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Zhu Y, Zeng F, Liu J, Mu S, Zhang Y, Yang X. Evaluation of the EMBOPIPE flow diverter device: in vivo and in vitro experiments. Chin Neurosurg J 2024; 10:8. [PMID: 38468329 PMCID: PMC10929142 DOI: 10.1186/s41016-024-00360-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although flow diverter device (FDD) has brought revolutionized advances in endovascular treatment of intracranial aneurysms, it also presents considerable drawbacks as well, as the innovation for novel device has never stopped. This preclinical research aims to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a newly developed FDD, the EMBOPIPE, through in vivo and in vitro experiments. METHODS Aneurysms were induced in 20 New Zealand white rabbits which were randomized to three follow-up groups according to the time elapsed after EMBOPIPE implantation (28, 90, and 180 days). Additional EMBOPIPEs were implanted in the abdominal aorta to cover the renal artery in nine rabbits. Angiography was performed immediately after device placement in all groups. Aneurysm occlusion, patency of renal arteries, and pathological outcomes were assessed. For the in vitro experiments, we measured the thrombogenic potential of EMBOPIPEs (n = 5) compared with bare stents (n = 5) using the Chandler loop model. Evaluation indicators were the platelet counts, macroscopic observations and scanning electron microscopy. RESULTS EMBOPIPEs were successfully deployed in 19 of 20 rabbit aneurysms (95.0%). The rates of complete or near-complete aneurysm occlusion were 73.3%, 83.3%, and 100% in the 28-, 90-, and 180-day groups, respectively. All renal arteries covered by EMBOPIPEs remained patent, and the mean difference in renal artery diameter before and after the device placement in the three groups was 0.07 mm, 0.10 mm, and 0.10 mm, respectively (p = 0.77). Renal pathology was normal in all cases. The pathological findings of the aneurysms were as follows: thickened and adequate neointimal coverage at the aneurysm neck, minimal inflammatory response, near-complete smooth muscle cell layer, and endothelialization along the device. In vitro experiments showed that the platelet counts were significantly higher in EMBOPIPE blood samples than in bare stent samples and that platelet adhesion to the device was lower in the EMBOPIPE stent struts compared with bare stent struts through macroscopic observations and scanning electron microscopy. CONCLUSIONS The EMBOPIPE can achieve high rates of aneurysm occlusion while maintaining excellent branch artery patency. It exhibited wonderful pathological results. This novel device with phosphorylcholine surface modification could reduce platelet thrombus attached to the stent struts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongnan Zhu
- Department of Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Fengtai District, Capital Medical University, No. 119, South Fourth Ring West Road, Beijing, 100070, People's Republic of China
| | - Fanyan Zeng
- Fengxian District, Heartcare Medical Technology Co., Ltd, Building 38, No. 356 Zhengbo Road, Shanghai, 200000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Liu
- Neurosurgical Institute & Department of Neurosurgery, Fengtai District, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 119, South Fourth Ring West Road, Beijing, 100070, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiqing Mu
- Neurosurgical Institute & Department of Neurosurgery, Fengtai District, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 119, South Fourth Ring West Road, Beijing, 100070, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Fengtai District, Capital Medical University, No. 119, South Fourth Ring West Road, Beijing, 100070, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xinjian Yang
- Department of Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Fengtai District, Capital Medical University, No. 119, South Fourth Ring West Road, Beijing, 100070, People's Republic of China.
- Neurosurgical Institute & Department of Neurosurgery, Fengtai District, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 119, South Fourth Ring West Road, Beijing, 100070, People's Republic of China.
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Li R, Li Y, Bai Y, Yi P, Sun C, Shi S, Gong YK. Achieving superior anticoagulation of endothelial membrane mimetic coating by heparin grafting at zwitterionic biocompatible interfaces. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 257:128574. [PMID: 38052281 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Thrombosis and bleeding are common complications of blood-contacting medical device therapies. In this work, an endothelium membrane mimetic coating (PMPCC/Hep) has been created to address these challenges. The coating is fabricated by multi-point anchoring of a phosphorylcholine copolymer (poly-MPC-co-MSA, PMPCC) with carboxylic side chains and end-group grafting of unfractionated heparin (Hep) onto polydopamine precoated blood-contacting material surfaces. The PMPCC coating forms an ultrathin cell outer membrane mimetic layer to resist protein adsorption and platelet adhesion. The tiny defects/pores of the PMPCC layer provide entrances for heparin end-group to be inserted and grafted onto the sub-layer amino groups. The combination of the PMPCC cell membrane mimetic anti-fouling nature with the grafted heparin bioactivity further enhances the anticoagulation performance of the formed endothelium membrane mimetic PMPCC/Hep coating. Compared to conventional Hep coating, the PMPCC/Hep coating further decreases protein adsorption and platelet adhesion by 50 % and 90 %, respectively. More significantly, the PMPCC/Hep coating shows a superior anticoagulation activity, even significantly higher than that of an end-point-attached heparin coating. Furthermore, the blood coagulation function is well preserved in the PMPCC/Hep coating anticoagulation strategy. All the results support that the PMPCC/Hep coating strategy has great potential in developing more efficient and safer blood-contacting medical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xian 710127, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Yin Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xian 710127, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Yunjie Bai
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xian 710127, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Panpan Yi
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xian 710127, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Chenwei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xian 710127, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Suqing Shi
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xian 710127, Shaanxi, PR China; Institute of Materials Science and New Technology, Northwest University, Xian 710127, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yong-Kuan Gong
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xian 710127, Shaanxi, PR China; Institute of Materials Science and New Technology, Northwest University, Xian 710127, Shaanxi, China.
