder (BD) patients. A screening of 13 plasma markers reflecting different inflammatory pathways was performed in SCZ (n = 401) and BD patients (n = 242) after subdividing each group into Cannabis user and non-user subgroups. We found that i) soluble gp130 (sgp130) concentrations were significantly elevated among Cannabis users in the SCZ group (p = 0.002) after multiple testing correction, but not in BD. ii) Nominally significant differences were observed in the levels of IL-1RA (p = 0.0059), YKL40 (p = 0.0069), CatS (p = 0.013), sTNFR1 (p = 0.031), and BDNF (p = 0.020), where these factors exhibited higher plasma levels in Cannabis user SCZ patients than in non-users. iii) These differences in systemic levels were not reflected by altered mRNA expression of genes encoding sgp130, IL-1RA, YKL40, CatS, sTNFR1, and BDNF in whole blood. Our results show that Cannabis self-administration is associated with markedly higher sgp130 levels in SCZ, but not in BD, and that this phenomenon is independent of the modulation of peripheral immune cells. These findings warrant further investigation into the potential IL-6 trans-signaling modulatory, anti-inflammatory, neuroimmune, and biobehavioral-cognitive effects of Cannabis use in SCZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attila Szabo
- NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ibrahim A. Akkouh
- NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Thor Ueland
- NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Trine Vik Lagerberg
- NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingrid Dieset
- NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Thomas Bjella
- NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Pål Aukrust
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen Inflammatory Research Center, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen Thrombosis Research and Expertise Center, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Stephanie Le Hellard
- NORMENT, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Anne-Kristin Stavrum
- NORMENT, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ingrid Melle
- NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ole A. Andreassen
- NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Srdjan Djurovic
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- NORMENT, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Magro G. SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19: Is interleukin-6 (IL-6) the 'culprit lesion' of ARDS onset? What is there besides Tocilizumab? SGP130Fc. Cytokine X 2020; 2:100029. [PMID: 32421092 PMCID: PMC7224649 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytox.2020.100029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the outbreak of COVID-19 many studies have been published showing possible therapies, here the author discusses the end of stage disease related drugs, like Tocilizumab which is currently being used in ARDS patients. In some patients, disease progression leads to an enormous secretion of cytokines, known as cytokine storm, among those cytokines IL-6 plays an important role. Here the author shows how IL-6 has both pro and anti-inflammatory properties, depending on the pathway of transduction: soluble (trans-signaling) or membrane-related (classic signaling), and suggests how targeting only the pro-inflammatory pathway, with SGP130Fc, could be a better option then targeting them both. Other possible IL-6 pathway inhibitors such as Ruxolitinib and Baricinitib are then analyzed, underlying how they lack the benefit of targeting only the pro-inflammatory pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Magro
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, Italy
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Robinson R, Srinivasan M, Shanmugam A, Ward A, Ganapathy V, Bloom J, Sharma A, Sharma S. Interleukin-6 trans-signaling inhibition prevents oxidative stress in a mouse model of early diabetic retinopathy. Redox Biol 2020; 34:101574. [PMID: 32422539 PMCID: PMC7231846 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Diabetic retinopathy (DR), a microvascular complication of diabetes, is the leading cause of visual disability and blindness in diabetic patients. Chronic hyperglycemia leads to increased oxidative stress and inflammation in the retina, resulting in microvascular damage. Our recent in vitro studies have demonstrated that inhibition of interleukin-6 (IL-6) trans-signaling significantly reduces oxidative stress in retinal endothelial cells. The purpose of this study was to further explore the relationship between IL-6 trans-signaling and oxidative stress using a streptozotocin (STZ) induced mouse model of early diabetic retinopathy. Methods Diabetes was induced in eight week-old male C57BL/6J mice using STZ injections. sgp130Fc (mouse sgp130Fc protein) treatment was used for inhibition of IL-6 trans-signaling. Studies were conducted to evaluate the effects of IL-6 trans-signaling on oxidative balance at the systemic and retinal level. Results Decreased antioxidant capacity and increased oxidative stress was observed in diabetic mice, which returned to near-normal levels with sgp130Fc treatment. Similarly, superoxide levels, lipid peroxidation, and markers of oxidative DNA damage were increased in the diabetic retina, and these effects were abrogated by sgp130Fc treatment. Inhibition of IL-6 trans-signaling also restored normal expression of catalase and endothelial nitric oxide synthase in mouse retinas. Conclusions Inhibition of IL-6 trans-signaling significantly reduces diabetes-induced oxidative damage at the systemic level and in the retina. These findings provide further evidence for the role of IL-6 trans-signaling in diabetes-mediated oxidative stress. Decreased antioxidant capacity and increased oxidative stress in mice with DR. Inhibition of L-6 trans-signaling restores catalase and eNOS in the retina. Inhibition of IL-6 trans-signaling reduces retinal oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebekah Robinson
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Mukund Srinivasan
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Arul Shanmugam
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Alexander Ward
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Veena Ganapathy
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Justin Bloom
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Ashok Sharma
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA; Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA; Department of Population Health Sciences, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Shruti Sharma
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA; Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.
