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Yao C, Zuo J, Wu P, Liu J, Pan J, Zhu E, Feng H, Zhang K, Qian Z. Molecular engineering of fluorescent dyes for long-term specific visualization of the plasma membrane based on alkyl-chain-regulated cell permeability. Talanta 2024; 275:126105. [PMID: 38640520 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.126105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Long-term visualization of changes in plasma membrane dynamics during important physiological processes can provide intuitive and reliable information in a 4D mode. However, molecular tools that can visualize plasma membranes over extended periods are lacking due to the absence of effective design rules that can specifically track plasma membrane fluorescent dye molecules over time. Using plant plasma membranes as a model, we systematically investigated the effects of different alkyl chain lengths of FMR dye molecules on their performance in imaging plasma membranes. Our findings indicate that alkyl chain length can effectively regulate the permeability of dye molecules across plasma membranes. The study confirms that introducing medium-length alkyl chains improves the ability of dye molecules to target and anchor to plasma membranes, allowing for long-term imaging of plasma membranes. This provides useful design rules for creating dye molecules that enable long-term visualization of plasma membranes. Using the amphiphilic amino-styryl-pyridine fluorescent skeleton, we discovered that the inclusion of short alkyl chains facilitated rapid crossing of the plasma membrane by the dye molecules, resulting in staining of the cell nucleus and indicating improved cell permeability. Conversely, the inclusion of long alkyl chains hindered the crossing of the cell wall by the dye molecules, preventing staining of the cell membrane and demonstrating membrane impermeability to plant cells. The FMR dyes with medium-length alkyl chains rapidly crossed the cell wall, uniformly stained the cell membrane, and anchored to it for a long period without being transmembrane. This allowed for visualization and tracking of the morphological dynamics of the cell plasma membrane during water loss in a 4D mode. This suggests that the introduction of medium-length alkyl chains into amphiphilic fluorescent dyes can transform them from membrane-permeable fluorescent dyes to membrane-staining fluorescent dyes suitable for long-term imaging of the plasma membrane. In addition, we have successfully converted a membrane-impermeable fluorescent dye molecule into a membrane-staining fluorescent dye by introducing medium-length alkyl chains into the molecule. This molecular engineering of dye molecules with alkyl chains to regulate cell permeability provides a simple and effective design rule for long-term visualization of the plasma membrane, and a convenient and feasible means of chemical modification for efficient transmembrane transport of small molecule drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuangye Yao
- Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaqi Zuo
- Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, People's Republic of China
| | - Penglei Wu
- Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, People's Republic of China
| | - Junjun Pan
- Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, People's Republic of China
| | - Engao Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Feng
- Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, People's Republic of China
| | - Kewei Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhaosheng Qian
- Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, People's Republic of China.
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Abstract
Live-cell imaging is widely used by researchers to study cellular dynamics and obtain a deep understanding of cell biological processes. Keeping cells in the proper growing environment and immobilizing the cells are essential for the imaging of live yeast cells. Here we describe a protocol for monitoring cytoophidia in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Schizosaccharomyces pombe using inverted confocal fluorescence microscopy. This protocol includes yeast culture, sample preparation, fluorescence imaging, and data analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Li
- School of Systems Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ji-Long Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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Madison I, Melvin C, Buckner E, Williams C, Sozzani R, Long T. MAGIC: Live imaging of cellular division in plant seedlings using lightsheet microscopy. Methods Cell Biol 2020; 160:405-418. [PMID: 32896331 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2020.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Imaging technologies have been used to understand plant genetic and developmental processes, from the dynamics of gene expression to tissue and organ morphogenesis. Although the field has advanced incredibly in recent years, gaps remain in identifying fine and dynamic spatiotemporal intervals of target processes, such as changes to gene expression in response to abiotic stresses. Lightsheet microscopy is a valuable tool for such studies due to its ability to perform long-term imaging at fine intervals of time and at low photo-toxicity of live vertically oriented seedlings. In this chapter, we describe a detailed method for preparing and imaging Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings for lightsheet microscopy via a Multi-Sample Imaging Growth Chamber (MAGIC), which allows simultaneous imaging of at least four samples. This method opens new avenues for acquiring imaging data at a high temporal resolution, which can be eventually probed to identify key regulatory time points and any spatial dependencies of target developmental processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imani Madison
- Plant and Microbial Biology Department, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Charles Melvin
- Plant and Microbial Biology Department, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Eli Buckner
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Cranos Williams
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Rosangela Sozzani
- Plant and Microbial Biology Department, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States.
| | - Terri Long
- Plant and Microbial Biology Department, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States.