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Eckmair B, Gao C, Mehta AY, Dutkiewicz Z, Vanbeselaere J, Cummings RD, Paschinger K, Wilson IBH. Recognition of highly branched N-glycans of the porcine whipworm by the immune system. bioRxiv 2023:2023.09.21.557549. [PMID: 37790353 PMCID: PMC10542551 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.21.557549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Glycans are key to host-pathogen interactions, whereby recognition by the host and immunomodulation by the pathogen can be mediated by carbohydrate binding proteins, such as lectins of the innate immune system, and their glycoconjugate ligands. Previous studies have shown that excretory-secretory products of the porcine nematode parasite Trichuris suis exert immunomodulatory effects in a glycan-dependent manner. To better understand the mechanisms of these interactions, we prepared N-glycans from T. suis and both analyzed their structures and used them to generate a natural glycan microarray. With this array we explored the interactions of glycans with C-type lectins, C-reactive protein and sera from T. suis infected pigs. Glycans containing LacdiNAc and phosphorylcholine-modified glycans were associated with the highest binding by most of these proteins. In-depth analysis revealed not only fucosylated LacdiNAc motifs with and without phosphorylcholine moieties, but phosphorylcholine-modified mannose and N-acetylhexosamine-substituted fucose residues, in the context of maximally tetraantennary N-glycan scaffolds. Furthermore, O-glycans also contained fucosylated motifs. In summary, the glycans of T. suis are recognized by both the innate and adaptive immune systems, and also exhibit species-specific features distinguishing its glycome from those of other nematodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Eckmair
- Institut für Biochemie, Department für Chemie, Universität für Bodenkultur, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Wien, Austria
| | - Chao Gao
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 3 Blackfan Circle, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Akul Y Mehta
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 3 Blackfan Circle, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Zuzanna Dutkiewicz
- Institut für Biochemie, Department für Chemie, Universität für Bodenkultur, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Wien, Austria
| | - Jorick Vanbeselaere
- Institut für Biochemie, Department für Chemie, Universität für Bodenkultur, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Wien, Austria
| | - Richard D Cummings
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 3 Blackfan Circle, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Katharina Paschinger
- Institut für Biochemie, Department für Chemie, Universität für Bodenkultur, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Wien, Austria
| | - Iain B H Wilson
- Institut für Biochemie, Department für Chemie, Universität für Bodenkultur, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Wien, Austria
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Suo W, Guo X, Zhang X, Xiao S, Wang S, Yin Y, Zheng Y. Glucose levels affect MgaSpn regulation on the virulence and adaptability of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Microb Pathog 2023; 174:105896. [PMID: 36460142 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae can regulate virulence gene expression by sensing environmental changes, which is key to its pathogenicity. The global transcription regulator MgaSpn of Streptococcus pneumoniae regulates virulence genes expression by directly binding to the promoter regions, but its role in response to different environments remains unclear. In this study, we found that glucose levels could affect phosphocholine content, which was mediated by MgaSpn. MgaSpn can also alter its anti-phagocytosis ability, depending on the availability of glucose. In addition, transcriptome analysis of wild-type D39s in low and high glucose concentrations revealed that MgaSpn was also involved in the regulation of carbon metabolism inhibition (carbon catabolite repression; CCR) and translation processes, which made S. pneumoniae highly competitive in fluctuating environments. In conclusion, MgaSpn is closely related to the virulence and environmental adaptability of Streptococcus pneumoniae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weicai Suo
- Department of Medicine Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, and Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Xinlin Guo
- Department of Medicine Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, and Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Xuemei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Shengnan Xiao
- Precision Medicine Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Shuhui Wang
- Department of Medicine Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, and Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Yibing Yin
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Yuqiang Zheng
- Department of Medicine Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, and Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, PR China.
