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Kyriacou C, Ledger A, Bobdiwala S, Ayim F, Kirk E, Abughazza O, Guha S, Vathanan V, Gould D, Timmerman D, Van Calster B, Bourne T. Updating M6 pregnancy of unknown location risk-prediction model including evaluation of clinical factors. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2024; 63:408-418. [PMID: 37842861 DOI: 10.1002/uog.27515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Ectopic pregnancy (EP) is a major high-risk outcome following a pregnancy of unknown location (PUL) classification. Biochemical markers are used to triage PUL as high vs low risk to guide appropriate follow-up. The M6 model is currently the best risk-prediction model. We aimed to update the M6 model and evaluate whether performance can be improved by including clinical factors. METHODS This prospective cohort study recruited consecutive PUL between January 2015 and January 2017 at eight units (Phase 1), with two centers continuing recruitment between January 2017 and March 2021 (Phase 2). Serum samples were collected routinely and sent for β-human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG) and progesterone measurement. Clinical factors recorded were maternal age, pain score, bleeding score and history of EP. Based on transvaginal ultrasonography and/or biochemical confirmation during follow-up, PUL were classified subsequently as failed PUL (FPUL), intrauterine pregnancy (IUP) or EP (including persistent PUL (PPUL)). The M6 models with (M6P ) and without (M6NP ) progesterone were refitted and extended with clinical factors. Model validation was performed using internal-external cross-validation (IECV) (Phase 1) and temporal external validation (EV) (Phase 2). Missing values were handled using multiple imputation. RESULTS Overall, 5473 PUL were recruited over both phases. A total of 709 PUL were excluded because maternal age was < 16 years or initial β-hCG was ≤ 25 IU/L, leaving 4764 (87%) PUL for analysis (2894 in Phase 1 and 1870 in Phase 2). For the refitted M6P model, the area under the receiver-operating-characteristics curve (AUC) for EP/PPUL vs IUP/FPUL was 0.89 for IECV and 0.84-0.88 for EV, with respective sensitivities of 94% and 92-93%. For the refitted M6NP model, the AUCs were 0.85 for IECV and 0.82-0.86 for EV, with respective sensitivities of 92% and 93-94%. Calibration performance was good overall, but with heterogeneity between centers. Net Benefit confirmed clinical utility. The change in AUC when M6P was extended to include maternal age, bleeding score and history of EP was between -0.02 and 0.01, depending on center and phase. The corresponding change in AUC when M6NP was extended was between -0.01 and 0.03. At the 5% threshold to define high risk of EP/PPUL, extending M6P altered sensitivity by -0.02 to -0.01, specificity by 0.03 to 0.04 and Net Benefit by -0.005 to 0.006. Extending M6NP altered sensitivity by -0.03 to -0.01, specificity by 0.05 to 0.07 and Net Benefit by -0.005 to 0.006. CONCLUSIONS The updated M6 model offers accurate diagnostic performance, with excellent sensitivity for EP. Adding clinical factors to the model improved performance in some centers, especially when progesterone levels were not suitable or unavailable. © 2023 The Authors. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Kyriacou
- Tommy's National Centre for Miscarriage Research, Queen Charlotte's and Chelsea Hospital, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - A Ledger
- Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - S Bobdiwala
- Tommy's National Centre for Miscarriage Research, Queen Charlotte's and Chelsea Hospital, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - F Ayim
- Department of Gynaecology, Hillingdon Hospital NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - E Kirk
- Department of Gynaecology, Royal Free NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - O Abughazza
- Department of Gynaecology, Royal Surrey County Hospital, Guildford, UK
| | - S Guha
- Department of Gynaecology, Chelsea and Westminster NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - V Vathanan
- Department of Gynaecology, Wexham Park Hospital, London, UK
| | - D Gould
- Department of Gynaecology, St Mary's Hospital, London, UK
| | - D Timmerman
- Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Gynecology, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - B Van Calster
- Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - T Bourne
- Tommy's National Centre for Miscarriage Research, Queen Charlotte's and Chelsea Hospital, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Gynecology, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Ashley MS, Phillips J, Eure G. How I Do It: The prostatic urethral lift for obstructive median lobes. Can J Urol 2023; 30:11509-11515. [PMID: 37074752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
Millions of men in North America suffering from lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) secondary to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) are managed on medical therapy. Most patients, however, report poor adherence, and yet relatively few pursue more definitive surgical solutions. The Prostatic Urethral Lift (PUL) was designed to address many of the patient-identified barriers to surgery, namely iatrogenic sexual dysfunction, incontinence, lengthy recovery and postoperative catheterization. Randomized studies and large real world multicenter and database studies have demonstrated safety and effectiveness of PUL when addressing lateral lobe disease. In recent years further technique and device development has led to the FDA approval for PUL addressing obstructive median lobes as well. At 12 months, PUL median lobe patients in a controlled trial and a large retrospective study experienced average IPSS improvement of 13.5 and 11.6 points, QoL improvement of 3.0 and 2.1 points, and Qmax improvement of 6.4 and 7.1 mL/sec, respectively. In the controlled setting, both ejaculatory and erectile function were preserved and postoperative catheterization rates, while higher than lateral lobe PUL rates, were similarly short lived with a mean duration of 1.2 days. We describe the current technique for performing PUL to address the obstructive median lobe and detail a new device, which can make it easier to alleviate obstruction due to trilobar anatomy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jason Phillips
- Urology Group of Virginia, Virginia Beach, Virginia, USA
| | - Gregg Eure
- Urology San Diego, Oceanside, California, USA
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Sobierajska-Rek A, Wasilewska E, Śledzińska K, Jabłońska-Brudło J, Małgorzewicz S, Wasilewski A, Szalewska D. The Association between the Respiratory System and Upper Limb Strength in Males with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: A New Field for Intervention? Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:15675. [PMID: 36497753 PMCID: PMC9736927 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192315675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Progressive, irreversible muscle weakness is the leading symptom of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), often resulting in death from respiratory muscle failure. Little is known about the relationship between the functioning of the respiratory system and the hand grip-a function which remains long preserved. This study aimed to investigate the interdependence between muscle strength and the function of both hand grip and the respiratory system in patients with DMD. MATERIALS AND METHOD The study included cohort patients, aged 6-17, with DMD, recruited from the Rare Disease Centre, Gdansk, Poland. Clinical status (Vignos scale, Brook scale), pulmonary function (respiratory muscle strength-MIP, MEP); spirometry (FEV1; FVC), as well as upper limb function (performance of the upper limb-PUL 2.0) and hand grip strength (HGS) (hand-held dynamometer) were evaluated in all participants. RESULTS Finally, 53 boys (mean age 11.41 ± 3.70 years, 25 non-ambulant) were included. Each of the participants presented a lower %pv of MIP (48.11 ± 27), MEP (38.11 ± 22), PUL (75.64 ± 27), and HGS (33.28 ± 18). There were differences between the ambulatory and non-ambulatory groups in values of MIP, MEP, FVC, PUL, HGS (p < 0.001 for all), and FEV1 (p < 0.013). There were correlations between PUL, HGS, and MIP (R = 0.56; R = 0.61, p < 0.001 both), MEP (R = 0.59; R = 0.62, p < 0.001), FVC (R = 0.77; R = 0.77, p < 0.001), and FEV1 (R = 0.77; R = 0.79; p < 0.001). These correlations were found for all participants, but non-ambulatory patients presented stronger relationships. CONCLUSIONS 1. The pulmonary and upper limb functions were within the normal range in ambulatory and low in non-ambulatory patients with DMD, but the muscle strength of both systems was low, regardless of the stage of the disease. 