1
|
Qian L, Ruan Y, Gong X, Yu Z, Lin S, Li X, Shen Y, Luo H, Si Z, Liu Y. The neuroprotective effect of LCZ696 on methamphetamine-induced cognitive impairment in mice. Neurosci Lett 2024; 823:137630. [PMID: 38215873 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2024.137630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Methamphetamine (METH) exposure commonly causes cognitive impairment. An angiotensin II receptor/neprilysin inhibitor (ARNI), LCZ696 has been demonstrated to inhibit inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis. The present study was designed to examine the effect of LCZ696 on METH-induced cognitive impairment and the underlying mechanism. METHODS Following daily treatment of either saline or METH (5 mg/kg) for 5 consecutive days, the cognitive function was tested using the Y-maze and the Novel Object Recognition (NOR) in Experiment 1. In Experiment 2, mice were initially treated with saline or LCZ696 (60 mg/kg) for 9 consecutive days, followed by LCZ696, METH or saline for 5 days. Cognitive testing was carried out as Experiment 1. In Experiment 3, SH-SY5Y cells were treated with either METH (2.5 Mm) or ddH2O for 12 h. The apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) level of SH-SY5Y were examined. In Experiment 4, SH-SY5Y cells were pretreated with either ddH2O or LCZ696 (70um) for 30 min, followed by ddH2O or METH treatment for 12 h. Nrf2 and HO-1 protein expression was examined in the ventral tegemental area (VTA) of all the animals and SH-SY5Y cells. RESULTS LCZ696 significantly improved METH-induced cognitive impairment, in conjunction with decreased apoptosis and ROS levels in VTA of METH-treated mice and SH-SY5Y cells. METH significantly decreased Nrf2 and HO-1 protein expression in VTA of mice and SH-SY5Y cells, which was reversed by LCZ696 treatment. CONCLUSION LCZ696 yields a neuroprotective effect against METH-induced cognitive dysfunction via the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liyin Qian
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315021, China
| | - Yuer Ruan
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Teacher Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315021, China
| | - Xinshuang Gong
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315021, China
| | - Zhaoying Yu
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Teacher Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315021, China
| | - Shujun Lin
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Teacher Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315021, China
| | - Xiaofang Li
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Teacher Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315021, China
| | - Yao Shen
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315021, China
| | - Hu Luo
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Teacher Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315021, China
| | - Zizhen Si
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315021, China
| | - Yu Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315021, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chiu HW, Wu CH, Lin WY, Wong WT, Tsai WC, Hsu HT, Ho CL, Cheng SM, Cheng CC, Yang SP, Li LH, Hua KF. The Angiotensin II Receptor Neprilysin Inhibitor LCZ696 Inhibits the NLRP3 Inflammasome By Reducing Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Macrophages and Alleviates Dextran Sulfate Sodium-induced Colitis in a Mouse Model. Inflammation 2024:10.1007/s10753-023-01939-7. [PMID: 38319541 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-023-01939-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
The intracellular sensor protein complex known as the NACHT, LRR, and PYD domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome plays a crucial role in regulating inflammatory diseases by overseeing the production of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18. Targeting its abnormal activation with drugs holds significant promise for inflammation treatment. This study highlights LCZ696, an angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor, as an effective suppressor of NLRP3 inflammasome activation in macrophages stimulated by ATP, nigericin, and monosodium urate. LCZ696 also reduces caspase-11 and GSDMD activation, lactate dehydrogenase release, propidium iodide uptake, and the extracellular release of NLRP3 and apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (ASC) in ATP-activated macrophages, suggesting a potential mitigation of pyroptosis. Mechanistically, LCZ696 lowers mitochondrial reactive oxygen species and preserves mitochondrial integrity. Importantly, it does not significantly impact NLRP3, proIL-1β, inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase-2 expression, or NF-κB activation in lipopolysaccharide-activated macrophages. LCZ696 partially inhibits the NLRP3 inflammasome through the induction of autophagy. In an in vivo context, LCZ696 alleviates NLRP3-associated colitis in a mouse model by reducing colonic expression of IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α. Collectively, these findings suggest that LCZ696 holds significant promise as a therapeutic agent for ameliorating NLRP3 inflammasome activation in various inflammatory diseases, extending beyond its established use in hypertension and heart failure treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Wen Chiu
- Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, National Ilan University, Ilan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hsien Wu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Yu Lin
- Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, National Ilan University, Ilan, Taiwan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ting Wong
- Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, National Ilan University, Ilan, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Che Tsai
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Ta Hsu
- Division of Neurosurgery, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Buddhist Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Lung Ho
- Division of Wood Cellulose, Taiwan Forestry Research Institute, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Meng Cheng
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chung Cheng
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Ping Yang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lan-Hui Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Linsen, Chinese Medicine and Kunming Branch, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Kuo-Feng Hua
- Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, National Ilan University, Ilan, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mohyeldin RH, Alaaeldin R, Sharata EE, Attya ME, Elhamadany EY, Fathy M. LCZ696 attenuates sepsis-induced liver dysfunction in rats; the role of oxidative stress, apoptosis, and JNK1/2-P38 signaling pathways. Life Sci 2023; 334:122210. [PMID: 37883863 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
AIM Sepsis is a serious inflammatory response to infection with an annual incidence rate of >48 million cases and 11 million fatalities worldwide. Furthermore, sepsis remains the world's fifth-greatest cause of death. For the first time, the current study aims to evaluate the possible hepatoprotective benefits of LCZ696, a combination of an angiotensin receptor blocker (valsartan) and a neprilysin inhibitor prodrug (sacubitril), on cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced sepsis in rats. MAIN METHODS CLP was employed to induce sepsis. Hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and caspase 3 were assessed using ELISA. Serum alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) were also measured. Western blot assay was used to determine the expression of JNK1/2 and P38 proteins. The histology of liver tissues was also examined. KEY FINDINGS CLP resulted in significant elevation of AST, ALT, MDA, IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, and caspase 3 levels, and up-regulation of p/t JNK1/2, and p/t P38 proteins, as compared to the sham group. However, level of GSH, and SOD activity were reduced in CLP group. LCZ696 significantly improved all the previously mentioned biochemical and histological abnormalities better than using valsartan alone. SIGNIFICANCE LCZ696 substantially ameliorated CLP-induced liver damage, compared to valsartan, by reducing proinflammatory mediators, inhibiting the JNK1/2 and P38 signaling pathway, and attenuating apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reham H Mohyeldin
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, Minia 61111, Egypt.
| | - Rania Alaaeldin
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, Minia 61111, Egypt.
| | - Ehab E Sharata
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, Minia 61111, Egypt.
| | - Mina Ezzat Attya
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt.
| | - Eyad Y Elhamadany
- Innovative Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, Minia 61111, Egypt.
| | - Moustafa Fathy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang J, Ma YR, Chang YE, Duo DL, Duan KK, Zhao N, Cui WL, Huan ZL, Wang YF. Preventive effect of LCZ696 on hypoxic pulmonary hypertension in rats via regulating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2023; 82:102229. [PMID: 37355202 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2023.102229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxic pulmonary hypertension (HPH) is a devastating disease worldwide; however, effective therapeutic drugs are lacking. This study investigated the effects and underlying mechanisms of LCZ696 treatment on hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension. Male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were kept in a hypobaric chamber with an oxygen concentration of 5% for 4 weeks. Rats were treated with either LCZ696 (18 mg/kg, 36 mg/kg, and 72 mg/kg) or sildenafil. The mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP), right ventricle hypertrophy index (RVHI), and lung system index were measured. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, Masson staining, and immunofluorescence staining were used for histological analysis. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits were used to determine the concentrations of inflammatory and hypoxia-related factors. Western blotting was used to examine the expression of apoptotic and PI3K/AKT signaling pathway proteins in rat lung tissue. Hypoxia increased mPAP, RVHI, and lung system index and induced pulmonary vascular remodeling, pulmonary arteriomyosis, and pulmonary artery fibrosis. LCZ696 treatment reduced the increase in mPAP, RVHI, and the lung system index and ameliorated the induced pathological changes. Hypoxia upregulated expression of NF-kB, TNF-α, IL-6, HIF-1α, and Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), decreased the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2, and activated the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in lung tissue, and these effects were partially reversed by treatment with LCZ696. These results demonstrated that LCZ696 can ameliorate hypoxia-induced HPH by suppressing apoptosis, inhibiting the inflammatory response, and inhibiting the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. It provides a reference for clinical rational drug use and lays a foundation for the study of HPH therapeutic drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- Qinghai Provincial People 's Hospital Pharmacy Department, XiNing, China
| | - Yan-Rong Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, First Clinical Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ya-E Chang
- Qinghai Provincial People 's Hospital Pharmacy Department, XiNing, China
| | - De-Long Duo
- Qinghai Provincial People 's Hospital Pharmacy Department, XiNing, China
| | - Kun-Kun Duan
- Medical College of Qinghai University, XiNing, China
| | - Ni Zhao
- Qinghai Provincial People 's Hospital Pharmacy Department, XiNing, China
| | - Wen-Li Cui
- Medical College of Qinghai University, XiNing, China
| | - Zhi-Lan Huan
- Medical College of Qinghai University, XiNing, China
| | - Ya-Feng Wang
- Qinghai Provincial People 's Hospital Pharmacy Department, XiNing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Al-Kuraishy HM, Al-Gareeb AI, Elekhnawy E, Batiha GES. Possible role of LCZ696 in atherosclerosis: new inroads and perspective. Mol Cell Biochem 2023:10.1007/s11010-023-04816-x. [PMID: 37526794 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-023-04816-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
LCZ696 blocks both angiotensin receptor type 1 (ATR1) and neprilysin (NEP), which are intricate in the degradation of natriuretic peptides (NPs) and other endogenous peptides. It has been shown NEP inhibitors and LCZ696 could be effectively in the management of atherosclerosis (AS). However, the underlying mechanism of LCZ696 in AS is needed to be clarified entirely. Hence, this review is directed to reconnoiter the mechanistic role of LCZ696 in AS. The anti-inflammatory role of LCZ696 is related to the inhibition of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β)-activated kinase 1 (TAK) and nod-like receptor pyrin 3 receptor (NLRP3) inflammasome. Moreover, LCZ696, via inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress, apoptosis and endothelial dysfunction can attenuate the development and progression of AS. In conclusion, LCZ696 could be effective in the management of AS through modulation of inflammatory and oxidative signaling. Preclinical and clinical studies are recommended in this regard.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hayder M Al-Kuraishy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, AL-Mustansiriyia University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Ali I Al-Gareeb
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, AL-Mustansiriyia University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Engy Elekhnawy
- Pharmaceutical Microbiology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt.
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, 22511, AL Beheira, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Khallaf WAI, Sharata EE, Attya ME, Abo-Youssef AM, Hemeida RAM. LCZ696 (sacubitril/valsartan) mitigates cyclophosphamide-induced premature ovarian failure in rats; the role of TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3/Caspase-1 signaling pathway. Life Sci 2023; 326:121789. [PMID: 37201697 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
AIM Cyclophosphamide (CP) is used to treat a variety of cancers and autoimmune illnesses. CP has been found to frequently cause premature ovarian failure (POF). The study's objective was to assess LCZ696's potential for protection against CP-induced POF in a rat model. MAIN METHODS Rats were randomly assigned into seven groups as follows: control, valsartan (VAL), LCZ696, CP, CP + VAL, CP + LCZ696, and CP + triptorelin (TRI). Ovarian malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), interleukin-18 (IL-18), IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) were assessed using ELISA. Serum anti-mullerian hormone (AMH), estrogen, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and luteinizing hormone (LH) were also measured using ELISA. The expression of NLRP3/Caspase-1/GSDMD C-NT and TLR4/MYD88/NF-B P65 proteins was estimated using western blot assay. The histopathology of the ovaries was also investigated. The estrous cycle, body, and ovarian weights were also monitored. KEY FINDINGS CP treatment significantly elevated levels of MDA, IL-18, IL-1β, TNF-α, FSH, LH, and up-regulated TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3/Caspase-1 proteins, as compared to the control group, however, ovarian follicles count, and levels of GSH, SOD, AMH, and estrogen were reduced with CP administration. All the aforementioned biochemical and histological abnormalities were considerably alleviated by the LCZ696 therapy compared to valsartan alone. SIGNIFICANCE LCZ696 effectively mitigated CP-induced POF, offering promising protection that could be related to its suppression power on NLRP3-induced pyroptosis and TLR4/NF-B P65 pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Waleed A I Khallaf
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt.
| | - Ehab E Sharata
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, Minia 61111, Egypt.
| | - Mina Ezzat Attya
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt.
| | - Amira M Abo-Youssef
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt.
| | - Ramadan A M Hemeida
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, Minia 61111, Egypt; Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut branch, Assiut 71524, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sobiborowicz-Sadowska AM, Kamińska K, Cudnoch-Jędrzejewska A. Neprilysin Inhibition in the Prevention of Anthracycline-Induced Cardiotoxicity. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15010312. [PMID: 36612307 PMCID: PMC9818213 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15010312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity (AIC) poses a clinical challenge in the management of cancer patients. AIC is characterized by myocardial systolic dysfunction and remodeling, caused by cardiomyocyte DNA damage, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, or renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) dysregulation. In the past decade, after positive results of a PARADIGM-HF trial, a new class of drugs, namely angiotensin receptor/neprilysin inhibitors (ARNi), was incorporated into the management of patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. As demonstrated in a variety of preclinical studies of cardiovascular diseases, the cardioprotective effects of ARNi administration are associated with decreased oxidative stress levels, the inhibition of myocardial inflammatory response, protection against mitochondrial damage and endothelial dysfunction, and improvement in the RAAS imbalance. However, data on ARNi's effectiveness in the prevention of AIC remains limited. Several reports of ARNi administration in animal models of AIC have shown promising results, as ARNi prevented ventricular systolic dysfunction and electrocardiographic changes and ameliorated oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and the inflammatory response associated with anthracyclines. There is currently an ongoing PRADAII trial aimed to assess the efficacy of ARNi in patients receiving breast cancer treatment, which is expected to be completed by late 2025.
