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Brown SD, Garcia BL, Ritchie JL, Tsai AL, Millman A, Greenberg M, Quesenberry CP, Ferrara A. Digital health outreach to promote postpartum screening after gestational diabetes: A randomized factorial pilot study. PEC Innov 2024; 4:100256. [PMID: 38282680 PMCID: PMC10818066 DOI: 10.1016/j.pecinn.2024.100256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Objective We examined the acceptability and feasibility of a multi-component digital health outreach intervention to promote uptake of guideline-recommended postpartum screening for type 2 diabetes among patients with gestational diabetes (GDM). Methods We conducted a 24 randomized factorial experiment as part of the Multiphase Optimization Strategy (MOST) preparation phase for developing behavioral interventions. Participants with current or recent GDM in an integrated healthcare system were randomized to receive an outreach message with up to four intervention components, designed to be self-administered in about 10 min and efficiently delivered online via REDCap: a streamlined values affirmation, personalized information on diabetes risk, an interactive motivational interviewing-based component, and an interactive action planning component. Patient-reported acceptability and feasibility outcomes were assessed via survey. Results Among 162 participants, 72% self-identified with a racial/ethnic minority group. Across components, acceptability scores averaged 3.9/5; ≥91% of participants read most or all of the outreach message; ≥89% perceived the amount of information as "about right"; and ≥ 87% completed ≥1 interactive prompt. Conclusion Each intervention component was acceptable to diverse patients and feasible to deliver in a brief, self-directed, online format. Innovation These novel components target unaddressed barriers to patient engagement in guideline-recommended postpartum diabetes screening and adapt theory-based behavior change techniques for large-scale use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan D. Brown
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Brittany L. Garcia
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Jenna L. Ritchie
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Ai-Lin Tsai
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Andrea Millman
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Mara Greenberg
- Regional Perinatal Service Center, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA
| | | | - Assiamira Ferrara
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA
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McCosker LK, Ware RS, Seale H, Hooshmand D, O'Leary R, Downes MJ. The effect of a financial incentive on COVID-19 vaccination uptake, and predictors of uptake, in people experiencing homelessness: A randomized controlled trial. Vaccine 2024; 42:2578-2584. [PMID: 38485641 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
People who are homeless are at increased risk of COVID-19 infection, and of poorer associated outcomes. Delivering vaccinations to, and ensuring uptake of multiple doses in, people who are homeless is complex. Financial incentives may improve vaccination uptake, particularly in people who have not received routine vaccinations previously, though evidence about the effect of incentives is limited and variable. This randomized controlled trial (ANZCTR 383156) assessed the effect of a financial incentive (an A$10 grocery voucher) on uptake of the second COVID-19 vaccination in Australian adults who were homeless, and who had received their first dose. Participants were recruited through a vaccination program for people experiencing homelessness between September 2021 and January 2022. They were followed-up for a minimum of 6.5 months. Uptake was measured 'on-time' at 6 weeks, and at any time during the trial period. Vaccination status was checked on the Australian Immunisation Register. Demographic and vaccination program characteristics associated with uptake were also investigated. Eighty-six people consented to participate, and 43 were randomly allocated to each of the 'incentive' and 'no incentive' groups. The incentive slightly increased the likelihood of a participant receiving a second vaccination on-time (risk difference (RD), 11.6 % [95 %CI, -9.0, 32.2 %]; p = 0.27), and at any time during the trial (RD, 14.0 % [95 %CI, -2.2, 30.1 %], p = 0.09). The incentive had a significant positive effect on uptake in people with no previous vaccination history, increasing their likelihood of receiving a second vaccination on-time (RD, 42.3 % [95 %CI, 15.7, 68.8 %]; p = 0.002) and at any time during the trial (RD, 38.7 % [95 %CI, 16.1, 61.3 %], p < 0.001). Financial incentives may increase COVID-19 vaccination uptake in people who are homeless, and particularly those who have no previous vaccination history. Future research should consider alternative incentive values, types, and cost-effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura K McCosker
- Centre for Applied Health Economics, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; School of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Robert S Ware
- Centre for Applied Health Economics, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Holly Seale
- School of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Dona Hooshmand
- Ashben Medical Centre, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Ryan O'Leary
- Queensland Council of Social Service, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Gold Coast Homelessness Network, Australia.
| | - Martin J Downes
- Centre for Applied Health Economics, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
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Vanden Bossche D, Van Poel E, Vanden Bussche P, Petré B, Ponsar C, Decat P, Willems S. Outreach work in Belgian primary care practices during COVID-19: results from the cross-sectional PRICOV-19 study. BMC Prim Care 2024; 24:283. [PMID: 38570775 PMCID: PMC10988793 DOI: 10.1186/s12875-024-02323-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND General practitioners (GPs) have a vital role in reaching out to vulnerable populations during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Nonetheless, they experience many challenges to fulfill this role. This study aimed to examine associations between practice characteristics, patient population characteristics and the extent of deprivation of practice area on the one hand, and the level of outreach work performed by primary care practices (PCPs) during the COVID-19 pandemic on the other hand. METHODS Belgian data from the international PRICOV-19 study were analyzed. Data were collected between December 2020 and August 2021 using an online survey in PCPs. Practices were recruited through randomized and convenience sampling. Descriptive statistics and ordinal logistic regression analyses were performed. Four survey questions related to outreach work constitute the outcome variable. The adjusted models included four practice characteristics (practice type, being a teaching practice for GP trainees; the presence of a nurse or a nurse assistant and the presence of a social worker or health promotor), two patient population characteristics (social vulnerability and medical complexity) and an area deprivation index. RESULTS Data from 462 respondents were included. First, the factors significantly associated with outreach work in PCPs are the type of PCP (with GPs working in a group performing more outreach work), and the presence of a nurse (assistant), social worker or health promotor. Second, the extent of outreach work done by a PCP is significantly associated with the social vulnerability of the practice's patient population. This social vulnerability factor, affecting outreach work, differed with the level of medical complexity of the practice's patient population and with the level of deprivation of the municipality where the practice is situated. CONCLUSIONS In this study, outreach work in PCPs during the COVID-19 pandemic is facilitated by the group-type cooperation of GPs and by the support of at least one staff member of the disciplines of nursing, social work, or health promotion. These findings suggest that improving the effectiveness of outreach efforts in PCPs requires addressing organizational factors at the practice level. This applies in particular to PCPs having a more socially vulnerable patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorien Vanden Bossche
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Esther Van Poel
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
- Quality and Safety Ghent, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Pierre Vanden Bussche
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
- Quality and Safety Ghent, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Benoit Petré
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Cécile Ponsar
- Academic Center of Medicine, Institute of Health and Society, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Peter Decat
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sara Willems
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
- Quality and Safety Ghent, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Shuda JR, Butler VG, Nelson TM, Davidson JM, Taylor AM, Farber SA. Growing Project BioEYES: A Reflection on 20 Years of Developing and Replicating a K-12 Science Outreach Program. Zebrafish 2024; 21:109-118. [PMID: 38621216 PMCID: PMC11035853 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2023.0059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Project BioEYES celebrated 20 years in K12 schools during the 2022-2023 school year. Using live zebrafish (Danio rerio) during week-long science experiments, sparks the interest of students and teachers from school districts, locally and globally. Over the past two decades, BioEYES has been replicated in different ways based on the interest and capacity of our partners. This article discusses several of the successful models, the common challenges, and how each BioEYES site has adopted guiding principles to help foster their success. The core principles of (a) reinforcing content that students are expected to learn in schools, while focusing on the students BECOMING scientists through hands-on experimentation and (b) establishing trust and buy-in from collaborating teachers and partners are what has led to BioEYES being sustained and replicated over the past two decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie R. Shuda
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Valerie G. Butler
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Theresa M. Nelson
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jaqueline M. Davidson
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Steven A. Farber
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Schukow C, Johnson C, Martinez S, Mckinley K, Campbell K, Ahmed A. The impact of Pathology Outreach Program (POP) on United States and Canadian high school students. Acad Pathol 2024; 11:100112. [PMID: 38590794 PMCID: PMC10999372 DOI: 10.1016/j.acpath.2024.100112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Given recent trends in National Resident Matching Program (NRMP) data, there exists a looming deficit of practicing pathologists. As such, the Pathology Outreach Program (POP) was established in 2018 in the United States, and in 2022 in Canada, to educate high school students about pathology and laboratory medicine to help curb this projected shortage. We present survey data gathered from several educational sessions hosted at high schools in the United States (U.S.) and Canada over a 5-year period comparing participants' perceptions and awareness of pathology both before and after each session. Using this data, we wish to highlight the positive impact of POP on increasing students' awareness and appreciation for careers in pathology or laboratory medicine. This data will also highlight the additional work that must be done to further boost public knowledge of laboratory medicine's contributions to patient care. We hope this project will lay the foundation for further improvements to laboratory visibility and inspire additional outreach efforts to mitigate a future workforce shortage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey Schukow
- Department of Pathology, Corewell Health, Royal Oak, MI, USA
| | - Curtiss Johnson
- Michigan State University College of Osteopathic Medicine, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | | | | | - Katelynn Campbell
- Department of Pathology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Aadil Ahmed
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Loyola Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL, USA
- Dermatopathology Section, Illinois Dermatology Institute, Park Ridge, IL, USA
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Hawwash N, Haque E. Plant a seed series: the impact of an online outreach package on school pupils' knowledge, skills, and attitudes to medicine. BMC Med Educ 2024; 24:347. [PMID: 38553667 PMCID: PMC10979570 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-024-05300-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medicine is one of the most inaccessible professions in the United Kingdom (UK). The Plant a Seed (PAS) series was created to address this; it is an online pre-recorded three-part video series to "Inspire", "Educate" and "Motivate" pupils from widening participation backgrounds on Medicine. We explored the impact of PAS on pupils' knowledge, skills and attitude to Medicine. METHODS We conducted a national pretest-posttest study of Years 7-9 pupils in the UK. 503 schools were invited to PAS, following ethics approval. Consented pupils viewed all three episodes asynchronously and completed a pre-and post-series Likert scale confidence questionnaire, which evaluated their knowledge, skills and attitudes to a medical career. A Shapiro-Wilk test showed the lack of a normal distribution (p < 0.05); therefore, a Wilcoxon signed-rank test statistically compared pretest-posttest results of each pupil. RESULTS 70 pupils in Years 7-9 from 2 schools participated in this study. PAS was shown to significantly increase pupils' knowledge of the role and life of a doctor, medicine as a degree, admissions requirements, and careers in medicine (p < 0.05). There was a significant increase in pupils believing they could study medicine. The intervention did not significantly increase the desire for pupils to study medicine (p = 0.187). CONCLUSION PAS significantly improved pupils' knowledge, skills and confidence demonstrating the need and benefit to enrolment of the programme at scale. It did not significantly increase the number of pupils wishing to study medicine. Analysis at scale is required to evaluate the effectiveness of PAS as a key intervention to break down barriers to medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadin Hawwash
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Cancer Research Centre, Manchester, UK.