2. There seems to be an interdependence between the respiratory system and upper limb strength in terms of muscle strength and function in DMD patients, which is stronger in non-ambulatory patients. This may be the basis for the creation of a new personalized plan in rehabilitation-the simultaneous rehabilitation of the respiratory and upper limb muscles. Further studies on this theory should be conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Sobierajska-Rek
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences with the Institute of Maritime and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-219 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Eliza Wasilewska
- Department of Pulmonology and Allergology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Karolina Śledzińska
- Department of Internal and Pediatric Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences with the Institute of Maritime and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Joanna Jabłońska-Brudło
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences with the Institute of Maritime and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-219 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Sylwia Małgorzewicz
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences with the Institute of Maritime and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Andrzej Wasilewski
- Student Scientific Association at Department of Physical Education and Sport, Wroclaw Medical University, 51-601 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Dominika Szalewska
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences with the Institute of Maritime and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-219 Gdańsk, Poland
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Adams AND, Azam MS, Costliow ZA, Ma X, Degnan PH, Vanderpool CK. A Novel Family of RNA-Binding Proteins Regulate Polysaccharide Metabolism in Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron. J Bacteriol 2021; 203:e0021721. [PMID: 34251866 PMCID: PMC8508124 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00217-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Human gut microbiome composition is constantly changing, and diet is a major driver of these changes. Gut microbial species that persist in mammalian hosts for long periods of time must possess mechanisms for sensing and adapting to nutrient shifts to avoid being outcompeted. Global regulatory mechanisms mediated by RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) that govern responses to nutrient shifts have been characterized in Proteobacteria and Firmicutes but remain undiscovered in the Bacteroidetes. Here, we report the identification of RBPs that are broadly distributed across the Bacteroidetes, with many genomes encoding multiple copies. Genes encoding these RBPs are highly expressed in many Bacteroides species. A purified RBP, RbpB, from Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron binds to single-stranded RNA in vitro with an affinity similar to other characterized regulatory RBPs. B. thetaiotaomicron mutants lacking RBPs show dramatic shifts in expression of polysaccharide utilization and capsular polysaccharide loci, suggesting that these RBPs may act as global regulators of polysaccharide metabolism. A B. thetaiotaomicron ΔrbpB mutant shows a growth defect on dietary sugars belonging to the raffinose family of oligosaccharides (RFOs). The ΔrbpB mutant had reduced expression of BT1871, encoding a predicted RFO-degrading melibiase, compared to the wild-type strain. Mutation of BT1871 confirmed that the enzyme it encodes is essential for growth on melibiose and promotes growth on the RFOs raffinose and stachyose. Our data reveal that RbpB is required for optimal expression of BT1871 and other polysaccharide-related genes, suggesting that we have identified an important new family of global regulatory proteins in the Bacteroidetes. IMPORTANCE The human colon houses hundreds of bacterial species, including many belonging to the genus Bacteroides, that aid in breaking down our food to keep us healthy. Bacteroides have many genes responsible for breaking down different dietary carbohydrates, and complex regulatory mechanisms ensure that specific genes are only expressed when the right carbohydrates are available. In this study, we discovered that Bacteroides use a family of RNA-binding proteins as global regulators to coordinate expression of carbohydrate utilization genes. The ability to turn different carbohydrate utilization genes on and off in response to changing nutrient conditions is critical for Bacteroides to live successfully in the gut, and thus the new regulators we have identified may be important for life in the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda N. D. Adams
- Department of Microbiology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Muhammad S. Azam
- Department of Microbiology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Zachary A. Costliow
- Department of Microbiology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Xiangqian Ma
- Department of Microbiology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Patrick H. Degnan
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Carin K. Vanderpool
- Department of Microbiology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
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Colnet B, Sieber CMK, Perraudeau F, Leclerc M. FiberGrowth Pipeline: A Framework Toward Predicting Fiber-Specific Growth From Human Gut Bacteroidetes Genomes. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:632567. [PMID: 34690938 PMCID: PMC8527192 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.632567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary fibers impact gut colonic health, through the production of short-chain fatty acids. A low-fiber diet has been linked to lower bacterial diversity, obesity, type 2 diabetes, and promotion of mucosal pathogens. Glycoside hydrolases (GHs) are important enzymes involved in the bacterial catabolism of fiber into short-chain fatty acids. However, the GH involved in glycan breakdown (adhesion, hydrolysis, and fermentation) are organized in polysaccharide utilization loci (PUL) with complex modularity. Our goal was to explore how the capacity of strains, from the Bacteroidetes phylum, to grow on fiber could be predicted from their genome sequences. We designed an in silico pipeline called FiberGrowth and independently validated it for seven different fibers, on 28 genomes from Bacteroidetes-type strains. To do so, we compared the existing GH annotation tools and built PUL models by using published growth and gene expression data. FiberGrowth's prediction performance in terms of true positive rate (TPR) and false positive rate (FPR) strongly depended on available data and fiber: arabinoxylan (TPR: 0.89 and FPR: 0), inulin (0.95 and 0.33), heparin (0.8 and 0.22) laminarin (0.38 and 0.17), levan (0.3 and 0.06), mucus (0.13 and 0.38), and starch (0.73 and 0.41). Being able to better predict fiber breakdown by bacterial strains would help to understand their impact on human nutrition and health. Assuming further gene expression experiment along with discoveries on structural analysis, we hope computational tools like FiberGrowth will help researchers prioritize and design in vitro experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bénédicte Colnet
