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Serumula W, Nkambule B, Parboosing R. Novel Aptamers for the Reactivation of Latent HIV. Curr HIV Res 2023; 21:279-289. [PMID: 37881079 DOI: 10.2174/011570162x248488230926045852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A "Shock and Kill" strategy has been proposed to eradicate the HIV latent viral reservoir. Effective Latency Reversal Agents (LRA) are a key requirement for this strategy. The search for LRAs with a novel mechanism of action is ongoing. This is the first study to propose aptamers for the reactivation of HIV. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to identify an aptamer that potentially reactivates HIV via the NF-κβ pathway, specifically by binding to IkB and releasing NF-κβ. METHODS Aptamer selection was performed at Aptus Biotech (www.aptusbiotech.es), using ikB human recombinant protein with His tag bound to Ni-NTA agarose resin using the SELEX procedure. Activation of NF-κβ was measured by SEAP Assay. HIV reactivation was measured in JLat cells using a BD FACS-Canto™ II flow cytometer. All flow cytometry data were analyzed using Kaluza analyzing software. RESULTS Clones that had equivalent or greater activation than the positive control in the SEAP assay were regarded as potential reactivators of the NF-κβ pathway and were sequenced. The three ikb clones namely R6-1F, R6-2F, and R6-3F were found to potentially activate the NF-κβ pathway. Toxicity was determined by exposing lymphocytes to serial dilutions of the aptamers; the highest concentration of the aptamers that did not decrease viability by > 20% was used for the reactivation experiments. The three novel aptamers R6-1F, R6-2F, and R6-3F resulted in 4,07%, 6,72% and 3,42% HIV reactivation, respectively, while the untreated control showed minimal (<0.18%) fluorescence detection. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated the reactivation of latent HIV by aptamers that act via the NF-κβ pathway. Although the effect was modest and unlikely to be of clinical benefit, future studies are warranted to explore ways of enhancing reactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Serumula
- Department of Virology, National Health Laboratory Service/University of KwaZulu-Natal, c/o Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital, 5th Floor Laboratory Building, 800 Bellair Road, Mayville, Durban4091, South Africa
| | - Bongani Nkambule
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences (SLMMS), College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Raveen Parboosing
- National Health Laboratory Service/University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Shah N. Proteomics identify nuclear export as a targetable pathway in neuroblastoma: Comment on "XPO1 inhibition with selinexor synergizes with proteasome inhibition in neuroblastoma by targeting nuclear export of IκB". Transl Oncol 2021; 14:101150. [PMID: 34107420 PMCID: PMC8187248 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2021.101150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NBL) is an embryonal malignancy of childhood with poor outcomes for patient with high-risk disease. Multimodal treatment approaches have improved outcomes but at the cost of significant toxicity, and there is no durable therapeutic approach for relapsed disease. As NBL has no singular oncogenic driver, targeted therapeutic options have been limited. Galinski et al report the results of a proteomic screen of neuroblastomas and identify the nuclear export protein XPO1 as a protein that is preferentially expressed and located in neuroblast nuclei. XPO1 overexpression is associated with nuclear export of IκB and increased NF-κB activity, both of which can be abrogated in NBL cell lines with the XPO1 inhibitor Selinexor with or without the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib. This work highlights new strategies for therapeutic target identification and the novel identification of nuclear export as a targetable oncogenic pathway across malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilay Shah
- Nationwide Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatric Hematology Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplants: Nationwide Children's Hospital Hematology Oncology & Blood and Marrow Transplant, USA
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Galinski B, Luxemburg M, Landesman Y, Pawel B, Johnson KJ, Master SR, Freeman KW, Loeb DM, Hébert JM, Weiser DA. XPO1 inhibition with selinexor synergizes with proteasome inhibition in neuroblastoma by targeting nuclear export of IkB. Transl Oncol 2021; 14:101114. [PMID: 33975179 PMCID: PMC8131731 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2021.101114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
XPO1 is overabundant in high-risk neuroblastoma and correlates with poor survival. Neuroblastoma cells are sensitive to XPO1 inhibition with selinexor. Use of selinexor results in nuclear retention of IkB, diminishing NF-kB activity. Selinexor and bortezomib act synergistically through promotion of apoptosis. Synergy is mediated in part, through IkB regulation of NF-kB activity.
Across many cancer types in adults, upregulation of the nuclear-to-cytoplasmic transport protein Exportin-1 (XPO1) correlates with poor outcome and responsiveness to selinexor, an FDA-approved XPO1 inhibitor. Similar data are emerging in childhood cancers, for which selinexor is being evaluated in early phase clinical studies. Using proteomic profiling of primary tumor material from patients with high-risk neuroblastoma, as well as gene expression profiling from independent cohorts, we have demonstrated that XPO1 overexpression correlates with poor patient prognosis. Neuroblastoma cell lines are also sensitive to selinexor in the low nanomolar range. Based on these findings and knowledge that bortezomib, a proteasome inhibitor, blocks degradation of XPO1 cargo proteins, we hypothesized that combination treatment with selinexor and bortezomib would synergistically inhibit neuroblastoma cellular proliferation. We observed that selinexor promoted nuclear retention of IkB and that bortezomib augmented the ability of selinexor to induce cell-cycle arrest and cell death by apoptosis. This synergy was abrogated through siRNA knockdown of IkB. The synergistic effect of combining selinexor and bortezomib in vitro provides rationale for further investigation of this combination treatment for patients with high-risk neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basia Galinski
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue Ullmann 813 Bronx, NY 10461, United States.
