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Chu Van T, Zare A, Jafari M, Bodisco TA, Surawski N, Verma P, Suara K, Ristovski Z, Rainey T, Stevanovic S, Brown RJ. Effect of cold start on engine performance and emissions from diesel engines using IMO-Compliant distillate fuels. Environ Pollut 2019; 255:113260. [PMID: 31622808 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Emissions from ships at berth are small compared to the total ship emissions; however, they are one of the main contributors to pollutants in the air of densely-populated areas, consequently heavily affecting public health. This is due to auxiliary marine engines being used to generate electric power and steam for heating and providing services. The present study has been conducted on an engine representative of a marine auxiliary, which was a heavy duty, six-cylinder, turbocharged and after-cooled engine with a high pressure common rail injection system. Engine performance and emission characterisations during cold start are the focus of this paper, since cold start is significantly influential. Three tested fuels were used, including the reference diesel and two IMO (International Maritime Organization) compliant spiked fuels. The research engine was operated at a constant speed and 25% load condition after 12 h cooled soak. Results show that during cold start, significant heat generated from combustion is used to heat the engine block, coolant and lubricant. During the first minute, compared to the second minute, emissions of particle number (PN), carbon monoxide (CO), particulate matter (PM), and nitrogen oxides (NOx) were approximately 10, 4, 2 and 1.5 times higher, respectively. The engine control unit (ECU) plays a vital role in reducing engine emissions by changing the engine injection strategy based on the engine coolant temperature. IMO-compliant fuels, which were higher viscosity fuels associated with high sulphur content, resulted in an engine emission increase during cold start. It should be taken into account that auxiliary marine diesel engines, working at partial load conditions during cold start, contribute considerably to emissions in coastal areas. It demonstrates a need to implement practical measures, such as engine pre-heating, to obtain both environmental and public health advantages in coastal areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuy Chu Van
- Biofuel Engine Research Facility (BERF), Queensland University of Technology, 2 George St, Brisbane City, Queensland 4000, Australia; Vietnam Maritime University, 484 Lach Tray St, Hai Phong City, 180000, Viet Nam.
| | - Ali Zare
- Flow, Aerosols & Thermal Energy (EATE) Group, School of Engineering, Deakin University, 75 Pigdons Road, Waurn Ponds, VIC 3216, Australia
| | - Mohammad Jafari
- International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health (ILAQH), Queensland University of Technology, 2 George St, Brisbane City, Queensland 4000, Australia
| | - Timothy A Bodisco
- Flow, Aerosols & Thermal Energy (EATE) Group, School of Engineering, Deakin University, 75 Pigdons Road, Waurn Ponds, VIC 3216, Australia
| | - Nicholas Surawski
- University of Technology Sydney, 81 Broadway, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Puneet Verma
- International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health (ILAQH), Queensland University of Technology, 2 George St, Brisbane City, Queensland 4000, Australia
| | - Kabir Suara
- Biofuel Engine Research Facility (BERF), Queensland University of Technology, 2 George St, Brisbane City, Queensland 4000, Australia
| | - Zoran Ristovski
- International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health (ILAQH), Queensland University of Technology, 2 George St, Brisbane City, Queensland 4000, Australia.
| | - Thomas Rainey
- Biofuel Engine Research Facility (BERF), Queensland University of Technology, 2 George St, Brisbane City, Queensland 4000, Australia
| | - Svetlana Stevanovic
- Flow, Aerosols & Thermal Energy (EATE) Group, School of Engineering, Deakin University, 75 Pigdons Road, Waurn Ponds, VIC 3216, Australia
| | - Richard J Brown
- Biofuel Engine Research Facility (BERF), Queensland University of Technology, 2 George St, Brisbane City, Queensland 4000, Australia.
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