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15
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Escrig A, Canal C, Sanchis P, Fernández-Gayol O, Montilla A, Comes G, Molinero A, Giralt M, Giménez-Llort L, Becker-Pauly C, Rose-John S, Hidalgo J. IL-6 trans-signaling in the brain influences the behavioral and physio-pathological phenotype of the Tg2576 and 3xTgAD mouse models of Alzheimer's disease. Brain Behav Immun 2019; 82:145-159. [PMID: 31401302 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2019.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most commonly diagnosed dementia but its underlying pathological mechanisms still unclear. Neuroinflammation and secretion of cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) accompany the main hallmarks of the disease: amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. In this study, we analyzed the role of IL-6 trans-signaling in two mouse models of AD, Tg2576 and 3xTg-AD mice. The inhibition of IL-6 trans-signaling partially rescued the AD-induced mortality in females of both models. Before amyloid plaques deposition, it reversed AD-induced changes in exploration and anxiety (but did not affect locomotion) in Tg2576 female mice. However, after plaque deposition the only behavioral trait affected by the inhibition of IL-6 trans-signaling was locomotion. Results in the Morris water maze suggest that cognitive flexibility was reduced by the blocking of the IL-6 trans-signaling in young and old Tg2576 female mice. The inhibition of IL-6 trans-signaling also decreased amyloid plaque burden in cortex and hippocampus, and Aβ40 and Aβ42 levels in the cortex, of Tg2576 female mice. The aforementioned changes might be correlated with changes in blood vessels and matrix structure and organization rather than changes in neuroinflammation. 3xTgAD mice showed a very mild phenotype regarding amyloid cascade, but results were in accordance with those of Tg2576 mice. These results strongly suggest that the inhibition of the IL-6 trans-signaling could represent a powerful therapeutic target in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Escrig
- Institute of Neurosciences and Department of Cellular Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - Carla Canal
- Institute of Neurosciences and Department of Cellular Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - Paula Sanchis
- Institute of Neurosciences and Department of Cellular Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - Olaya Fernández-Gayol
- Institute of Neurosciences and Department of Cellular Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - Alejandro Montilla
- Institute of Neurosciences and Department of Cellular Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - Gemma Comes
- Institute of Neurosciences and Department of Cellular Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - Amalia Molinero
- Institute of Neurosciences and Department of Cellular Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - Mercedes Giralt
- Institute of Neurosciences and Department of Cellular Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - Lydia Giménez-Llort
- Institute of Neurosciences and Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - Christoph Becker-Pauly
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, 24098, Germany
| | - Stefan Rose-John
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, 24098, Germany
| | - Juan Hidalgo
- Institute of Neurosciences and Department of Cellular Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Spain.
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Saad MI, Rose-John S, Jenkins BJ. ADAM17: An Emerging Therapeutic Target for Lung Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1218. [PMID: 31438559 PMCID: PMC6769596 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11091218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality, which histologically is classified into small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). NSCLC accounts for approximately 85% of all lung cancer diagnoses, with the majority of patients presenting with lung adenocarcinoma (LAC). KRAS mutations are a major driver of LAC, and are closely related to cigarette smoking, unlike mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) which arise in never-smokers. Although the past two decades have seen fundamental progress in the treatment and diagnosis of NSCLC, NSCLC still is predominantly diagnosed at an advanced stage when therapeutic interventions are mostly palliative. A disintegrin and metalloproteinase 17 (ADAM17), also known as tumour necrosis factor-α (TNFα)-converting enzyme (TACE), is responsible for the protease-driven shedding of more than 70 membrane-tethered cytokines, growth factors and cell surface receptors. Among these, the soluble interleukin-6 receptor (sIL-6R), which drives pro-inflammatory and pro-tumourigenic IL-6 trans-signaling, along with several EGFR family ligands, are the best characterised. This large repertoire of substrates processed by ADAM17 places it as a pivotal orchestrator of a myriad of physiological and pathological processes associated with the initiation and/or progression of cancer, such as cell proliferation, survival, regeneration, differentiation and inflammation. In this review, we discuss recent research implicating ADAM17 as a key player in the development of LAC, and highlight the potential of ADAM17 inhibition as a promising therapeutic strategy to tackle this deadly malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed I Saad
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Stefan Rose-John
- Institute of Biochemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University, D-24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Brendan J Jenkins
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia.
- Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia.
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Chen W, Yuan H, Cao W, Wang T, Chen W, Yu H, Fu Y, Jiang B, Zhou H, Guo H, Zhao X. Blocking interleukin-6 trans-signaling protects against renal fibrosis by suppressing STAT3 activation. Am J Cancer Res 2019; 9:3980-3991. [PMID: 31281526 PMCID: PMC6592178 DOI: 10.7150/thno.32352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Renal fibrosis is the terminal manifestation of chronic and irreversible renal disease. Effective therapies other than dialysis are extremely limited. In this study, we investigated the potential effects of targeting elevated interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels in the treatment of renal fibrosis. Methods: Fc-gp130 was used to specifically block IL-6 trans-signaling. Unilateral ureteral occlusion (UUO) and ischemia reperfusion (IR) mouse models were constructed to investigate the therapeutic effect of Fc-gp130 on renal fibrosis. The role of IL-6 trans-signaling and phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 3 in regulating fibroblast accumulation and extracellular matrix protein deposition were evaluated in cell experiments and mouse models. Results: The kidneys of mice with UUO were found to have elevated soluble IL-6 receptor (sIL-6R) levels in the progression of fibrosis. Fc-gp130 attenuated renal fibrosis in mice, as evidenced by reductions in tubular atrophy and the production of extracellular matrix protein. Blockade of IL-6 trans-signaling with Fc-gp130 also reduced inflammation levels, immune cell infiltration, and profibrotic cytokines expression in renal tissue, with decreased STAT3 phosphorylation and reduced fibroblast accumulation in the renal tissue. In vitro, Fc-gp130 also reduced the phosphorylation of STAT3 induced by transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 in fibroblasts. Furthermore, the therapeutic effect of Fc-gp130 was confirmed in a model of acute kidney injury-chronic kidney disease. Conclusion: Overall, IL-6 trans-signaling may contribute to crucial events in the development of renal fibrosis, and the targeting of IL-6 trans-signaling by Fc-gp130 may provide a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of renal fibrosis.
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Abstract
Interleukin-6 is a cytokine synthesized by many cells in the human body. IL-6 binds to a membrane bound IL-6R, which is only present on hepatocytes, some epithelial cells and some leukocytes. The complex of IL-6 and IL-6R binds to the ubiquitously expressed receptor subunit gp130, which forms a homodimer and thereby initiates intracellular signaling via the JAK/STAT and the MAPK pathways. IL-6R expressing cells can cleave the receptor protein to generate a soluble IL-6R (sIL-6R), which can still bind IL-6 and can associate with gp130 and induce signaling even on cells, which do not express IL-6R. This paradigm has been called IL-6 trans-signaling whereas signaling via the membrane bound IL-6R is referred to as classic signaling. We have generated several molecular tools to differentiate between IL-6 classic- and trans-signaling and to analyze the consequence of cellular IL-6 signaling in vivo.