- Pendulum Therapeutics, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Mines Paristech, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Marion Leclerc
- Université Paris Saclay, INRAe, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy en Josas, France
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Lerner LB, McVary KT, Barry MJ, Bixler BR, Dahm P, Das AK, Gandhi MC, Kaplan SA, Kohler TS, Martin L, Parsons JK, Roehrborn CG, Stoffel JT, Welliver C, Wilt TJ. Management of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Attributed to Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: AUA GUIDELINE PART II-Surgical Evaluation and Treatment. J Urol 2021; 206:818-26. [PMID: 34384236 DOI: 10.1097/JU.0000000000002184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Surgical therapies for symptomatic bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) due to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) are many, and vary from minimally invasive office based to high-cost operative approaches. This Guideline presents effective evidence-based surgical management of male lower urinary tract symptoms secondary/attributed to BPH (LUTS/BPH). See accompanying algorithm for a detailed summary of procedures (figure[Figure: see text]). MATERIALS/METHODS The Minnesota Evidence Review Team searched Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library, and AHRQ databases to identify eligible studies published between January 2007 and September 2020, which includes the initial publication (2018) and amendments (2019, 2020). The Team also reviewed articles identified by Guideline Panel Members. When sufficient evidence existed, the body of evidence was assigned a strength rating of A (high), B (moderate), or C (low) for support of Strong, Moderate, or Conditional Recommendations. In the absence of sufficient evidence, information is provided as Clinical Principles and Expert Opinions (table[Table: see text]). RESULTS Twenty-four guideline statements pertinent to pre-operative and surgical management were developed. Appropriate levels of evidence and supporting text were created to direct urologic providers towards suitable and safe operative interventions for individual patient characteristics. A re-treatment section was created to direct attention to longevity and outcomes with individual approaches to help guide patient counselling and therapeutic decisions. CONCLUSION Pre-operative and surgical management of BPH requires attention to individual patient characteristics and procedural risk. Clinicians should adhere to recommendations and familiarize themselves with criteria that yields the highest likelihood of surgical success when choosing a particular approach for a particular patient.
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Wu J, Liu M, Zhou M, Wu L, Yang H, Huang L, Chen C. Isolation and genomic characterization of five novel strains of Erysipelotrichaceae from commercial pigs. BMC Microbiol 2021; 21:125. [PMID: 33888068 PMCID: PMC8063399 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-021-02193-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Members of the Erysipelotrichaceae family have a high abundance in the intestinal tract of mammals, and have been reported to be associated with host metabolic disorders and inflammatory diseases. In our previous study, we found that the abundance of Erysipelotrichaceae strains in the cecum was associated with the concentration of N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc). However, only a few members of Erysipelotrichaceae have been isolated and cultured, and their main characteristics, genomic information and the functional capacity of carbohydrate metabolism remain unknown. RESULTS In this study, we tested 10 different kinds of commercially available media and successfully isolated five Erysipelotrichaceae strains from healthy porcine feces. The five isolates were Gram-positive, and their colonies on Gifu anaerobic medium (GAM) or modified GAM were approximately 0.25-1.0 mm in diameter, and they were circular, white, convex, moist, translucent, and contained colony margins. These isolates were subjected to Oxford Nanopore and Illumina whole-genome sequencing, genome assembly, and annotation. Based on whole-genome sequences, the five strains belong to Erysipelotrichaceae bacterium OH741_COT-311, Eubacterium sp. AM28-29, and Faecalitalea cylindroides. The GC content of the five strains ranged from 34.1 to 37.37%. Functional annotation based on the Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes pathways revealed tens to hundreds of strain-specific proteins among different strains, and even between the strains showing high 16S rRNA gene sequence identity. Prediction analysis of carbohydrate metabolism revealed different capacities for metabolizing carbohydrate substrates among Erysipelotrichaceae strains. We identified that genes related to the GalNAc metabolism pathway were enriched in the genomes of all five isolates and 16 Erysipelotrichaceae strains downloaded from GenBank, suggesting the importance of GalNAc metabolism in Erysipelotrichaceae strains. Polysaccharide utilization loci (PUL) analysis revealed that the strains of Erysipelotrichaceae may have the ability to utilize plant polysaccharides. CONCLUSIONS The present study not only reports the successful isolation of novel Erysipelotrichaceae strains that enrich the cultured strains of Erysipelotrichaceae, but also provided the genome information of Erysipelotrichaceae strains for further studying the function roles of Erysipelotrichaceae in host phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyuan Wu
- National Key Laboratory for Swine genetic improvement and production technology, Ministry of Science and Technology of China, Jiangxi Agricultural University, NanChang, Jiangxi Province, 330045, People's Republic of China.
| | - Min Liu
- National Key Laboratory for Swine genetic improvement and production technology, Ministry of Science and Technology of China, Jiangxi Agricultural University, NanChang, Jiangxi Province, 330045, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengqing Zhou
- National Key Laboratory for Swine genetic improvement and production technology, Ministry of Science and Technology of China, Jiangxi Agricultural University, NanChang, Jiangxi Province, 330045, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Wu
- National Key Laboratory for Swine genetic improvement and production technology, Ministry of Science and Technology of China, Jiangxi Agricultural University, NanChang, Jiangxi Province, 330045, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Yang
- National Key Laboratory for Swine genetic improvement and production technology, Ministry of Science and Technology of China, Jiangxi Agricultural University, NanChang, Jiangxi Province, 330045, People's Republic of China
| | - Lusheng Huang
- National Key Laboratory for Swine genetic improvement and production technology, Ministry of Science and Technology of China, Jiangxi Agricultural University, NanChang, Jiangxi Province, 330045, People's Republic of China
| | - Congying Chen
- National Key Laboratory for Swine genetic improvement and production technology, Ministry of Science and Technology of China, Jiangxi Agricultural University, NanChang, Jiangxi Province, 330045, People's Republic of China.