Collapse
|
8
|
Mohany M, Ahmed MM, Al-Rejaie SS. The Role of NF-κB and Bax/Bcl-2/Caspase-3 Signaling Pathways in the Protective Effects of Sacubitril/Valsartan (Entresto) against HFD/STZ-Induced Diabetic Kidney Disease. Biomedicines 2022; 10:2863. [PMID: 36359384 PMCID: PMC9717728 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10112863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
Abstract
LCZ696 (valsartan/sacubitril) has the potential to slow the progression of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) according to previous reports. However, the renoprotective mechanism underlying LCZ696 remains unknown. This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic potential and underlying mechanism of LCZ696 in DKD in a type 2 diabetic (T2D) rat model. This model was established in this experiment by feeding a high-fat diet (HFD) for six weeks with a single dose of streptozotocin (STZ, 30 mg/kg body weight). Valsartan or LCZ696 was orally administered to T2D animals for eight weeks. HFD/STZ rats showed hyperglycemia, impaired insulin secretion, significant increases in urea, creatinine, cytokines, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), oxidative stress, caspase-3 activity, glomerular and tubular damage, glomerulsclerosis, Bax and caspese-3 expressions along with a significant decline in IL-10, antioxidant markers, and Bcl-2 expression. The administration of LCZ696 to diabetic rats reduced the serum concentrations of glucose, urea, and creatinine. In addition, ELISA results demonstrated that diabetic rats treated with LCZ696 exhibited a reduction in inflammatory (IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6) and an increase in anti-inflammatory (IL-10) cytokine levels. In addition, a notable decrease in NF-κB and caspase-3 activity was observed. At the level of renal tissue homogenate, diabetic animals treated with LCZ696 demonstrated clear restorations in GSH content and other antioxidant enzyme levels, in addition to a significant decrease in TBARS levels. In addition, LCZ696 inhibited the expression of the Bax and cleaved caspase-3 proteins and enhanced the expression of the Bcl-2 protein. Improvements in histopathological changes in kidney tissues confirmed and significantly supported these biochemical findings. In summary, LCZ696 alleviated DKD with possible mechanisms including inhibition of inflammation and apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Salim S. Al-Rejaie
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 55760, Riyadh 1145, Saudi Arabia; (M.M.); (M.M.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Jing X, Hao L, Yuan‐Nan L, Wei‐Ke L, Lu‐Shen J, Jin‐Yan K, Yi‐Lian C, Yi‐Xuan Q, Li‐Sha G, Yue‐Chun L. The protective effect of LCZ696 in coxsackievirus B3-induced acute viral myocarditis mice. ESC Heart Fail 2022; 10:366-376. [PMID: 36245336 PMCID: PMC9871654 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.14194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Acute viral myocarditis (AVMC) is the aetiology of heart failure (HF) with few specific treatments. The improvement of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) is a critical predictor for the prognosis of AVMC. LCZ696 is a drug used in HF to improve LVEF, with a few research on AVMC. In this research, we evaluated the effects and mechanism of LCZ696 in improving LVEF in AVMC. METHODS Eighty 4-week-old male BALB/c mice were randomly divided into four groups of 20: Sham; Sham + LCZ696 (60 mg/kg/d); AVMC; AVMC + LCZ696. The above experiments were repeated by CVB3-infected HL-1 and Mdivi-1 to down-regulated dynamin-related protein 1(Drp1). Adeno-associated virus 9 (AAV9) with enhanced green fluorescent proteins (GFP) was injected to produce Drp1-overexpression mice and set up four groups: AVMC group, AVMC + AAV group, AVMC + LCZ696 group, and AVMC + LCZ696 + AAV group (n = 20 in each group). LVEF was evaluated by echocardiography at a similar heart rate (HR) at d7, Drp1 (p-Drp1), inflammation and apoptosis by histology and Western blot (WB), and mitochondrial by electron microscopy. RESULTS Cardiac function were injured in AVMC that LCZ696 reversed (LVEF, %: Sham: 68.99 ± 9.67; Sham + LCZ696: 71.96 ± 6.20; AVMC: 30.95 ± 6.40*; AVMC + LCZ696: 68.99 ± 9.67*#, *P < 0.05 vs. Sham, #P < 0.05 vs. AVMC). LCZ696 attenuated p-Drp1 expression, inflammation, apoptosis, and mitochondrial fission (p-Drp1/Drp1: Sham: 1; Sham + LCZ696: 1.37 ± 0.22; AVMC: 2.29 ± 0.36*; AVMC+LCZ696: 1.43 ± 0.08*#, *P < 0.05 vs. Sham, #P < 0.05 vs. AVMC). Some of the above results were repeated in CVB3-infected HL-1 cells and Mdivi-1. AAV increased Drp1 expression and mitochondrial fission, inflammatory, and apoptosis. Compared with the AVMC + AAV group, the LVEF increased from 24.44 ± 0.03% to 32.33 ± 0.05% in the AVMC + LCZ696 + AAV group(P < 0.05), p-Drp1/Drp1 decreased from 0.54 ± 0.12 to 0.42 ± 0.09*, and IL-6, c-IL-1β, and c-caspase-3/caspase-3 decreased from 1.07 ± 0.22 to 0.72 ± 0.08*, from 1.03 ± 0.14 to 0.79 ± 0.09*, and from 4.69 ± 0.29 to 0.92 ± 0.13*, respectively (*P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS LCZ696 has a protective effect on AVMC by improving LVEF and reducing inflammation and apoptosis, which may be due to the inhibition of Drp1-mediated mitochondrial fission.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xu Jing
- Department of CardiologySecond Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou325000China
| | - Lian Hao
- Department of CardiologyThe first people's Hospital of WenlingWenlingChina
| | - Lin Yuan‐Nan
- Department of CardiologySecond Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou325000China
| | - Liu Wei‐Ke
- Department of CardiologySecond Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou325000China
| | - Jin Lu‐Shen
- Department of CardiologySecond Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou325000China
| | - Ke Jin‐Yan
- Department of CardiologySecond Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou325000China
| | - Chen Yi‐Lian
- Department of CardiologySecond Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou325000China
| | - Qiu Yi‐Xuan
- Department of CardiologySecond Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou325000China
| | - Ge Li‐Sha
- Department of Pediatric EmergencyThe Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Li Yue‐Chun
- Department of CardiologySecond Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou325000China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhang Y, Yuan M, Suo Y, Yang Q, Shao S, Li Y, Wang Y, Bao Q, Liu T, Li G. Angiotensin Receptor-Neprilysin Inhibitor Attenuates Cardiac Hypertrophy and Improves Diastolic Dysfunction in A Mouse Model of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2022; 49:848-857. [PMID: 35596518 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
LCZ696, an angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor, has shown promising clinical efficacy in patients with heart failure (HF) with reduced ejection fraction. However, its potential effects on heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) are still not fully understood. We evaluated the effect of LCZ696 on HFpEF in transverse aortic constriction mice and compared it with the effect of the angiotensin receptor blocker valsartan. We found that LCZ696 improved cardiac diastolic function by reducing ventricular hypertrophy and fibrosis in mice with overload-induced diastolic dysfunction. In addition, there was superior inhibition of LCZ696 than stand-alone valsartan. As a potential underlying mechanism, we demonstrated that LCZ696 behaves as a potent suppressor of calcium-mediated calcineurin-NFAT signaling transduction pathways. Hence, we demonstrated the protective effects of LCZ696 in overload-induced HFpEF and provided a pharmaceutical therapeutic strategy for related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Yuan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya Suo
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai Shao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiankun Bao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Tong Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangping Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Belali OM, Ahmed MM, Mohany M, Belali TM, Alotaibi MM, Al-Hoshani A, Al-Rejaie SS. LCZ696 Protects against Diabetic Cardiomyopathy-Induced Myocardial Inflammation, ER Stress, and Apoptosis through Inhibiting AGEs/NF-κB and PERK/CHOP Signaling Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:1288. [PMID: 35163209 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study is designed to determine the effect of LCZ696 on DCM in rats and investigate the underlying mechanism involved. Diabetes was induced by feeding rats with a high-fat diet for six weeks following a single injection of STZ (30 mg/kg). Diabetic rats were divided into three groups (n = 10). LCZ696 and valsartan treatment was started two weeks after diabetic induction and continued for eight weeks. At the end of the treatment, serum and cardiac tissues were analyzed by RT-PCR, Western blot, and ELISA kits. LCZ696 and valsartan ameliorated DCM progression by inhibiting AGEs formation at activity levels; pro-apoptotic markers (BAX/Bcl2 ratio and caspase-3) in mRNA and protein expressions, the NF-κB at mRNA; and protein levels associated with the restoration of elevated proinflammatory cytokines such as the TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β at the activity level. Furthermore, LCZ696 and valsartan contribute to restoring the induction of ER stress parameters (GRP78, PERK, eIF2a, ATF4, and CHOP) at mRNA and protein levels. LCZ696 and valsartan attenuated DCM by inhibiting the myocardial inflammation, ER stress, and apoptosis through AGEs/NF-κB and PERK/CHOP signaling cascades. Collectively, the present results reveal that LCZ696 had a more protective solid effect against DCM than valsartan.