| | - Enam Haque
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Jabbar F, Kadhim KA, Alhilfi RA, Chitheer A, Rahi A, Hipgrave DB. Intensification of integrated immunization services to recover routine vaccination coverage and bring COVID-19 vaccine to the population of Iraq in 2022. Vaccine 2024; 42:2036-2043. [PMID: 38418341 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.02.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION COVID-19 seriously impacted routine immunization (RI) in Iraq. Coverage declined to a 6-year low in 2021, and COVID-19 vaccination uptake was slow. In response, government implemented intensification of integrated immunization services (3IS), a nationwide approach comprising regular outreach sessions of COVID-19 vaccination and RI for children who had either missed doses or never commenced scheduled vaccination (zero-dose children). We describe the 3IS and its impact on vaccination coverage in Iraq. METHODS 3IS comprised new outreach sessions for urban and rural communities where administrative data suggested there were gaps in coverage. Groups of six personnel from each of 1,321 primary healthcare centres implemented six outreach sessions per month during February-November 2022. Community engagement was an integral component. We compared RI administrative data (2019-2022) and data reported during 3IS activities to assess its impact. RESULTS In total 4,189,859 vaccine doses were administered during 72,495 3IS outreach sessions, over one-fifth of 19,106,849 vaccine doses administered in Iraq over these 10 months. Among them, 957,874 (22.9 %) were COVID-19 vaccines, adding slightly to national coverage, and 3,231,985 (77.1 %) were RI vaccines, dramatically reducing zero-dose children, adding 18 %, 25 %, 21 %, and 31 % to 2022 penta1, penta3, measles first-dose and MMR1 vaccine coverage, and contributing to national coverage of 102.2 %, 94.5 %, 91.8 % and 96.3 % for these vaccines during February-November, respectively. Moreover, 3IS sessions delivered 133,528 doses of tetanus toxoid, 16,353 doses of adult HepB vaccine, and 315,032 vitamin A doses to eligible individuals. CONCLUSION In the context of global encouragement to integrate vaccination services, Iraq's 3IS approach enabled dramatic improvements in RI coverage, virtual elimination of zero-dose status among children born during the pandemic, and small improvements in COVID-19 and adult vaccination. Our findings provide lessons for future integrated primary care towards universal health coverage in Iraq, and for other countries yet to undertake integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Firas Jabbar
- Expanded Programme on Immunization, Ministry of Health, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Kamal A Kadhim
- Expanded Programme on Immunization, Ministry of Health, Baghdad, Iraq
| | | | - Abdulaal Chitheer
- Expanded Programme on Immunization, Ministry of Health, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Alaa Rahi
- Health and Nutrition Section, UNICEF, Baghdad, Iraq.
| | - David B Hipgrave
- Health and Nutrition Section, UNICEF, Baghdad, Iraq; Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore; SingHealth Duke-NUS Global Health Institute, Singapore.
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Quirk H. Engaging underrepresented groups in community physical activity initiatives: a qualitative study of parkrun in the UK. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:804. [PMID: 38486214 PMCID: PMC10938745 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18314-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Underrepresented groups, including racial/ethnic minority groups and individuals with low socioeconomic status face complex barriers to engaging in community-based health initiatives. This research uses parkrun, an outdoor, mass-participation, weekly physical activity and volunteering initiative, to explore the engagement strategies ('outreach activities') that have been used to promote the inclusivity and diversity of parkrun events. METHODS Ten adult parkrun Ambassadors who fulfilled volunteer roles that involved promoting parkrun to underrepresented groups in the UK were interviewed. Interviews took place via telephone or video call in April-July 2021. Interview transcripts were analysed thematically. RESULTS Engagement strategies implemented by Ambassadors varied from opportunistic promotion within communities to strategic negotiations at higher decision-making levels. Approaches were characterised by a community-centred focus that ensured community networks and assets were utilised. Stories were considered valuable indicators of successful outreach. A common challenge to outreach for Ambassadors was limited personal and organisational capacity that impeded the widescale scope, reach and scalability of parkrun's engagement attempts. CONCLUSIONS Parkrun Ambassadors have used a wide range of outreach activities at different levels of influence. A number of challenges to doing sustainable and effective outreach have been highlighted that need to be addressed. Working with and alongside communities where community-based health initiatives events take place to understand how to address inclusivity issues could contribute to greater participation by underrepresented groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Quirk
- Sheffield Centre for Health and Related Research (SCHARR), School of Medicine and Population Health, University of Sheffield, 30 Regent Street, S1 4DA, Sheffield, UK.
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Naimi W, Vinnacombe-Willson GA, Saldana S, Ronduen L, Domjan H, Chiang N. Teaching Acid-Base Fundamentals and Introducing pH using Butterfly Pea Flower Tea. J Chem Educ 2024; 101:1373-1378. [PMID: 38516052 PMCID: PMC10956649 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jchemed.3c01058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Stimulating interest in science at an early age is important for STEM education. This work details an educational activity utilizing the anthocyanins found in the butterfly pea flower (Clitoria ternatea). This activity was developed for use in official classroom settings, online, and/or at-home with parental or educator guidance. Primary and high school students aged 7 to 14 performed a straightforward extraction of anthocyanin pH indicators from Clitoria ternatea with hot water. Students were able to use this indicator and its vast range of colors to compare the acidity and basicity of different household solutions. Most responses recorded show that students used reasoning from the indicator and a subsequent chemical reaction to correctly differentiate acids from bases and compare their strengths. Overall, this activity's application of non-toxic and easily accessible indicators from the butterfly pea flower assisted in introducing young students to various concepts in acid-base chemistry, including acid/base strength and pH, solute dissolution, neutralization reactions, and qualitative analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wallee Naimi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | - Gail A Vinnacombe-Willson
- BioNanoPlasmonics Laboratory, CIC biomaGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Stanley Saldana
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | - Lionnel Ronduen
- STEM Center, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | - Heather Domjan
- STEM Center, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | - Naihao Chiang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
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Krase P, Grundstein A, Stewart A, Williamsberg C, Ducre K. Understanding parent and caregiver perceptions of paediatric vehicular hyperthermia: implications for public health messaging from a pilot study. Inj Prev 2024:ip-2023-045025. [PMID: 38448212 DOI: 10.1136/ip-2023-045025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Paediatric vehicular hyperthermia (PVH) is the leading cause of non-crash vehicle-related death of children in the USA. Public health messaging is an important mitigation strategy, yet it is difficult to assess the effectiveness in reducing deaths. Here, we seek to better understand parent/caregiver perceptions on PVH to guide risk communication. METHODS This pilot study focuses on a subset of participants (n=127) from a national survey, comprising parents/caregivers who met specific eligibility criteria (ie, those who both drive and have children ≤5 years of age). Survey participants answered questions about the perceived severity of forgetting a child in a hot car and their susceptibility to doing so, with responses recorded on a 7-point Likert scale (1=strongly disagree and 7=strongly agree). RESULTS Our findings indicate that while on average (mean responses of 2.45 and 2.49) parents/caregivers did not consider themselves susceptible, they did acknowledge the severity (mean response of 6.12) of leaving a child unattended in a vehicle. The results suggest that because of this low perceived susceptibility, parents/caregivers are less likely to take protective actions aimed at preventing these incidents from happening. CONCLUSIONS Public health messaging on PVH should emphasise the universal risk to all parents/caregivers so as to foster greater awareness of the need to take protective actions. Furthermore, engaging secondary audiences such as teachers and healthcare professionals can amplify this message and offer concrete behavioural interventions to mitigate the risk of forgetting a child in a car.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piper Krase
- Department of Geography, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Andrew Grundstein
- Department of Geography, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Alan Stewart
- Department of Counseling and Human Development Services, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | | | - Katrina Ducre
- Department of Geography, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
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Close RM, Lutz CS, Jones TS, Stone M, Bratsch N, Thompson T, Jentoft C, McAuley JB. Characteristics and outcomes of a hospitalized cohort with reduced mortality from COVID-19, White Mountain apache tribal lands, April 1 - July 31, 2020. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:648. [PMID: 38424548 PMCID: PMC10905852 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18098-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Widespread transmission of COVID-19 continues to threaten public health, particularly of rural, American Indian communities. Although COVID-19 risk factors for severe disease and clinical characteristics are well described in the general population, there has been little shared on hospitalized American Indian populations. METHODS In this observational study, we performed chart extractions on all persons hospitalized with COVID-19 from April 1 through July 31, 2020 among an exclusively American Indian population living on or near Tribal lands in eastern Arizona. We provide descriptive statistics for the cohort stratified by presentation, comparing those who self-presented or were referred by an outreach program. Exploratory analyses were performed to identify risk factors for morbidity and mortality. RESULTS During the observation period, 2262 persons were diagnosed with COVID-19 and 490 (22%) were hospitalized. Hospitalized persons had a median age of 54 years; 92% had at least one comorbidity, 72% had greater than one comorbidity, and 60% had a BMI of > 30. Most persons required supplemental oxygen (83%), but the majority (62%) only required nasal cannula and only 11% were intubated. The case fatality rates were 1.7% for the population, 7.1% among hospitalizations, and 9.3% among hospitalized patients 50 years and older. All rates that are significantly lower than those reported nationally during the same period. CONCLUSIONS We observed a cohort of American Indian patients hospitalized secondary to COVID-19 with greater number of comorbidities compared to the general population but with lower mortality rates. We posit that the primary driver of mortality reduction for this population and the hospitalized cohort was a community-based referral program that led to disproportionately lower fatality rates among the oldest persons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan M Close
- Whiteriver Service Unit, Indian Health Service, 200 W. Hospital Drive, Whiteriver, AZ, 85941, USA.