| | - Marcus Luxemburg
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue Ullmann 813 Bronx, NY 10461, United States
| | | | - Bruce Pawel
- Clinical Pathology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, United States
| | - Katherine J Johnson
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Stephen R Master
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Kevin W Freeman
- Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, United States
| | - David M Loeb
- Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, United States
| | - Jean M Hébert
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue Ullmann 813 Bronx, NY 10461, United States; Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, United States
| | - Daniel A Weiser
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue Ullmann 813 Bronx, NY 10461, United States; Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, United States
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Latour A, Gu Y, Kassis N, Daubigney F, Colin C, Gausserès B, Middendorp S, Paul JL, Hindié V, Rain JC, Delabar JM, Yu E, Arbones M, Mallat M, Janel N. LPS-Induced Inflammation Abolishes the Effect of DYRK1A on IkB Stability in the Brain of Mice. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 56:963-975. [PMID: 29850989 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1113-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Down syndrome is characterized by premature aging and dementia with neurological features that mimic those found in Alzheimer's disease. This pathology in Down syndrome could be related to inflammation, which plays a role in other neurodegenerative diseases. We previously found a link between the NFkB pathway, long considered a prototypical proinflammatory signaling pathway, and the dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A (DYRK1A). DYRK1A is associated with early onset of Alzheimer's disease in Down syndrome patients. Here, we sought to determine the role of DYRK1A on regulation of the NFkB pathway in the mouse brain. We found that over-expression of Dyrk1A (on a C57BL/6J background) stabilizes IκBα protein levels by inhibition of calpain activity and increases cytoplasmic p65 sequestration in the mouse brain. In contrast, Dyrk1A-deficient mice (on a CD1 background) have decreased IκBα protein levels with an increased calpain activity and decreased cytoplasmic p65 sequestration in the brain. Taken together, our results demonstrate a role of DYRK1A in regulation of the NFkB pathway. However, decreased IκBα and DYRK1A protein levels associated with an increased calpain activity were found in the brains of mice over-expressing Dyrk1A after lipopolysaccharide treatment. Although inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide treatment has a positive effect on calpastatin and a negative effect on DYRK1A protein level, a positive effect on microglial activation is maintained in the brains of mice over-expressing Dyrk1A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alizée Latour
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative (BFA), Université Paris Diderot, UMR 8251, 75205, Paris, France
| | - Yuchen Gu
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative (BFA), Université Paris Diderot, UMR 8251, 75205, Paris, France
| | - Nadim Kassis
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative (BFA), Université Paris Diderot, UMR 8251, 75205, Paris, France
| | - Fabrice Daubigney
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative (BFA), Université Paris Diderot, UMR 8251, 75205, Paris, France
| | - Catherine Colin
- Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Paris, France
| | - Blandine Gausserès
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative (BFA), Université Paris Diderot, UMR 8251, 75205, Paris, France
| | - Sandrine Middendorp
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative (BFA), Université Paris Diderot, UMR 8251, 75205, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Louis Paul
- AP-HP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Service de Biochimie, 75015, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Jean-Maurice Delabar
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative (BFA), Université Paris Diderot, UMR 8251, 75205, Paris, France
| | - Eugene Yu
- Children's Guild Foundation Down Syndrome Research Program, Department of Cancer Genetics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Mariona Arbones
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Biologia Molecular de Barcelona (IBMB), 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Michel Mallat
- Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Janel
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative (BFA), Université Paris Diderot, UMR 8251, 75205, Paris, France.
- Laboratoire BFA, Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7, Case 7104, 3 rue Marie-Andrée Lagroua Weill Hallé, 75205, Paris Cedex 13, France.
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Abstract
The redox-inert transition metal Zn is a micronutrient that plays essential roles in protein structure, catalysis, and regulation of function. Inhalational exposure to ZnO or to soluble Zn salts in occupational and environmental settings leads to adverse health effects, the severity of which appears dependent on the flux of Zn(2+) presented to the airway and alveolar cells. The cellular toxicity of exogenous Zn(2+) exposure is characterized by cellular responses that include mitochondrial dysfunction, elevated production of reactive oxygen species, and loss of signaling quiescence leading to cell death and increased expression of adaptive and inflammatory genes. Central to the molecular effects of Zn(2+) are its interactions with cysteinyl thiols, which alters their functionality by modulating their reactivity and participation in redox reactions. Ongoing studies aimed at elucidating the molecular toxicology of Zn(2+) in the lung are contributing valuable information about its role in redox biology and cellular homeostasis in normal and pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Wu
- School of Public Health XinXiang Medical University XinXiang, China 453003; Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma and Lung Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Philip A Bromberg
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma and Lung Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - James M Samet
- Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. EPA, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA.
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