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhang X, Zhou Y, Ma R. Potential effects and application prospect of angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor in diabetic kidney disease. J Diabetes Complications 2022; 36:108056. [PMID: 34893426 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2021.108056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is one of the main causes of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and all-cause mortality in diabetic patients, despite the extensive use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) and angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB). Angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor (ARNI), combining ARB and neutral endopeptidase inhibitor (NEPI), is likely to have potential favorable effects in DKD. This review summarizes existing preclinical and clinical studies on mechanism of ARNI and its potential effects on DKD. In preclinical studies, ARNI manifested its renoprotective effects by improving natriuresis, ameliorating inflammation, oxidative stress and renal dysfunction, and slowing down glomerulosclerosis and tubulointerstitial injury of kidney, but its effect on proteinuria is still controversial. Beneficial effects of ARNI on blood glucose regulation and glycometabolism have also been reported. There are no clinical studies of ARNI that specifically focus on DKD patients so far. ARNI has application potential in DKD, but there still need clinical studies that focus on DKD patients to determine its effectiveness, safety and underlying mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xingjian Zhang
- Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Ruixia Ma
- Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Liu J, Zheng X, Zhang C, Zhang C, Bu P. Lcz696 Alleviates Myocardial Fibrosis After Myocardial Infarction Through the sFRP-1/Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:724147. [PMID: 34539406 PMCID: PMC8443774 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.724147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Lcz696 (ARNI, angiotensin receptor–neprilysin inhibitor; sacubitril/valsartan) shows an inhibitory effect on fibrosis after myocardial infarction (MI). However, the underlying signaling mechanisms are poorly understood. The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is activated after MI and participates in the process of myocardial fibrosis. Here, we aimed to assess the efficacy of ARNI for alleviating myocardial fibrosis after MI and hypothesized that ARNI alleviates myocardial fibrosis by inhibiting the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and overexpressing sFRP-1, an inhibitor of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Methods: Mice randomized at 1 week post-MI were administered lcz696 (60 mg/kg, n = 21), valsartan (30 mg/kg, n = 19), or corn oil (n = 13) orally for 4 weeks, while the sham-operated group received vehicle (corn oil, n = 19). Cardiac function and extent of myocardial fibrosis were measured. Western blotting and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction were used to detect the expression of Wnt/β-catenin pathway-related proteins. Furthermore, primary myocardial fibroblasts were stimulated with angiotensin II (Ang II) and cultured with lcz696 and the sFRP-1 inhibitor way316606 to detect the expression of Wnt/β-catenin pathway proteins. Results: Both lcz696 and valsartan alleviated myocardial fibrosis and improved cardiac function, but lcz696 had superior efficiency compared to valsartan. Furthermore, β-catenin expression was inhibited and sFRP-1 was overexpressed after drug treatment, which could be significantly improved by lcz696 in mice. In addition, lcz696 inhibited β-catenin expression in AngII-stimulated myocardial fibroblasts, and β-catenin expression increased after the inhibition of sFRP-1. Conclusion: ARNI alleviated cardiac fibrosis and cardiac remodeling by inhibiting the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. In addition, ARNI can lead to overexpression of sFRP-1, which is an inhibitor of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. These results indicate a new therapeutic target of ARNI to improve myocardial fibrosis and prevent myocardial remodeling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Cardiology, Heze Municipal Hospital, Heze, China
| | - Xuehui Zheng
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Chunmei Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Peili Bu
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Li W, Yuan W, Zhang D, Cai S, Luo J, Zeng K. LCZ696 Possesses a Protective Effect Against Homocysteine (Hcy)-Induced Impairment of Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB) Integrity by Increasing Occludin, Mediated by the Inhibition of Egr-1. Neurotox Res 2021; 39:1981-1990. [PMID: 34542838 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-021-00414-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Homocysteine (Hcy) is a non-essential amino acid produced from methionine. It has been reported that high concentrations of Hcy are related to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases and induce the disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) by triggering oxidative stress and inflammation. LCZ696 is a novel antihypertensive agent that has been recently reported to possess promising anti-inflammatory properties. However, whether it has a protective effect on the BBB disruption is still unknown. For the first time, in this study, we aim to investigate whether LCZ696 exerts anti-inflammatory effects on Hcy-induced injury in brain endothelial cells and explore its neuroprotective properties. In in vivo experiments, we found that treatment with LCZ696 ameliorated oxidative stress by reducing malondialdehyde (MDA) and increasing glutathione (GSH). Furthermore, LCZ696 downregulated the excessive release of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) at mRNA and protein levels. Importantly, it reversed the disruption of the BBB induced by Hcy stimulation. In the in vitro human brain microvascular endothelial cell (HBMVEC) experiments, compared to the control, the permeability of the endothelial monolayer was significantly enlarged, the expression level of occludin declined, and Egr-1 upregulated by the introduction of Hcy, and these were all reversed by the treatment with LCZ696. Lastly, we found that the protective effects of LCZ696 against Hcy-induced reduction of occludin and hyper-permeability of the endothelial monolayer were greatly abolished by the overexpression of Egr-1. Taken together, we found that LCZ696 protected against Hcy-induced impairment of BBB integrity by increasing the expression of occludin, all mediated by the inhibition of Egr-1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenfeng Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ji'nan University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China.,Department of Cardiology, Ganzhou People's Hospital, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Wenjin Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, Ganzhou People's Hospital, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Dandan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Ganzhou People's Hospital, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Shuchun Cai
- Department of Cardiology, Ganzhou People's Hospital, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jun Luo
- Department of Cardiology, Ganzhou People's Hospital, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Kanghua Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, Ganzhou People's Hospital, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Shen J, Fan Z, Sun G, Qi G. Sacubitril/valsartan ( LCZ696) reduces myocardial injury following myocardial infarction by inhibiting NLRP3‑induced pyroptosis via the TAK1/JNK signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2021; 24:676. [PMID: 34296299 PMCID: PMC8335743 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the protective effects of sacubitril/valsartan (LCZ696) on ventricular remodeling in myocardial infarction (MI) and the effects of the inflammasome‑mediated inflammatory response. First, a rat model was established. Animals were then treated with LCZ696 so that the histopathological changes associated with ventricular remodeling could be investigated. The serum levels of the inflammatory factors IL‑18 and IL‑1β were also determined by ELISA. Immunofluorescence was used to investigate the ratio of pyroptosis following MI modelling. Western blotting and reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR were used to detect the relative expression levels of proteins and mRNAs in the transforming growth factor β‑activated kinase‑1 (TAK1)/JNK pathway and those associated with the NLR pyrin family domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, respectively. The present study also investigated the regulatory mechanisms and associations between the TAK1 and JNK pathways, NOD‑, leucine‑rich repeat‑ and the NLRP3 inflammasome, in H9C2 cells and myocardial cells from the rat model of MI. LCZ696 improved MI‑induced myocardial fibrosis, rescued myocardial injury and suppressed the release of inflammatory factors. With regards to myocardial cell damage, pyroptosis in cardiomyocytes was observed. The in vitro experiments demonstrated that the overexpression of TAK1 promoted lysis of the N‑terminal of GSDMD, thereby activating the NLRP3 inflammasome and promoting the conversion of pro‑IL‑1β and pro‑IL‑18 into mature IL‑1β and IL‑18, respectively. In contrast, the silencing of TAK1 inhibited the expression levels of the NLRP3 inflammasome. In summary, LCZ696 reduced the expression levels of the NLRP3 inflammasome, suppressed inflammatory responses, improved the ventricular remodeling and exhibited protective effects in the MI heart by inhibiting the TAK1/JNK signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianfen Shen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Zhongbao Fan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, People's Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial People's Hospital, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, P.R. China
| | - Guang Sun
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Guoxian Qi
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Wintrich J, Berger AK, Bewarder Y, Emrich I, Slawik J, Böhm M. [Update on diagnostics and treatment of heart failure]. Herz 2021; 47:340-353. [PMID: 34463784 PMCID: PMC8405859 DOI: 10.1007/s00059-021-05062-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Inzidenz und Prävalenz der Herzinsuffizienz steigen weltweit. Trotz zahlreicher wissenschaftlicher und klinischer Innovationen ist sie weiterhin mit einer hohen Morbidität und Mortalität behaftet, sodass eine leitliniengerechte Diagnostik und Therapie von entscheidender Bedeutung sind. Die kardiale Dekompensation zählt zu den häufigsten Aufnahmegründen in deutschen Krankenhäusern. Somit stellt die Behandlung herzinsuffizienter Patienten eine erhebliche Herausforderung für das deutsche Gesundheitssystem dar. Dieser Artikel fasst die neuesten wissenschaftlichen Erkenntnisse zur akuten und chronischen Herzinsuffizienz der Jahre 2018 bis 2020 zusammen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Wintrich
- Klinik für Innere Medizin III - Kardiologie, Angiologie und Internistische Intensivmedizin, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Kirrbergerstraße, 666421, Homburg/Saar, Deutschland.
| | - Ann-Kathrin Berger
- Klinik für Innere Medizin III - Kardiologie, Angiologie und Internistische Intensivmedizin, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Kirrbergerstraße, 666421, Homburg/Saar, Deutschland
| | - Yvonne Bewarder
- Klinik für Innere Medizin III - Kardiologie, Angiologie und Internistische Intensivmedizin, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Kirrbergerstraße, 666421, Homburg/Saar, Deutschland
| | - Insa Emrich
- Klinik für Innere Medizin III - Kardiologie, Angiologie und Internistische Intensivmedizin, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Kirrbergerstraße, 666421, Homburg/Saar, Deutschland
| | - Jonathan Slawik
- Klinik für Innere Medizin III - Kardiologie, Angiologie und Internistische Intensivmedizin, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Kirrbergerstraße, 666421, Homburg/Saar, Deutschland
| | - Michael Böhm
- Klinik für Innere Medizin III - Kardiologie, Angiologie und Internistische Intensivmedizin, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Kirrbergerstraße, 666421, Homburg/Saar, Deutschland
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Yuheng J, Yanyan L, Song Z, Yafang Z, Xiaowei M, Jiayan Z. The effects of sacubitril/valsartan on heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: a meta-analysis. Acta Cardiol 2021; 77:471-479. [PMID: 34380373 DOI: 10.1080/00015385.2021.1963101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Compared with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers, Sacubitril/Valsartan has been reported to have superior results. However, the effects of sacubitril/valsartan on heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) are still in dispute. OBJECTIVES This study aims to evaluate the effects of sacubitril/valsartan on the treatment of HFpEF patients. METHODS PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Clinicaltrials.gov were used to search for randomised controlled trials of sacubitril/valsartan in HFpEF patients from inception to 7 December 2020. RESULTS Four studies, with a total of 7739 participants, met the inclusion criteria. The present meta-analysis results showed that compared with the control group, sacubitril/valsartan reduced the hospitalisation rate of HF in HFpEF patients [Risk Ratio(RR): 0.85; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.79-0.93; p = 0.0002). Regarding all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, and the improvement in NYHA class, sacubitril/valsartan did not show apparent advantages. Although sacubitril/valsartan was linked to increasing the risk of symptomatic hypotension (RR: 1.44; 95% CI: 1.25-1.66; p﹤0.00001), there was no evidence supporting the incidence of renal function worsening and hyperkalemia. CONCLUSION Our study shows that compared with valsartan or individualised medical therapy (IMT), there were not different between the two groups except for the hospitalisation rate which was favoured by Sacubitril/Valsartan treatment group for HFpEF patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Yuheng
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Li Yanyan
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Zhang Song
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Zha Yafang
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Meng Xiaowei
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Zhang Jiayan
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Youssef RM, El-Nahass SA, Soliman SA, Younis SE. Development of hybrid spectrofluorimetric method for simultaneous determination of Valsartan and Sacubitril in LCZ696 tablets. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2021; 256:119748. [PMID: 33845336 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.119748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
A hybrid Spectrofluorimetric method was developed for the simultaneous determination of binary mixtures, without prior separation steps. It coupled synchronous spectrofluorimetry with derivative ratio mathematical treatment. The method was applied successfully to quantify a new model binary mixture consisting of Valsartan (VAL) and Sacubitril (SAC). This mixture was recently approved by FDA as LCZ696. It added a great value in reducing morbidity and mortality in resistant heart failure (HF) patients. First derivative ratio synchronous fluorescence was measured at 258-295 (peak-to-peak) and 204 nm for VAL and SAC, respectively. ICH guidelines were fulfilled for the method validation. VAL and SAC showed linear responses in the range of 60-200 and 20-200 ng mL-1, respectively. The proposed method was compared, in details, with the reported ones. Its high accuracy, selectivity, simplicity and affordable cost recommend method application in large-scale routine analysis of LCZ696 tablets. Moreover, reliable application of this new integrated spectrofluorimetric method suggests expansion of its application for various therapeutic combinations and different matrices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rasha M Youssef
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Sara A El-Nahass
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharos University in Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Sobhi A Soliman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharos University in Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Sameh E Younis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharos University in Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Kuang H, Huang X, Zhou Z, Cheng X, Xu G. Sacubitril/valsartan in chronic kidney disease: From pharmacological mechanism to clinical application. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 907:174288. [PMID: 34216577 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an irreversible, progressive disease characterized by persistent kidney damage, and significantly increased risks of cardiovascular event. However, therapeutic strategies to prevent or slow the progression of CKD remain limited. Sacubitril/valsartan (LCZ696), the representative of the first novel angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor, has been incorporated into clinical practice guidelines for improving outcomes as a milestone in patients with heart failure. Considering the complex and close relationship between CKD and heart failure, LCZ696 may be beneficial in the treatment of CKD. This review summarizes the pharmacological mechanism and clinical application of LCZ696 in patients with CKD, including its effect on cardiovascular risk and renal outcome, together with potential adverse events. Additionally, due to the influence of serum creatinine and estimated glomerular filtration rate on LCZ696 in patients with heart failure, we also discussed the effects of LCZ696 in patients with advanced CKD and end-stage renal disease. It should be noted that, current clinical studies on LCZ696 are mostly carried out in patients with heart failure, and renal indicators are selected as secondary outcomes. Therefore, more researches should be conducted in patients with CKD alone in the future, to determine the efficacy and safety of LCZ696 in patients with CKD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huang Kuang
- Renal Division, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University Institute of Nephrology, Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Xin Huang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Zhifeng Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, Kidney Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xuexin Cheng
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China.