- Maine Medical Center, MaineHealth, Portland, ME, USA.
| | - Chelsea S Lutz
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - T Shaifer Jones
- Whiteriver Service Unit, Indian Health Service, 200 W. Hospital Drive, Whiteriver, AZ, 85941, USA
| | - Myles Stone
- United States Public Health Service Commissioned Corps, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Nicole Bratsch
- Whiteriver Service Unit, Indian Health Service, 200 W. Hospital Drive, Whiteriver, AZ, 85941, USA
| | - Trevor Thompson
- Whiteriver Service Unit, Indian Health Service, 200 W. Hospital Drive, Whiteriver, AZ, 85941, USA
- United States Public Health Service Commissioned Corps, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Christopher Jentoft
- Whiteriver Service Unit, Indian Health Service, 200 W. Hospital Drive, Whiteriver, AZ, 85941, USA
| | - James B McAuley
- Whiteriver Service Unit, Indian Health Service, 200 W. Hospital Drive, Whiteriver, AZ, 85941, USA
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Stott J, Vicente CC. Interdisciplinary public engagement: untapped potential? Biol Open 2024; 13:bio060108. [PMID: 38525958 PMCID: PMC10997046 DOI: 10.1242/bio.060108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Public engagement projects developed by university-based academics tend to focus on specific academic topics. Yet, the problems and topics that our audiences want to engage with are broad, challenging, and can't be explained or solved by a single academic subject or expertise. In this article, we capitalise on our experience working with academics at the University of Oxford, and a workshop for public engagement professionals that we co-organised with the National Coordinating Centre for Public Engagement, to advocate for a novel approach: interdisciplinary public engagement (public engagement projects that bring together academics from several academic disciplines). We consider the potential benefits and the challenges of this approach and provide examples of how it is starting to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet Stott
- Reuben College, University of Oxford, Reuben College, OX1 3QP, Oxford, UK
- Oxford University Museum of Natural History, Dunn School, OX1 3RE, Oxford, UK
| | - Catarina C. Vicente
- Reuben College, University of Oxford, Reuben College, OX1 3QP, Oxford, UK
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Museum, OX1 3PW, Oxford, UK
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13
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Styczinski MJ, Glaser DM, Hooks M, Jia TZ, Johnson-Finn K, Schaible GA, Schaible MJ. Chapter 11: Astrobiology Education, Engagement, and Resources. Astrobiology 2024; 24:S216-S227. [PMID: 38498823 DOI: 10.1089/ast.2021.0098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Although astrobiology is a relatively new field of science, the questions it seeks to answer (e.g., "What is life?" "What does life require?") have been investigated for millennia. In recent decades, formal programs dedicated specifically to the science of astrobiology have been organized at academic, governmental, and institutional scales. Constructing educational programs around this emerging science relies on input from broad expertise and backgrounds. Because of the interdisciplinary nature of this field, career pathways in astrobiology often begin in more specific fields such as astronomy, geology, or biology, and unlike many other sciences, typically involve substantial training outside one's primary discipline. The recent origin of astrobiology as a field of science has led to strong collaborations with education research in the development of astrobiology courses and offers a unique instructional laboratory for further pedagogical studies. This chapter is intended to support students, educators, and early career scientists by connecting them to materials and opportunities that the authors and colleagues have found advantageous. Annotated lists of relevant programs and resources are included as a series of appendices in the supplementary material.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Styczinski
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
| | - D M Glaser
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - M Hooks
- NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - T Z Jia
- Earth-Life Science Institute, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Blue Marble Space Institute of Science, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - K Johnson-Finn
- Earth-Life Science Institute, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, USA
| | | | - M J Schaible
- Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Maybee W, Henry WA, Lazore-Swan D, Abrams C, Attwood K, Vincent P, Catalfamo K, Haring RC. Indigenizing and Ruralizing NCI Screen to Save Program: Resources, Optimizing Outreach, Teaching, Science (ROOTS). J Cancer Educ 2024; 39:65-69. [PMID: 37821663 PMCID: PMC10799786 DOI: 10.1007/s13187-023-02376-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a complex health disparity in many Indigenous and rural populations. While it affects anyone regardless of race, age, gender, or other common differences among people, Indigenous and rural populations are at a higher risk of dying from colorectal cancer. An NCI Screen to Save (S2S) program was culturally tailored to promote awareness and knowledge of colorectal cancer and screening in both Indigenous and rural communities across a sector in Northeastern USA. Indigenous and rural community outreach teams at an NCI-designated cancer center partnered with a community advisory board to provide an indigenized/ruralized version of the NCI Screen to Save program delivered to both Indigenous and rural/suburban communities. In total, n = 79 pre/post surveys were obtained from n = 82 participants, who had an average age of 49 years. Findings demonstrated that Indigenous/rural participants in both off-territory/non-reservation communities and a tribal community that received a culturally tailored version of NCI's S2S program were able to identify both smoking and tobacco use along with lack of physical activity as risk factors for colorectal cancer. Post-intervention, participants reported being more likely to increase physical activity. Most importantly, participants said they would be more likely to be screened for colorectal cancer along with their family and friends based on their cancer screening experiences. Culturally tailored CRC messaging is an effective means for increasing screening intentions and decreasing cancer health disparities among both indigenous and rural populations. Future research should include the relationship of diet to obesity-related cancers, greater integration of Indigenous-rural patient navigation programs, creation of more information on genetic screening, and quality improvement to service translational science initiatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Maybee
- Department of Indigenous Cancer Health, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA.
| | - Whitney Ann Henry
- Department of Indigenous Cancer Health, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Dakota Lazore-Swan
- Department of Indigenous Cancer Health, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Corrinne Abrams
- Department of Indigenous Cancer Health, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Kris Attwood
- Department of Biostatistics & Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Paula Vincent
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Kayla Catalfamo
- Department of Biostatistics & Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Rodney C Haring
- Department of Indigenous Cancer Health, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
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South A, Bailey JV, Parmar MKB, Vale CL. The effectiveness of interventions to disseminate the results of non-commercial randomised clinical trials to healthcare professionals: a systematic review. Implement Sci 2024; 19:8. [PMID: 38303034 PMCID: PMC10835915 DOI: 10.1186/s13012-023-01332-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is unclear how to disseminate the results of randomised controlled trials effectively to health professionals and policymakers to improve treatment, care or prevention through changing policy and practice. This systematic review examined the effectiveness of different methods of dissemination of clinical research results to professional audiences. METHODS We systematically reviewed the published and grey literature from 2000 to 2022 for studies assessing different approaches for disseminating clinical study results to professional audiences (health professionals, policymakers and guideline developers). Two reviewers assessed potentially relevant full texts for inclusion. We grouped studies by intervention type, synthesising findings using effect direction plots. Outcomes were grouped into out-takes (e.g. awareness, knowledge, understanding), outcomes (e.g. attitude changes) and impact (changes in policy/practice). The quality of evidence was assessed using GRADE. RESULTS Our search identified 13,264 unique records, of which 416 full texts were assessed for eligibility. Of 60 studies that were identified as eligible for inclusion, 20 evaluated the effectiveness of interventions to disseminate clinical research results (13 RCTs, 2 observational studies, 3 pre- and post-intervention surveys and 2 cross-sectional surveys). Studies were grouped by intervention: 7 studies that involved face-to-face meetings between the target audience and trained educators were classified as 'outreach interventions'; 5 studies that provided a summary format for systematic review findings (e.g. summary of findings tables) were grouped together. There was high certainty evidence of a small beneficial impact of outreach interventions on health and moderate certainty evidence of impact on practice (mostly prescribing). There was no evidence of impact on policy and very low certainty around benefits on outcomes and out-takes. We found no consistent benefits of summary formats for systematic review results on outcomes or out-takes (moderate quality evidence). Other interventions with less evidence are reported in the Additional Materials. CONCLUSIONS Outreach interventions to disseminate clinical research results can lead to changes in practice and improvements in health. However, these interventions can be resource-intensive. Investment is vital to identify and implement effective and cost-effective ways to disseminate results, so that the potential benefits of trials to patients can be realised. TRIAL REGISTRATION International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO), CRD42019137364.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annabelle South
- MRC Clinical Trials Unit at UCL, Institute of Clinical Trials and Methodology, UCL, 90 High Holborn, London, WC1V 6LJ, UK.
| | - Julia V Bailey
- Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health, UCL, London, UK
| | - Mahesh K B Parmar
- MRC Clinical Trials Unit at UCL, Institute of Clinical Trials and Methodology, UCL, 90 High Holborn, London, WC1V 6LJ, UK
| | - Claire L Vale
- MRC Clinical Trials Unit at UCL, Institute of Clinical Trials and Methodology, UCL, 90 High Holborn, London, WC1V 6LJ, UK
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Das RK, Buttafuoco KA, Ibidunni L, Mubang R, Terhune KP, Drolet BC. Effect of an Oncology Focused High School Outreach Event in Increasing Interest in Cancer Care and Healthcare Careers. J Cancer Educ 2024; 39:33-38. [PMID: 37723369 DOI: 10.1007/s13187-023-02372-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Despite widely heralded efforts to improve diversity, equity, and inclusion in oncology, few outreach programs exist to inspire high school students to pursue a career in medicine. Doctors' Day is an event developed and organized by medical trainees that features both didactic and hands-on learning components to provide high school students with exposure to the healthcare field and knowledge about cancer and cancer screening. We investigated in the influence of Doctors' Day on students' interest in healthcare careers and oncology. On March 30, 2023, health professions students and residents organized and led Doctors' Day, a half-day educational program for eight public high schools in Nashville, TN. After the event, high school student participants were invited to complete a 21-item survey. The questionnaire collected demographic information, feedback regarding the session, and comfort with various activities related to the program. Among the 8 public high schools involved in Doctors' Day, 91 participants completed the survey. Few (9, 9.9%) participants were White or European American, and 30 (33.0%) and 23 (25.3%) were Black and Hispanic, respectively. There were 20 (22.0%) participants who identified as LGBTQI+ with 2 (2.2%) indicating they were unsure. Feedback regarding the program was positive across all domains, and students reported increased interest in healthcare careers and oncology along with an increased comfort level in describing the importance of cancer screening. Our community outreach program for high school students with backgrounds underrepresented in medicine was effective in increasing interest in healthcare careers and oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishub K Das
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 1161 21st Ave S, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
| | - Kayla A Buttafuoco
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 1161 21st Ave S, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Laura Ibidunni
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Ronnie Mubang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Kyla P Terhune
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Brian C Drolet
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
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Martyn E, O'Regan S, Harris P, Leonard M, Veitch M, Sultan B, Matthews PC, Ghosh I, Story A, Surey J. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) screening, linkage and retention-in-care in inclusion health populations: Evaluation of an outreach screening programme in London. J Infect 2024; 88:167-172. [PMID: 38159579 PMCID: PMC7615690 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2023.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We evaluated a hepatitis B virus (HBV) screening programme, delivered by a specialist pan-London multidisciplinary outreach team, to understand population characteristics and care cascade among people who experience extreme social exclusion (Inclusion Health (IH) groups). METHODS Point-of-care HBV screening was performed in temporary accommodation for people experiencing homelessness (PEH) and people seeking asylum (initial accommodation centres, IACs) via a mobile unit staffed by peers with lived experience, nurses, and doctors. We analysed demographics and HBV characteristics of adults screened between May 2020 and January 2022. We ascertained linkage-to-care (LTC), retention-in-care (RIC) and loss-to-follow-up (LTFU). People LTFU were contacted by peers to re-engage in care. RESULTS 2473 people were screened: 809 in IACs, 1664 in other temporary accommodation. Overall hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) prevalence was 1.7% (43/2473), highest in IACs (3.5%, 28/809). LTC within 3 months was 56% (24/43) and RIC, 87% (26/30). LTC was higher when referred to a local IH-specialist hepatitis service, compared to other services (77%, 17/22 vs 33%, 7/21; p = 0.006). LTFU was 30% (13/43), reduced to 21% (9/43) after intervention by peers. CONCLUSION Our findings support outreach screening among IH populations and peer-supported linkage to IH-specialist hepatitis services. We recommend increased HBV testing and HBV-specific IH specialist services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Martyn
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel St, London WC1E 7HT, UK; The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK.