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Wolter LA, Mitulla M, Kalem J, Daniel R, Simon M, Wietz M. CAZymes in Maribacter dokdonensis 62-1 From the Patagonian Shelf: Genomics and Physiology Compared to Related Flavobacteria and a Co-occurring Alteromonas Strain. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:628055. [PMID: 33912144 PMCID: PMC8072126 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.628055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) are an important feature of bacteria in productive marine systems such as continental shelves, where phytoplankton and macroalgae produce diverse polysaccharides. We herein describe Maribacter dokdonensis 62–1, a novel strain of this flavobacterial species, isolated from alginate-supplemented seawater collected at the Patagonian continental shelf. M. dokdonensis 62–1 harbors a diverse array of CAZymes in multiple polysaccharide utilization loci (PUL). Two PUL encoding polysaccharide lyases from families 6, 7, 12, and 17 allow substantial growth with alginate as sole carbon source, with simultaneous utilization of mannuronate and guluronate as demonstrated by HPLC. Furthermore, strain 62-1 harbors a mixed-feature PUL encoding both ulvan- and fucoidan-targeting CAZymes. Core-genome phylogeny and pangenome analysis revealed variable occurrence of these PUL in related Maribacter and Zobellia strains, indicating specialization to certain “polysaccharide niches.” Furthermore, lineage- and strain-specific genomic signatures for exopolysaccharide synthesis possibly mediate distinct strategies for surface attachment and host interaction. The wide detection of CAZyme homologs in algae-derived metagenomes suggests global occurrence in algal holobionts, supported by sharing multiple adaptive features with the hydrolytic model flavobacterium Zobellia galactanivorans. Comparison with Alteromonas sp. 76-1 isolated from the same seawater sample revealed that these co-occurring strains target similar polysaccharides but with different genomic repertoires, coincident with differing growth behavior on alginate that might mediate ecological specialization. Altogether, our study contributes to the perception of Maribacter as versatile flavobacterial polysaccharide degrader, with implications for biogeochemical cycles, niche specialization and bacteria-algae interactions in the oceans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A Wolter
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, Oldenburg, Germany.,JST ERATO Nomura Project, Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Maximilian Mitulla
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Jovan Kalem
- Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Rolf Daniel
- Genomic and Applied Microbiology and Göttingen Genomics Laboratory, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Meinhard Simon
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Wietz
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, Oldenburg, Germany.,Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
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Becattini S, Sorbara MT, Kim SG, Littmann EL, Dong Q, Walsh G, Wright R, Amoretti L, Fontana E, Hohl TM, Pamer EG. Rapid transcriptional and metabolic adaptation of intestinal microbes to host immune activation. Cell Host Microbe 2021; 29:378-393.e5. [PMID: 33539766 PMCID: PMC7954923 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2021.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The gut microbiota produces metabolites that regulate host immunity, thereby impacting disease resistance and susceptibility. The extent to which commensal bacteria reciprocally respond to immune activation, however, remains largely unexplored. Herein, we colonized mice with four anaerobic symbionts and show that acute immune responses result in dramatic transcriptional reprogramming of these commensals with minimal changes in their relative abundance. Transcriptomic changes include induction of stress-response mediators and downregulation of carbohydrate-degrading factors such as polysaccharide utilization loci (PULs). Flagellin and anti-CD3 antibody, two distinct immune stimuli, induced similar transcriptional profiles, suggesting that commensal bacteria detect common effectors or activate shared pathways when facing different host responses. Immune activation altered the intestinal metabolome within 6 hours, decreasing luminal short-chain fatty acid and increasing aromatic metabolite concentrations. Thus, intestinal bacteria, prior to detectable shifts in community composition, respond to acute host immune activation by rapidly changing gene transcription and immunomodulatory metabolite production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Becattini
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Pathology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Matthew T Sorbara
- Duchossois Family Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Sohn G Kim
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Eric L Littmann
- Duchossois Family Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Qiwen Dong
- Duchossois Family Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Gavin Walsh
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Roberta Wright
- Center for Microbes Inflammation and Cancer, Molecular Microbiology Core Facility, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Luigi Amoretti
- Center for Microbes Inflammation and Cancer, Molecular Microbiology Core Facility, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Emily Fontana
- Center for Microbes Inflammation and Cancer, Molecular Microbiology Core Facility, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Tobias M Hohl
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Infectious Diseases Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Eric G Pamer
- Duchossois Family Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
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Wu H, Ioannou E, Henrissat B, Montanier CY, Bozonnet S, O'Donohue MJ, Dumon C. Multimodularity of a GH10 Xylanase Found in the Termite Gut Metagenome. Appl Environ Microbiol 2021; 87:e01714-20. [PMID: 33187992 DOI: 10.1128/AEM.01714-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Xylan is the major hemicellulosic polysaccharide in cereals and contributes to the recalcitrance of the plant cell wall toward degradation. Bacteroidetes, one of the main phyla in rumen and human gut microbiota, have been shown to encode polysaccharide utilization loci dedicated to the degradation of xylan. Here, we present the biochemical characterization of a xylanase encoded by a bacteroidetes strain isolated from the termite gut metagenome. The functional screening of a Pseudacanthotermes militaris termite gut metagenomic library revealed an array of xylan-degrading enzymes, including P. militaris 25 (Pm25), a multimodular glycoside hydrolase family 10 (GH10). Sequence analysis showed details of the unusual domain organization of this enzyme. It consists of one catalytic domain, which is intercalated by two carbohydrate binding modules (CBMs) from family 4. The genes upstream of the genes encoding Pm25 are susC-susD-unk, suggesting Pm25 is a Xyn10C-like enzyme belonging to a polysaccharide utilization locus. The majority of Xyn10C-like enzymes shared the same interrupted domain architecture and were vastly distributed in different xylan utilization loci found in gut Bacteroidetes, indicating the importance of this enzyme in glycan acquisition for gut microbiota. To understand its unusual multimodularity and the possible role of the CBMs, a detailed characterization of the full-length Pm25 and truncated variants was performed. Results revealed that the GH10 catalytic module is specific toward the hydrolysis of xylan. Ligand binding results indicate that the GH10 module and the CBMs act independently, whereas the tandem CBM4s act synergistically with each other and improve enzymatic activity when assayed on insoluble polysaccharides. In addition, we show that the UNK protein upstream of Pm25 is able to bind arabinoxylan. Altogether, these findings contribute to a better understanding of the potential role of Xyn10C-like proteins in xylan utilization systems of gut bacteria. IMPORTANCE Xylan is the major hemicellulosic polysaccharide in cereals and contributes to the recalcitrance of the plant cell wall toward degradation. Members of the Bacteroidetes, one of the main phyla in rumen and human gut microbiota, have been shown to encode polysaccharide utilization loci dedicated to the degradation of xylan. Here, we present the biochemical characterization of a xylanase encoded by a Bacteroidetes strain isolated from the termite gut metagenome. This xylanase is a multimodular enzyme, the sequence of which is interrupted by the insertion of two CBMs from family 4. Our results show that this enzyme resembles homologues that were shown to be important for xylan degradation in rumen or human diet and show that the CBM insertion in the middle of the sequence seems to be a common feature in xylan utilization systems. This study shed light on our understanding of xylan degradation and plant cell wall deconstruction, which can be applied to several applications in food, feed, and bioeconomy.