| | - Gaosi Xu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Chua SK, Lai WT, Chen LC, Hung HF. The Antihypertensive Effects and Safety of LCZ696 in Patients with Hypertension: A Systemic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10132824. [PMID: 34206864 PMCID: PMC8268164 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10132824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The management of hypertension remains suboptimal throughout the world. Methods: We performed a random-effects model meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials to determine the effectiveness and safety of sacubitril/valsartan (LCZ696) for the treatment of high arterial pressure. Relevant published articles from PubMed, Cochrane base, and Medline were examined, and the last search date was December 2020. Only published randomized controlled trials and double-blind studies were selected for further analysis. The mean reductions in systolic blood pressure (msSBP) and diastolic blood pressure (msDBP) in the sitting position, as well as the mean reductions in ambulatory systolic blood pressure (maSBP) and ambulatory diastolic blood pressure (maDBP), were assumed as efficacy endpoints. Adverse events (AEs) were considered as safety outcomes. Results: Ten studies with a total of 5931patients were included for analysis. Compared with placebo, LCZ696 had a significant reduction in msSBP (weight mean difference (WMD) = −6.52 mmHg, 95% confidence interval (CI): −8.57 to −4.47; p < 0.001), msDBP (WMD = −3.32 mmHg, 95% CI: −4.57 to −2.07; p < 0.001), maSBP (WMD = −7.08 mmHg, 95% CI: −10.48 to −3.68; p < 0.001), maDBP (WMD = −3.57 mmHg, 95% CI: −5.71 to −1.44, p < 0.001). In subgroup analysis, only 200 mg and 400 mg LCZ696 showed a significant BP reduction. There was no difference in the AE rate between the LCZ696 and placebo groups (WMD = 1.02, 95% CI: 0.83 to 1.27, p = 0.54). Egger’s test revealed a potential publication bias for msSBP (p = 0.025), but no publication bias for other outcomes. Conclusion: LCZ696 may reduce blood pressure more efficaciously than traditional therapy in hypertensive patients without increasing adverse effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Su-Kiat Chua
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei 24205, Taiwan;
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei 111045, Taiwan; (W.-T.L.); (L.-C.C.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei 111045, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ting Lai
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei 111045, Taiwan; (W.-T.L.); (L.-C.C.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei 111045, Taiwan
| | - Lung-Ching Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei 111045, Taiwan; (W.-T.L.); (L.-C.C.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei 111045, Taiwan
| | - Huei-Fong Hung
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei 111045, Taiwan; (W.-T.L.); (L.-C.C.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei 111045, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-2-2833-2211 (ext. 2084)
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Li Y, Kang L, Rong K, Zhang Y, Suo Y, Yuan M, Bao Q, Shao S, Tse G, Li R, Liu T, Li G. Renal protective effects and mechanisms of the angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor LCZ696 in mice with cardiorenal syndrome. Life Sci 2021; 280:119692. [PMID: 34102189 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS This study investigated the renal protective effects and mechanisms of angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor LCZ696 in mice with cardiorenal syndrome. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mice were divided into abdominal aortic ligation alone, or treatment with LCZ696 or valsartan, whilst those undergoing sham surgery served as controls. Rat proximal renal tubular epithelial cells from the NRK-52E line were treated with control solution, LCZ696 or valsartan, in the presence or absence of Ang II for 24 h. KEY FINDINGS Compared to controls, abdominal aortic ligation significantly increased plasma NT-proBNP and urine neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), which were associated with reduced renal length and velocity time integral on ultrasonography. Histology revealed wrinkling of the glomerular capillary wall and sclerosis of the glomerulus, dilatation of the Bowman's capsule, accompanied by diffuse renal tubular atrophy and fibrosis, accompanied by lower kidney index and higher percentage area of fibrosis. Increases in NGAL and decreased ANP protein and mRNA expression levels were observed. These abnormalities were significantly prevented by LCZ696 and to a lesser extent by valsartan. Cellular experiments demonstrated a central role of Ang II/transforming growth factor-β1/Smad2/3/connective tissue growth factor-dependent signaling leading to type IV collagen deposition. This upregulation was reversed by LCZ696 in a greater extent than valsartan treatment alone, accompanied by a significant improvement in NGAL. SIGNIFICANCE LCZ696 can reduce kidney injury to a level beyond valsartan therapy alone in mice with cardiorenal syndrome, which can be speculated by effects on epithelial-mesenchymal transition and fibrosis through downregulating the TGF-β1/Smad2/3/CTGF/Collagen IV pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; Department of Nephrology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Li Kang
- Department of Nephrology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Kai Rong
- Department of Nephrology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ya Suo
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Meng Yuan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiankun Bao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuai Shao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Gary Tse
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Rong Li
- Department of Nephrology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Tong Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Guangping Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced endothelial dysfunction plays an important role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. LCZ696, the dual-acting angiotensin receptor blocker, and neprilysin inhibitor has been used for the treatment of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. Recent work suggests that LCZ696 therapy might have an anti-inflammatory effect in cardiovascular tissue. In the current study, we show that LCZ696 attenuates LPS-induced oxidative stress by reducing the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the measurements of malonyl dialdehyde (MDA) level in human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs). LCZ696 inhibits LPS-induced expressions and secretions of the pro-inflammatory cytokines, interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1α (IL-1α), and tumor necrosis factor β (TNF-β) as well as the chemokines, monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1), and chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 protein (CXCL1). Additionally, we found that LCZ696 reduces LPS-induced expressions of vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) and P-selectin and the attachment of U937 monocytes to HUVECs. Mechanistically, LCZ696 prevents LPS-induced activation of the TLR4/Myd88 pathway and nuclear translocation of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) p65 factor. Based on these findings, we conclude that LCZ696 is capable of ameliorating LPS-induced endothelial dysfunction via anti-inflammatory properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aihong Gao
- Department of Cardiology, NO.215 Hospital of Shaanxi Nuclear Industry, Xianyang 712000, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Cardiology, NO.215 Hospital of Shaanxi Nuclear Industry, Xianyang 712000, China
| | - Xiao Gao
- Department of Pathology, NO.215 Hospital of Shaanxi Nuclear Industry, Xianyang 712000, China
| | - Wei Tian
- Department of Pathology, NO.215 Hospital of Shaanxi Nuclear Industry, Xianyang 712000, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) accounts for a tremendous burden on health care systems and the society. Since the landmark PARADIGM-HF trial, sacubitril/valsartan, the first in the class of angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitor (ARNI) showed superiority to enalapril in patients with HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). We performed a narrative literature review, hand-searched the reference lists of included articles and relevant reviews. Inhibition of neprilysin increases bradykinin, natriuretic peptides and adrenomedullin levels counteract the neurohormal activation that leads to sodium retention, vasoconstriction, and cardiac remodeling. In PARADIGM-HF the primary outcome of CV death or HF hospitalization was reduced 20% in the ARNI group (HR 0.80, P<0.001) similar to mortality due to cardiovascular cause (HR 0.80, P<0.001) in patients with HFrEF, rendering a number needed to treat of 21 patients. This effect was consistent across subgroups. The safety of starting ARNI inpatient once the acute decompensation of HF is stabilized was demonstrated in PIONEER-HF trial. With willingness-to-pay thresholds commonly acceptable in the United States, sacubitril/valsartan is likely to be cost effective, which might not be in other health systems. Although its safety has been reassured in some clinical trials, common side effects are hypotension, worsening kidney function, hyperkalemia and angioedema. In HFpEF (PARAGON-HF), sacubitril/valsartan showed decrease in the level of the cardiac biomarkers, with improve functional NYHA and decrease in hospitalizations, predominately in women and patients with borderline ejection fraction. Some ongoing studies aim to demonstrate the effects of ARNI in acute coronary syndrome, stable ischemic heart disease, advanced HF, mitral regurgitation, aortic impedance and pulmonary hypertension. In conclusion, sacubitril/valsartan has proven to be an effective addition to the HFrEF arsenal, with safety comparable to current standard of care. In HFpEF, it improves quality of life, particularly in women and in patients with borderline ejection fraction, with no effect on mortality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Cameron Cu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Science Center El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Čepelová J, Malý M, Daněk J, Malý M. Monitoring the dynamics of clinical and laboratory markers of chronic heart failure during 12 months of sacubitril/valsartan treatment. Vnitr Lek 2021; 67:212-217. [PMID: 34275306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
AIM Treatment with sacubitril/valsartan (S/V) significantly improves cardiovascular morbidity, mortality, quality of life and prolongs the survival of chronic heart failure patients with reduced ejection fraction. The aim of the study was to evaluate changes in ejection fraction, NT-proBNP and glomerular filtration after 12 months of sacubitril/valsartan treatment. METHODS 30 patients (28 men) with chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, functional classes NYHA II-III, EF LK < 40%, NT-proBNP (> 450 ng/l), with glomerular filtration > 0.5 ml/s/1.73 m2, with a potassium < 5.4 mmol/l were classified in the study. S/V treatment was started at systolic blood pressure > 100 mmHg. Ejection fraction, glomerular filtration rate and NT-proBNP values were compared before treatment and after 12 months of S/V treatment. The number of hospitalizations and deaths was also monitored. RESULTS During 12 months of S/V treatment there was a significant improvement in left ventricular ejection fraction (median initial 26.3%, after treatment 36.3%, difference 7.5%, p.
Collapse
|
25
|
Liu Y, Fan Y, Li J, Chen M, Chen A, Yang D, Guan X, Cao Y. Combination of LCZ696 and ACEI further improves heart failure and myocardial fibrosis after acute myocardial infarction in mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 133:110824. [PMID: 33378988 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND LCZ696, an angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor (ARNi), is reported to play a cardioprotective role after acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors(ACEIs) have similar roles. However, it is unclear whether the combination of the two drugs has a better protective effect. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of this combination therapy after AMI. METHODS Male C57BL/6 J mice subjected to ligation of left anterior descending artery were treated for 4 weeks with LCZ696, ACEI(benazepril), or both(combination therapy) after induction of MI. Cardiac function, hemodynamics, and inflammatory factors were evaluated at 1 st day, 14th day, and 28th day. Heart weight and myocardial fibrosis were measured at the end of the experiment. RESULTS Blood pressure was lower in all treatment groups than in the control group. The combination therapy group had the strongest antihypertensive effect. Compared with LCZ696 or benazepril, treatment with combination therapy increased ejection fraction, fractional shortening, and cardiac output and decreased N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide(NT-proBNP). The ratios of heart weight to body weight in all treatment groups were less than that in the control group. Compared with the control and LCZ696 group, the fibrotic area in the combination therapy group was suppressed and had a lower level of TGF-β1 in the left ventricle. The plasma concentration of bradykinin and renin in the combination therapy group were highest among groups at 14th and 28th day. CONCLUSIONS LCZ696 in combination with benazepril showed better positive effects in modulating heart failure and myocardial fibrosis after acute AMI in mice and affect some inflammatory markers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Youbin Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Eighth Hospital of Guangzhou City, Guangzhou, PR China; The Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Ying Fan
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Jinglong Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Eighth Hospital of Guangzhou City, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Meng Chen
- The affiliated Hospital of Jining medical university, PR China
| | - Anyong Chen
- The affiliated Hospital of Jining medical university, PR China
| | - Dahao Yang
- Fuwai Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Xue Guan
- The Department of Animal Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR China.