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Kurono Y. The mucosal immune system of the upper respiratory tract and recent progress in mucosal vaccines. Auris Nasus Larynx 2021; 49:1-10. [PMID: 34304944 DOI: 10.1016/j.anl.2021.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The mucosal immune system prevents microorganism invasion through mucosal surfaces and consists of inductive and effector sites. Nasopharynx-associated lymphoid tissue (NALT) functions as an inductive site, inducing mucosal immune responses in the upper respiratory tract. It follows that intranasal vaccines may prevent upper respiratory infections. To induce and enhance the immune response by administering inactivated antigens intranasally, mucosal adjuvants have been developed, including mutant cholera toxin and cationic cholesteryl pullulan nanogel, which do not accumulate in the central nervous system. Moreover, multivalent pneumococcal polysaccharide conjugate vaccines are used to prevent invasive pneumococcal infections and otitis media, although they only provide moderate protection against acute otitis media because non-vaccine serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae also cause this infection. To address this problem, pneumococcal surface protein A of S. pneumoniae and P6 of H. influenzae are used as broad-spectrum vaccine antigens. Alternatively, phosphorylcholine (PC) is present in the cell walls of both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and induces immune responses through antigenic activity. The significant effects of PC as a mucosal vaccine have been demonstrated through intranasal and sublingual immunization in mice. Furthermore, intranasal administration of PC reverses increases in IgE levels and prevents allergic rhinitis. After immunization with pneumococcal polysaccharide conjugate vaccine, intranasal immunization with PC boosts immune responses to vaccine strains and to PC itself. Thus, PC may be useful as a mucosal vaccine to prevent upper respiratory infections and allergic rhinitis, and it could be used as a booster to the currently used pneumococcal vaccine as it protects against non-vaccine strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Kurono
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan.
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Zou L, Guo L, Zhu C, Lai Z, Li Z, Yang A. Serum phospholipids are potential biomarkers for the early diagnosis of gastric cancer. Clin Chim Acta 2021; 519:276-284. [PMID: 33989614 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2021.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Early diagnosis is key to improving the prognosis of gastric cancer. Altered phospholipid metabolism has been observed in different types of cancer. This study assessed serum phospholipid levels of patients with gastric cancer to explore biomarkers for its early diagnosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 199 participants were enrolled, including patients with early gastric cancer or precancerous gastric lesions and healthy controls. Serum phospholipids were extracted and identified using mass spectrometry. The relative abundances of these phospholipids were compared among patients at different disease stages. Twenty-four patients with early gastric cancer were followed up, and their serum phospholipid levels were compared beween before and after resection. RESULTS Fifty-four phospholipids were identified. Phosphatidylethanolamine (36:3), phosphatidylethanolamine (36:2), phosphatidylcholine (32:0), and sphingomyelin (d18:0/18:1(9Z)) were more abundant in patients with early gastric cancer than in healthy controls. The area under the receiver operating curve of sphingomyelin (d18:0/18:1(9Z)) reached 0.883 in the training set (sensitivity 81.08%, specificity 78.82%) and 0.874 in the validation set. The levels of phosphatidylethanolamine (36:2), phosphatidylcholine (32:0), and sphingomyelin (d18:0/18:1(9Z)) significantly declined after the cancerous lesions were resected. CONCLUSION Serum phospholipids can serve as potential biomarkers for the early diagnosis of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Zou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Lei Guo
- Department of Biophysics and Structural Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Cheng Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Zhizhen Lai
- Department of Biophysics and Structural Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Zhili Li
- Department of Biophysics and Structural Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China.
| | - Aiming Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China.
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Dong Q, Yu J, Ding Y, Ji QW, Zhu RR, Wei YZ, Xu WB, Zhong YC, Zhu ZF, Meng K, Peng YD, Sun HT, Wang Y, Pan CL, Zeng QT, Yu KW. Phosphorylcholine-Primed Dendritic Cells Aggravate the Development of Atherosclerosis in ApoE -/- Mice. Circ Rep 2021; 3:86-94. [PMID: 33693294 PMCID: PMC7939956 DOI: 10.1253/circrep.cr-20-0118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background:
Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease involving activation of adaptive and innate immune responses to antigens, including oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) and phosphorylcholine (PC). Dendritic cells (DCs), which are antigen-presenting cells that activate T cells, are present in atherosclerotic lesions and are activated in immune organs. However, the mechanism by which PC promotes atherosclerosis is unclear. Methods and Results:
To evaluate whether PC promotes atherosclerosis via DCs, 2×105
DCs activated by PC-keyhole limpet hemocyanin (DCs+PC-KLH) were injected into ApoE−/−
mice and the features of the plaques and the effects of the DCs on cellular and humoral immunity against PC-KLH were determined. Mice injected with DCs+PC-KLH had significantly larger atherosclerotic lesions than controls, with increased inflammation in the lesions and plaque instability. Furthermore, DCs+PC-KLH were characterized using flow cytometry after coculture of bone marrow-derived DCs and naïve T cells. DCs+PC-KLH showed an inflammatory phenotype, with increased CD86, CD40, and major histocompatibility complex Class II molecules (MHC-II), which promoted PC-specific T helper (Th) 1 and Th17 cell differentiation in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, 2 weeks after the administration of DCs+PC-KLH to mice, these mice produced PC- and oxLDL-specific IgG2a, compared with no production in the controls. Conclusions:
These findings suggest that DCs presenting PC promote specific immunity to PC, increase lesion inflammation, and accelerate atherosclerosis, which may explain how PC promotes atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Dong
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Jian Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Yan Ding
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Qing-Wei Ji
- Department of Cardiology, the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Nanning China
| | - Rui-Rui Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Yu-Zhen Wei
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China
| | - Wen-Bing Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Yu-Cheng Zhong