| | - Sive O'Regan
- Find & Treat Service, Division of Infection, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, 250 Euston Road, London NW1 2BU, UK
| | - Philippa Harris
- Find & Treat Service, Division of Infection, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, 250 Euston Road, London NW1 2BU, UK
| | - Mark Leonard
- Find & Treat Service, Division of Infection, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, 250 Euston Road, London NW1 2BU, UK
| | - Martha Veitch
- Find & Treat Service, Division of Infection, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, 250 Euston Road, London NW1 2BU, UK
| | - Binta Sultan
- Mortimer Market Centre, Central and North London NHS Foundation Trust, Capper Street, London WC1E 6JB, UK; Institute of Global Health, University College London, Gower St, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Philippa C Matthews
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK; Mortimer Market Centre, Central and North London NHS Foundation Trust, Capper Street, London WC1E 6JB, UK; Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, Gower St, London WC1E 6BT, UK; Department of Infectious Diseases, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, 250 Euston Road, London NW1 2BU, UK
| | - Indrajit Ghosh
- Find & Treat Service, Division of Infection, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, 250 Euston Road, London NW1 2BU, UK; Mortimer Market Centre, Central and North London NHS Foundation Trust, Capper Street, London WC1E 6JB, UK
| | - Alistair Story
- Find & Treat Service, Division of Infection, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, 250 Euston Road, London NW1 2BU, UK; Collaborative Centre for Inclusion Health, University College London, Gower St, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Julian Surey
- Find & Treat Service, Division of Infection, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, 250 Euston Road, London NW1 2BU, UK; Institute of Global Health, University College London, Gower St, London WC1E 6BT, UK; Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain
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Douglas A, Brockmeyer K, Iwuala C, Ohanenye C, Ekeh O, Cole Y, Sangobiyi M, Zhan T, Taylor S, Nikbakht N. Knowledge gaps in hairstyling practices and hair loss within the African American community. Arch Dermatol Res 2024; 316:68. [PMID: 38197981 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-023-02808-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Annyella Douglas
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, 33 S 10Th St, Room 409, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Kayla Brockmeyer
- Thomas Jefferson University, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Callyn Iwuala
- Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, USA
| | - Chiamaka Ohanenye
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine at, Temple University, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Odera Ekeh
- Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, USA
| | - Yonesha Cole
- Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Michael Sangobiyi
- Thomas Jefferson University, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Tingting Zhan
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, 33 S 10Th St, Room 409, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Susan Taylor
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Neda Nikbakht
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, 33 S 10Th St, Room 409, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA.
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Lovén M, Pitkänen LJ, Paananen M, Torkki P. Evidence on bringing specialised care to the primary level-effects on the Quadruple Aim and cost-effectiveness: a systematic review. BMC Health Serv Res 2024; 24:2. [PMID: 38166812 PMCID: PMC10763279 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-023-10159-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To achieve the Quadruple Aim of improving population health, enhancing the patient experience of care, reducing costs and improving professional satisfaction requires reorganisation of health care. One way to accomplish this aim is by integrating healthcare services on different levels. This systematic review aims to determine whether it is cost-effective to bring a hospital specialist into primary care from the perspectives of commissioners, patients and professionals. METHODS The review follows the PRISMA guidelines. We searched PubMed, Scopus and EBSCO (CINAHL and Academic Search Ultimate) for the period of 1992-2022. In total, 4254 articles were found, and 21 original articles that reported on both quality and costs, were included. The JBI and ROBINS-I tools were used for quality appraisal. In data synthesis, vote counting and effect direction plots were used together with a sign test. The strength of evidence was evaluated with the GRADE. RESULTS Cost-effectiveness was only measured in two studies, and it remains unclear. Costs and cost drivers for commissioners were lower in the intervention in 52% of the studies; this proportion rose to 67% of the studies when cost for patients was also considered, while health outcomes, patient experience and professional satisfaction mostly improved but at least remained the same. Costs for the patient, where measured, were mainly lower in the intervention group. Professional satisfaction was reported in 48% of the studies; in 80% it was higher in the intervention group. In 24% of the studies, higher monetary costs were reported for commissioners, whereas the clinical outcomes, patient experience and costs for the patient mainly improved. CONCLUSIONS The cost-effectiveness of the hospital specialist in primary care model remains inconclusive. Only a few studies have comprehensively calculated costs, evaluating cost drivers. However, it seems that when the service is well organised and the population is large enough, the concept can be profitable for the commissioner also. From the patient's perspective, the model is superior and could even promote equity through improved access. Professional satisfaction is mostly higher compared to the traditional model. The certainty of evidence is very low for cost and low for quality. TRIAL REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42022325232, 12.4.2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Lovén
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
- Mehiläinen Länsi-Pohja, Mehiläinen, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Laura J Pitkänen
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Markus Paananen
- Social and Health Care Services, Western Uusimaa Wellbeing Services County, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Paulus Torkki
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Kempe K. Vascular surgeons are positioned to fight healthcare disparities. J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord 2024; 12:101674. [PMID: 37703942 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvsv.2023.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Comprehensively managing vascular disease in the United States can seem overwhelming. Vascular surgery providers encounter daily stress-inducing challenges, including caring for sick patients who often, because of healthcare barriers, struggle with access to care, socioeconomic challenges, and a complex medical system. These individuals can present with advanced disease and comorbidities, and many have limited treatment options. Subsequently, it could seem as if the vascular surgeon's efforts have little opportunity to make a difference. This review describes a method to counter this sentiment through directed action, hope, and community building. Vascular surgeons are passionate about what they do and are built to fight healthcare disparities. This review also outlines the reasoning for attempting to create change and one approach to begin making a difference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Kempe
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of General Surgery, University of Oklahoma School of Community Medicine, Tulsa, OK.
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21
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Satake Y, Taomoto D, Suzuki M, Shigenobu K, Kanemoto H, Yoshiyama K, Ikeda M. Complex cases with suspected dementia in the community need psychiatric support: Results from a nationwide survey in Japan. Asian J Psychiatr 2024; 91:103840. [PMID: 38042094 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2023.103840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuto Satake
- Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, D3 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Daiki Taomoto
- Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, D3 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Maki Suzuki
- Department of Behavioral Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, Osaka University United Graduate School of Child Development, D51-09, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kazue Shigenobu
- Department of Behavioral Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, Osaka University United Graduate School of Child Development, D51-09, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Department of Psychiatry, Asakayama Hospital, 3-3-16 Imaikecho, Sakai Ward, Sakai, Osaka 590-0018, Japan
| | - Hideki Kanemoto
- Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, D3 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kenji Yoshiyama
- Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, D3 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Manabu Ikeda
- Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, D3 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
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Masquillier C, Cosaert T. Facilitating access to primary care for people living in socio-economically vulnerable circumstances in Belgium through community health workers: towards a conceptual model. BMC Prim Care 2023; 24:281. [PMID: 38114909 PMCID: PMC10731868 DOI: 10.1186/s12875-023-02214-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Inspired by examples in low- and middle-income countries, 50 community health workers (CHWs) were introduced in Belgium to improve access to primary care for people living in socio-economically vulnerable circumstances. This article aims to explore the ways in which CHWs support people living in socio-economically vulnerable circumstances in their access to primary care. METHODS The qualitative research focuses on the first year of implementation of this pioneer nationwide CHW programme in Belgium. To respond to the research aim, thirteen semi-structured in-depth interviews were held with people living in socio-economically vulnerable circumstances. In addition, a photovoice study was conducted with fifteen CHWs comprising four phases: (1) photovoice training; (2) participatory observation with each CHW individually; (3) an individual semi-structured in-depth interview; and (4) three focus group discussions. The transcripts and the observation notes were analysed in accordance with the abductive analysis procedures described by Timmermans and Tavory. RESULTS The qualitative results show that the CHWs' outreaching way of working allows them to reach people living at the crossroads of different vulnerabilities that are intertwined and reinforce each other. They experience complex care needs, while at the same time they face several barriers that interrupt the continuum of access to primary care - as conceptualised in the theoretical access-to-care framework of (Levesque et al. Int J Equity Health. 12:18, 2013). Building on the theoretical access-to-care framework described by (Levesque et al. Int J Equity Health. 12:18, 2013), the conceptual model outlines first the underlying mechanisms of CHW-facilitated access to primary care: (I) outreaching and pro-active way of working; (II) building trust; (III) providing unbiased support and guidance in a culturally sensitive manner; and (IV) tailoring the CHWs' approach to the unique interplay of barriers at the individual and health system level along the access-to-care continuum as experienced by the individual. Further disentangling how CHWs provide support to the barriers in access to care across the continuum and at each step is outlined further in the process characteristics of this conceptual model. Furthermore, the qualitative results show that the way in which CHWs support people is also impacted by the broader health system, such as long waiting times and unwelcoming healthcare professionals after referral from a CHW. DISCUSSION The conceptual model of CHW-facilitated access to primary care developed in this article explores the way in which CHWs support people living in socio-economically vulnerable circumstances in their access to primary care in Belgium. Through their outreaching method, they play a valuable bridging role between the Belgian healthcare system and people living in socio-economically vulnerable circumstances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Masquillier
- Department of Family Medicine and Population Health, Faculty of Medicine and Heath Sciences & Department of Sociology, Centre for Population, Family and Health, University of Antwerp, Sint-Jacobstraat 2, 2000, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Theo Cosaert
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
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Rickard H, Watkin S, Baldwin N, De Souza A, Ciric L, Cloutman-Green E. Antimicrobial resistance as a super wicked problem: how do we engage the public to be part of the solution. Infect Prev Pract 2023; 5:100314. [PMID: 38107239 PMCID: PMC10724478 DOI: 10.1016/j.infpip.2023.100314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is now regarded as one of the greatest global challenges of the 21st century. The complexity, urgent timeframe, and lack of clear solution to AMR have contributed to its classification as a 'super wicked problem'. Yet knowledge surveys of the general public have found that they still harbour numerous misconceptions linked to both the sources and impact of AMR. This confusion is compounded by AMR being a One Health issue, and therefore a factor in not just human health but in other industries, such as farming. This can further inhibit understanding and knowledge transfer around AMR for those without a prior knowledge base. In order to address the escalating risk that AMR presents, however, it is essential to address this knowledge gap and engage with the public to support wide scale changes in behaviour and consumer choice. The WHO now requires national action plans tackling AMR to include patient and public involvement/engagement (PPI/E) to support changing the trajectory of AMR. Despite this, little detail is available as part of strategic plans on how PPI/E should be undertaken in order to aid implementation. This paper discusses a number of approaches to support the design and delivery of PPI/E in relation to AMR, including the different social behaviour models underlying successful PPI/E strategies, and key considerations linked to specific activity types. The framework produced includes features for steps from initial planning and design through to evaluation. The aim is to help improve the ability of scientists and healthcare professionals to produce high quality AMR PPI/E.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Rickard
- Healthy Infrastructure Research Group, University College London, Department of Civil Environmental and Geomatic Engineering, Chadwick Building, London, UK
| | - Sam Watkin
- Healthy Infrastructure Research Group, University College London, Department of Civil Environmental and Geomatic Engineering, Chadwick Building, London, UK
- Nosocomial Project, London, UK
| | | | - Anthony De Souza
- Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Camelia Botnar Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, London, UK
| | - Lena Ciric
- Healthy Infrastructure Research Group, University College London, Department of Civil Environmental and Geomatic Engineering, Chadwick Building, London, UK
| | - Elaine Cloutman-Green
- Healthy Infrastructure Research Group, University College London, Department of Civil Environmental and Geomatic Engineering, Chadwick Building, London, UK
- Nosocomial Project, London, UK
- Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Camelia Botnar Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, London, UK
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Abraham KM, Merrill SL, Patterson SM, Aysta SL. Care Retention Among Veterans with Serious Mental Illness who were once lost-to-Veterans Health Administration care. Psychiatr Q 2023; 94:633-644. [PMID: 37676451 DOI: 10.1007/s11126-023-10049-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate care retention among Veterans with serious mental illness (SMI) who were lost to Veterans Health Administration (VHA) care for at least one year and subsequently returned to VHA care via the SMI Re-Engagement program, an outreach program for Veterans with SMI who are lost-to-care. METHODS For the 410 Veterans with SMI who returned to care via SMI Re-Engagement between April 4th, 2016 and January 31, 2018, we assessed VHA in-person and telehealth utilization (overall, primary care, mental health care) for two years following the date of return to care. RESULTS Care retention was common: 70.2% of Veterans had at least one encounter in each year of the two-year follow-up period and an additional 22.7% had at least one encounter during one of the two years. During the two-year follow-up period, 72.4% of Veterans had at least one primary care encounter and 70.7% of Veterans had at least one mental health care encounter. Adjusted binomial logistic regression analyses found a return-to-care encounter in primary care (OR = 2.70; 95% CI: 1.34, 5.42) predicted primary care retention, and a return-to-care encounter in mental health care (OR = 4.01; 95% CI: 2.38, 6.75) predicted mental health care retention. CONCLUSION Most Veterans who return to care via the SMI Re-Engagement program remain in VHA care for the subsequent two years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen M Abraham
- Serious Mental Illness Treatment Resource and Evaluation Center, VA Serious Mental Illness Treatment Resource and Evaluation Center, Office of Mental Health and Suicide Prevention, Veterans Health Administration, University of Michigan North Campus Research Complex, 2800 Plymouth Road, Building 16, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2800, USA.