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11
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Jing J, Wu Y, Du M, Zhang N, Wang M, Xu B, Chen M. Urethral Lift as a Safe and Effective Procedure for Prostatic Hyplasia Po pulation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Surg 2021; 7:598728. [PMID: 33425981 PMCID: PMC7793831 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2020.598728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Prostatic urethral lift (PUL) is a relatively new minimally invasive treatment procedure for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). In order to analyze the sustainability of this new protocol, a systematic review and meta-analysis is performed based on the published articles. Methods: We performed a critical review according to the preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis (PRISMA) and MOOSE guidelines. A total of 818 published articles matched our search terms, and 11 studies met the inclusion criteria. Data of each follow-up time point (1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 months) were analyzed in terms of baseline characteristics and functional and sexual health outcomes. The merged means of each time point were calculated using R package meta and shown in the tendency plot. Results: A total of 1,443 patients who underwent PUL are available for the research. At 24 months, the changes of the three indicators are statistically significant (IPSS 9.40 points, p < 0.001; Qmax 3.39 ml/s, p < 0.001; QoL 1.99 points, p < 0.001) but were not as effective as TURP (from literature). The trend plot shows that, as time goes on, the effect of PUL tends to increase first and then weaken. Three items fitted a meaningful curve: IPSS (slope = −1.378 t = −12.395, p < 0.001), Qmax (slope = −1.382 t = −6.429, p < 0.001), and QoL (slope = −0.218, t = −10.058, p < 0.001). Fitted curves of SHIM and PVR are not statistically significant. The regression reveals that IPSS, Qmax, and QoL could be predicted after accepting PUL. Conclusion: PUL appears to be a safe and effective procedure in selected patients with BPH and can improve the symptoms of urinary tract obstruction. However, it is not as effective as TURP and shows no influence to the objective indicators like PVR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jibo Jing
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Surgical Research Center, Institute of Urology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Lishui People's Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuqing Wu
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Surgical Research Center, Institute of Urology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mulong Du
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Department of Environmental Genomics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Biostatistics, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Nieke Zhang
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Surgical Research Center, Institute of Urology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Meiling Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Department of Environmental Genomics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bin Xu
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Surgical Research Center, Institute of Urology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Lishui People's Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Ming Chen
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Surgical Research Center, Institute of Urology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Lishui People's Hospital, Nanjing, China
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12
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Bhojani N, Yafi FA, Misrai V, Rijo E, Chughtai B, Zorn KC, Elterman D. Review of Sexual Preservation After Novel Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Surgical Treatment Modalities From Food and Drug Administration Clinical Trials. Sex Med Rev 2020; 9:169-173. [PMID: 33309271 DOI: 10.1016/j.sxmr.2020.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Traditional benign prostatic hyperplasia treatment options, such as transurethral resection of the prostate and laser, have focused on addressing urinary symptoms for men; however, these options are associated with a high risk of sexual dysfunction. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to assess newer technologies (Aquablation therapy, UroLift, and Rezum) for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia and the impact of preserving sexual function compared with transurethral resection of the prostate. METHODS A comprehensive review of Food and Drug Administration randomized studies from each of the technologies was carried out. A comparison of 3-year outcomes for International Index of Erectile Function-5 and Male Sexual Health Questionnaire Ejaculatory Function domain short form was analyzed. RESULTS Aquablation and prostatic urethral lift were the only therapies to show permanent sexual function preservation in both Male Sexual Health Questionnaire Ejaculatory Function domain short form (ejaculatory function) and International Index of Erectile Function-5 (erectile function) at 3 years after treatment. CONCLUSION For prostates less than 80 cc, Aquablation and prostatic urethral lift were able to demonstrate permanent sexual function preservation in both Male Sexual Health Questionnaire Ejaculatory Function domain short form (ejaculatory function) and International Index of Erectile Function-5 (erectile function) at 3 years after treatment. Bhojani N, Yafi FA, Misrai V, et al. Review of Sexual Preservation After Novel Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Surgical Treatment Modalities From Food and Drug Administration Clinical Trials. Sex Med Rev 2021;9:169-173.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naeem Bhojani
- Division of Urology, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Faysal A Yafi
- Department of Urology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Vincent Misrai
- Department of Urology, Clinique Pasteur, Toulouse, France
| | - Enrique Rijo
- Department of Urology, Hospital Quiron Salud, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bilal Chughtai
- Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York Presbyterian, New York, USA
| | - Kevin C Zorn
- Division of Urology, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Dean Elterman
- Division of Urology, University Health Network (UHN), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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13
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Xu L, You H, Zhang O, Xiang X. Genetic Effects of Soluble Starch Synthase IV-2 and It with ADPglucose Pyrophorylase Large Unit and Pullulanase on Rice Qualities. Rice (N Y) 2020; 13:46. [PMID: 32661799 PMCID: PMC7359214 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-020-00409-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rice amylose content and amylopectin structure corporately determine rice eating and cooking qualities (ECQs). Soluble starch synthase (SS) IV-2 is a member of the soluble starch synthesis gene family but with unknown effects on ECQs. RESULTS In this study, three populations derived from a cross of two parents who possess the same major genes of starch bio-synthesis were employed to investigate the influence of SSIV-2 and its combined effects with ADPglucose pyrophorylase large unit (AGPlar) and Pullulanase (PUL) on ECQs. The results illustrated that the polymorphism of SSIV-2 alleles significantly affected gel consistency (GC), gelatinization temperature (GT), percent of retrogradation (PR) and three crucial rapid viscosity analysis (RVA) profile parameters: peak viscosity (PKV), breakdown viscosity (BDV) and setback viscosity (SBV). And SSIV-2 allele derived from CG173R had better quality traits with lower GT, SBV and PR. Moreover, its interaction with AGPlar was responsible for the variations of GC, apparent amylose content (AAC), GT, PR and all RVA parameters except for pasting temperature (PaT) and peak time (PeT), in terms of GC, PKV and CSV, AGPlar derived from CG173R had an epistatic effect on SSIV-2; additionally, interaction of SSIV-2 and PUL mainly affected GC, AAC, PKV, CPV, CSV and SBV. I-C and C-1 (I, allele of AGPlar from Guangzhan 63S; C, allele of SSIV-2 from CG173R; 1, allele of PUL from Guangzhan 63S) combinations had better ECQs. CONCLUSIONS SSIV-2 alleles significantly affect rice quality, especially the parameters relevant to gelatinized and thermal characteristics of starch (GC, PR, GT, PKV, BDV and SBV) under the same major genes (Waxy and SSII-3) background. It indicates that SSIV-2 functions elongation of starch chain. These findings suggest that the effects of SSIV-2 and its interaction with AGPlar and PUL are vital for rice quality breeding with the same major genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Xu
- Lab of Plant Molecular Genetics and Breeding, Southwest University of Science and Technology, 59 Qinglong Road, Mianyang, 621010, China
| | - Hui You
- Lab of Plant Molecular Genetics and Breeding, Southwest University of Science and Technology, 59 Qinglong Road, Mianyang, 621010, China
| | - Ouling Zhang
- Lab of Plant Molecular Genetics and Breeding, Southwest University of Science and Technology, 59 Qinglong Road, Mianyang, 621010, China
| | - Xunchao Xiang
- Lab of Plant Molecular Genetics and Breeding, Southwest University of Science and Technology, 59 Qinglong Road, Mianyang, 621010, China.