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Zheng-Feng Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Kai Meng
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Yu-Dong Peng
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Hai-Tao Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Cheng-Liang Pan
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Qiu-Tang Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Kun-Wu Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
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Kadowaki Y, Hirano T, Fujita K, Kawano T, Matsunaga T, Yoshinaga K, Suzuki M. Phase variation with altering phosphorylcholine expression of nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae affects bacteria clearance and mucosal immune response in the middle ear and nasopharynx. Auris Nasus Larynx 2021; 48:57-64. [PMID: 32684402 DOI: 10.1016/j.anl.2020.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) is a chief pathogen in both acute otitis media and otitis media with effusion. Phosphorylcholine (ChoP) is expressed on lipooligosaccharides, and ChoP has phase variation, which is related to its adhesion to and invasion of epithelial cells in the upper airway. However, little is known about the role of ChoP expression. We examined the kinetics of the mucosal clearance of NTHi from the nose and middle ear and the mucosal immune response to NTHi infection by comparing ChoP(+) and ChoP(-) strains in a mouse model of middle ear and nasal challenge. METHODS Six-week-old male BALB/c mice were subjected to bacterial challenge in the middle ear and nasopharynx. Mice were inoculated with a suspension of a ChoP(+) strain or ChoP(-) strain of NTHi. On days 1, 3, and 7 after inoculation, the middle ear wash (MEW) and nasal wash (NW) were harvested from each group. The samples were used for bacterial counts and the supernatant was used to measure the level of cytokines and C-reactive protein (CRP). RESULTS MEWs in the ChoP(+) strain group had significantly higher bacterial counts than those in the ChoP(-) strain group on day 1. However, bacteria were eradicated in the ChoP(+) strain group on day 7. NWs in the ChoP(+) strain group had higher bacterial counts than those in the ChoP(-) strain group during the experiment, however, there was no significant difference between the two strains. The levels of cytokines were significantly higher in the ChoP(-) strain group than in the ChoP(+) strain group in MEWs, but these cytokine levels were low in NWs. The CRP concentration in the ChoP(-) group was high on day 7 in the MEWs. In NWs, the CRP concentration was low in all groups during the experiment. CONCLUSION ChoP expression of NTHi changes the organism susceptible to killing by CRP, and the ChoP(+) strain might be gradually eradicated from the middle ear via the CRP-complement cascade, but not from nasopharynx. Based on our findings, phase variation by altering Phosphorylcholine expression of nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae affects bacteria clearance and mucosal immune response in the middle ear and nasopharynx.
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Han X, Li S, Li X, Zhan Q, Zhan Y, Zhao J, Hou X, Yuan X. The effect of zwitterionic surface content on blood circulation time of nanocapsule. J Biomater Appl 2020; 35:371-384. [PMID: 32571174 DOI: 10.1177/0885328220935381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Zwitterionic modification can prolong the blood circulation time of nanocarrier in vivo, but zwitterionic content will affect the functions of nanocarrier such as enzyme-responsive and intracellular or extracellular delivery. Therefore, it is necessary to explore the relationship between the zwitterionic content and circulation time of nanocarrier so as to figure out what content of zwitterion can enable the nanocarrier to obtain both the long blood circulation ability and other functions mentioned above. Herein, using nanocapsule as a research model, we investigated the nanocapsule modified with zwitterion of phosphorylcholine (PC) or carboxybetaine (CB) respectively, and through 1H-NMR quantification we determined the zwitterionic surface content, so as to study the effect of PC or CB surface content on blood circulation performance of nanocapsule. In vivo study showed that the nanocapsule possessed an optimal surface filling ratios range for blood circulation of 43-68% for PC and of 20-68% for CB, with the longest t1/2=37.35 h for PC-nanocapsule and t1/2=45.27 h for CB-nanocapsule. Furthermore, the protein adsorption and macrophage endocytosis experiments indicated that when the surface filling ratio reached 43% for PC-nanocapsule and 20% for CB-nanocapsule, it could effectively reduce the protein adsorption and weaken macrophage endocytosis, thus explaining the phenomenon of long circulation time of nanocapsules from the point of protein adsorption and interaction with immune cells. This study proposes a new direction for designing long-circulating nanocarrier, and provides basis for constructing enzyme-responsive and intracellular or extracellular delivery platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Han
- School of Material, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, School of Material Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Sidi Li
- School of Material, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, School of Material Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xueping Li
- School of Material, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, School of Material Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qi Zhan
- School of Material, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, School of Material Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yueying Zhan
- School of Material, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, School of Material Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jin Zhao
- School of Material, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, School of Material Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Hou
- School of Material, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, School of Material Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xubo Yuan
- School of Material, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, School of Material Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