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Wittlich M, Dudek M, Böttcher JP, Schanz O, Hegenbarth S, Bopp T, Schmitt E, Kurts C, Garbers C, Rose John S, Knolle PA, Wohlleber D. Liver sinusoidal endothelial cell cross-priming is supported by CD4 T cell-derived IL-2. J Hepatol 2017; 66:978-986. [PMID: 28025060 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2016.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2016] [Revised: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) are prominent liver-resident antigen (cross-)presenting cells. LSEC cross-priming of naïve CD8 T cells does not require CD4 T cell help in contrast to priming by dendritic cells (DC) but leads to the formation of memory T cells that is preceded by transient Granzyme B (GzmB) expression. Here we provide evidence for a so far unrecognized CD4 T helper cell function in LSEC-induced CD8 T cell activation. METHODS Naïve CD8 T cells and differentiated T helper 1 (Th1) cells were stimulated by antigen-presenting LSEC, and GzmB expression in CD8 T cells was determined by flow cytometry. To identify molecular pathways mediating this GzmB expression, mechanistic proof-of-concept experiments were conducted using stimulatory anti-CD3 antibody together with Hyper-IL-6. RESULTS We demonstrate that LSECs simultaneously function in antigen co-presentation to CD8 and CD4 T cells. Such co-presentation revealed a function of Th1 cells to increase GzmB expression in CD8 T cells after LSEC but not DC cross-priming. IL-2 released from Th1 cells was required but not sufficient for rapid GzmB induction in CD8 T cells. T cell receptor together with IL-6 trans-signaling was necessary for IL-2 to mediate rapid GzmB induction. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that LSECs can serve as a platform to facilitate CD4-CD8 T cell crosstalk enhancing the immune function of LSECs to cross-prime CD8 T cells. IL-6 trans-signaling-mediated responsiveness for IL-2 inducing sustained GzmB expression in CD8 T cells reveals unique mechanisms of CD4 T cell help and CD8 T cell differentiation through liver-resident antigen-presenting cells. LAY SUMMARY Our findings demonstrate that LSEC co-present antigen to CD8 and CD4 T cells and thereby enable CD4 T cell help for LSEC-priming of CD8 T cells. This CD4 T cell help selectively enhances the rapid upregulation of GzmB and effector function of LSEC-primed CD8 T cells thereby enhancing functional differentiation towards CD8 effector T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Wittlich
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University Hospital Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael Dudek
- Institute of Molecular Immunology and Experimental Oncology, Klinikum München rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Germany
| | - Jan P Böttcher
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University Hospital Bonn, Germany
| | - Oliver Schanz
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University Hospital Bonn, Germany
| | - Silke Hegenbarth
- Institute of Molecular Immunology and Experimental Oncology, Klinikum München rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Germany
| | - Tobias Bopp
- Institute of Immunology, University Hospital Mainz, Germany
| | - Edgar Schmitt
- Institute of Immunology, University Hospital Mainz, Germany
| | - Christian Kurts
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University Hospital Bonn, Germany
| | | | | | - Percy A Knolle
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University Hospital Bonn, Germany; Institute of Molecular Immunology and Experimental Oncology, Klinikum München rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Germany
| | - Dirk Wohlleber
- Institute of Molecular Immunology and Experimental Oncology, Klinikum München rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Germany.
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Su H, Lei CT, Zhang C. Interleukin-6 Signaling Pathway and Its Role in Kidney Disease: An Update. Front Immunol 2017; 8:405. [PMID: 28484449 PMCID: PMC5399081 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 284] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a pleiotropic cytokine that not only regulates the immune and inflammatory response but also affects hematopoiesis, metabolism, and organ development. IL-6 can simultaneously elicit distinct or even contradictory physiopathological processes, which is likely discriminated by the cascades of signaling pathway, termed classic and trans-signaling. Besides playing several important physiological roles, dysregulated IL-6 has been demonstrated to underlie a number of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, metabolic abnormalities, and malignancies. This review provides an overview of basic concept of IL-6 signaling pathway as well as the interplay between IL-6 and renal-resident cells, including podocytes, mesangial cells, endothelial cells, and tubular epithelial cells. Additionally, we summarize the roles of IL-6 in several renal diseases, such as IgA nephropathy, lupus nephritis, diabetic nephropathy, acute kidney injury, and chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Su
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chun-Tao Lei