| | - Yong Cao
- The affiliated Hospital of Jining medical university, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Geng Q, Yan R, Wang Z, Hou F. Effects of LCZ696 (Sacubitril/Valsartan) on Blood Pressure in Patients with Hypertension: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Cardiology 2020; 145:589-598. [PMID: 32726791 DOI: 10.1159/000507327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND LCZ696 (sacubitril/valsartan), a first-in-class angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor, can significantly reduce blood pressure in patients with heart failure. We performed this meta-analysis to determine the antihypertensive effect of LCZ696 in patients with hypertension. METHODS Randomized controlled trials were searched in MEDLINE, the Cochrane Library, and Clinicaltrials.gov. Twelve studies with a total of 6,064 participants were included. RESULTS Compared with angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), LCZ696 100 mg caused a significant reduction in systolic blood pressure (SBP) (mean difference [MD] -1.58 mm Hg, 95% confidence interval [CI] -2.09 to -1.07, p < 0.05) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (MD -0.66 mm Hg, 95% CI -0.98 to -0.33, p < 0.05). LCZ696 200 mg caused a significant reduction in SBP (MD -4.94 mm Hg, 95% CI -6.54 to -3.35, p < 0.05), DBP (MD -2.24 mm Hg, 95% CI -2.74 to -1.75, p < 0.05), 24-h ambulatory SBP (24 h ASBP; MD -3.69 mm Hg, 95% CI -4.80 to -2.58, p < 0.05), and 24-h ADBP (MD -1.71 mm Hg, 95% CI -2.13 to -1.28, p < 0.05). LCZ696 400 mg caused a significant reduction in SBP (MD -6.25 mm Hg, 95% CI -7.90 to -4.61, p < 0.05), DBP (MD -2.30 mm Hg, 95% CI -2.80 to -1.80, p < 0.05), 24-h ASBP (MD -4.31 mm Hg, 95% CI -6.56 to -2.07, p < 0.05), and 24 h ADBP (MD -1.69 mm Hg, 95% CI -2.59 to -0.79, p < 0.05). Compared with LCZ696 200 mg, LCZ696 400 mg caused a significant reduction in SBP (MD 1.71 mm Hg, 95% CI 1.15 to 2.27, p < 0.05), DBP (MD 0.90 mm Hg, 95% CI 0.65 to 1.16, p < 0.05), 24-h ASBP (MD 1.50 mm Hg, 95% CI 0.84 to 2.17, p < 0.05), and 24-h ADBP (MD 0.76 mm Hg, 95% CI 0.47 to 1.06, p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The blood pressure-lowering effect of LCZ696 is dose-related. This meta-analysis confirms the antihypertensive effects of LCZ696.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Geng
- Department of Cardiology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Rongqiang Yan
- Department of Cardiology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhengzhong Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Fangjie Hou
- Department of Cardiology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, China,
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Mohany M, Alanazi AZ, Alqahtani F, Belali OM, Ahmed MM, Al-Rejaie SS. LCZ696 mitigates diabetic-induced nephropathy through inhibiting oxidative stress, NF-κB mediated inflammation and glomerulosclerosis in rats. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9196. [PMID: 32596035 PMCID: PMC7307563 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is among the most common microvascular complications of diabetes resulting in end-stage renal disease and therefore search for candidates which can ameliorate the kidney function is needed simultaneously with standard diabetic pharmacotherapy. The current study was aimed to investigate the effect of long term sacubitril/valsartan therapy (LCZ696) in diabetic rats to assess its ameliorative impact against various pathological parameters such as oxidative stress, inflammation and glomerulosclerosis associated with chronic DN. Methods A single dose (60 mg/kg/day) of STZ was used to induce type 1 diabetes in adult male wistar rats. 2 weeks after diabetes induction, these rats were treated orally with valsartan (31 mg/kg) or LCZ696 (68 mg/kg) for 6 weeks. At end of the treatment period, serum and kidney samples were collected and analyzed. The serum levels of glucose, insulin, urea, creatinine, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10 levels were estimated. In renal tissue homogenate, the levels of inflammatory markers such as TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, NF-kB along with oxidative stress biomarkers including thiobarbituric acid-reacting substances (TBARs), glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione S-transferase (GST) were assessed. Histological changes were observed in kidney. Results Time course therapy withLCZ696 and valsartan in diabetic rats resulted in significant reduction of serum glucose, urea and creatinine levels (P < 0.05). Additionally, serum of treated diabetic rats showed a diminution in inflammatory (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6) and increment in anti-inflammatory (IL-10) cytokines levels (P < 0.05). Tissue homogenate of the kidney extracted from LCZ696 and valsartan treated diabetic rats revealed a substantial reduction in the levels of inflammatory markers such as TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, NF-kB and sufficient restoration of anti-oxidant enzyme levels (P < 0.05). Finally, in the histological sections of the kidney, prevention of renal injury was observed with limited necrosis and inflammatory cells infiltration. Conclusion Present data suggest that LCZ696 has sufficient therapeutic potential to restrict DN progression through inhibiting inflammation, oxidative stress and glomerulosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Mohany
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Z Alanazi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faleh Alqahtani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osamah M Belali
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed M Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salim S Al-Rejaie
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Wintrich J, Kindermann I, Ukena C, Selejan S, Werner C, Maack C, Laufs U, Tschöpe C, Anker SD, Lam CSP, Voors AA, Böhm M. Therapeutic approaches in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: past, present, and future. Clin Res Cardiol 2020; 109:1079-1098. [PMID: 32236720 PMCID: PMC7449942 DOI: 10.1007/s00392-020-01633-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In contrast to the wealth of proven therapies for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), therapeutic efforts in the past have failed to improve outcomes in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Moreover, to this day, diagnosis of HFpEF remains controversial. However, there is growing appreciation that HFpEF represents a heterogeneous syndrome with various phenotypes and comorbidities which are hardly to differentiate solely by LVEF and might benefit from individually tailored approaches. These hypotheses are supported by the recently presented PARAGON-HF trial. Although treatment with LCZ696 did not result in a significantly lower rate of total hospitalizations for heart failure and death from cardiovascular causes among HFpEF patients, subanalyses suggest beneficial effects in female patients and those with an LVEF between 45 and 57%. In the future, prospective randomized trials should focus on dedicated, well-defined subgroups based on various information such as clinical characteristics, biomarker levels, and imaging modalities. These could clarify the role of LCZ696 in selected individuals. Furthermore, sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors have just proven efficient in HFrEF patients and are currently also studied in large prospective clinical trials enrolling HFpEF patients. In addition, several novel disease-modifying drugs that pursue different strategies such as targeting cardiac inflammation and fibrosis have delivered preliminary optimistic results and are subject of further research. Moreover, innovative device therapies may enhance management of HFpEF, but need prospective adequately powered clinical trials to confirm safety and efficacy regarding clinical outcomes. This review highlights the past, present, and future therapeutic approaches in HFpEF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Wintrich
- Klinik für Innere Medizin III-Kardiologie, Angiologie und Internistische Intensivmedizin, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes und Medizinische Fakultät der Universität des Saarlandes, Kirrberger Straße, 66421, Homburg/Saar, Germany.
| | - Ingrid Kindermann
- Klinik für Innere Medizin III-Kardiologie, Angiologie und Internistische Intensivmedizin, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes und Medizinische Fakultät der Universität des Saarlandes, Kirrberger Straße, 66421, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Christian Ukena
- Klinik für Innere Medizin III-Kardiologie, Angiologie und Internistische Intensivmedizin, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes und Medizinische Fakultät der Universität des Saarlandes, Kirrberger Straße, 66421, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Simina Selejan
- Klinik für Innere Medizin III-Kardiologie, Angiologie und Internistische Intensivmedizin, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes und Medizinische Fakultät der Universität des Saarlandes, Kirrberger Straße, 66421, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Christian Werner
- Klinik für Innere Medizin III-Kardiologie, Angiologie und Internistische Intensivmedizin, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes und Medizinische Fakultät der Universität des Saarlandes, Kirrberger Straße, 66421, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Christoph Maack
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (CHFC), University Clinic Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Laufs
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Kardiologie im Department für Innere Medizin, Neurologie und Dermatologie, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Carsten Tschöpe
- Department of Cardiology, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charite, Campus Rudolf Virchow Clinic (CVK), Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Health/Center for Regenerative Therapies (BIHCRT), Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan D Anker
- Department of Cardiology, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charite, Campus Rudolf Virchow Clinic (CVK), Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Health/Center for Regenerative Therapies (BIHCRT), Berlin, Germany
| | - Carolyn S P Lam
- National Heart Centre, Singapore and Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney, Australia
| | - Adriaan A Voors
- University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Michael Böhm
- Klinik für Innere Medizin III-Kardiologie, Angiologie und Internistische Intensivmedizin, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes und Medizinische Fakultät der Universität des Saarlandes, Kirrberger Straße, 66421, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Salama RM, Abd Elwahab AH, Abd-Elgalil MM, Elmongy NF, Schaalan MF. LCZ696 (sacubitril/valsartan) protects against cyclophosphamide-induced testicular toxicity in rats: Role of neprilysin inhibition and lncRNA TUG1 in ameliorating apoptosis. Toxicology 2020; 437:152439. [PMID: 32197949 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2020.152439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Cyclophosphamide (CP) is widely used as chemotherapy in various cancers; however, testicular atrophy has been encountered as an associated adverse effect. Oxidative stress, enhanced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and subsequent apoptosis are involved in the molecular mechanisms of CP-induced testicular toxicity. In addition to the cardiovascular benefits of LCZ696 (sacubitril/valsartan (VAL)), neprilysin inhibition was shown to mediate Ca2+ sequestration inside the ER. Furthermore, long noncoding RNA taurine-upregulated gene 1 (lncRNA TUG1) was shown to ameliorate apoptosis in various diseases. This tempted us to investigate the possible benefit of LCZ696 against CP-induced testicular dysfunction in rats through neprilysin inhibition axis, and the downstream apoptotic cascade, with highlighting the impact of lncRNA TUG1 in regulating testicular toxicity. Sixty adult male Wistar rats were randomly allocated as control, LCZ696, VAL, CP, CP + LCZ696, and CP + VAL. Testicular atrophy was induced by single-dose injection of CP (200 mg/kg; i.p.). LCZ696 treated group received LCZ696 (30 mg/kg; p.o.) for 6 days, with CP (200 mg/kg; i.p.) single-dose on day 5. LCZ696 increased lncRNA TUG1 expression, improved sperm characteristics, hormonal profile, testicular function, antioxidant defences, and Bcl-2. The histopathological picture and reduced oxidative and ER stress markers, aligned with declined Bax, caspase-3 and the expression of CHOP, PUMA, Noxa, Bim, and p53, with a subtle superior effect over VAL-treated group. In conclusion, the current study highlights the promising impact of LCZ696 in ameliorating chemotherapy-induced testicular atrophy; yet, further investigation regarding longer duration and different doses of LCZ696 is warranted.
Collapse
|
30
|
Alqahtani F, Mohany M, Alasmari AF, Alanazi AZ, Belali OM, Ahmed MM, Al-Rejaie SS. Angiotensin II receptor Neprilysin inhibitor ( LCZ696) compared to Valsartan attenuates Hepatotoxicity in STZ-induced hyperglycemic rats. Int J Med Sci 2020; 17:3098-3106. [PMID: 33173431 PMCID: PMC7646100 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.49373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and objectives: Although diabetic-induced hepatotoxicity is less common, it can be included in the list of target organ pathologies associated with diabetes. This study aimed to investigate the potential therapeutic role of sacubitril/valsartan (LCZ696) in modulating oxidative and inflammatory injuries and liver fibrosis in STZ-induced hyperglycemic rats in comparison to valsartan alone. Materials and Methods: Following the induction of diabetes using a single dose of streptozotocin (STZ), STZ-induced hyperglycemic animals were administered LCZ696 or valsartan for 6 weeks. Glucose, transaminases, lipid profile, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), and interleukin - 6 (IL-6), were estimated using the obtained serum. Oxidative stress biomarkers including thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione S-transferase (GST) were measured in the liver homogenate. Additionally, the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and nuclear factor - kappa β (NF-κB) levels were estimated in hepatic tissue. To assess the general histopathological changes, harvested liver tissue was treated with hematoxylin and eosin or Masson's trichrome staining to detect fibrosis. Results: STZ-induced hyperglycemic rats demonstrated high blood glucose, dyslipidemia, and significant elevation in hepatic transaminases, proinflammatory cytokines, NF-κB, lipid peroxidation, and hepatic fibrosis, with impairment in antioxidant enzymes. In STZ-induced hyperglycemic rats, the administration of LCZ696 ameliorated hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, improved liver functions, and boosted antioxidants enzymes. Furthermore, LCZ696 therapy attenuated oxidation, inflammation, progression of liver injury, and hepatic fibrosis. LCZ696 was superior to valsartan in reducing AST, hepatic fibrosis, tissue IL-1β, TNF-α and NF-κB. In addition, compared with the valsartan group, LCZ696 significantly increased the antioxidant parameters such as GSH, SOD, CAT and GPx. Conclusion: Collectively, our data demonstrated that LCZ696 could suppress the progression of diabetes-induced hepatic fibrosis, correlating with reduced oxidative stress, hepatic inflammation and NF-κB compared with valsartan alone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Faleh Alqahtani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 55760, Riyadh - 1145, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Mohany
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 55760, Riyadh - 1145, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah F Alasmari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 55760, Riyadh - 1145, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Z Alanazi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 55760, Riyadh - 1145, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osamah M Belali
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 55760, Riyadh - 1145, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed M Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 55760, Riyadh - 1145, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salim S Al-Rejaie
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 55760, Riyadh - 1145, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Rahman A, Sherajee SJ, Rafiq K, Kobara H, Masaki T, Nakano D, Morikawa T, Konishi Y, Imanishi M, Nishiyama A. The angiotensin II receptor-neprilysin inhibitor LCZ696 attenuates the progression of proteinuria in type 2 diabetic rats. J Pharmacol Sci 2019; 142:124-126. [PMID: 31924408 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2019.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
We examined the effects of the angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor LCZ696 on overt proteinuria and renal injury in type 2 diabetic Otsuka-Long- Evans-Tokushima-Fatty (OLETF) rats. Aged OLETF rats were also treated with either valsartan or valsartan plus hydralazine for comparison. LCZ696 caused greater attenuation of the progression of proteinuria than either valsartan alone or valsartan combined with hydralazine. Reduced glomerular injury and tubulointerstitial fibrosis were also observed in LCZ696-treated rats. Moreover, LCZ696 prevented increases in blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine levels. These data suggest that LCZ696 elicits a reno-protective effect against type 2 diabetes with overt proteinuria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asadur Rahman
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Shamshad J Sherajee
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Kazi Rafiq
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Hideki Kobara
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Masaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Daisuke Nakano
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Takashi Morikawa
- Division of Hypertension and Nephrology, Osaka General Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshio Konishi
- Division of Hypertension and Nephrology, Osaka General Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masahito Imanishi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Akira Nishiyama
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Wang Y, Guo Z, Gao Y, Liang P, Shan Y, He J. Angiotensin II receptor blocker LCZ696 attenuates cardiac remodeling through the inhibition of the ERK signaling pathway in mice with pregnancy-associated cardiomyopathy. Cell Biosci 2019; 9:86. [PMID: 31649814 PMCID: PMC6805527 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-019-0348-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Pregnancy-associated cardiomyopathy (PAH) represents a pregnancy-associated myocardial disease that is characterized by the progression of heart failure due to marked left ventricular systolic dysfunction. Compelling evidence has highlighted the potential of angiotensin (Ang) receptor inhibitors as therapeutic targets in PAH treatment. The present study aims to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying Ang II receptor inhibitor LCZ696 treatment in PAH. Initially, a PAH mouse model was induced, followed by intraperitoneal injection of LCZ696. Subsequently, cardiomyocytes and fibroblasts were isolated, cultured, and treated with Ang II and LCZ696, followed by detection of the total survival rate, cardiac injury, cardiac fibrosis and apoptosis. Moreover, in order to quantify the cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis degree of cardiac fibroblasts, the expression levels of markers of cardiac hypertrophy (ANP, βMHC and TIMP2) and markers of fibrosis (collagen I, collagen III and TGF-β) were evaluated. Furthermore, the potential effect of LCZ696 on the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathway was examined. The acquired findings revealed that LCZ696 increased the total survival rate of PAH mice, but decreased cardiac injury, cardiac fibrosis, and apoptosis in vitro. LCZ696 attenuated cardiac injury induced by Ang II through the inhibition the expression of markers of cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis and apoptosis by inhibiting ERK phosphorylation in vivo and in vitro. Altogether, LCZ676 could potentially alleviate cardiac remodeling in mice with PAH via blockade of the ERK signaling pathway activation. Our findings suggest that LCZ696 could be a potential target for PAH therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, No. 71, Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021 Jilin People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiheng Guo
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, No. 71, Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021 Jilin People's Republic of China
| | - Yongmei Gao
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, No. 71, Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021 Jilin People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Liang
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, No. 71, Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021 Jilin People's Republic of China
| | - Yanhong Shan
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, No. 71, Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021 Jilin People's Republic of China
| | - Jin He
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, No. 71, Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021 Jilin People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Lefer DJ, Sharp TE. Angiotensin Receptor-Neprilysin Inhibitors Emerge as Potential Treatment for Acute Myocardial Infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol 2019; 72:2357-2359. [PMID: 30384892 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2018.08.2170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David J Lefer
- Cardiovascular Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, LSU Health Science Center, New Orleans, Louisiana; Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana.