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Hou Z, Xu J, Teng J, Jia Q, Wang X. Facile preparation of medical segmented poly(ester-urethane) containing uniformly sized hard segments and phosphorylcholine groups for improved hemocompatibility. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl 2019; 109:110571. [PMID: 32228944 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.110571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In order to improve the hemocompatibility of durable medical-grade polyurethane, a novel series of segmented poly(ester-urethane)s containing uniformly sized hard segments and phosphorylcholine (PC) groups on the side chains (SPU-PCs) was prepared by a facile method. The 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) was first reacted with α-thioglycerol by Michael addition to give a diol compound (MPC-diol), then the SPU-PCs with various PC content were prepared by a one-step chain extension of the mixture of MPC-diol and poly(ε-caprolactone) diol (PCL-diol) with aliphatic diurethane diisocyanates (HBH). The chemical structures of MPC-diol and SPU-PCs were confirmed by 1H NMR and FT-IR, and the influences of PC content on the physicochemical properties of the SPU-PC films were studied. The introduction of PC groups enhanced the degree of micro-phase separation and improved the hydrolytic degradation of the films. Due to the denser hydrogen bonds formed in the uniformly sized hard segments, the films exhibited favorable tensile properties and a slow hydrolytic degradation rate. The results of water contact angle and XPS analysis indicated that the PC groups on the flexible side chains were concentrated on the surface after contact with water. The surface hemocompatibility of the films was evaluated by testing the protein adsorption and platelet adhesion, and the results revealed that the films surfaces could dramatically suppress the protein adsorption and platelet adhesion. The PC-containing polyurethane films possessed outstanding tensile properties, low degradation rate and good surface hemocompatibility, implying their great potential for use as long-term implant or blood-contacting devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaosheng Hou
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, PR China.
| | - Jun Xu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, PR China
| | - Jinwei Teng
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, PR China
| | - Qi Jia
- Jinan Thermal Power Co. Ltd., Jinan 250001, PR China
| | - Xuejie Wang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, PR China
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11
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Ohori J, Iuchi H, Maseda Y, Kurono Y. Phosphorylcholine intranasal immunization with a 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine can boost immune response against Streptococcus pneumoniae. Vaccine 2019; 38:699-704. [PMID: 31668823 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.10.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate whether systemic immunization with a 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) followed by intranasal (IN) immunization with phosphorylcholine (PC) can boost immune response against Streptococcus pneumoniae. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two weeks after the intraperitoneal (IP) injection of PCV13, mice were divided into two groups (mice requiring another IP injection of PCV13 and mice requiring PC-keyhole limpet hemocyanin IN immunization in combination with cholera toxin as a mucosal adjuvant) to compare the magnitude of systemic and mucosal immune responses against S. pneumoniae and PC. RESULTS Serum immunoglobulin (Ig) G antibody titer against the vaccine strains of S. pneumoniae was similar between the PCV13 systemic immunization group and PC IN immunization group, while the serum IgG antibody titer against PC was significantly higher in the PC IN immunization group. PC-specific IgA antibody titer in the nasal lavage and PC-specific IgA-producing cell number in the nasal mucosa were also significantly higher in the PC IN immunization group. Induction of PC-specific IgA in the PC IN immunization group enhanced the clearance of bacteria from the middle ear. CONCLUSION Additional IN immunization with PC after PCV13 immunization, which is currently conducted under a periodic vaccination program, can produce a booster effect comparable to that achieved by additional systemic immunization as well as PC-specific mucosal immune response, thereby providing protection against S. pneumoniae serotypes not contained in PCV13.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junichiro Ohori
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Kagoshima University, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Iuchi
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Kagoshima University, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Maseda
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Kagoshima University, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Japan
| | - Yuichi Kurono
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Kagoshima University, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Japan
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12
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Lin H, Wang Q, Zhong R, Li Z, Zhao W, Chen Y, Tian M, Luo X. Biomimetic phosphorylcholine strategy to improve the hemocompatibility of pH-responsive micelles containing tertiary amino groups. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2019; 184:110545. [PMID: 31629184 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2019.110545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
pH-responsive nanocarriers such as polymeric micelles that self-assemble from amphiphilic copolymers containing amino groups have been limited by their significant effects on the blood and thus compromise of their hemocompatibility due to the amino group-induced positive charges. Here we report a biomimetic phosphorylcholine strategy to improve the hemocompatibility of the pH-responsive micelles with positive charges. Amphiphilic copolymers containing different number of tertiary amino groups were synthesized in five steps through ring opening polymerization, azide reaction, thio-bromo "Click" chemistry, and atom transfer radical polymerization to self-assemble biomimetic phosphorylcholine micelles with pH-responsiveness, which shown no significant effects on red blood cells, coagulation, and platelet activation. Moreover, albumin adsorption on the micelles was significantly lower than that of polycaprolactone-methoxypolyethylene glycol (PCL-mPEG) control, and in terms of immune cells, the micelles showed controllable phagocytosis that dependent on the number of tertiary amino groups, in which the one containing four tertiary amino groups in its corresponding copolymer remains had a lower phagocytosis by whole blood leukocyte than that of PCL-mPEG. Based on these results, the hemocompatibility related mechanism of the micelles was discussed and proposed. Our findings demonstrated that this biomimetic phosphorylcholine is a promising strategy to improve the hemocompatibility of the positively charged nanocarriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Lin
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China; Neurosurgery Research Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Quan Wang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China
| | - Rui Zhong
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Chengdu, 610052, PR China
| | - Zhen Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China
| | - Weifeng Zhao
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China
| | - Yuanwei Chen
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China
| | - Meng Tian
- Neurosurgery Research Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China; Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China; West China Brain Research Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China.