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chun Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Uchibori T, Matsuda K, Shimodaira T, Sugano M, Uehara T, Honda T. IL-6 trans-signaling is another pathway to upregulate Osteopontin. Cytokine 2016; 90:88-95. [PMID: 27863335 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2016.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2016] [Revised: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteopontin (OPN) is a pro-fibrotic molecule upregulated by pro-inflammatory cytokines. Interleukin (IL)-6 functions downstream of IL-1β and has unique signal pathways: classic- or trans-signaling via membrane-bound IL-6R or soluble IL-6R (sIL-6R). We investigated the effect of IL-6 trans-signaling on the upregulation of OPN. METHODS We used THP-1 cells and THP-1 macrophages differentiated from THP-1 cells using phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA). After IL-1β stimulation, expression of OPN, IL-6, sIL-6R, and a disintegrin and metalloproteinase 17 (ADAM17) was examined by ELISA and quantitative PCR. The effects of anti-human IL-6 neutralizing antibody, soluble gp130 (sgp130, IL-6 trans-signaling-specific inhibitor), TAPI-1 (ADAM inhibitor) and siRNA against IL-6R or ADAM17 on OPN expression were evaluated. RESULTS IL-1β increased OPN and induced IL-6 in THP-1 macrophages. Anti-IL-6 neutralizing antibody and siRNA against IL-6R inhibited OPN upregulation induced by IL-1β. TAPI-1 significantly inhibited the increase in sIL-6R induced by IL-1β. Treatment with sgp130 attenuated OPN elevation by IL-1β, whereas sgp130 did not change OPN levels in THP-1 macrophages without IL-1β stimulation. ADAM17 was expressed in THP-1 macrophages and THP-1 cells and IL-1β stimulation significantly increased ADAM17 expression, regardless of PMA treatment. TAPI-1 and siRNA against ADAM17 significantly inhibited OPN increased by IL-1β. CONCLUSIONS IL-6 and sIL-6R induced by IL-1β may trigger IL-6 trans-signaling, contributing to the upregulation of OPN in THP-1 macrophages. Macrophages may be used as a source of IL-6 and sIL-6R and evoke IL-6 trans-signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaaki Uchibori
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shinshu University Hospital, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Matsuda
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shinshu University Hospital, Matsumoto, Japan.
| | - Takahiro Shimodaira
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shinshu University Hospital, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Mitsutoshi Sugano
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shinshu University Hospital, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Takeshi Uehara
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shinshu University Hospital, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Takayuki Honda
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shinshu University Hospital, Matsumoto, Japan
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Oyanedel CN, Kelemen E, Scheller J, Born J, Rose-John S. Peripheral and central blockade of interleukin-6 trans-signaling differentially affects sleep architecture. Brain Behav Immun 2015; 50:178-85. [PMID: 26144889 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2015.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Revised: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune system is known to essentially contribute to the regulation of sleep. Whereas research in this regard focused on the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor, the role of interleukin-6 (IL-6) in sleep regulation has been less intensely studied, probably due to the so far seemingly ambiguous results. Yet, this picture might simply reflect that the effects of IL-6 are conveyed via two different pathways (with possibly different actions), i.e., in addition to the 'classical' signaling pathway via the membrane bound IL-6 receptor (IL-6R), IL-6 stimulates cells through the alternative 'trans-signaling' pathway via the soluble IL-6R. Here, we concentrated on the contributions of the trans-signaling pathway to sleep regulation. To characterize this contribution, we compared the effect of blocking IL-6 trans-signaling (by the soluble gp130Fc fusion protein) in the brain versus body periphery. Thus, we compared sleep in transgenic mice expressing the soluble gp130Fc protein only in the brain (GFAP mice) or in the body periphery (PEPCK mice), and in wild type mice (WT) during a 24-h period of undisturbed conditions and during 18 h following a 6-h period of sleep deprivation. Compared with WT mice, PEPCK mice displayed less sleep, particularly during the late light phase, and this was accompanied by decreases in slow wave sleep (SWS) and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. Following sleep deprivation PEPCK mice primarily recovered REM sleep rather than SWS. GFAP mice showed a slight decrease in REM sleep in combination with a profound and persistent increase in EEG theta activity. In conclusion, peripheral and central nervous IL-6 trans-signaling differentially influences brain activity. Peripheral IL-6 trans-signaling appears to more profoundly contribute to sleep regulation, mainly by supporting SWS.
