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de Barros RAM, Torrecilhas AC, Marciano MAM, Mazuz ML, Pereira-Chioccola VL, Fux B. Toxoplasmosis in Human and Animals Around the World. Diagnosis and Perspectives in the One Health Approach. Acta Trop 2022; 231:106432. [PMID: 35390311 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2022.106432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Toxoplasmosis is a unique health disease that significantly affects the health of humans, domestic animals, wildlife and is present in ecosystems, including water, soil and food. Toxoplasma gondii is one of the best-adapted parasites in the word. This parasite is able to persist for long periods in its hosts, in different geographic regions of the word. This review summarizes the current literature of these themes, focusing on: (1) toxoplasmosis, a zoonotic infection; (2) One health approach and toxoplasmosis; (3) human toxoplasmosis; (4) animal toxoplasmosis; (5) toxoplasmosis diagnosis, as immunological, parasitological and molecular diagnosis; (6) T. gondii outbreaks caused by infected meat, milk and dairy products, as well as, vegetables and water consume; (7) studies in experimental models; (8) genetic characterization of T. gondii strains; (9) extracellular vesicles and miRNA; and (10) future perspectives on T. gondii and toxoplasmosis. The vast prevalence of toxoplasmosis in both humans and animals and the dispersion and resistence of T. gondii parasites in environment highlight the importance of the one health approach in diagnostic and control of the disease. Here the different aspects of the one health approach are presented and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosangela Aparecida Müller de Barros
- Unidade de Medicina Tropical, Departamento de Patologia, Universidade Federal do Espirito Santo, Vitoria, ES, Brazil.; Programa em Doenças Infecciosas, Centro de Doenças Infecciosas, Universidade Federal do Espirito Santo, Vitoria, ES, Brazil..
| | - Ana Claudia Torrecilhas
- Laboratório de Imunologia Celular e Bioquímica de Fungos e Protozoários, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Campus Diadema, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil..
| | | | - Monica Leszkowicz Mazuz
- Parasitology Division, Kimron Veterinary Institute, Israeli Veterinary Service and Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development Beit Dagan, 5025000, Israel..
| | | | - Blima Fux
- Unidade de Medicina Tropical, Departamento de Patologia, Universidade Federal do Espirito Santo, Vitoria, ES, Brazil.; Programa em Doenças Infecciosas, Centro de Doenças Infecciosas, Universidade Federal do Espirito Santo, Vitoria, ES, Brazil..
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Costa IN, Bosqui LR, Corral MA, Costa-Cruz JM, Gryschek RCB, de Paula FM. Diagnosis of human strongyloidiasis: Application in clinical practice. Acta Trop 2021; 223:106081. [PMID: 34364894 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2021.106081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
This review considers the advantages and disadvantages of parasitological techniques, methods of detecting antibodies and antigens, as well as molecular biology techniques in the diagnosis of human strongyloidiasis. In addition, it elucidates the potential of different techniques for rapid and effective detection of clinical cases, thus enabling early treatment and preventing fatal consequences of this helminthiasis.