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Chang S, Chen BB, Lv J, Fodjo EK, Qian RC, Li DW. Label-free chlorine and nitrogen-doped fluorescent carbon dots for target imaging of lysosomes in living cells. Mikrochim Acta 2020; 187:435. [PMID: 32647994 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-020-04412-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Lysosomes with a single-layered membrane structure are mainly involved in the scavenging of foreign substances and play an important role in maintaining normal physiological functions of living cells. In this work, near-neutrally charged fluorescent carbon dots (CDs) were prepared with lipophilicity through a facile one-pot hydrothermal carbonization of chloranil and triethylenetetramine at 160 °C for 3 h. The as-obtained CDs are proved to have good photostability, low cost, and excellent biocompatibility. Importantly, the as-prepared CDs with high quantum yield of 30.8% show excitation-dependent emission with great stability, and thus, they can be well used for the long-term target imaging of lysosomes in living cells without further modification. Meanwhile, the CDs can quickly enter into the lysosomes within 30 min, and the green fluorescence (FL) of CDs reaches the plateau when incubated for 60 min. By comparing the fluorescent intensity, the information about distribution and amount of lysosomes in different cells can be obtained. The proposed CD-based strategy demonstrates great promise for label-free target imaging of lysosomes in living cells. Graphical abstract The near-neutral carbon dots (CDs) with lipophilicity are used as label-free fluorescent nanoprobes for the long-term imaging of lysosomes in living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Chang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Joint International Laboratory for Precision Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology & Dynamic Chemistry, and School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Bin Chen
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Joint International Laboratory for Precision Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology & Dynamic Chemistry, and School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Lv
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Joint International Laboratory for Precision Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology & Dynamic Chemistry, and School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Essy Kouadio Fodjo
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Joint International Laboratory for Precision Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology & Dynamic Chemistry, and School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruo Can Qian
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Joint International Laboratory for Precision Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology & Dynamic Chemistry, and School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China.
| | - Da Wei Li
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Joint International Laboratory for Precision Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology & Dynamic Chemistry, and School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China.
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Abstract
Time-lapse fluorescence imaging of yeast cells allows the study of multiple fluorescent targets in single cells, but is often hampered by the tedious cultivation using agar pads or glass bottom wells. Here, we describe the fabrication and operation of a microfluidic device for long-term imaging of yeast cells under constant or changing media conditions. The device allows acquisition of high quality images as cells are fixed in a two-dimensional imaging plane. Four yeast strains can be analyzed simultaneously over several days while up to four different media can be flushed through the chip. The microfluidic device does not rely on specialized equipment for its operation. To illustrate the use of the chip in DNA damage research, we show how common readouts for DNA damage or genomic instability behave upon induction with genotoxic chemicals (MMS, HU) or induction of a single double-strand break using induced CRISPR-Cas9 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregor W Schmidt
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Frey
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Fabian Rudolf
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Basel, Switzerland.
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Pagès S, Cane M, Randall J, Capello L, Holtmaat A. Corrigendum: Single cell electroporation for longitudinal imaging of synaptic structure and function in the adult mouse neocortex in vivo. Front Neuroanat 2015; 9:56. [PMID: 26029058 PMCID: PMC4428137 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2015.00056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Pagès
- Department of Basic Neurosciences and the Center for Neuroscience, Centre Médical Universitaire Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Michele Cane
- Department of Basic Neurosciences and the Center for Neuroscience, Centre Médical Universitaire Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jérôme Randall
- Department of Basic Neurosciences and the Center for Neuroscience, Centre Médical Universitaire Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Luca Capello
- Itopie Informatique, Société Coopérative Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Anthony Holtmaat
- Department of Basic Neurosciences and the Center for Neuroscience, Centre Médical Universitaire Geneva, Switzerland
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