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14
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Eure G, Gange S, Walter P, Khan A, Chabert C, Mueller T, Cozzi P, Patel M, Freedman S, Chin P, Ochs S, Hirsh A, Trotter M, Grier D. Real-World Evidence of Prostatic Urethral Lift Confirms Pivotal Clinical Study Results: 2-Year Outcomes of a Retrospective Multicenter Study. J Endourol 2019; 33:576-584. [PMID: 31115257 PMCID: PMC6657298 DOI: 10.1089/end.2019.0167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: This study expands results from recent prostatic urethral lift (PUL) clinical trials by examining outcomes within a large unconstrained multicenter data set. Methods: Retrospective chart review and analysis of 1413 consecutive patients who received PUL in North America and Australia was performed. International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), quality of life (QoL), and maximum urinary flow rate (Qmax) were evaluated at 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 months post-procedure for all nonurinary retention subjects (Group A) and retention subjects (Group B). Within Group A outcomes were further analyzed using paired t-tests and 95% mean confidence intervals under the following parameters: IPSS baseline ≥13, age, prostate size, site of service, prostate cancer treatment, and diabetic status. Adverse events, surgical interventions, and catheterization rates were summarized in detail. Results: Compared with the randomized controlled prosatic urethral lift (L.I.F.T.) study, subjects in this retrospective study were older and less symptomatic. After PUL, mean IPSS for Group A improved significantly from baseline by at least 8.1 points throughout follow-up. No significant differences were observed between Group A and B follow-up symptom scores. Within Group A, subjects with an IPSS baseline ≥13 behaved similarly to L.I.F.T. subjects. Age, prostate volume, site of service, prior cancer treatment, and diabetic status did not significantly affect PUL outcomes. When completed in a clinic office, PUL resulted in less side effects and catheter placement compared to other sites of service. Previous prostate cancer treatment did not elevate adverse events of high concern such as incontinence and infection. Conclusion: PUL performs well in a real-world setting in terms of symptom relief, morbidity, and patient experience for all studied patient cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregg Eure
- Urology of Virginia, Virginia Beach, Virginia
| | | | - Peter Walter
- Western NY Urology Associates, Jamestown, New York
| | | | | | | | | | - Manish Patel
- Advanced Urology & Women's Health Center, Elgin, South Carolina
| | | | - Peter Chin
- South Coast Urology, Wollongong, Australia
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15
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Dorival J, Ruppert S, Gunnoo M, Orłowski A, Chapelais-Baron M, Dabin J, Labourel A, Thompson D, Michel G, Czjzek M, Genicot S. The laterally acquired GH5 ZgEngA GH5_4 from the marine bacterium Zobellia galactanivorans is dedicated to hemicellulose hydrolysis. Biochem J 2018; 475:3609-28. [PMID: 30341165 DOI: 10.1042/BCJ20180486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Cell walls of marine macroalgae are composed of diverse polysaccharides that provide abundant carbon sources for marine heterotrophic bacteria. Among them, Zobellia galactanivorans is considered as a model for studying algae-bacteria interactions. The degradation of typical algal polysaccharides, such as agars or alginate, has been intensively studied in this model bacterium, but the catabolism of plant-like polysaccharides is essentially uncharacterized. Here, we identify a polysaccharide utilization locus in the genome of Z. galactanivorans, induced by laminarin (β-1,3-glucans), and containing a putative GH5 subfamily 4 (GH5_4) enzyme, currently annotated as a endoglucanase (ZgEngAGH5_4). A phylogenetic analysis indicates that ZgEngAGH5_4 was laterally acquired from an ancestral Actinobacteria We performed the biochemical and structural characterization of ZgEngAGH5_4 and demonstrated that this GH5 is, in fact, an endo-β-glucanase, most active on mixed-linked glucan (MLG). Although ZgEngAGH5_4 and GH16 lichenases both hydrolyze MLG, these two types of enzymes release different series of oligosaccharides. Structural analyses of ZgEngAGH5_4 reveal that all the amino acid residues involved in the catalytic triad and in the negative glucose-binding subsites are conserved, when compared with the closest relative, the cellulase EngD from Clostridium cellulovorans, and some other GH5s. In contrast, the positive glucose-binding subsites of ZgEngAGH5_4 are different and this could explain the preference for MLG, with respect to cellulose or laminarin. Molecular dynamics computer simulations using different hexaoses reveal that the specificity for MLG occurs through the +1 and +2 subsites of the binding pocket that display the most important differences when compared with the structures of other GH5_4 enzymes.