- Department of Psychology, University of Detroit Mercy, 4001 W. McNichols Road, Detroit, MI, 48221, USA.
| | - Stephanie L Merrill
- Serious Mental Illness Treatment Resource and Evaluation Center, VA Serious Mental Illness Treatment Resource and Evaluation Center, Office of Mental Health and Suicide Prevention, Veterans Health Administration, University of Michigan North Campus Research Complex, 2800 Plymouth Road, Building 16, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2800, USA
| | - Scott M Patterson
- Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, 1481 W. 10th Street, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, 355 W. 16th Street, Ste 4800, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Shanyn L Aysta
- W.G. (Bill) Hefner VA Medical Center, 1601 Brenner Ave, Salisbury, NC, 28144, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, 791 Jonestown Road, Winston- Salem, NC, 27103, USA
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25
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Linares BM, Ramirez M. JUNTOS Radio: a podcast created in collaboration with Spanish-speaking healthcare providers, Juntos Center for Advancing Latino Health, and a medical librarian. J Med Libr Assoc 2023; 111:831-832. [PMID: 37928113 PMCID: PMC10621679 DOI: 10.5195/jmla.2023.1653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Spanish speaking healthcare providers, JUNTOS Center for Advancing Latino Health, and a medical librarian partnered to create a podcast on essential health topics relevant to the Latinx community. The podcasts were recorded in Spanish and included Spanish supplementary consumer health information from credible resources such as MedlinePlus en Espanol. The podcasts covered important topics about COVID-19 such as vaccines, clinical trials, and social distancing. It also includes other relevant topics that are affecting the Latinx community.
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26
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Quijano T, Crowell J, Eggert K, Clark K, Alexander M, Grau L, Heimer R. Xylazine in the drug supply: Emerging threats and lessons learned in areas with high levels of adulteration. Int J Drug Policy 2023; 120:104154. [PMID: 37574646 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2023.104154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Xylazine, a sedative analgesic drug approved as an animal tranquilizer but not for human use, has become an adulterant in the illicit opioid marketplace in North America. Recently declared an emerging health threat in the U.S., the prevalence of xylazine in overdose deaths increased 5.5-fold between 2019 and 2021. More information is needed about the impact of xylazine on opioid users and harm reduction service providers. METHODS The impact of xylazine adulteration was triangulated through examination of (1) opioid overdose fatalities in Connecticut between 2017 and 2021 reported by the Office of the Chief Medical Examiner data, (2) a convenience survey of people in Connecticut who use drugs (PWUD) regarding their knowledge of and attitude about the local illicit drug supply, and (3) semi-structured interviews of harm reduction service providers in Connecticut and Philadelphia in response to prompts on the impacts of and responses to xylazine adulteration. RESULTS The presence of fentanyl or its analogues in fatal opioid overdoses was a statistically significant predictor of xylazine presence [OR = 25.0, 95%CI (10.7,81.1)] as was being Hispanic [OR = 1.36, 95%CI (1.03,1.77)]. A survey of people who used drugs revealed that 43% (n = 286) were concerned that the drug supply was always unpredictable. Three-quarters of respondents were aware of xylazine and two-thirds would use a xylazine test strip if one was available. Respondents who identified as White, Hispanic were most likely to be aware of xylazine, to have used a fentanyl test strip, and to be interested in a xylazine test strip. Respondents who injected drugs were 3.6-fold more likely than those who did not inject to endorse an interest in a xylazine test strip. Harm reduction service providers were cognizant of a range of problems surrounding the use and injection of xylazine. Although they reported implementing practices to better respond to xylazine harms, they recognized the absence of solutions to many of the problems encountered. CONCLUSION The prevalence of xylazine has expanded, especially in combination with fentanyl. Harm reduction education efforts with fidelity to best practices have emerged, but the harms persist and community prevention needs are largely unmet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Quijano
- Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, United States.
| | - Jason Crowell
- Sex Workers and Allies Network, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Kathryn Eggert
- APT Foundation, New Haven, CT, United States; Antioch University Graduate School of Leadership and Change, Yellow Springs, OH, United States
| | - Katie Clark
- Clark Health Education and Research Solutions, Branford, CT, United States
| | - Marcus Alexander
- Yale Institute for Network Science, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Lauretta Grau
- Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Robert Heimer
- Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, United States
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Abstract
During the century of Journal of Experimental Biology's existence, science communication has established itself as an interdisciplinary field of theory and practice. Guided by my experiences as a scientist and science writer, I argue that science communication skills are distinct from scientific communication skills and that engaging in science communication is particularly beneficial to early-career researchers; although taking on these dual roles is not without its difficulties, as I discuss in this Perspective. In the hope of encouraging more scientists to become science communicators, I provide: (i) general considerations for scientists looking to engage in science communication (knowing their audience, storytelling, avoiding jargon) and (ii) specific recommendations for crafting effective contributions on social media (content, packaging, engagement), an emerging, accessible and potentially impactful mode of science communication. Effective science communication can boost the work of experimental biologists: it can impact public opinion by incisively describing the consequences of the climate crisis and can raise social acceptance of fundamental research and experiments on animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittney G Borowiec
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada, N2L 3G1
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Fernandes NL, Lilaonitkul M, Subedi A, Owen MD. Global obstetric anaesthesia: bridging the gap in maternal health care inequities through partnership in education. Int J Obstet Anesth 2023; 55:103646. [PMID: 37211512 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijoa.2023.103646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Maternal mortality rates are unacceptably high globally. Low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) face challenges of an inadequate anaesthesia workforce, under-resourced healthcare systems and sub-optimal access to labour and delivery care, all of which negatively impact maternal and neonatal outcomes. In order to effect the changes in surgical-obstetric-anaesthesia workforce numbers advocated by the Lancet Commission on Global Surgery to support the UN sustainable development goals, mass training and upskilling of both physician and non-physician anaesthetists is imperative. The implementation of outreach programmes and partnerships across organisations and countries has already been shown to improve the provision of safe care to mothers and their babies, and these efforts should be continued. Short subspecialty courses and simulation training are two cornerstones of modern obstetric anaesthesia training in poorly resourced environments. This review discusses the challenges to accessing quality maternal healthcare in LMICs and the use of education, outreach, partnership and research to protect the most vulnerable women from coming to harm in the peripartum period.