| | - Thomas E Sharp
- Cardiovascular Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, LSU Health Science Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Ge Q, Zhao L, Ren XM, Ye P, Hu ZY. LCZ696, an angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor, ameliorates diabetic cardiomyopathy by inhibiting inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2019; 244:1028-1039. [PMID: 31262190 DOI: 10.1177/1535370219861283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy, which refers to the destruction of the structure and function of the heart, is the primary cause of heart failure due to diabetes. LCZ696 is the first angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor (ARNi) to be used clinically. Our study investigated the role played by LCZ696 during diabetic cardiomyopathy and explored the potential mechanisms underlying these effects. Diabetes was induced by injecting streptozotocin intraperitoneally into mice, and the mice were then divided randomly into two groups: one group was treated with LCZ696 (60 mg/kg/d) for 16 weeks, and the other received no treatment. The H9C2 cardiomyoblast cell line was treated with LCZ696 under high-glucose (HG) conditions. The levels of apoptotic (Bax, Bcl-2 and cleaved caspase-3) and pro-inflammatory factors [nuclear factor (NF)-κB, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 mitogen-activated kinase (MAPK)] were assessed in heart tissues from diabetic and normal mice and in H9C2 cells. The heart tissue structures and cardiac functions of diabetic mice were compared with those of normal mice, using histological and echocardiographic analyses. The results showed that LCZ696 inhibits the nuclear transfer of NF-κB and JNK/p38MAPK phosphorylation, and mitigates inflammation and apoptosis in diabetic mice and H9C2 cardiomyocytes under HG conditions. The histological and echocardiographic data showed that compared with untreated diabetic mice, diabetic mice treated with LCZ696 exhibited improved ventricular remodeling and cardiac function. LCZ696 also ameliorated oxidative stress in both vivo and vitro. In conclusion, LCZ696 improved diabetic cardiomyopathy by reducing cardiac inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. Impact statement Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is an important cause of heart failure in patients with diabetes, resulting in increased morbidity and mortality. LCZ696, which was studied here, is a novel drug for the treatment of heart failure. The latest research reports that LCZ696 is more effective for preventing heart failure than valsartan alone. However, little research has been performed examining the effects of LCZ696 on DCM. This study was designed to examine the role played by LCZ696 during DCM and the potential mechanisms underlying these effects, which may provide the basis for a new therapeutic strategy for DCM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Ge
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Li Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Xiao-Min Ren
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Peng Ye
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Zuo-Ying Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, China
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Kapelios CJ, Lainscak M, Savarese G, Laroche C, Seferovic P, Ruschitzka F, Coats A, Anker SD, Crespo-Leiro MG, Filippatos G, Piepoli MF, Rosano G, Zanolla L, Aguiar C, Murin J, Leszek P, McDonagh T, Maggioni AP, Lund LH. Sacubitril/valsartan eligibility and outcomes in the ESC-EORP-HFA Heart Failure Long-Term Registry: bridging between European Medicines Agency/Food and Drug Administration label, the PARADIGM-HF trial, ESC guidelines, and real world. Eur J Heart Fail 2019; 21:1383-1397. [PMID: 31132222 DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.1532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS To assess the proportion of patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) who are eligible for sacubitril/valsartan (LCZ696) based on the European Medicines Agency/Food and Drug Administration (EMA/FDA) label, the PARADIGM-HF trial and the 2016 ESC guidelines, and the association between eligibility and outcomes. METHODS AND RESULTS Outpatients with HFrEF in the ESC-EORP-HFA Long-Term Heart Failure (HF-LT) Registry between March 2011 and November 2013 were considered. Criteria for LCZ696 based on EMA/FDA label, PARADIGM-HF and ESC guidelines were applied. Of 5443 patients, 2197 and 2373 had complete information for trial and guideline eligibility assessment, and 84%, 12% and 12% met EMA/FDA label, PARADIGM-HF and guideline criteria, respectively. Absent PARADIGM-HF criteria were low natriuretic peptides (21%), hyperkalemia (4%), hypotension (7%) and sub-optimal pharmacotherapy (74%); absent Guidelines criteria were LVEF>35% (23%), insufficient NP levels (30%) and sub-optimal pharmacotherapy (82%); absent label criteria were absence of symptoms (New York Heart Association class I). When a daily requirement of ACEi/ARB ≥ 10 mg enalapril (instead of ≥ 20 mg) was used, eligibility rose from 12% to 28% based on both PARADIGM-HF and guidelines. One-year heart failure hospitalization was higher (12% and 17% vs. 12%) and all-cause mortality lower (5.3% and 6.5% vs. 7.7%) in registry eligible patients compared to the enalapril arm of PARADIGM-HF. CONCLUSIONS Among outpatients with HFrEF in the ESC-EORP-HFA HF-LT Registry, 84% met label criteria, while only 12% and 28% met PARADIGM-HF and guideline criteria for LCZ696 if requiring ≥ 20 mg and ≥ 10 mg enalapril, respectively. Registry patients eligible for LCZ696 had greater heart failure hospitalization but lower mortality rates than the PARADIGM-HF enalapril group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chris J Kapelios
- Department of Cardiology, Laiko General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Mitja Lainscak
- Division of Cardiology, Murska Sobota, Murska Sobota and Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Gianluigi Savarese
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Heart and Vascular Theme, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Cécile Laroche
- EURObservational Research Programme, European Society of Cardiology, Sophia-Antipolis, France
| | - Petar Seferovic
- Clinical Center of Serbia, Cardiology II, Department for Heart Failure, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Frank Ruschitzka
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Failure Clinic and Transplantation, University Heart Centre Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Stefan D Anker
- Division of Cardiology and Metabolism; Department of Cardiology (CVK); and Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT); German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) partner site Berlin; Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany & Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medicine Göttingen (UMG), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Maria G Crespo-Leiro
- Unidad de Insuficiencia Cardiaca Avanzada y Trasplante Cardiaco, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruna, La Coruna, Spain
| | - Gerasimos Filippatos
- Heart Failure Unit, Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Attikon, Athens, Greece
| | - Massimo F Piepoli
- Heart Failure Unit, Cardiac Department, Guglielmo da Saliceto Hospital, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Rosano
- Cardiovascular Clinical Academic Group St George's Hospitals NHS Trust University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London, IRCCS San Raffaele, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Carlos Aguiar
- Unidade de Insuficiência Cardíaca Avançada e Transplantação Cardíaca, Hospital de Santa Cruz, Carnaxide, Portugal
| | - Jan Murin
- University Hospital Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Przemyslaw Leszek
- The Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Aldo P Maggioni
- EURObservational Research Programme, European Society of Cardiology, Sophia-Antipolis, France.,ANMCO Research Centre, Heart Care Foundation, Florence, Italy
| | - Lars H Lund
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Heart and Vascular Theme, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Zhao Y, Ma R, Yu X, Li N, Zhao X, Yu J. AHU377+Valsartan ( LCZ696) Modulates Renin-Angiotensin System (RAS) in the Cardiac of Female Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats Compared With Valsartan. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 2019; 24:450-459. [PMID: 31023080 DOI: 10.1177/1074248419838503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertension is a major cause of death and morbidity worldwide and is increasing in prevalence. The Renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is the most common mechanism involved in the pathophysiology of hypertension. Understanding the mechanism of the pathophysiologic processes will help direct potential therapeutic strategies to treat hypertension and improve cardiac function. Recently, a novel drug LCZ696 containing both an angiotensin receptor blocker valsartan and a neprilysin inhibitor (AHU377) has shown a promising effect on the treatment of hypertension. However, the effects of LCZ696 on the expression of main components of RAS, namely, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1 R), angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AT2 R), and angiotensin (1-7) receptor/Mas receptor (MasR) remain unclear. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of LCZ696 on the protective arms of RAS in the cardiac tissue when compared with valsartan under the equal inhibition of AT1 R. We hypothesized that the superior effects of LCZ696 may contribute to its greater effect on the RAS than valsartan. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixteen-week-old female spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) were used in this study. Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats were used as controls. All rats were randomly divided into LCZ696 (n = 10), valsartan (n = 10), SHR (n = 10), and WKY (n = 10) groups under a 12-hour dark and 12-hour light cycle and provided with regular chow diet and water. The tail-cuff method was performed to measure blood pressure. Cardiac function was assessed by echocardiography. RESULTS The blood pressure value was lower in LCZ696 than valsartan in SHR after 12 weeks of treatment. Further, LCZ696 inhibits the ACE and AT1 R protein expression in the cardiac of SHR and significantly upregulate the protective axis of RAS components, including ACE2, MasR, and AT2 R. Left ventricular AT2 R messenger RNA (mRNA) expression was higher in the LCZ696+SHR group compared with valsartan. In addition, real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed that LCZ696 enhanced the mRNA expression of antihypertensive components AT2 R, ACE2, and MasR and decreased the expression of AT1 R. However, only AT2 R and ACE2 mRNA expressions have a statistical difference between the LCZ696 and valsartan groups. No difference was observed in the mRNA expression of ACE and MasR. The stronger positive signal of transforming growth factor β in the left ventricle was inhibited in each administrated group compared with SHR groups. CONCLUSIONS LCZ696 ameliorates the vasoconstrictor axis of the RAS AT1 R and stimulate the protective arm effectors, ACE2 and AT2 R, as well as reverses the compensatory upregulation of neuronal nitric oxide synthase and endothelial nitric oxide synthase in SHR. These findings suggest the mechanistic insight of the cardiac-protective and greater hypotensive effects of LCZ696.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhao
- 1 Department of Hypertension, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Ruixin Ma
- 1 Department of Hypertension, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Xiaorong Yu
- 1 Department of Hypertension, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Ningyin Li
- 1 Department of Hypertension, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Xu Zhao
- 1 Department of Hypertension, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Jing Yu
- 1 Department of Hypertension, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Kompa AR, Lu J, Weller TJ, Kelly DJ, Krum H, von Lueder TG, Wang BH. Angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibition provides superior cardioprotection compared to angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition after experimental myocardial infarction. Int J Cardiol 2018; 258:192-8. [PMID: 29544929 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2018.01.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitor (ARNi) enhances beneficial natriuretic peptides by inhibiting their breakdown through neprilysin. Although the first-in-class ARNi sacubitril/valsartan (LCZ696) reduced mortality and morbidity in heart failure (HF) with reduced ejection fraction (EF) compared to angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEi), mechanistic data on ARNi are scarce. ARNi may be superior to ACEi in attenuating adverse cardiac remodeling and dysfunction post-myocardial infarction (MI). METHODS Rats randomized at 1 week post-MI were administered LCZ696 (60 mg/kg, N = 12), the ACEi perindopril (2 mg/kg, N = 11) or vehicle (corn oil, N = 13), orally for 4 weeks. Sham rats received vehicle (corn oil, N = 9). Echocardiography was assessed before and after treatment, prior to invasive hemodynamics using pressure-volume analysis. Hypertrophy and fibrosis was evaluated by histochemical staining, and analysis of myocardial gene and protein expression using real-time quantitative PCR and Western blot. RESULTS Compared to Sham, MI groups had large infarcts (>40%) and reduced left ventricular (LV) EF. LCZ696 improved LVEF and end systolic pressure-volume relationship compared to perindopril (P < 0.05). LCZ696 but not perindopril reduced lung weight and LV filling pressures post-MI. Reductions in cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis were similar, however gene expression of hypertrophic markers, ANP and βMHC were reduced with LCZ696 versus perindopril. LCZ696 versus perindopril reduced myocardial TIMP2 gene expression with a trend (P = 0.067) to lowering collagen I. CONCLUSION LCZ696 attenuated adverse cardiac remodeling and dysfunction and reduced pulmonary congestion and hypertrophic markers after MI compared to perindopril. This study supports clinical evaluation of ARNi versus ACEi in targeting post-MI cardiac dysfunction and remodeling.
