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De A, Jee JP, Park YJ. Why Perfluorocarbon nanoparticles encounter bottlenecks in clinical translation despite promising oxygen carriers? Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2024:114292. [PMID: 38636883 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2024.114292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Artificial Oxygen Carriers (AOCs) have emerged as ground-breaking biomedical solutions, showcasing tremendous potential for enhancing human health and saving lives. Perfluorocarbon (PFC)-based AOCs, in particular, have garnered significant interest among researchers, leading to numerous clinical trials since the 1980 s. However, despite decades of exploration, the success rate has remained notably limited. This comprehensive review article delves into the landscape of clinical trials involving PFC compounds, shedding light on the challenges and factors contributing to the lack of clinical success with PFC nanoparticles till date. By scrutinizing the existing trials, the article aims to uncover the underlying issues like pharmacological side effects of the PFC and the nanomaterials used for the designing, complex formulation strategy and poor clinical trial designs of the formulation. More over each generation of the PFC formulation were discussed with details for their failure in the clinical trials limitations that block the path of PFC-based AOCs' full potential. Furthermore, the review emphasizes a forward-looking approach by outlining the future pathways and strategies essential for achieving success in clinical trials. AOCs require advanced yet biocompatible single-componentformulations. The new trend might be a novel drug delivery technique, like gel emulsion or reverse PFC emulsion with fluoro surfactants. Most importantly, well-planned clinical trials may end in a success story.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anindita De
- Department of Pharmacy, Ajou University, College of Pharmacy, 206 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si 16499, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Pil Jee
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, 309 Pilmun-daero, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Joon Park
- Department of Pharmacy, Ajou University, College of Pharmacy, 206 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si 16499, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea; Research Center, IMDpharm Inc., 17 Daehak 4-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si 16226, Korea.
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Vargas I, Stephenson DJ, Baldwin M, Gaut JP, Chalfant CE, Pan H, Wickline SA. Sustained local inhibition of thrombin preserves renal microarchitecture and function after onset of acute kidney injury. Nanomedicine 2021; 38:102449. [PMID: 34303838 PMCID: PMC8541929 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2021.102449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) management remains mainly supportive as no specific therapeutic agents directed at singular signaling pathways have succeeded in clinical trials. Here, we report that inhibition of thrombin-driven clotting and inflammatory signaling with use of locally-acting thrombin-targeted perfluorocarbon nanoparticles (PFC NP) protects renal vasculature and broadly modulates diverse inflammatory processes that cause renal ischemia reperfusion injury. Each PFC NP was complexed with ~13,650 copies of the direct thrombin inhibitor, PPACK (proline-phenylalanine-arginine-chloromethyl-ketone). Mice treated after the onset of AKI with PPACK PFC NP exhibited downregulated VCAM-1, ICAM-1, PGD2 prostanoid, M-CSF, IL-6, and mast cell infiltrates. Microvascular architecture, tubular basement membranes, and brush border components were better preserved. Non-reperfusion was reduced as indicated by reduced red blood cell trapping and non-heme iron. Kidney function and tubular necrosis improved at 24 hours versus the untreated control group, suggesting a benefit for dual inhibition of thrombosis and inflammation by PPACK PFC NP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Vargas
- The USF Health Heart Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Daniel J Stephenson
- Department of Cell biology, Microbiology and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Margaret Baldwin
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Joseph P Gaut
- Washington University in St. Louis, Department of Pathology and Immunology and Department of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Charles E Chalfant
- Department of Cell biology, Microbiology and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA; The Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL; Research Service, James A. Haley Veterans Hospital, Tampa, FL
| | - Hua Pan
- The USF Health Heart Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.
| | - Samuel A Wickline
- The USF Health Heart Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.