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Affiliation(s)
- N L Fernandes
- Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - M Lilaonitkul
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - A Subedi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal
| | - M D Owen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
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Ladd DL, Wright JC. Promoting rural residents' participation in clinical trials: clinical trials basics programming and training for rural public librarians. J Med Libr Assoc 2023; 111:722-727. [PMID: 37483365 PMCID: PMC10361552 DOI: 10.5195/jmla.2023.1650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Having diverse representation in clinical trial participation is important. Historically, rural residents have been underrepresented in clinical trial research. Public librarians have an opportunity to promote clinical trial participation among rural residents by offering consumer health information services that help patrons to understand what clinical trials are and how they can find relevant clinical trials. Case Presentation A consumer health library and a clinical trial center located at a large academic medical center collaborated to provide clinical trial information programming to rural public libraries. The group was awarded a Network of the National Library of Medicine (NNLM) Community Outreach Grant and was able to plan, develop, promote, and implement programs including training workshops, a speaker event, and a book discussion to rural public librarians. Discussion Marketing the programs to rural public libraries was difficult and many barriers were encountered. Though registration and subsequent participation were low, participants expressed interest and gratitude for the programs. For any future programs targeting this population, further strategies will need to be implemented to ensure increased registrations and attendees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana L Ladd
- , Health and Wellness Librarian, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
| | - Jackson C Wright
- , Health and Wellness Library Assistant, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
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30
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Jheeta S, Dominik M, Chatzitheodoridis E, Kotsyurbenko O, Palacios-Pérez M, de Farias ST, McGrath K, Rezaei A, Bhatt MC, Gordon R. NoRCEL's Engagement in Africa: The AstroScience Exploration Network (ASEN). Astrobiology 2023; 23:821-823. [PMID: 37252784 DOI: 10.1089/ast.2022.0071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract The AstroScience Exploration Network (ASEN) is the latest innovative initiative from the Network of Researchers on the Chemical Emergence of Life (NoRCEL). Materializing on the vibrancy of the African continent, recognizing its people as a key asset, and building on specific strategic advantages, ASEN will funnel the appetite for scientific knowledge through an educational hub that paves the way for the Global South to come to the fore in new global endeavors and will eventually help build a variety of career paths in a diversifying economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohan Jheeta
- Network of Researchers on the Chemical Emergence of Life (NoRCEL), Leeds, UK
| | - Martin Dominik
- University of St Andrews, Centre for Exoplanet Science, St Andrews, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Kathy McGrath
- Network of Researchers on the Chemical Emergence of Life (NoRCEL), Leeds, UK
| | - Ahya Rezaei
- Network of Researchers on the Chemical Emergence of Life (NoRCEL), Leeds, UK
| | - Mukesh C Bhatt
- School of Law-Birkbeck, University of London, London, UK
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31
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Dahlke AR, LoConte NK, Flickinger A, Richie S, Klink J, Trentham-Dietz A, Shirley R, Litzelman K. Building relationships to connect cancer researchers with community members: 'bench to community pipeline'. Cancer Causes Control 2023:10.1007/s10552-023-01725-8. [PMID: 37247136 PMCID: PMC10226433 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-023-01725-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Partnerships between researchers and community members and organizations can offer multiple benefits for research relevance and dissemination. The goal of this project was to build infrastructure to create bidirectional relationships between University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center (UWCCC) researchers and community educators in the Division of Extension, which connects the knowledge and resources of the university to communities across the state. METHODS This project had three aims: (1) create linkages with Extension; (2) establish an in-reach program to educate and train researchers on the science of Community Outreach and Engagement (COE); and (3) identify and facilitate collaborative projects between scientists and communities. Survey and focus group-based needs assessments were completed with both researchers and Extension educators and program activity evaluations were conducted. RESULTS Most Extension educators (71%) indicated a strong interest in partnering on COE projects. UWCCC faculty indicated interest in further disseminating their research, but also indicated barriers in connecting with communities. Outreach webinars were created and disseminated to community, a "COE in-reach toolkit" for faculty was created and a series of "speed networking" events were hosted to pair researchers and community. Evaluations indicated the acceptability and usefulness of these activities and supported continuation of collaborative efforts. CONCLUSION Continued relationship and skill building, along with a sustainability plan, is critical to support the translation of basic, clinical, and population research to action in the community outreach and engagement context. Further incentives for faculty should be explored for the recruitment of basic scientists into community engagement work.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Noelle K LoConte
- UW-Madison- Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI, USA
- School of Medicine and Public Health, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | - Sara Richie
- UW-Madison Division of Extension, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jenna Klink
- UW-Madison Division of Extension, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Amy Trentham-Dietz
- UW-Madison- Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI, USA
- School of Medicine and Public Health, Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | - Kristin Litzelman
- UW-Madison- Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI, USA
- UW-Madison Division of Extension, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, University of Wisconsin School of Human Ecology, Madison, WI, USA
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32
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Ostermann M, Vincent JL. ICU without borders. Crit Care 2023; 27:186. [PMID: 37179324 PMCID: PMC10182543 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-023-04463-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Critical illness is a continuum, but patient care is often fragmented. Value-based critical care focuses on the overall health of the patient, not on an episode of care. The "ICU without borders" model incorporates a concept where members of the critical care team are involved in the management of patients from the onset of critical illness until recovery and beyond. In this paper, we summarise the potential benefits and challenges to patients, families, staff and the wider healthcare system and list some essential requirements, including a tight governance framework, advanced technologies, investment and trust. We also argue that "ICU without borders" should be viewed as a bi-directional model, allowing extended visiting hours, giving patients and families direct access to experienced critical care staff and offering mutual aid when needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlies Ostermann
- Department of Critical Care, King's College London, Guy's and St Thomas' Foundation Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, London, SE1 7EH, UK.
| | - Jean-Louis Vincent
- Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Route de Lennik 808, 1070, Brussels, Belgium
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Kontunen P, Holstein R, Castrén M, Carter A. Optimal acute care for long-term care patients: from emergency department to home. CAN J EMERG MED 2023; 25:259-260. [PMID: 37036610 DOI: 10.1007/s43678-023-00488-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Perttu Kontunen
- Department of Public Health, Helsinki University, Yliopistonkatu 4, 00100, Helsinki, Finland.
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Services, Helsinki University and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Ria Holstein
- Department of Public Health, Helsinki University, Yliopistonkatu 4, 00100, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Services, Helsinki University and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maaret Castrén
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Services, Helsinki University and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Alix Carter
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
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Schwartz RI, Gleason JA, O'Neill HS, Procopio NA, Spayd SE. Targeted education and outreach to neighbors of homes with high gross alpha radioactivity in domestic well water. J Environ Radioact 2023; 259-260:107124. [PMID: 36724575 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2023.107124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Gross alpha, a measurement of radioactivity in drinking water, is the most frequent laboratory test to exceed primary drinking water standards among wells tested under the New Jersey Private Well Testing Act (NJ PWTA). Certain geological factors prevalent in New Jersey (NJ) are primarily responsible for the presence of radioactivity in private well drinking water and thus, many of the estimated one million private well users in NJ may be at-risk of water contamination from naturally occurring radionuclides. Neighbor-based private well outreach methodology was utilized to identify high risk wells in both northern and southern NJ regions and offer free private well testing for radionuclides. Previously tested wells with gross alpha exceeding or equal to 3.7 becquerels per liter (Bq L-1; 100 pCi/L) were selected (n = 49) to identify neighbors (n = 406) within 152.4 m (500 feet). Invitation letters were mailed to selected neighbors and some of the previously tested high wells (n = 12) offering free water sampling for the following parameters: gross alpha (48-hour rapid test), combined radium-226 and radium-228 (Ra-226 + Ra-228), uranium-238 (U-238), radon-222 (Rn-222) and iron. Overall, 70 neighbors and 5 high PWTA wells participated in this free water testing opportunity. For neighboring wells, gross alpha results revealed 47 (67.1%) wells exceeding the gross alpha MCL of 0.555 Bq L-1 (15 pCi/L) mainly due to radium activity in the raw/untreated water. Of those with water treatment (n = 62), 12 (19.4%) treated water samples exceeded the gross alpha MCL. Targeting neighbors of known highly radioactive wells for private well testing is an effective public health outreach method and can also provide useful insight of regional contaminant variations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca I Schwartz
- Environmental and Occupational Health Surveillance Program, New Jersey Department of Health, PO Box 369, Trenton, NJ 08625, USA
| | - Jessie A Gleason
- Environmental and Occupational Health Surveillance Program, New Jersey Department of Health, PO Box 369, Trenton, NJ 08625, USA.
| | - Heidi S O'Neill
- Division of Science and Research, New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, PO Box 420, Trenton, NJ 08625, USA
| | - Nicholas A Procopio
- Division of Science and Research, New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, PO Box 420, Trenton, NJ 08625, USA
| | - Steven E Spayd
- New Jersey Geological and Water Survey, New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, 29 Arctic Parkway, Ewing, NJ 08625, USA; Diagnosis Water, LLC, 411 Doylestown Road - Unit 905, Montgomeryville, PA 18936, USA
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35
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Bell EA. Increasing accessibility to biomechanics for Black students with early exposure through NBD. J Biomech 2023; 151:111516. [PMID: 36893520 PMCID: PMC10339796 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2023.111516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
From the perspective of a Black woman in the biomechanics field, it is my observation that many Black biomechanists are exposed to the field of biomechanics late into their academic careers. STEM (science, technology, and mathematics) is such a broad/encompassing field, yet students are only typically given a narrow introduction to biology and chemistry prior to college. These basic science courses are not enough to continue recruiting and building a pathway for future scientists to pursue STEM careers in the interdisciplinary field of biomechanics. Outreach programs, like National Biomechanics Day (NBD), can expose students to biomechanics earlier than the usual undergraduate exposure for those majoring in health/exercise science, kinesiology, or biomedical/mechanical engineering. NBD has increased accessibility to biomechanics, which has led to increases in diversity, equity, and inclusion in the biomechanics community, particularly for young Black students. Outreach programs like NBD are crucial to reaching, engaging, and recruiting future young Black biomechanists, and others from underrepresented communities, within the US and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica A Bell
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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36
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Benstead ML, Stones J, Gibson G, Moody LJ, Little K, Toumbourou JW. Program logic of a mental health outreach service for socially anxious youth. Eval Program Plann 2023; 97:102250. [PMID: 36739745 DOI: 10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2023.102250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Youth mental health is a major concern both in Australia and internationally. Identifying at-risk young people is a core service priority. This report describes a "Youth Social Inclusion Program" developed in Australia to assist young people identified as having social difficulties that prevent them linking into formal mental health services. This report describes the Australian service context and uses the "program explication" methodology to document: the program activities, therapeutic processes, and underpinning evidence for the benefits of this service. Program explication is a consulting method designed to assist services to identify and review implicit program logic assumptions against evaluation literature. We demonstrate the application of this method in exploring the assumptions and evidence for the Youth Social Inclusion Program, targeting outreach to socially anxious young people in Australia. The Youth Social Inclusion Program involved seven logically consistent activities. Our literature search revealed moderate evidence for the expected benefits of the activities. This practice-based design drew on several theoretical perspectives. Given that the program logic has been established, we outline a proposal for further evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Benstead
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Deakin University, 1 Gheringhap Street, Geelong 3220, Australia.