Collapse
|
38
|
Bramblett T, Teleb M, Albaghdadi A, Agrawal H, Mukherjee D. Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction: Entresto a Possible Option. Cardiovasc Hematol Disord Drug Targets 2018; 17:80-85. [PMID: 28676030 DOI: 10.2174/1871529x17666170703120237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2016] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) makes up half of diagnosed heart failure (HF) cases and has similar outcomes compared to heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) but a discrepancy in knowledge and approach to treatment. HFpEF is diagnosed using the following criteria: symptoms, preserved ejection fraction (greater than 50%), and evidence of abnormal left ventricular filling or relaxation, or diastolic distensibility or stiffness. Studies conducted to examine the efficacy of angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) (irbesartan and candesartan), thiazide diuretics (chlorthalidone), and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) (perindopril) in the treatment of HFpEF, showed moderate efficacy but no clear benefit. Recently, the FDA has approved a novel drug, which combines an angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitor and ARB (valsartan) named LCZ696 (entresto) for possible treatment of HFrEF. CONCLUSION In this article, we will discuss the failure of previous treatment modalities and the promise that LCZ696 (entresto) may hold for treating patients with HFpEF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taylor Bramblett
- Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, Texas, United States
| | - Mohamed Teleb
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX, 4800 Alberta Ave, El Paso, TX, 79905, United States
| | - Aymen Albaghdadi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, El Paso, TX, United States
| | - Harsh Agrawal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX, 4800 Alberta Ave, El Paso, TX, 79905, United States
| | - Debabrata Mukherjee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX, 4800 Alberta Ave, El Paso, TX, 79905, United States
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Yandrapalli S, Khan MH, Rochlani Y, Aronow WS. Sacubitril/valsartan in cardiovascular disease: evidence to date and place in therapy. Ther Adv Cardiovasc Dis 2018; 12:217-231. [PMID: 29921166 PMCID: PMC6041873 DOI: 10.1177/1753944718784536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular (CV) disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the developing and the developed world. Mortality from CV disease had plateaued in the recent years raising concerning alarms about the sustained efficacy of available preventive and treatment options. Heart failure (HF) is among the major contributors to the CV-related health care burden, a persisting concern despite the use of clinically proven guideline-directed therapies. A requirement for more efficient medical therapies coupled with recent advances in bio-innovation led to the creation of sacubitril/valsartan, an angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor (ARNI), which demonstrated substantial CV benefit when compared with the standard of care, enalapril, in patients with HF and reduced ejection fraction. Further investigations of this novel combination ARNI at the tissue level shed light into the anti-remodeling and cardioprotective effects of sacubitril/valsartan, while clinical studies in the phenotypes of HF with preserved ejection fraction, hypertension and subsets, coronary outcomes, postmyocardial infarction, and renal disease suggested that this combination could be beneficial across a wide spectrum of CV disease. Sacubitril/valsartan is a much-needed therapeutic advance in the avenue of CV disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Srikanth Yandrapalli
- Department of Internal Medicine, New York Medical College at Westchester Medical Center, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | - Mohammed Hasan Khan
- Division of Cardiology, New York Medical College at Westchester Medical Center, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | - Yogita Rochlani
- Division of Cardiology, New York Medical College at Westchester Medical Center, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | - Wilbert S. Aronow
- Professor of Medicine, Cardiology Division, New York Medical College at Westchester Medical Center, Macy Pavilion, Room 141, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Fu S, Ping P, Zhu Q, Ye P, Luo L. Brain Natriuretic Peptide and Its Biochemical, Analytical, and Clinical Issues in Heart Failure: A Narrative Review. Front Physiol 2018; 9:692. [PMID: 29922182 PMCID: PMC5996066 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a primary cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. As the most widely studied and commonly applied natriuretic peptide (NP), B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) has the effects of diuresis, natriuresis, vasodilation, anti-hypertrophy, and anti-fibrosis and it inhibits the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone and sympathetic nervous systems to maintain cardiorenal homeostasis and counteract the effects of HF. Both BNP and N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) are applied as diagnostic, managing, and prognostic tools for HF. However, due to the complexity of BNP system, the diversity of BNP forms and the heterogeneity of HF status, there are biochemical, analytical, and clinical issues on BNP not fully understood. Current immunoassays cross-react to varying degrees with pro B-type natriuretic peptide (proBNP), NT-proBNP and various BNP forms and cannot effectively differentiate between these forms. Moreover, current immunoassays have different results and may not accurately reflect cardiac function. It is essential to design assays that can recognize specific forms of BNP, NT-proBNP, and proBNP to obtain more clinical information. Not only the processing of proBNP (corin/furin) and BNP (neprilysin), but also the effects of glycosylation on proBNP processing and BNP assays, should be targeted in future studies to enhance their diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognostic values.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shihui Fu
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China.,Department of Cardiology and Hainan Branch, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Ping
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qiwei Zhu
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Ye
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Leiming Luo
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Suematsu Y, Jing W, Nunes A, Kashyap ML, Khazaeli M, Vaziri ND, Moradi H. LCZ696 (Sacubitril/Valsartan), an Angiotensin-Receptor Neprilysin Inhibitor, Attenuates Cardiac Hypertrophy, Fibrosis, and Vasculopathy in a Rat Model of Chronic Kidney Disease. J Card Fail 2018; 24:266-275. [PMID: 29325796 DOI: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2017.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis, and increased risk of cardiovascular mortality. LCZ696 (sacubitril/valsartan) is a promising agent that has shown significant potential in treatment of heart failure. We hypothesized that LCZ696 is more effective than valsartan alone in the treatment of cardiovascular abnormalities associated with experimental CKD. METHODS AND RESULTS Male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent 5/6 nephrectomy and were subsequently randomized to no treatment (CKD), 30 mg/kg valsartan (VAL), or 60 mg/kg LCZ696 (LCZ). After 8 weeks, cardiovascular parameters, including markers of inflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial abundance/function, hypertrophy, and fibrosis, were measured. Treatment with LCZ resulted in significant improvements in the heart-body weight ratio and serum concentrations of N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide and fibroblast growth factor 23 along with improvement of kidney function. In addition, LCZ ameliorated aortic fibrosis and cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis, reduced markers of cardiac oxidative stress and inflammation, and improved indicators of mitochondrial mass/function. Although VAL also improved some of these indices, treatment with LCZ was more effective than VAL alone. CONCLUSIONS CKD-associated cardiovascular abnormalities, including myocardial hypertrophy, fibrosis, inflammation, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial depletion/dysfunction, were more effectively attenuated by LCZ treatment than by VAL alone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasunori Suematsu
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California; Nephrology Section, Long Beach VA Healthcare System, California
| | - Wanghui Jing
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California; School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Ane Nunes
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Moti L Kashyap
- Cardiology Section, Long Beach VA Healthcare System, California
| | - Mahyar Khazaeli
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Nosratola D Vaziri
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California.
| | - Hamid Moradi
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California; Nephrology Section, Long Beach VA Healthcare System, California.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Pascual‐Figal D, Wachter R, Senni M, Belohlavek J, Noè A, Carr D, Butylin D. Rationale and design of TRANSITION: a randomized trial of pre-discharge vs. post-discharge initiation of sacubitril/valsartan. ESC Heart Fail 2018; 5:327-336. [PMID: 29239515 PMCID: PMC5880658 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.12246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The prognosis after hospitalization for acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) remains poor, especially <30 days post-discharge. Evidence-based medications with prognostic impact administered at discharge improve survival and hospital readmission, but robust studies comparing pre-discharge with post-discharge initiation are rare. The PARADIGM-HF trial established sacubitril/valsartan as a new evidence-based therapy in patients with heart failure (HF) and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (<40%) (rEF). In common with other landmark studies, it enrolled patients who were ambulatory at the time of inclusion. In addition, there is also still limited knowledge of initiation and up-titration of sacubitril/valsartan in ACEi/ARB- naïve patients and in de novo HF with rEF patients. METHODS AND RESULTS TRANSITION is a multicentre, open-label study in which ~1000 adults hospitalized for ADHF with rEF are randomized to start sacubitril/valsartan in a pre-discharge arm (initiated ≥24 h after haemodynamic stabilization) or a post-discharge arm (initiated within Days 1-14 after discharge). The protocol allows investigators to select the appropriate starting dose and dose adjustments according to clinical circumstances. Over a 10 week treatment period, the primary and secondary objectives assess the feasibility and safety of starting sacubitril/valsartan in-hospital, early after haemodynamic stabilization. Exploratory objectives also include assessment of HF signs and symptoms, readmissions, N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide and high-sensitivity troponin T levels, and health resource utilization parameters. CONCLUSIONS TRANSITION will provide new evidence about initiating sacubitril/valsartan following hospitalization for ADHF, occurring either as de novo ADHF or as deterioration of chronic HF, and in patients with or without prior ACEI/ARB therapy. The results of TRANSITION will thus be highly relevant to the management of patients hospitalized for ADHF with rEF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Domingo Pascual‐Figal
- Heart Failure and Heart Transplantation Unit, Cardiology DepartmentVirgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, Universidad de MurciaCtra. Madrid‐Cartagena s/n30120MurciaSpain
| | - Rolf Wachter
- Clinic and Policlinic for CardiologyUniversity Hospital LeipzigGermany
| | - Michele Senni
- Cardiology Division, Cardiovascular DepartmentHospital Papa Giovanni XXIII—BergamoBergamoItaly
| | - Jan Belohlavek
- Complex Cardiovascular Centre, General Teaching HospitalCharles UniversityPragueCzech Republic
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Dargad RR, Prajapati MR, Dargad RR, Parekh JD. Sacubitril/valsartan: A novel angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor. Indian Heart J 2018; 70 Suppl 1:S102-10. [PMID: 30122239 DOI: 10.1016/j.ihj.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the efficacy, superiority and safety profile of the first-in-class angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor "Sacubitril/Valsartan" as compared to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) and angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) in heart failure (HF) patients, reviewing data available from both clinical and pre-clinical studies. Evidences on health care utilization outcomes such as hospitalizations and emergency department visits were also evaluated. MATERIAL (DATA SOURCE) Sources: Medical literature on 'Sacubitril/Valsartan' and 'Angiotensin Receptor-Neprilysin Inhibitor' was identified by searching databases (including, but not limited to, PubMed, Embase and HighWire) for articles published since 1991, bibliographies from published literature, clinical trial registries/databases and websites (including those of regional regulatory agencies and the manufacturer). Additional information (including contributory unpublished data) was also requested from the companies developing the drug. SEARCH STRATEGY We conducted separate searches for each of the interventions of interest. The timeframe for both searches spanned the period from January 1991 to the most recently published data available and focused on PubMed, Embase and HighWire indexed articles. The search strategies included a combination of indexing terms as well as free-text terms included separately in 'Keywords' section. To supplement the above searches and ensure optimal and complete literature retrieval, we performed a manual check of the references of recent relevant reviews and meta-analysis. Searches were last updated on 12th July 2017. SELECTION Studies in patients with hypertension who received sacubitril/valsartan combination drug were included. Inclusion of studies was based mainly on the methods section of the trials. When available, large, well-controlled trials with appropriate statistical methodology was preferred. Relevant pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics data was also included. DATA EVALUATION Many clinical trials have been conducted comparing the efficacy of sacubitril/valsartan with other anti-hypertensives. The trials have shown sacubitril/valsartan to be more effective in improving symptoms and physical limitations, reducing the risk of cardiovascular (CV) death, HF hospitalization, and the overall mortality and morbidity compared to its counterparts. CONCLUSION Effective reduction of blood pressure to accepted goals is the key to reduce the risk of CV events and stroke. Dual inhibition of neprilysin and the angiotensin receptor with sacubitril/valsartan may represent an attractive and serendipitous therapeutic approach for a range of CV diseases, including hypertension and HF, in which vasoconstriction, volume overload and neuro-hormonal activation play a part in pathophysiology. Sacubitril/Valsartan appears to be more efficacious in reducing blood pressure than currently available ACEi and ARBs with a similar safety and tolerability profile. Besides, pleiotropic benefits like HbA1c reduction, better eGFR progression and a greater decrease in blood pressure and serum creatinine levels make this drug a novel addition to the current hypertension armamentarium.