| | - Xianglin Luo
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China.
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13
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Paschinger K, Wilson IBH. Anionic and zwitterionic moieties as widespread glycan modifications in non-vertebrates. Glycoconj J 2019; 37:27-40. [PMID: 31278613 PMCID: PMC6994554 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-019-09874-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Glycan structures in non-vertebrates are highly variable; it can be assumed that this is a product of evolution and speciation, not that it is just a random event. However, in animals and protists, there is a relatively limited repertoire of around ten monosaccharide building blocks, most of which are neutral in terms of charge. While two monosaccharide types in eukaryotes (hexuronic and sialic acids) are anionic, there are a number of organic or inorganic modifications of glycans such as sulphate, pyruvate, phosphate, phosphorylcholine, phosphoethanolamine and aminoethylphosphonate that also confer a 'charged' nature (either anionic or zwitterionic) to glycoconjugate structures. These alter the physicochemical properties of the glycans to which they are attached, change their ionisation when analysing them by mass spectrometry and result in different interactions with protein receptors. Here, we focus on N-glycans carrying anionic and zwitterionic modifications in protists and invertebrates, but make some reference to O-glycans, glycolipids and glycosaminoglycans which also contain such moieties. The conclusion is that 'charged' glycoconjugates are a widespread, but easily overlooked, feature of 'lower' organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Iain B H Wilson
- Department für Chemie, Universität für Bodenkultur, 1190, Wien, Austria.
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14
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Croci S, Bonacini M, Muratore F, Caruso A, Fontana A, Boiardi L, Soriano A, Cavazza A, Cimino L, Belloni L, Perry O, Fridkin M, Parmeggiani M, Blank M, Shoenfeld Y, Salvarani C. The therapeutic potential of tuftsin- phosphorylcholine in giant cell arteritis. J Autoimmun 2019; 98:113-121. [PMID: 30638709 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Tuftsin-PhosphorylCholine (TPC) is a novel bi-specific molecule which links tuftsin and phosphorylcholine. TPC has shown immunomodulatory activities in experimental mouse models of autoimmune diseases. We studied herein the effects of TPC ex vivo on both peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and temporal artery biopsies (TABs) obtained from patients with giant cell arteritis (GCA) and age-matched disease controls. GCA is an immune-mediated disease affecting large vessels. Levels of 18 cytokines in supernatants, PBMC viability, T helper (Th) cell differentiation of PBMCs and gene expression in TABs were analyzed. Treatment ex vivo with TPC decreased the production of IL-1β, IL-2, IL-5, IL-6, IL-9, IL-12(p70), IL-13, IL-17A, IL-18, IL-21, IL-22, IL-23, IFNγ, TNFα, GM-CSF by CD3/CD28 activated PBMCs whereas it negligibly affected cell viability. It reduced Th1 and Th17 differentiation while did not impact Th22 differentiation in PBMCs stimulated by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate plus ionomycin. In inflamed TABs, treatment with TPC down-regulated the production of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-13, IL-17A and CD68 gene expression. The effects of TPC were comparable to the effects of dexamethasone, included as the standard of care, with the exception of a greater reduction of IL-2, IL-18, IFNγ in CD3/CD28 activated PBMCs and CD68 gene in inflamed TABs. In conclusion our results warrant further investigations regarding TPC as an immunotherapeutic agent in GCA and potentially other autoimmune and inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Croci
- Unit of Clinical Immunology, Allergy and Advanced Biotechnologies, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy.