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Jasiewicz M, Knapp M, Waszkiewicz E, Ptaszynska-Kopczynska K, Szpakowicz A, Sobkowicz B, Musial WJ, Kaminski KA. Enhanced IL-6 trans-signaling in pulmonary arterial hypertension and its potential role in disease-related systemic damage. Cytokine 2015; 76:187-192. [PMID: 26163998 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2015.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Revised: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of IL-6 in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) has been reported but the prevalence of soluble receptors for IL-6: sIL-6R and sgp130 and its potential role in PAH have not been studied.Our aim was to examine the IL-6 together with the soluble receptors and to assess its relationship with clinical status of PAH patients as well as to assess its potential prognostic significance. METHODS Serum concentrations of IL-6, sIL-6R and sgp130 were quantified by ELISA in 26 patients with PAH and 27 healthy controls and related to functional and biochemical parameters and clinical outcome in PAH group. The PAH patients were followed up for 1 year, noting the end point of clinical deterioration (WHO class change, the need for escalation of therapy) or death. RESULTS The PAH group was characterized by higher median serum IL-6 [2.38 (IQR 1.56-3.75) vs 0.87 (0.63-1.3) pg/ml, p=0.000003] and sIL-6R concentrations [69.7 (IQR 60.4-84.4 vs 45.7 (34.6-70.3) ng/ml, p=0.0036] compared to control subjects. Both groups did not differ in sgp130 concentrations. There were significant correlations in PAH group between IL-6 levels and uric acid, parameters of ventilatory efficiency in cardiopulmonary exercise testing: VE/VO2, VE/VCO2, VE/VCO2 slope and peak PetCO2. sIL-6R levels inversely correlated with LDL cholesterol. After 1 year the clinical deterioration occurred in 11 patients, 15 remained stable. Patients in whom the clinical deterioration occurred showed significantly higher baseline concentrations of IL-6 [3.25 (IQR 2.46-5.4) pg/ml vs 1.68 (1.38-2.78) pg/ml, p=0.004], but not sIL-6R. Median IL-6 ⩾ 2.3 pg/ml (91% sensitivity, 73% specificity) identified subjects with worse clinical course. In the univariate analysis, higher IL-6 level at baseline was associated with increased risk and earlier occurrence of clinical deterioration (HR 1.42, 95%CI 1.08-1.85, p=0.015). CONCLUSIONS IL-6 trans-signaling is enhanced in PAH. Elevated concentration of sIL-6R suggests its potential unfavorable role in systemic amplification of IL-6 signaling in PAH. Levels of IL-6 are associated with clinical indicators of disease severity as well as indirectly with systemic metabolic alterations. IL-6 shows prognostic value regarding predicting clinical deterioration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Jasiewicz
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Bialystok, ul. M. Sklodowskiej-Curie 24 A, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Malgorzata Knapp
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Bialystok, ul. M. Sklodowskiej-Curie 24 A, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Ewa Waszkiewicz
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Bialystok, ul. M. Sklodowskiej-Curie 24 A, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland.
| | | | - Anna Szpakowicz
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Bialystok, ul. M. Sklodowskiej-Curie 24 A, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Bozena Sobkowicz
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Bialystok, ul. M. Sklodowskiej-Curie 24 A, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Wlodzimierz Jerzy Musial
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Bialystok, ul. M. Sklodowskiej-Curie 24 A, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Karol Adam Kaminski
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Bialystok, ul. M. Sklodowskiej-Curie 24 A, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland.
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Robinson MB, Deshpande DA, Chou J, Cui W, Smith S, Langefeld C, Hastie AT, Bleecker ER, Hawkins GA. IL-6 trans-signaling increases expression of airways disease genes in airway smooth muscle. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2015; 309:L129-38. [PMID: 26001777 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00288.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic data suggest that IL-6 trans-signaling may have a pathogenic role in the lung; however, the effects of IL-6 trans-signaling on lung effector cells have not been investigated. In this study, human airway smooth muscle (HASM) cells were treated with IL-6 (classical) or IL-6+sIL6R (trans-signaling) for 24 h and gene expression was measured by RNAseq. Intracellular signaling and transcription factor activation were assessed by Western blotting and luciferase assay, respectively. The functional effect of IL-6 trans-signaling was determined by proliferation assay. IL-6 trans-signaling had no effect on phosphoinositide-3 kinase and Erk MAP kinase pathways in HASM cells. Both classical and IL-6 trans-signaling in HASM involves activation of Stat3. However, the kinetics of Stat3 phosphorylation by IL-6 trans-signaling was different than classical IL-6 signaling. This was further reflected in the differential gene expression profile by IL-6 trans-signaling in HASM cells. Under IL-6 trans-signaling conditions 36 genes were upregulated, including PLA2G2A, IL13RA1, MUC1, and SOD2. Four genes, including CCL11, were downregulated at least twofold. The expression of 112 genes was divergent between IL-6 classical and trans-signaling, including the genes HILPDA, NNMT, DAB2, MUC1, WWC1, and VEGFA. Pathway analysis revealed that IL-6 trans-signaling induced expression of genes involved in regulation of airway remodeling, immune response, hypoxia, and glucose metabolism. Treatment of HASM cells with IL-6+sIL6R induced proliferation in a dose-dependent fashion, suggesting a role for IL-6 trans-signaling in asthma pathogenesis. These novel findings demonstrate differential effect of IL-6 trans-signaling on airway cells and identify IL-6 trans-signaling as a potential modifier of airway inflammation and remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mac B Robinson