| | - J Stones
- Headspace Geelong, 105 Yarra Street, Geelong 3220, Australia; Barwon Child, Youth & Family, 222 Malop Street, Geelong 3220, Australia
| | - G Gibson
- Headspace Geelong, 105 Yarra Street, Geelong 3220, Australia; Barwon Child, Youth & Family, 222 Malop Street, Geelong 3220, Australia
| | - L J Moody
- Barwon Child, Youth & Family, 222 Malop Street, Geelong 3220, Australia; School of Medicine, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds 3216, Australia
| | - K Little
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Deakin University, 1 Gheringhap Street, Geelong 3220, Australia; Barwon Child, Youth & Family, 222 Malop Street, Geelong 3220, Australia
| | - J W Toumbourou
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Deakin University, 1 Gheringhap Street, Geelong 3220, Australia
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Mehta M, Teymouri M, Puthuparampil-Mehta B, Sawh C, Paty P, Kostun ZW, Jayakumar L, Scher L. Outcomes of the V-Healthy education and awareness program that empowers high school students to understand and diagnose vascular disease risk factors. J Vasc Surg 2023; 77:1245-1249. [PMID: 36565781 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2022.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION V-Healthy (Center for Vascular Awareness Inc, Latham NY) is a grassroots vascular health education and awareness campaign that educates high school students about the importance of the vascular disease risks they face today and its impact decades later, and empowers health care professionals and schoolteachers to lead vascular health education in their communities. This study evaluates the impact of the V-Healthy initiative in empowering and educating adolescents about the implications of vascular disease risk factors and in creating a blueprint for a community outreach program that focuses on vascular health and disease education and awareness. METHODS The V-Healthy program is an initiative that connects community vascular health care professionals and educators with high school students, for a day of vascular health education. The V-Healthy program curriculum is provided in two distinct stages. Stage I consists of didactic vascular health education and takes place in the classroom for the duration of one class period (40-50 minutes). The class period is divided into four sessions including a PowerPoint presentation to teach the impact of vascular disease risk factors (hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, smoking/vaping, and genetics) on the development of peripheral arterial disease, venous disease, aortic disease, and stroke, and three hands-on sessions that introduce students to vascular innovation and technology, vascular patients, and the diagnosis of a vascular disease risk factor such as hypertension. Stage I concludes with a student questionnaire aimed to gauge students' retention of the material and attitude toward the program. Stage II offers students (with parental consent) the opportunity to participate in the "Diagnosing Hypertension" study. Students were provided automated blood pressure monitors and taught to measure blood pressure in their parents daily for 1 week. Findings are recorded in designated blood pressure logs, which are then categorized using the 2018 American Heart Association blood pressure categorization system: normal (<120/<80), elevated (120-129/<80), stage I (130-139/80-89), or stage II (≥140/≥90). No identifiable student or guardian information is collected. RESULTS Over 3 years, more than 12,000 students participated in the V-Healthy program and 5120 students completed student surveys, which indicated that 97% improved their understanding of vascular health, >93% could identify vascular disease risk factors, 84% wanted to educate their families, and 76% wanted more vascular health education. A total of 1064 students participated in the "Diagnosing Hypertension" study and diagnosed hypertension in 73% of their parents: 34% for stage I hypertension and 39% for stage II hypertension. Over a 3-year period of this study, the number of schools participating increased 20-fold (from 1 to 20), the number of volunteer vascular health professionals and schoolteachers increased 13-fold (from 16 to 210), and our ability to connect with and impact high school students grew 15-fold (from 800 to over 12,000). CONCLUSIONS V-Healthy is the first program to connect over 12,000 students to vascular health professionals in their communities to empower them to diagnose and understand vascular disease risk factors and their implications on the development of vascular disease. Furthermore, the V-Healthy program has displayed substantial growth over a 3-year period in impacting high school students and vascular health care professionals, and has the potential to be used as a blueprint for community-based vascular health education and awareness initiatives.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Larry Scher
- Divison of Vascular & Endovascular Surgery, Department of Cardiothoracic & Vascular Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY
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Cheng BL, Duminie SP, Mitei M, Pickhardt PJ, Kanne JP, Parker RK, Hartung MP. CT without borders: Comparison of diagnoses for abdominal pain from a teaching hospital in rural Kenya and a US academic medical center. Abdom Radiol (NY) 2023; 48:2196-2205. [PMID: 36941388 PMCID: PMC10027257 DOI: 10.1007/s00261-023-03869-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Radiology global health opportunities are expanding as more hospitals in low- and middle-income countries utilize CT. This creates opportunities for global health program building, education, service, and research. This study determines the diagnostic yield and variety of abdominopelvic CT diagnoses for abdominal pain in a US academic medical center (UW) compared to a rural Kenyan teaching hospital (Tenwek). METHODS A retrospective, cross-sectional sequential sample of 750 adults from both hospitals who underwent abdominopelvic CT for abdominal pain from February 2019 through July 2020 was obtained. Exclusion criteria were trauma, cancer staging, and recent hospitalization or surgery. Patient age, sex, comparison studies, use of contrast, known cancer diagnosis, and CT diagnoses were compared. Negative exam rate, acute abdomen diagnosis, and new cancer diagnosis were recorded. Statistical analysis was performed using R. RESULTS 750 UW patients met inclusion criteria (mean age 53.3 ± 20 years; 442 women) and 750 Tenwek patients met inclusion criteria (mean age 52.5 ± 18 years; 394 women). 72% of UW patients had comparison imaging compared to 6% of Tenwek patients. 11% (83/750) of UW patients had a known cancer diagnosis compared to 1% (10/750) of Tenwek patients. 39% of UW patients had a negative exam compared to 23% of Tenwek patients (p < 0.001). 58% of UW patients had an acute abdomen diagnosis compared to 38% of Tenwek patients (p < 0.001). 10 of the 15 top acute abdomen diagnoses were shared, but in different order of frequency. Diagnoses unique to UW were diverticulitis, constipation, stercoral colitis, and epiploic appendagitis. Diagnoses unique to Tenwek were tuberculosis and hydatidosis. 3% of UW patients received a new cancer diagnosis (7/19 metastatic), compared to 40% of Tenwek patients (153/303 metastatic) (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION For adults undergoing CT for abdominal pain, there are differences in the prevalence of abdominal pain diagnoses, new cancer diagnosis, and negative exam rate between the rural Kenyan teaching hospital and the US academic medical center.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan L Cheng
- University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sean P Duminie
- University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Mercy Mitei
- Department of Surgery, Tenwek Hospital, Bomet, Kenya
| | - Perry J Pickhardt
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, 600 Highland Ave, E3/311 CSC, Madison, WI, 53792-3252, USA
| | - Jeffrey P Kanne
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, 600 Highland Ave, E3/311 CSC, Madison, WI, 53792-3252, USA
| | | | - Michael P Hartung
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, 600 Highland Ave, E3/311 CSC, Madison, WI, 53792-3252, USA.
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Reed CA, Adams LW, MacFadden LN. Recommendations for success in biomechanics outreach. J Biomech 2023; 149:111462. [PMID: 36812798 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2023.111462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Student engagement in science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) through informal outreach events is critical to the current educational pipeline. National Biomechanics Day (NBD) is a STEM outreach event that is an international celebration of the science of biomechanics with the goal of introducing high school students to the field. While NBD has experienced global success and substantial growth in recent years, it is an equally rewarding and challenging endeavor to host an NBD event. In this paper, we provide recommendations and mechanisms for biomechanics professionals to support their success in hosting biomechanics outreach events. Although these guidelines are framed around hosting an NBD event, the underlying principles can apply to hosting any STEM outreach event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody A Reed
- Sanford Engineering & Applied Sciences, Sanford Health, Sioux Falls, SD, United States; Sanford Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, Sanford Health, Sioux Falls, SD, United States
| | - Luke W Adams
- Sanford Engineering & Applied Sciences, Sanford Health, Sioux Falls, SD, United States; Sanford Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, Sanford Health, Sioux Falls, SD, United States
| | - Lisa N MacFadden
- Sanford Engineering & Applied Sciences, Sanford Health, Sioux Falls, SD, United States; Sanford Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, Sanford Health, Sioux Falls, SD, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD, United States; The Biomechanics Initiative, United States.
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Zaferiou AM. Dance-Themed National Biomechanics Day Community Engagement to Inspire our Future STEAM Leaders. J Biomech 2023; 150:111511. [PMID: 36870260 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2023.111511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Community engagement experiences through National Biomechanics Day (NBD) that focused on dance biomechanics have provided excellent Science, Technology, Engineering, Art, and Math (STEAM) learning opportunities. During these experiences, bidirectional learning has been enjoyed by the biomechanists hosting the events and the kindergarten through 12th grade student attendees. In this article, perspectives are shared about dance biomechanics and hosting dance-themed NBD events. Importantly, examples of high school student feedback are provided that point towards the positive impact of NBD by inviting future generations to advance the field of biomechanics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia M Zaferiou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken NJ, USA.
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Shultz SP, Buck AN. Let's go! The impact of mobile laboratory technology on STEM accessibility during National Biomechanics Day. J Biomech 2023; 148:111463. [PMID: 36746080 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2023.111463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
National Biomechanics Day continues to expose thousands of youth to the biomechanics discipline each year. As part of the 2022 events, Seattle University used its Kinesiology Mobile Lab to host multiple National Biomechanics Day events across Washington state, engaging over 600 youth in a one-month period. This case study in hands-on experiential learning highlights the use of on-site demonstrations to increase accessibility to STEM education and educational resources.
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Sorsa M, Hohenthal M, Pikulinsky M, Sellergren H, Puura K. Qualitative description of outreach and engagement in perinatal substance treatment in Finland. Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy 2023; 18:6. [PMID: 36681846 PMCID: PMC9862241 DOI: 10.1186/s13011-022-00513-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Women with perinatal substance problems experience a multitude of barriers to care. They have specific early intervention needs, they endure societal stigma, and both substances and mental health issues influence the way they navigate within support and treatment systems. Early interventions for women with perinatal substance problems are underresearched contexts. The aim of the study is to describe building relationships and engagement within an outreach and low threshold service encounter tailored for pregnant women with SUD (substance use disorder). METHODS The data consist of online written narratives from 11 workers involved in the program and feedback from 504 families in the recovery process comprising 228 open-ended answers. The data were analyzed with a thematic analysis. RESULTS The programs are characterized by flexibility and the implementation of inclusive ways to approach families. The themes for enhancing relationships and engagement within outreach and low threshold programs are Acceptance and attitude: a sensitive approach of approval; flexibility within strictness to allow for diversity and individuality; availability and space to ensure a trustful atmosphere; negotiating via doing to build connections; and everyday life changes: imagining recovery. The themes represent the need of being available, focusing on the worker's attitudes and building connections by doing together, and visioning recovery together. CONCLUSIONS The study results can add to the understanding of SUD outreach and low threshold work during pregnancy. The elements described in this study need further theoretical development, research and critical assessment. Building relationships during pregnancy were characterized by connecting within everyday life situations and supporting the development of an attachment relationship between the baby and the parents. To promote recovery, a comprehensive approach in which substance-related issues and mental health conditions are interconnected can be favored. Engaging early on during pregnancy might enhance success during future rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minna Sorsa
- Child Psychiatry, Tampere University Hospital, Pirkanmaa Hospital District, Tampere, Finland
- Nursing Science, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Biokatu 12, FM 5 (4-306), SF-33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Maria Hohenthal
- The Federation of Mother and Child Homes and Shelters, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Miia Pikulinsky
- The Federation of Mother and Child Homes and Shelters, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hanna Sellergren
- The Federation of Mother and Child Homes and Shelters, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kaija Puura
- Child Psychiatry, Tampere University Hospital, Pirkanmaa Hospital District, Tampere, Finland
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, TamCAM Research Centre, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
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Tsai J, Solis V, Schick V. Medical Care Needs of Laundromat Users in San Antonio, Texas: A Potentially Unique Setting for Health Interventions. J Community Health 2023; 48:1-9. [PMID: 36006533 DOI: 10.1007/s10900-022-01137-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Innovative community-based public-private partnerships are forming to address health needs of underserved communities. This study partnered with laundromats in San Antonio, Texas to understand the health and healthcare needs of laundromat users as a possible underserved population. A total of 193 laundromat users across eight laundromats participated in a survey based on the Texas Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) that asked about health status, access to care, vaccinations, and use of preventive healthcare services. Responses were compared to population estimates from Bexar County and the state of Texas. Results showed that over half of the sample of laundromat users were female, racial/ethnic minorities, living at poverty level, and did not have health insurance coverage. Compared to county and state population estimates, laundromat users were significantly more likely to report poor health and physical impairment; and were less likely to have a primary care provider, to have received a routine medical checkup in the past year, and to have been tested for HIV. Laundromat users were also less likely to receive some gender-specific preventive healthcare screenings such as pap smears and mammograms for women, and prostate exams for men than county or state population estimates. In the laundromat sample, 78% expressed interest in receiving healthcare services on-site at laundromats. Together, these findings suggest laundromats may be a unique setting for healthcare intervention to reach undeserved, racial/ethnic minority communities. Pilot programs that target this setting are needed to explore this opportunity to deliver community-based public health practice.