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do Vale INPC, Saliba JW, Fonseca GSF, Peruhype-Magalhães V, de Araújo FF, Pascoal-Xavier MA, Teixeira-Carvalho A, Campos FMF, Andrade MC, Lula JF, Reis AB, Lemos EM, de Carvalho SFG, Oliveira E, Martins-Filho OA. Laboratorial algorithm for serological diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis using rK39-ICT, DAT-LPC and FC-Simplex IgG1. J Immunol Methods 2020; 480:112765. [PMID: 32119888 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2020.112765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The performance of distinct serological tests (rK39-ICT, IFAT, DAT-LPC, FC-Simplex IgG1) was assessed and a laboratorial algorithm was proposed for accurate diagnosis of VL. DAT-LPC and FC-Simplex IgG1 showed outstanding accuracy (AUC = 0.93) to identify VL patients. The use of a sequential serological algorithm (rK39-ICT screening followed by DAT-LPC or FC-Simplex IgG1) improved the global accuracy for VL (97.2%) diagnosis. An alternative approach for diagnosis of VL has been also assessed for interchangeable use of serum/whole blood lysate samples in DAT-LPC and FC-Simplex IgG1. Our data showed an outstanding agreement for the results obtained with whole blood lysate samples as compared to serum samples (DAT-LPC =100%; FC-Simplex IgG1 = 99%). Together, these findings provide insights to improve the current overall accuracy of VL diagnosis and present innovative laboratorial tests and alternative samples from use in public health services.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Juliana Wilke Saliba
- Instituto René Rachou - Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - FIOCRUZ-Minas, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Edward Oliveira
- Instituto René Rachou - Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - FIOCRUZ-Minas, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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Nunes PCG, de Filippis AMB, Lima MQDR, Faria NRDC, de Bruycker-Nogueira F, Santos JB, Heringer M, Chouin-Carneiro T, Couto-Lima D, de Santis Gonçalves B, Sampaio SA, de Araújo ESM, Sánchez-Arcila JC, dos Santos FB, Nogueira RMR. 30 years of dengue fatal cases in Brazil: a laboratorial-based investigation of 1047 cases. BMC Infect Dis 2018; 18:346. [PMID: 30053833 PMCID: PMC6062978 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-018-3255-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dengue viruses (DENV) have emerged and reemerged in Brazil in the past 30 years causing explosive epidemics. The disease may range from clinically asymptomatic infections to severe and fatal outcomes. We aimed to describe the epidemiological, clinical and laboratorial aspects of the dengue fatal cases received by a Regional Reference Laboratory, Brazil in 30 years. METHODS A total of 1047 suspected fatal dengue cases were received from 1986 to 2015 and analyzed in the Laboratory of Flavivirus, FIOCRUZ. Suspected cases were submitted to viral detection, serological and molecular methods for cases confirmation. Influence of gender, age, serotype and type of infection (primary/secondary) on death outcome, as well the interactions between serotype and age or infection and age and type of infection were also studied. RESULTS A total of 359 cases (34.2%) were confirmed and DENV-1 (11.1%), DENV-2 (43.9%), DENV-3 (32.8%) and DENV-4 (13.7%) were detected. Overall, fatal cases occurred more often in primary infections (59.3%, p = 0.001). However, in 2008, fatal cases were mainly associated to secondary infections (p = 0.003). In 2008 and 2011, deaths were more frequent on children and those infected by DENV-2 presented a higher risk for fatal outcome. Moreover, children with secondary infections had a 4-fold higher risk for death. CONCLUSIONS Dengue is a multifactorial disease and, factors such as viral strain/serotype, occurrence of secondary infections and co-morbidities may lead to a severe outcome. However, the high dengue incidence and transmission during epidemics, such as those observed in Brazil may overwhelm and collapse the public health services, potentially impacting on increased disease severity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Conrado Guerra Nunes
- Viral Immunology Laboratory (LIV), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, IOC, FIOCRUZ, Avenida Brasil, 4365. Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Flavivirus Laboratory (LABFLA), Oswaldo Cruz Institute- FIOCRUZ, Avenida Brasil, 4365. Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria Bispo de Filippis
- Flavivirus Laboratory (LABFLA), Oswaldo Cruz Institute- FIOCRUZ, Avenida Brasil, 4365. Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Monique Queiroz da Rocha Lima
- Viral Immunology Laboratory (LIV), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, IOC, FIOCRUZ, Avenida Brasil, 4365. Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Nieli Rodrigues da Costa Faria