| | - Martina Bonacini
- Unit of Clinical Immunology, Allergy and Advanced Biotechnologies, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Francesco Muratore
- Unit of Rheumatology, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy; Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Andrea Caruso
- Unit of Rheumatology, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Antonio Fontana
- Unit of Vascular Surgery, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Luigi Boiardi
- Unit of Rheumatology, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Alessandra Soriano
- Unit of Rheumatology, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy; Campus Bio-Medico, University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto Cavazza
- Unit of Pathology, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Luca Cimino
- Unit of Ocular Immunology, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Lucia Belloni
- Unit of Clinical Immunology, Allergy and Advanced Biotechnologies, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Ori Perry
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Mati Fridkin
- Department of Organic Chemistry, The Weizmann Institute of Sciences, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Maria Parmeggiani
- Unit of Clinical Immunology, Allergy and Advanced Biotechnologies, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Miri Blank
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel; Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Yehuda Shoenfeld
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel; Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Carlo Salvarani
- Unit of Rheumatology, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy; Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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15
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Girdhar G, Ubl S, Jahanbekam R, Thinamany S, Belu A, Wainwright J, Wolf MF. Thrombogenicity assessment of Pipeline, Pipeline Shield, Derivo and P64 flow diverters in an in vitro pulsatile flow human blood loop model. eNeurologicalSci 2019; 14:77-84. [PMID: 30723811 PMCID: PMC6350389 DOI: 10.1016/j.ensci.2019.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Flow diversion is a disruptive technology for the treatment of intracranial aneurysms. However, these intraluminal devices pose a risk for thromboembolic complications despite dual antiplatelet therapy. We report the thrombogenic potential of the following flow diversion devices measured experimentally in a novel human blood in-vitro pulsatile flow loop model: Pipeline™ Flex Embolization Device (Pipeline), Pipeline™ Flex Embolization Device with Shield Technology™ (Pipeline Shield), Derivo Embolization Device (Derivo), and P64 Flow Modulation Device (P64). Thrombin generation (Mean ± SD; μg/mL) was measured as: Derivo (28 ± 11), P64 (21 ± 4.5), Pipeline (21 ± 6.2), Pipeline Shield (0.6 ± 0.1) and Negative Control (1.5 ± 1.1). Platelet activation (IU/μL) was measured as: Derivo (4.9 ± 0.7), P64 (5.2 ± 0.7), Pipeline (5.5 ± 0.4), Pipeline Shield (0.3 ± 0.1), and Negative Control (0.9 ± 0.7). We found that Pipeline Shield had significantly lower platelet activation and thrombin generation than the other devices tested (p < .05) and this was comparable to the Negative Control (no device, p > .05). High resolution scanning electron microscopy performed on the intraluminal and cross-sectional surfaces of each device showed the lowest accumulation of platelets and fibrin on Pipeline Shield relative to Derivo, P64, and Pipeline. Derivo and P64 also had higher thrombus accumulation at the flared ends. Pipeline device with Phosphorylcholine surface treatment (Pipeline Shield) could mitigate device material related thromboembolic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Samantha Ubl
- Medtronic Core Technologies, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | | | | | - Anna Belu
- Medtronic Core Technologies, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | | | - Michael F Wolf
- Medtronic Core Technologies, Minneapolis, MN, United States
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16
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Iuchi H, Ohori J, Kyutoku T, Ito K, Kurono Y. Role of phosphorylcholine in Streptococcus pneumoniae and nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae adherence to epithelial cells. Auris Nasus Larynx 2018; 46:513-519. [PMID: 30503566 DOI: 10.1016/j.anl.2018.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Phosphorylcholine (PC) is a structural component of Streptococcus pneumoniae (Spn) and nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi), and is known to be associated with adherence through the platelet activating factor receptor (PAF-R). Furthermore, high PC expression is considered to be involved in Spn and NTHi virulence. In this study, we examined the influence of PC expression on the adherence of Spn and NTHi to epithelial cells in order to clarify the potential effectiveness of a vaccine targeting PC. METHODS Twenty-seven strains of Spn and twenty-two strains of NTHi were used, cultured overnight, and PC expression was evaluated by fluorescence activated cell sorting; the strains were divided into two groups: PC low expression (PC-low) and PC high expression (PC-high) groups. Bacterial adherence was then examined using Detroit 562 cells and BALB/c mice. Bacterial invasion was then examined in Detroit 562 cells. RESULTS The adherence of Spn and NTHi and invasion of NTHi in the PC-high group was significantly reduced by pretreatment with a monoclonal anti-PC antibody (TEPC-15), PAF-R antagonist (ABT-491), and PC-keyhole limpet hemocyanin (PC-KLH). However, such findings were not observed in the PC-low group. CONCLUSION The present study suggests that PC is involved in the mucosal adhesion of Spn and NTHi, and the mucosal invasion of NTHi with PC-high strains, but not PC-low strains. These results suggest that a PC-targeting mucosal vaccine only affects PC-high Spn and NTHi strains and does not disturb commensal bacterial flora in the upper respiratory tract, which comprises nonpathogenic PC-low bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Iuchi
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan.