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Winston-Salem, North Carolina; Wake Forest School of Medicine, Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Deepak A Deshpande
- Center for Translational Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and
| | - Jeffery Chou
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Center for Public Health Genomics, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Wei Cui
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Shelly Smith
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Carl Langefeld
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Center for Public Health Genomics, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Annette T Hastie
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Eugene R Bleecker
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Gregory A Hawkins
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Winston-Salem, North Carolina;
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Li SQ, Zhu S, Han HM, Lu HJ, Meng HY. IL-6 trans-signaling plays important protective roles in acute liver injury induced by acetaminophen in mice. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2015; 29:288-97. [PMID: 25914167 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.21708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Revised: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Our study was undertaken to evaluate the important role of interleukin-6 (IL-6) trans-signaling in acetaminophen (AAP)-induced liver injury. A soluble gp130 protein (sgp130Fc) exclusively inhibits IL-6 trans-signaling, whereas an IL-6/soluble IL-6 receptor (sIL-6R) fusion protein (hyper-IL-6) mimics IL-6 trans-signaling. Using these tools, we investigated the role of IL-6 trans-signaling in AAP-induced liver injury. Blockade of IL-6 trans-signaling during AAP-induced liver injury remarkably increased the levels of serum aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase; lowered the level of serum sIL-6R; aggravated liver injury; inhibited the expression of phosphorylation of STAT3 (pSTAT3), proliferating cell nuclear antigen, vascular endothelial growth factor, and glycogen synthesis; and induced the expression of Caspase3, cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1), and hepatocyte apoptosis in the liver of mice. In summary, our study suggested that IL-6 trans-signaling plays important protective roles by regulating the hepatocyte proliferation and apoptosis, angiogenesis, CYP2E1 expression, and glycogen metabolism during AAP-induced liver injury in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- San-Qiang Li
- The Molecular Medicine Key Laboratory of Liver Injury and Repair, Medical College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, People's Republic of China.
| | - Sha Zhu
- Department of Microbiology Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 45001, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Mei Han
- The Molecular Medicine Key Laboratory of Liver Injury and Repair, Medical College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua-Jie Lu
- The Molecular Medicine Key Laboratory of Liver Injury and Repair, Medical College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Ye Meng
- The Molecular Medicine Key Laboratory of Liver Injury and Repair, Medical College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, People's Republic of China
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Abstract
Within the tumor microenvironment, IL-6 signaling is generally considered a malevolent player, assuming a dark visage that promotes tumor progression. Chronic IL-6 signaling is linked to tumorigenesis in numerous mouse models as well as in human disease. IL-6 acts intrinsically on tumor cells through numerous downstream mediators to support cancer cell proliferation, survival, and metastatic dissemination. Moreover, IL-6 can act extrinsically on other cells within the complex tumor microenvironment to sustain a pro-tumor milieu by supporting angiogenesis and tumor evasion of immune surveillance. A lesser known role for IL-6 signaling has recently emerged in which it plays a beneficial role, presenting a fairer face that opposes tumor growth by mobilizing anti-tumor T cell immune responses to attain tumor control. Accumulating evidence establishes IL-6 as a key player in the activation, proliferation and survival of lymphocytes during active immune responses. IL-6 signaling can also resculpt the T cell immune response, shifting it from a suppressive to a responsive state that can effectively act against tumors. Finally, IL-6 plays an indispensable role in boosting T cell trafficking to lymph nodes and to tumor sites, where they have the opportunity to become activated and execute their cytotoxic effector functions, respectively. Here, we discuss the dual faces of IL-6 signaling in the tumor microenvironment; the dark face that drives malignancy, and the fairer aspect that promotes anti-tumor adaptive immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel T Fisher
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | | | - Sharon S Evans
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, United States.
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27
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Lesina M, Wörmann SM, Neuhöfer P, Song L, Algül H. Interleukin-6 in inflammatory and malignant diseases of the pancreas. Semin Immunol 2014; 26:80-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2014.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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