- Flavivirus Laboratory (LABFLA), Oswaldo Cruz Institute- FIOCRUZ, Avenida Brasil, 4365. Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fernanda de Bruycker-Nogueira
- Viral Immunology Laboratory (LIV), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, IOC, FIOCRUZ, Avenida Brasil, 4365. Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline Bastos Santos
- Flavivirus Laboratory (LABFLA), Oswaldo Cruz Institute- FIOCRUZ, Avenida Brasil, 4365. Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Manoela Heringer
- Viral Immunology Laboratory (LIV), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, IOC, FIOCRUZ, Avenida Brasil, 4365. Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Thaís Chouin-Carneiro
- Viral Immunology Laboratory (LIV), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, IOC, FIOCRUZ, Avenida Brasil, 4365. Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Hematozoa Transmittors Mosquitoes Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute- FIOCRUZ, Avenida Brasil, 4365. Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Dinair Couto-Lima
- Hematozoa Transmittors Mosquitoes Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute- FIOCRUZ, Avenida Brasil, 4365. Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Bianca de Santis Gonçalves
- Flavivirus Laboratory (LABFLA), Oswaldo Cruz Institute- FIOCRUZ, Avenida Brasil, 4365. Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Simone Alves Sampaio
- Flavivirus Laboratory (LABFLA), Oswaldo Cruz Institute- FIOCRUZ, Avenida Brasil, 4365. Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Juan Camilo Sánchez-Arcila
- Viral Immunology Laboratory (LIV), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, IOC, FIOCRUZ, Avenida Brasil, 4365. Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Flávia Barreto dos Santos
- Viral Immunology Laboratory (LIV), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, IOC, FIOCRUZ, Avenida Brasil, 4365. Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rita Maria Ribeiro Nogueira
- Flavivirus Laboratory (LABFLA), Oswaldo Cruz Institute- FIOCRUZ, Avenida Brasil, 4365. Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Heringer M, Souza TMA, Lima MDRQ, Nunes PCG, Faria NRDC, de Bruycker-Nogueira F, Chouin-Carneiro T, Nogueira RMR, Dos Santos FB. Dengue type 4 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: case characterization following its introduction in an endemic region. BMC Infect Dis 2017; 17:410. [PMID: 28599640 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-017-2488-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to the populations' susceptibility, DENV-4 introduction in 2010 led to the occurrence of explosive epidemics in the following years in Brazil. In 2011, DENV-4 was identified in Rio de Janeiro (RJ) and it was prevalent in 2012 and 2013. Here, we aimed to characterize clinical, epidemiological and laboratorial aspects of DENV-4 cases after this serotype introduction in an endemic scenario. METHODS Dengue suspected cases (n = 3727) were received and analyzed from January 2011 to December 2013, during outbreaks occurred in RJ, Brazil. Samples were submitted to virological, serological and molecular methods for case confirmation. DENV-4 cases (n = 705) were characterized according to the type of infection, disease severity and, viremia levels and NS1 antigenemia were accessed. Representative strains were partial sequenced for genotyping. RESULTS DENV-4 was identified in 44.2% (705/1593) of dengue positive cases, virus isolated in 48.7% of the cases. Anti-DENV IgM was detected in 39.4% of the cases, however an increased detection was observed in cases with ≥4 days of symptoms (57.0%). NS1 antigen was identified in 41.5% of DENV-4 cases however, after immune complexes dissociation, the detection significantly increased (87.6%). Females were more affected than males, so did children aged 11-15 years old. Primary cases were more frequently observed than secondary ones and most of them were classified as dengue. No differences on NS1 antigenemia and viraemia within the groups were observed. Despite the higher frequency of severe disease on individuals >65 years old, no differences were observed among the groups and type of infection. However, DENV-4 fatal cases were more frequent on secondary infections (57.1%). DENV-4 Genotype II was identified with a probable origin from Venezuela and Colombia. CONCLUSIONS It has been shown that laboratorial diagnosis is still a reliable tool for the disease surveillance, detecting and confirming emerging epidemics. Despite the occurrence of secondary infections, most DENV-4 cases presented a mild disease. As RJ is endemic for dengue, high rates of secondary infections would be expected. Despite the existence of two genotypes, only Genotype II was identified in our study.
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