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He J, Li C, Tan X, Peng Z, Li H, Luo X, Tang L, Wei J, Tang C, Yang W, Jiang J, Xue S. Driving factors for distribution and transformation of heavy metals speciation in a zinc smelting site. J Hazard Mater 2024; 471:134413. [PMID: 38669935 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Heavy metal pollution at an abandoned smelter pose a significant risk to environmental health. However, remediation strategies are constrained by inadequate knowledge of the polymetallic distribution, speciation patterns, and transformation factors at these sites. This study investigates the influence of soil minerals, heavy metal occurrence forms, and environmental factors on heavy metal migration behaviors and speciation transformations. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that the minerals associated with heavy metals are mainly hematite, franklinite, sphalerite, and galena. Sequential extraction results suggest that lead and zinc are primarily present in the organic-sulfide fractions (F4) and residual form (F5) in the soil, accounting for over 70% of the total heavy metal content. Zinc displayed greater instability in carbonate-bound (16%) and exchangeable (2%) forms. The migration and diffusion patterns of heavy metals in the subsurface environment were visualized through the simulation of labile state heavy metals, demonstrating high congruence with groundwater pollution distribution patterns. The key environmental factors influencing heavy metal stable states (F4 and F5) were assessed by integrating random forest models and redundancy analysis. Primary factors facilitating Pb transformation into stable states were available phosphorus, clay content, depth, and soil organic matter. For Zn, the principal drivers were Mn oxides, soil organic matter, clay content, and inorganic sulfur ions. These findings enhance understanding of the distribution and transformation of heavy metal speciation and can provide valuable insights into controlling heavy metal pollution at non-ferrous smelting sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin He
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China
| | - Chuxuan Li
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China
| | - Xingyao Tan
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China
| | - Zhihong Peng
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China
| | - Haidong Li
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210042, PR China
| | - Xinghua Luo
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China
| | - Lu Tang
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China
| | - Jing Wei
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210042, PR China.
| | - Chongjian Tang
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China
| | - Weichun Yang
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China
| | - Jun Jiang
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China
| | - Shengguo Xue
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China.
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Sun J, Zhu S, Xing S, Kuzmenkova NV, Peng C, Lu Y, Rozhkova A, Petrov VG, Shi K, Kalmykov SN, Hou X. Level, distribution and sources of Np, Pu and Am isotopes in Peter the Great Bay of Japan sea. J Environ Radioact 2024; 274:107400. [PMID: 38387245 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2024.107400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Transuranium elements such as Np, Pu and Am, are considered to be the most important radioactive elements in view of their biological toxicity and environmental impact. Concentrations of 237Np, Pu isotopes and 241Am in two sediment cores collected from Peter the Great Bay of Japan Sea were determined using radiochemical separation combined with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) measurement. The 239,240Pu and 241Am concentrations in all sediment samples range from 0.01 Bq/kg to 2.02 Bq/kg and from 0.01 Bq/kg to 1.11 Bq/kg, respectively, which are comparable to reported values in the investigated area. The average atomic ratios of 240Pu/239Pu (0.20 ± 0.02 and 0.21 ± 0.01) and 241Am/239+240Pu activity ratios (3.32 ± 2.76 and 0.45 ± 0.17) in the two sediment cores indicated that the sources of Pu and Am in this area are global fallout and the Pacific Proving Grounds through the movement of prevailing ocean currents, and no measurable release of Np, Pu and Am from the local K-431 nuclear submarine incident was observed. The extremely low 237Np/239Pu atomic ratios ((2.0-2.5) × 10-4) in this area are mainly attributed to the discrepancy of their different chemical behaviors in the ocean due to the relatively higher solubility of 237Np compared to particle active plutonium isotopes. It was estimated using two end members model that 23% ± 6% of transuranium radionuclides originated from the Pacific Proving Grounds tests, and the rest (ca. 77%) from global fallout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Sun
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Shaodong Zhu
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Shan Xing
- Frontiers Science Center for Rare Isotopes, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 73000, China; School of Nuclear Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Natalia V Kuzmenkova
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Radiochemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Chenyang Peng
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yiman Lu
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Alexandra Rozhkova
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Radiochemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Vladimir G Petrov
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Radiochemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Keliang Shi
- Frontiers Science Center for Rare Isotopes, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 73000, China; School of Nuclear Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Stepan N Kalmykov
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Radiochemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Xiaolin Hou
- Frontiers Science Center for Rare Isotopes, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 73000, China; School of Nuclear Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
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