Collapse
|
44
|
Jing W, Vaziri ND, Nunes A, Suematsu Y, Farzaneh T, Khazaeli M, Moradi H. LCZ696 (Sacubitril/valsartan) ameliorates oxidative stress, inflammation, fibrosis and improves renal function beyond angiotensin receptor blockade in CKD. Am J Transl Res 2017; 9:5473-5484. [PMID: 29312499 PMCID: PMC5752897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Progressive deterioration of kidney function in chronic kidney disease (CKD) is mediated by hypertension, oxidative stress, inflammation, and fibrosis. Renin-angiotensin blockade is commonly used to retard CKD progression. In addition, vasoactive peptides have been shown to reduce blood pressure and exert antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects. We hypothesized that administration of LCZ696 (sacubitril/valsartan) is more effective than valsartan alone in slowing progression of CKD. Male Sprague Dawley rats underwent sham surgery or 5/6 nephrectomy and after two weeks the CKD animals were randomized to no treatment, valsartan (30 mg/kg), or LCZ696 (60 mg/kg) daily by gavage. Serum, urine and kidney tissue analyses were performed after 8 weeks. The untreated CKD rats exhibited hypertension, proteinuria, tubular and glomerular damage, upregulation of pro-inflammatory, pro-oxidant and pro-fibrotic pathways; reduction in nuclear translocation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and its key target products. LCZ696 administration improved renal function and histology and attenuated most of the molecular markers of oxidative stress, inflammation and fibrosis. Furthermore, LCZ696 was more effective than valsartan therapy alone in delaying the progression of kidney disease. Future clinical trials are needed to determine the safety and efficacy of this agent in treatment of patients with CKD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wanghui Jing
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of CaliforniaIrvine, CA, USA
- School of Pharmacy, Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an, PR China
| | - Nosratola D Vaziri
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of CaliforniaIrvine, CA, USA
| | - Ane Nunes
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of CaliforniaIrvine, CA, USA
| | - Yasunori Suematsu
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of CaliforniaIrvine, CA, USA
| | - Ted Farzaneh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of CaliforniaIrvine, USA
| | - Mahyar Khazaeli
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of CaliforniaIrvine, CA, USA
| | - Hamid Moradi
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of CaliforniaIrvine, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Section, Long Beach Veteran Affairs Health SystemLong Beach, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Clerico A, Zaninotto M, Passino C, Plebani M. New issues on measurement of B-type natriuretic peptides. Clin Chem Lab Med 2017; 56:32-39. [PMID: 28809748 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2017-0433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The measurement of the active hormone of B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) system actually has several analytical limitations and difficulties in clinical interpretations compared to that of inactive peptide N-terminal proBNP (NT-proBNP) because of the different biochemical and pathophysiological characteristics of two peptides and quality specifications of commercial immunoassay methods used for their measurement. Because of the better analytical characteristics of NT-proBNP immunoassays and the easier pathophysiological and clinical interpretations of variations of NT-proBNP levels in patients with heart failure (HF), some authors claimed to measure the inactive peptide NT-proBNP instead of the active hormone BNP for management of HF patients. The measurement of the active peptide hormone BNP gives different, but complementary, pathophysiological and clinical information compared to inactive NT-proBNP. In particular, the setup of new more sensitive and specific assays for the biologically active peptide BNP1-32 should give better accurate information on circulating natriuretic activity. In conclusion, at present time, clinicians should accurately consider both the clinical setting of patients and the analytical characteristics of BNP and NT-proBNP immunoassays in order to correctly interpret the variations of natriuretic peptides measured by commercially available laboratory methods, especially in patients treated with the new drug class of angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitors.
Collapse
|
46
|
Abstract
Mortality from heart failure remains high despite advances in medical therapy over the last three decades. Angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor (ARNI) combinations are the latest addition to the heart failure medical armamentarium, which is built on the cornerstone regimen of beta blockers, angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers, and aldosterone antagonists. Recent trial data have shown a significant mortality benefit from ARNIs, which, as of May 2016, have now received a class I recommendation for use in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction from the major American and European cardiology societies.
Collapse
|
47
|
Abstract
With an estimated prevalence of 5.8 million in the USA and over 23 million people worldwide, heart failure (HF) is growing in epidemic proportions. Despite the use of guideline-directed medical therapies such as angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, beta-adrenergic blockers, angiotensin receptor blockers, and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists for chronic systolic HF for almost two decades, HF remains a leading cause of morbidity, mortality, and health care expenditures. The Prospective Comparison of Angiotensin Receptor-Neprilysin Inhibitor with Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor to Determine Impact on Global Mortality and Morbidity in Heart Failure (PARADIGM-HF) trial provided compelling evidence for the cardiovascular and mortality benefit of sacubitril/valsartan when compared to enalapril in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). Sacubitril/valsartan performed better than enalapril across various HFrEF patient characteristics and showed substantial benefit in patients with other common comorbidities. Following the trial, the US Food and Drug Administration approved this drug for the treatment of HF. Various international HF consensus guidelines endorse sacubitril/valsartan as a class I recommendation for the management of symptomatic HFrEF. Although this high-quality clinical study is the largest and the most globally represented trial in HFrEF patients, concerns have been raised regarding the generalizability of the trial results in real-world HF population. The gaps in US Food and Drug Administration labeling and guideline recommendations might lead to this medication being used in a larger population than it was studied in. In this review, we will discuss the current role of sacubitril/valsartan in the management of HF, concerns related to PARADIGM-HF and answers, shortcomings of this novel drug, effects on patient characteristics, real-world eligibility, and the role of ongoing and further investigations to clarify the profile of sacubitril/valsartan in the management of HF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Srikanth Yandrapalli
- Department of Internal Medicine, New York Medical College at Westchester Medical Center, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | - Gabriela Andries
- Department of Internal Medicine, New York Medical College at Westchester Medical Center, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | - Medha Biswas
- Division of Cardiology, New York Medical College at Westchester Medical Center, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | - Sahil Khera
- Division of Cardiology, New York Medical College at Westchester Medical Center, Valhalla, NY, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Yandrapalli S, Aronow WS, Mondal P, Chabbott DR. The evolution of natriuretic peptide augmentation in management of heart failure and the role of sacubitril/valsartan. Arch Med Sci 2017; 13:1207-1216. [PMID: 28883863 PMCID: PMC5575222 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2017.68813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is one of the leading causes of morbidity, mortality, and health care expenditures in the US and worldwide. For three decades, the pillars of treatment of HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) were medications that targeted the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). Prior attempts to augment the natriuretic peptide system (NPS) for the management of HF failed either due to lack of significant clinical benefit or due to the unacceptable side effect profile. This review article will discuss the NPS, the failure of early drugs which targeted the NPS as therapies for HF, and the sequence of events which led to the development of sacubitril plus valsartan (Entresto; LCZ696; Novartis). LCZ696 has been shown to be superior to the standard of care available for treatment of HFrEF in several substantial hard endpoints including heart failure hospitalizations, cardiovascular mortality, and all-cause mortality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Srikanth Yandrapalli
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Westchester Medical Center/New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | - Wilbert S Aronow
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Westchester Medical Center/New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | - Pratik Mondal
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Westchester Medical Center/New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | - David R Chabbott
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Westchester Medical Center/New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Abstract
The main stay pharmacotherapy for heart failure (HF) is targeted towards rennin-angiotensin-aldosterone (RAAS) and neprilysin pathways (NP). Both therapeutic strategies decreases morbidity and mortality but also carry considerable adverse effects. This review of the literature highlights the new generation of HF drug, sacubitril-valsartan (SV), trade name Entresto (researched as LCZ696, Novartis) which simultaneously blocks RAAS and NP. This dual action of angiotensin receptors blocker and neprilysin inhibitor (NPi) has improved HF prognosis and it is an evolution in the management of HF. Although the initial follow-up of patients treated with SV has yielded promising results, there are concerns regarding potential side effects especially an increase in the risk of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and young onset of AD. NPi interferes with the breakdown and clearing of beta-amyloid peptides, the plaques seen in AD, raising concern for AD in SV patients. On the other hand, hypertension and cardiovascular diseases are established risk factors for AD which can be decreased by SV therapy. It is therefore essential that SV treated patients are followed up over an extended period of time to detect any adverse cognitive changes.
Collapse
|
50
|
Ushijima K, Ando H, Arakawa Y, Aizawa K, Suzuki C, Shimada K, Tsuruoka S, Fujimura A. Prevention against renal damage in rats with subtotal nephrectomy by sacubitril/valsartan ( LCZ696), a dual-acting angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2017; 5. [PMID: 28805977 PMCID: PMC5684857 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Although patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are at increased risk for end‐stage renal disease and cardiovascular events, adequate drug therapies for preventing the deterioration of these conditions are still not established. This study was undertaken to evaluate a preventive effect of an angiotensin receptor‐neprilysin inhibitor sacubitril/valsartan (LCZ696), which is converted to sacubitril and valsartan in the body, against the progression of renal disease in rats with subtotal nephrectomy, an animal model of human CKD. Mean survival time after subtotal nephrectomy was about 100 days in Wistar rats with vehicle. LCZ696‐(30 mg/kg) and valsartan‐(15 mg/kg) prolonged the survival of these animals, and the effect of LCZ696 on survival was significantly greater than that of valsartan. Renoprotective effects of LCZ696 judged by serum creatinine and urinary protein excretions were larger than those of valsartan. Cardioprotective effects judged by cardiac left ventricular mass, fractional shortening, and fibrosis of LCZ696 and valsartan were not detected under the present condition. Thus, the renoprotective effect of LCZ696 was stronger than that of valsartan in rats with subtotal nephrectomy. This study provides the idea that, compared to valsartan, LCZ696 is more effective for the treatment of human CKD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Ushijima
- Division of Clinical PharmacologyDepartment of PharmacologyJichi Medical UniversityShimotsukeTochigiJapan
| | - Hitoshi Ando
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Function AnalysisKanazawa UniversityKanazawaIshikawaJapan
| | - Yusuke Arakawa
- Division of NephrologyDepartment of Internal MedicineNippon Medical UniversityBunkyo‐kuTokyoJapan
| | - Kenichi Aizawa
- Division of Clinical PharmacologyDepartment of PharmacologyJichi Medical UniversityShimotsukeTochigiJapan
| | - Chisato Suzuki
- Department of Pharmaceutics & Drug Delivery SystemsTokyo University of SciencesNoda, ChibaJapan
| | - Ken Shimada
- Department of Pharmaceutics & Drug Delivery SystemsTokyo University of SciencesNoda, ChibaJapan
| | - Shu‐ichi Tsuruoka
- Division of NephrologyDepartment of Internal MedicineNippon Medical UniversityBunkyo‐kuTokyoJapan
| | - Akio Fujimura
- Division of Clinical PharmacologyDepartment of PharmacologyJichi Medical UniversityShimotsukeTochigiJapan
| |
Collapse
|