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Wilson AJ, Zhou Q, Vargas I, Palekar R, Grabau R, Pan H, Wickline SA. Formulation and Characterization of Antithrombin Perfluorocarbon Nanoparticles. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2118:111-120. [PMID: 32152974 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0319-2_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Thrombin, a major protein involved in the clotting cascade by the conversion of inactive fibrinogen to fibrin, plays a crucial role in the development of thrombosis. Antithrombin nanoparticles enable site-specific anticoagulation without increasing bleeding risk. Here we outline the process of making and the characterization of bivalirudin and D-phenylalanyl-L-prolyl-L-arginyl-chloromethyl ketone (PPACK) nanoparticles. Additionally, the characterization of these nanoparticles, including particle size, zeta potential, and quantification of PPACK/bivalirudin loading, is also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J Wilson
- The USF Health Heart Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Qingyu Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Ian Vargas
- The USF Health Heart Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Rohun Palekar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ryan Grabau
- The USF Health Heart Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Hua Pan
- The USF Health Heart Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Samuel A Wickline
- The USF Health Heart Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.
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Constantinides C, McNeill E, Carnicer R, Al Haj Zen A, Sainz-Urruela R, Shaw A, Patel J, Swider E, Alonaizan R, Potamiti L, Hadjisavvas A, Padilla-Parra S, Kyriacou K, Srinivas M, Carr CA. Improved cellular uptake of perfluorocarbon nanoparticles for in vivo murine cardiac 19F MRS/MRI and temporal tracking of progenitor cells. Nanomedicine 2018; 18:391-401. [PMID: 30448526 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2018.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we maximize the labeling efficiency of cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) using perfluorocarbon nanoparticles (PFCE-NP) and 19F MRI detectability, determine the temporal dynamics of single-cell label uptake, quantify the temporal viability/fluorescence persistence of labeled CPCs in vitro, and implement in vivo, murine cardiac CPC MRI/tracking that could be translatable to humans. FuGENEHD-mediated CPC PFCE-NP uptake is confirmed with flow cytometry/confocal microscopy. Epifluorescence imaging assessed temporal viability/fluorescence (up to 7 days [D]). Nonlocalized murine 19F MRS and cardiac MRI studied label localization in terminal/longitudinal tracking studies at 9.4 T (D1-D8). A 4-8 fold 19F concentration increase is evidenced in CPCs for FuGENE vs. directly labeled cells. Cardiac 19F signals post-CPC injections diminished in vivo to ~31% of their values on D1 by D7/D8. Histology confirmed CPC retention, dispersion, and macrophage-induced infiltration. Intra-cardiac injections of PFCE-NP-labeled CPCs with FuGENE can be visualized/tracked in vivo for the first time with 19F MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christakis Constantinides
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics.
| | - Eileen McNeill
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics
| | - Ricardo Carnicer
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics
| | - Ayman Al Haj Zen
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics
| | - Raquel Sainz-Urruela
- Division of Structural Biology, University of Oxford, Henry Wellcome Building for Genomic Medicine, Headington, Oxford, UK; Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Cellular Imaging Core, University of Oxford, Oxford
| | - Andrew Shaw
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics
| | - Jyoti Patel
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics
| | - Edyta Swider
- Radboud University Medical Center (Radboud UMC), Department of Tumor Immunology, 278, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Postbox 9101, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Rita Alonaizan
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Louiza Potamiti
- Department of Electron Microscopy/Molecular Pathology, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics and The Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Andreas Hadjisavvas
- Department of Electron Microscopy/Molecular Pathology, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics and The Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Sergi Padilla-Parra
- Division of Structural Biology, University of Oxford, Henry Wellcome Building for Genomic Medicine, Headington, Oxford, UK; Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Cellular Imaging Core, University of Oxford, Oxford
| | - Kyriacos Kyriacou
- Department of Electron Microscopy/Molecular Pathology, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics and The Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Mangala Srinivas
- Radboud University Medical Center (Radboud UMC), Department of Tumor Immunology, 278, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Postbox 9101, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Carolyn A Carr
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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