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Nagler J, Schriever SC, Romanov A, Vogt-Weisenhorn D, Wurst W, Pfluger PT, Schramm KW. Determination of morphine and norlaudanosoline in murine brain regions by dispersive liquid-liquid micro-extraction and liquid chromatograpy-electrochemical detection. Neurochem Int 2021; 150:105174. [PMID: 34474098 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2021.105174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Morphine can be synthesized endogenously by mammals from dopamine via the intermediate norlaudanosoline. Previously, both compounds have been detected separately in whole brains of mice and brain regions of rats, and in urine of humans. Here, we report a novel method for the analysis of both compounds in single murine brain regions. Initially, a variant of dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction was established by using methanol as an extractant, cyclohexane as solvent, and tributylphosphate as disperser. The extraction method was applied to murine brain regions homogenized with perchloric acid while the subsequent detection was carried out by HPLC with electrochemical detection. In the thalamus of C57Bl/6J mice (n = 3, male, age 4-8 months), morphine and norlaudanosoline could be detected at levels of 19 ± 3.9 and 7.2 ± 2.3 pg/mg, respectively. Overall, we provide a novel method for the simultaneous extraction and detection of both morphine and norlaudanosoline in single murine brain regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Nagler
- Helmholtz Center Munich-German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Molecular EXposomics (MEX), Ingolstädter Landstr.1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Sonja C Schriever
- Helmholtz Center Munich-German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Research Unit NeuroBioloy of Diabetes (NBD), Ingolstädter Landstr.1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Artem Romanov
- Helmholtz Center Munich-German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Institute of Developmental Genetics (IDG), Ingolstädter Landstr.1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Daniela Vogt-Weisenhorn
- Helmholtz Center Munich-German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Institute of Developmental Genetics (IDG), Ingolstädter Landstr.1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany; Technichal University Munich Weihenstephan, Developmental Genetics c/o Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg/Munich, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wurst
- Helmholtz Center Munich-German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Institute of Developmental Genetics (IDG), Ingolstädter Landstr.1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany; Technichal University Munich Weihenstephan, Developmental Genetics c/o Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg/Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Site Munich, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 17, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Paul T Pfluger
- Helmholtz Center Munich-German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Research Unit NeuroBioloy of Diabetes (NBD), Ingolstädter Landstr.1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Karl-Werner Schramm
- Helmholtz Center Munich-German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Molecular EXposomics (MEX), Ingolstädter Landstr.1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany; Technichal University Munich, Wissenschaftszentrum Weihenstephan für Ernährung, Landnutzung und Umwelt, Department für Biowissenschaftliche Grundlagen, Weihenstephaner Steig 23, 85350, Freising, Germany
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