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16
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Barnhart KT, Sammel MD, Stephenson M, Robins J, Hansen KR, Youssef WA, Santoro N, Eisenberg E, Zhang H. Optimal treatment for women with a persisting pregnancy of unknown location, a randomized controlled trial: The ACT-or-NOT trial. Contemp Clin Trials 2018; 73:145-151. [PMID: 30243810 PMCID: PMC6231403 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2018.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pregnancy of unknown location (PUL) is not a diagnosis but a transient state used to classify a woman when she has a positive pregnancy test without definitive evidence of an intra-uterine or extra-uterine pregnancy on transvaginal ultrasonography. Management of a persisting PUL varies substantially, including expectant or active management. Active management can include uterine cavity evacuation or systemic administration of methotrexate. To date, no consensus has been reached on whether either management strategy is superior or non-inferior to the other. DESIGN Randomized controlled trial. SETTING Academic medical centers. PATIENTS We plan to randomize 276 persisting PUL-diagnosed women who are 18 years or older from Reproductive Medicine Network clinics and additional interested sites, all patients will be followed for 2 years for fertility and patient satisfaction outcomes. INTERVENTIONS Randomization will be 1:1:1 ratio between expectant management, uterine evacuation and empiric use of methotrexate. After randomization to initial management plan, all patients will be followed by their clinicians until resolution of the PUL. The clinician will determine whether there is a change in management, based on clinical symptoms, and/or serial human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) concentrations and/or additional ultrasonography. MAIN OUTCOME The primary outcome measure in each of the 3 treatment arms is the uneventful clinical resolution of a persistent PUL without change from the initial management strategy. Secondary outcome measures include: number of ruptured ectopic pregnancies, number and type of re-interventions (additional methotrexate injections or surgical procedures), treatment complications, adverse events, number of visits, time to resolution, patient satisfaction, and future fertility. CONCLUSION This multicenter randomized controlled trial will provide guidance for evidence-based management for women who have persisting pregnancy of unknown location.
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MESH Headings
- Female
- Humans
- Pregnancy
- Abortifacient Agents, Nonsteroidal/therapeutic use
- Abortion, Spontaneous/blood
- Abortion, Spontaneous/diagnosis
- Abortion, Spontaneous/diagnostic imaging
- Abortion, Spontaneous/therapy
- Chorionic Gonadotropin/blood
- Diagnosis, Differential
- Dilatation and Curettage
- Methotrexate/therapeutic use
- Pregnancy, Ectopic/blood
- Pregnancy, Ectopic/diagnosis
- Pregnancy, Ectopic/diagnostic imaging
- Pregnancy, Ectopic/therapy
- Ultrasonography
- Watchful Waiting
- Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
- Multicenter Studies as Topic
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurt T Barnhart
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
| | - Mary D Sammel
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Mary Stephenson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Jared Robins
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Karl R Hansen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Wahid A Youssef
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Nanette Santoro
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado, Denver, United States
| | - Esther Eisenberg
- Reproductive Sciences Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver NICHD, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Heping Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale University School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, United States
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Abstract
'UroLift' has emerged as a new minimally-invasive nonablative surgical technique for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). We discuss the procedure, cost, evidence, advantages and disadvantages of this procedure. It is a novel technology suitable for a selected group of patients that allows for a bespoke treatment for men with BPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Jones
- Department of Urology, Blackpool Victoria Hospital, Blackpool, UK
| | - Bhavan P Rai
- James Cook University Hospital, South Tees Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - Omar Aboumarzouk
- Department of Urology, Bristol Urological Institute, Bristol, UK
| | - Bhaskar K Somani
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Trust, Tremona Road, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
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18
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Horn N, Carvalho AL, Overweg K, Wegmann U, Carding SR, Stentz R. A Novel Tightly Regulated Gene Expression System for the Human Intestinal Symbiont Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1080. [PMID: 27468280 PMCID: PMC4942465 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There is considerable interest in studying the function of Bacteroides species resident in the human gastrointestinal (GI)-tract and the contribution they make to host health. Reverse genetics and protein expression techniques, such as those developed for well-characterized Escherichia coli cannot be applied to Bacteroides species as they and other members of the Bacteriodetes phylum have unique promoter structures. The availability of useful Bacteroides-specific genetic tools is therefore limited. Here we describe the development of an effective mannan-controlled gene expression system for Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron containing the mannan-inducible promoter-region of an α-1,2-mannosidase gene (BT_3784), a ribosomal binding site designed to modulate expression, a multiple cloning site to facilitate the cloning of genes of interest, and a transcriptional terminator. Using the Lactobacillus pepI as a reporter gene, mannan induction resulted in an increase of reporter activity in a time- and concentration-dependent manner with a wide range of activity. The endogenous BtcepA cephalosporinase gene was used to demonstrate the suitability of this novel expression system, enabling the isolation of a His-tagged version of BtCepA. We have also shown with experiments performed in mice that the system can be induced in vivo in the presence of an exogenous source of mannan. By enabling the controlled expression of endogenous and exogenous genes in B. thetaiotaomicron this novel inducer-dependent expression system will aid in defining the physiological role of individual genes and the functional analyses of their products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikki Horn
- Gut Health and Food Safety Programme, Carding's Lab, Institute of Food Research Norwich, UK
| | - Ana L Carvalho
- Gut Health and Food Safety Programme, Carding's Lab, Institute of Food Research Norwich, UK
| | - Karin Overweg
- Gut Health and Food Safety Programme, Carding's Lab, Institute of Food Research Norwich, UK
| | - Udo Wegmann
- Gut Health and Food Safety Programme, Carding's Lab, Institute of Food Research Norwich, UK
| | - Simon R Carding
- Gut Health and Food Safety Programme, Carding's Lab, Institute of Food ResearchNorwich, UK; Department of Medicine, Norwich Medical School, University of East AngliaNorwich, UK
| | - Régis Stentz
- Gut Health and Food Safety Programme, Carding's Lab, Institute of Food Research Norwich, UK
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19
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Han JJ, de Bie E, Nicorici A, Abresch RT, Anthonisen C, Bajcsy R, Kurillo G, Mcdonald CM. Reachable workspace and performance of upper limb ( PUL) in duchenne muscular dystrophy. Muscle Nerve 2015; 53:545-54. [PMID: 26342193 DOI: 10.1002/mus.24894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Revised: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Kinect-based reachable workspace relative surface area (RSA) is compared with the performance of upper limb (PUL) assessment in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). METHODS 29 individuals with DMD (ages: 7-23; Brooke: 1-5) underwent both Kinect-based reachable workspace RSA and PUL assessments. RSAs were also collected from 24 age-matched controls. Total and quadrant RSAs were compared with the PUL total, shoulder-, middle-, and distal-dimension scores. RESULTS The total reachable workspace RSA correlated well with the total PUL score (Spearman ρ = -0.602; P < 0.001), and with each of the PUL dimensional scores: shoulder (ρ = -0.624; P < 0.001), middle (ρ = -0.564; P = 0.001), and distal (ρ = -0.630; P < 0.001). With quadrant RSA, reachability in a particular quadrant was closely associated with respective PUL dimensional-level function (lateral-upper quadrant for shoulder-, lateral-upper/lower quadrants for middle-, and lateral-lower quadrant for distal-level function). CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates concurrent validity of the reachable workspace outcome measure (RSA) with the DMD-specific upper extremity outcome measure (PUL).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay J Han