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Starks SL, Kelly EL, Castillo EG, Meldrum ML, Bourgois P, Braslow JT. Client Outreach in Los Angeles County's Assisted Outpatient Treatment Program: Strategies and Barriers to Engagement. Res Soc Work Pract 2022; 32:839-854. [PMID: 36081900 PMCID: PMC9447859 DOI: 10.1177/1049731520949918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Assisted Outpatient Treatment (AOT) programs can compel treatment-refusing individuals to participate in mental health treatment via civil court order. In California's AOT programs, individuals first must be offered 30 days of outreach services and can accept services voluntarily. This study examines the use of outreach strategies in an AOT program with the potential for voluntary or involuntary enrollment. Methods Outreach staff completed a survey in which they reported and rated outreach strategies and barriers to treatment for 487 AOT-referred individuals. Results Outreach staff reported using a broad array of strategies to persuade and engage clients. Supportive and persuasive strategies were most common. More coercive strategies, including court order, were used when needed. More clients enrolled voluntarily (39.4%) than involuntarily (7.2%). Conclusions Outreach, coupled with the strategic used of potential court involvement, can lead to voluntary enrollment of treatment-refusing individuals with many, often severe, barriers to engaging in outpatient treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L. Starks
- Center for Social Medicine and Humanities, Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine and Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine
| | - Erin L. Kelly
- Center for Social Medicine and Humanities, Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine and Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine
- Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, University of Southern California
| | - Enrico G. Castillo
- Center for Social Medicine and Humanities, Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine and Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine
- Los Angeles County Department of Mental Health
| | - Marcia L. Meldrum
- Center for Social Medicine and Humanities, Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine and Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine
| | - Philippe Bourgois
- Center for Social Medicine and Humanities, Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine and Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine
| | - Joel T. Braslow
- Center for Social Medicine and Humanities, Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine and Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine
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de la Vega GJ, Falconaro AC, Soria L, Corley JC. Integrated Pest Management Education: a Video-Game to Improve Management of Drosophila suzukii, Soft-Skin Fruit Pest. Neotrop Entomol 2022; 51:801-807. [PMID: 35708901 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-022-00977-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The transition from the conventional global agriculture to an agroecological model poses a teaching and learning challenge to facilitate the wide variety of practices and the many biological processes involved. Games, such as board games, video-games, or mobile apps, are elements that may be used for teaching agroecology, environmental education, or animal conservation. Here, we present a video-game designed to contribute to integrated pest management education. The Spotted-Stop-It video-game is a single-player game which encourages participation, disseminates knowledge on the pest problem and its potential solutions (i.e., harvest frequency, sanitation, and management of alternative non-crop plants), and highlights the importance of good practices from an agroecological perspective at the farmer scale. In a farm-tech regional fair, we presented the game to its users and performed a simple retrospective survey. The survey results showed that most participants did not know about the fly prior to playing the game (34 ind., 68%), but were able to recognize the species among other flies after playing (23 ind., ~ 65%). Also, 21 individuals correctly responded about the effects of this pest on soft-skin fruits ("the fly lays eggs inside the fruit"). The training of future generations on new insect invasions and IPM practices with elements of their own environment may prove to be important to transmit concepts and practices at the service of sustainable crop protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerardo Jose de la Vega
- Grupo de Ecología de Poblaciones de Insectos, IFAB CONICET-INTA, EEA Bariloche, Bariloche, Argentina.
| | - Antonella Carla Falconaro
- Grupo de Ecología de Poblaciones de Insectos, IFAB CONICET-INTA, EEA Bariloche, Bariloche, Argentina
| | - Lihuen Soria
- Grupo de Ecología de Poblaciones de Insectos, IFAB CONICET-INTA, EEA Bariloche, Bariloche, Argentina
| | - Juan Carlos Corley
- Grupo de Ecología de Poblaciones de Insectos, IFAB CONICET-INTA, EEA Bariloche, Bariloche, Argentina
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Mekinda MA, Rogg SR, Peña CG, Domecki ML, Goss KH, Galinski B, Dolan ME. Chicago EYES on Cancer: Fostering Diversity in Biomedicine through Cancer Research Training for Students and Teachers. J STEM Outreach 2022; 5:10.15695/jstem/v5i2.11. [PMID: 36571071 PMCID: PMC9788461 DOI: 10.15695/jstem/v5i2.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The National Cancer Institute's Youth Enjoy Science Research Education Program (YES) supports cancer-based research experiences, curriculum development and outreach activities to foster diversity in the biomedical workforce. The University of Chicago Medicine Comprehensive Cancer Center was among the first recipients of the YES award in 2017, launching the Chicago EYES (Educators and Youth Enjoy Science) on Cancer program for high school and college students. The EYES team also introduced immersive research experiences and mentored curriculum development for high school science teachers, a potentially powerful means to extend science enrichment and career exposure to schools across Chicago. Ongoing evaluation of the EYES program suggests positive outcomes in terms of trainees' research skill development and their knowledge about, and positive attitudes towards, careers in biomedicine. Teacher research fellows reported that the program inspired new insights about science learning and practice that not only strengthened their skills as science educators, but also improved their ability to relate to their pupils. These findings contribute to the broader effort to establish best practices among cancer research training programs, particularly those with a shared mission to empower youth from diverse backgrounds to contribute to a field deeply in need of their talents and perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan A. Mekinda
- University of Chicago Medicine Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | | | - Christopher G. Peña
- University of Chicago Medicine Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Michelle L. Domecki
- University of Chicago Medicine Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Kathleen H. Goss
- University of Chicago Medicine Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Basia Galinski
- University of Chicago Medicine Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - M. Eileen Dolan
- University of Chicago Medicine Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
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Austin JD, Burke K, Argov EJL, Hillyer GC, Schmitt KM, McDonald J, Shelton RC, Terry MB, Tehranifar P. Experience of a National Cancer Institute-Designated Community Outreach and Engagement Program in Supporting Communities During the COVID-19 Pandemic. J Community Health 2022. [PMID: 35819548 DOI: 10.1007/s10900-022-01115-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVD-19) continues to disrupt cancer care delivery efforts and exacerbate existing health inequities. Here we describe the impact of COVID-19 on community outreach organizations partnering with a National Cancer Institute-designated Community Outreach and Engagement (COE) office in New York City (NYC) and lessons learned from these experiences. Between July and September of 2020, we conducted 16 semi-structured interviews with community key-informants to validate and inform efforts to support community organizations in response to COVID-19. Key-informants represented organizations performing a broad range of health and cancer care activities serving historically underserved, low-income, marginalized communities of color in NYC. All interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using rapid qualitative approaches. We summarize our response to challenges raised by partnering organizations. Themes included the impact of COVID-19 on communities served, challenges faced by organizations, and solutions to address COVID-19 related challenges. The COE and community organizations had to shift priorities and adapt engagement efforts to address the more urgent needs of the community (e.g., emotional distress, food insecurity). COVID-19 disrupted traditional community engagement activities for cancer outreach-calling for creativity and innovation in the community engagement process and shift in priorities. The COE responded by maintaining ongoing dialogue with community partners, by being flexible in scope/priorities beyond cancer prevention and control, and by providing education, outreach, fundraising and other resources, and developing new partnerships to meet needs of community organizations and the populations they serve.
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Zoran S, Anbouba G, Zhao Q, Harris A, Williams KB, Schwoerer JS. Telemedicine in the Amish and Mennonite communities of Wisconsin. J Community Genet 2022. [PMID: 35790687 DOI: 10.1007/s12687-022-00599-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The Plain Community (PC) is a medically underserved group found predominantly in the northeastern and midwestern USA. Due to the community's founder population with few converts and infrequent outside marriage, metabolic and genetic disorders are more prevalent. Individuals in the PC experience geographic, financial, and cultural barriers when accessing healthcare. In Wisconsin, a collaboration between clinicians at a rural community health clinic and the academic medical clinic established an outreach clinic for medical genetics located in a rural location closer to a Wisconsin PC which consists of both Amish and Mennonite communities. However, patients with acute medical concerns requiring more urgent genetics care must travel to the academic center. Telemedicine (TM) is a technology that increases access to healthcare, often reducing financial and travel barriers. Using survey tools, we explored whether TM could be used to provide genetic services to individuals in the Wisconsin PC at an outreach clinic. Results indicated that 36% of survey participants responded favorably to receiving services by TM at a clinic designed for the PC. Members of the Mennonite community are significantly more likely to consider receiving services via TM than those of the Amish community. The results of the surveys indicate potential utility of TM at the outreach clinic as alternative way to improve access to genetic and other subspecialty services for the PC.
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Shipman JP, Burroughs CM, Rambo N. NLM's library network: A force for outreach. Inf Serv Use 2022; 41:255-267. [PMID: 35602568 PMCID: PMC9074426 DOI: 10.3233/isu-210127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This chapter considers the transformation of U.S. National Library of Medicine's (NLM) national network of libraries into an effective force for spreading awareness of NLM's resources, services, and tools and increasing their use. Several examples of network programs and projects are recounted to illustrate the influence of NLM's longest serving Director, Donald A.B. Lindberg M.D. on the development and evolution of NLM's library network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean P. Shipman
- Librarian Emerita, Spencer S. Eccles Health Sciences Library, University of Utah, USA
| | | | - Neil Rambo
- Grossman School of Medicine, New York University, USA
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Dutcher GA, Scott JC. Environmental Health Information Partnership (EnHIP): Strengthening the capacity of minority serving institutions. Inf Serv Use 2022; 41:213-220. [PMID: 35602562 PMCID: PMC9071790 DOI: 10.3233/isu-210123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The U.S. National Library of Medicine's (NLM) Environmental Health Information Partnership (EnHIP) collaborates with Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs) and other minority-serving academic institutions to enhance their capacity to reduce health disparities through the access, use, and delivery of environmental health information on their campuses and in their communities. The partnership began in 1991 as the Toxicology Information Outreach Panel (TIOP) pilot project, and through successive iterations it is NLM's longest running outreach activity. EnHIP's continued relevance today as an information outreach and training program testifies to the prescience of NLM director, Donald A.B. Lindberg M.D's initial support for the program. Dr. Lindberg's seeing to its continued success to benefit participating institutions and help achieve the societal goals of environmental justice serve as well to benefit NLM by increasing its visibility, and use of its resources in the classroom, for research, and in community outreach. NLM envisions an expanding role for EnHIP in advancing health equity as the impact of environmental exposure, climate change, and increasing zoonotic diseases disproportionately impact their communities.
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