- University of California at Davis School of Medicine, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 4860 Y Street, Suite 3850, Sacramento, California, USA, 95817
| | - Evan de Bie
- University of California at Davis School of Medicine, Department of Public Health Sciences, Davis, California, USA
| | - Alina Nicorici
- University of California at Davis School of Medicine, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 4860 Y Street, Suite 3850, Sacramento, California, USA, 95817
| | - Richard T Abresch
- University of California at Davis School of Medicine, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 4860 Y Street, Suite 3850, Sacramento, California, USA, 95817
| | - Colleen Anthonisen
- University of California at Davis School of Medicine, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 4860 Y Street, Suite 3850, Sacramento, California, USA, 95817
| | - Ruzena Bajcsy
- University of California at Berkeley College of Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Gregorij Kurillo
- University of California at Davis School of Medicine, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 4860 Y Street, Suite 3850, Sacramento, California, USA, 95817.,University of California at Berkeley College of Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Craig M Mcdonald
- University of California at Davis School of Medicine, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 4860 Y Street, Suite 3850, Sacramento, California, USA, 95817
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20
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Pane M, Fanelli L, Mazzone ES, Olivieri G, D'Amico A, Messina S, Scutifero M, Battini R, Petillo R, Frosini S, Sivo S, Vita GL, Bruno C, Mongini T, Pegoraro E, De Sanctis R, Gardani A, Berardinelli A, Lanzillotta V, Carlesi A, Viggiano E, Cavallaro F, Sframeli M, Bello L, Barp A, Bianco F, Bonfiglio S, Rolle E, Palermo C, D'Angelo G, Pini A, Iotti E, Gorni K, Baranello G, Bertini E, Politano L, Sormani MP, Mercuri E. Benefits of glucocorticoids in non-ambulant boys/men with Duchenne muscular dystrophy: A multicentric longitudinal study using the Performance of Upper Limb test. Neuromuscul Disord 2015; 25:749-53. [PMID: 26248957 PMCID: PMC4597096 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2015.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Revised: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The paper reports the effect of steroids on upper limb function in non ambulant DMD boys. Boys continuing steroids after loss of ambulation perform better than those who stopped at the time of loss of ambulation. The Performance of Upper Limb test can reliably capture change over time and the effect of intervention.
The aim of this study was to establish the possible effect of glucocorticoid treatment on upper limb function in a cohort of 91 non-ambulant DMD boys and adults of age between 11 and 26 years. All 91 were assessed using the Performance of Upper Limb test. Forty-eight were still on glucocorticoid after loss of ambulation, 25 stopped steroids at the time they lost ambulation and 18 were GC naïve or had steroids while ambulant for less than a year. At baseline the total scores ranged between 0 and 74 (mean 41.20). The mean total scores were 47.92 in the glucocorticoid group, 36 in those who stopped at loss of ambulation and 30.5 in the naïve group (p < 0.001). The 12-month changes ranged between −20 and 4 (mean −4.4). The mean changes were −3.79 in the glucocorticoid group, −5.52 in those who stopped at loss of ambulation and −4.44 in the naïve group. This was more obvious in the patients between 12 and 18 years and at shoulder and elbow levels. Our findings suggest that continuing glucocorticoids throughout teenage years and adulthood after loss of ambulation appears to have a beneficial effect on upper limb function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marika Pane
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Lavinia Fanelli
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Giorgia Olivieri
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Adele D'Amico
- Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Sonia Messina
- Department of Neurosciences and Nemo Sud Clinical Center, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Marianna Scutifero
- Cardiomiology and Medical Genetics, Department of Experimental Medicine, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Roberta Battini
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Stella Maris, Pisa, Italy
| | - Roberta Petillo
- Cardiomiology and Medical Genetics, Department of Experimental Medicine, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Silvia Frosini
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Stella Maris, Pisa, Italy
| | - Serena Sivo
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Gian Luca Vita
- Department of Neurosciences and Nemo Sud Clinical Center, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Claudio Bruno
- Center of Myology and Neurodegenerative Disorders and Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine Unit, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Tiziana Mongini
- Neuromuscular Center, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Elena Pegoraro
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Valentina Lanzillotta
- Center of Myology and Neurodegenerative Disorders and Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine Unit, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Adelina Carlesi
- Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuela Viggiano
- Cardiomiology and Medical Genetics, Department of Experimental Medicine, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Filippo Cavallaro
- Department of Neurosciences and Nemo Sud Clinical Center, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Maria Sframeli
- Department of Neurosciences and Nemo Sud Clinical Center, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Luca Bello
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Andrea Barp
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Flaviana Bianco
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Serena Bonfiglio
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, IRCCS Institute of Neurological Sciences, Bellaria Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Enrica Rolle
- Neuromuscular Center, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Concetta Palermo
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Antonella Pini
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, IRCCS Institute of Neurological Sciences, Bellaria Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elena Iotti
- Pediatric Neurology and Myopathology Units, Neurological Institute Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Baranello
- Pediatric Neurology and Myopathology Units, Neurological Institute Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Enrico Bertini
- Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Luisa Politano
- Cardiomiology and Medical Genetics, Department of Experimental Medicine, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Pia Sormani
- Biostatistics Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Eugenio Mercuri
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, Catholic University, Rome, Italy.
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21
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Abstract
We provide a review of microRNA (miRNA) related to human implantation which shows the potential diagnostic role of miRNAs in impaired endometrial receptivity, altered embryo development, implantation failure after assisted reproduction technology, and in ectopic pregnancy and pregnancies of unknown location. MicroRNAs may be emerging diagnostic markers and potential therapeutic tools for understanding implantation disorders. However, further research is needed before miRNAs can be used in clinical practice for identifying and treating implantation failure.
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