| | - Junichiro Ohori
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kyutoku
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Kotoko Ito
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Yuichi Kurono
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
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17
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Ihalin R, Zhong D, Karched M, Chen C, Asikainen S. Phosphorylcholine is located in Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans fimbrial protein Flp 1. Med Microbiol Immunol 2018; 207:329-338. [PMID: 30056510 PMCID: PMC6182317 DOI: 10.1007/s00430-018-0554-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Phosphorylcholine (ChoP) is covalently incorporated into bacterial surface structures, contributing to host mimicry and promoting adhesion to surfaces. Our aims were to determine the frequency of ChoP display among Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans strains, to clarify which surface structures bear ChoP, and whether ChoP-positivity relates to serum killing. The tested oral (N = 67) and blood isolates (N = 27) represented 6 serotypes. Mab TEPC-15 was used for immunoblotting of cell lysates and fractions and for immunofluorescence microscopy of cell surface-bound ChoP. The lysates were denatured with urea for hidden ChoP or treated with proteinase K to test whether it binds to a protein. Three ChoP-positive and two ChoP-negative strains were subjected to serum killing in the presence/absence of CRP and using Ig-depleted serum as complement source. Cell lysates and the first soluble cellular fraction revealed a < 10 kDa band in immunoblots. Among 94 strains, 27 were ChoP positive. No difference was found in the prevalence of ChoP-positive oral (21/67) and blood (6/27) strains. Immunofluorescence microscopy corresponded to the immunoblot results. Proteinase K abolished ChoP reactivity, whereas urea did not change the negative result. The TEPC-15-reactive protein was undetectable in Δflp1 mutant strain. The survival rate of serotype-b strains in serum was 100% irrespective of ChoP, but that of serotype-a was higher in ChoP-positive (85%) than ChoP-negative (71%) strains. The results suggest that a third of rough-colony strains harbor ChoP and that ChoP is attached to fimbrial subunit protein Flp1. It further seems that ChoP-positivity does not enhance but may reduce A. actinomycetemcomitans susceptibility to serum killing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riikka Ihalin
- Oral Microbiology, Institute of Dentistry, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Deyu Zhong
- Oral Microbiology, Institute of Dentistry, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Periodontics, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Maribasappa Karched
- Oral Microbiology, Institute of Dentistry, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Bioclinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Casey Chen
- Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sirkka Asikainen
- Oral Microbiology, Institute of Dentistry, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
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18
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Kyomoto M, Moro T, Yamane S, Watanabe K, Hashimoto M, Tanaka S, Ishihara K. A phospholipid polymer graft layer affords high resistance for wear and oxidation under load bearing conditions. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2018; 79:203-212. [PMID: 29306728 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2017.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Manipulating the surface and substrate of cross-linked polyethylene (CLPE) is an essential approach for obtaining life-long orthopedic bearings. We therefore proposed a bearing material comprised of an antioxidative substrate generated by vitamin E blending (HD-CLPE[VE]) with a poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine) (PMPC)-grafted surface, and investigated its wear resistance and oxidative stability under accelerated aging and load bearing conditions. Neither the hydration nor friction kinetics of the molecular network structure of the PMPC-grafted surface or the HD-CLPE(VE) substrate were influenced by accelerated aging but rather exhibited high stability even under high oxidation conditions. The characteristics of the PMPC-grafted surface improved the wear and impact fatigue resistance of the HD-CLPE(VE) liner regardless of accelerated aging. Notably, the PMPC-grafted surface was found to affect the potential oxidative stability at the rim part of the acetabular liner. PMPC chains serve several important functions on the surface regardless of load bearing, such as high lubricity or low lipophilicity attributed to phosphorylcholine groups and/or surrounding water-fluid film, and suppression of lipid diffusion attributed to methacrylate main chains on the surface. Together, these results provide preliminary evidence that the PMPC graft layer and vitamin E-blended substrate might positively affect the extent of orthopedic implant durability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Kyomoto
- Department of Materials Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan; Division of Science for Joint Reconstruction, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan; Medical R&D Center, Corporate R&D Group, KYOCERA Corporation, 800 Ichimiyake, Yasu 520-2362, Japan
| | - Toru Moro
- Division of Science for Joint Reconstruction, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan; Sensory & Motor System Medicine, Faculty of Medicine; The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Shihori Yamane
- Department of Materials Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan; Division of Science for Joint Reconstruction, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan; Medical R&D Center, Corporate R&D Group, KYOCERA Corporation, 800 Ichimiyake, Yasu 520-2362, Japan
| | - Kenichi Watanabe
- Division of Science for Joint Reconstruction, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan; Medical R&D Center, Corporate R&D Group, KYOCERA Corporation, 800 Ichimiyake, Yasu 520-2362, Japan
| | - Masami Hashimoto
- Materials Research and Development Laboratory, Japan Fine Ceramics Center, 2-4-1 Mutsuno, Atsuta-ku, Nagoya 456-8587, Japan
| | - Sakae Tanaka
- Sensory & Motor System Medicine, Faculty of Medicine; The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Ishihara
- Department of Materials Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.
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19
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Stanton R, Hykollari A, Eckmair B, Malzl D, Dragosits M, Palmberger D, Wang P, Wilson IB, Paschinger K. The underestimated N-glycomes of lepidopteran species. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2017; 1861:699-714. [PMID: 28077298 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2017.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insects are significant to the environment, agriculture, health and biotechnology. Many of these aspects display some relationship to glycosylation, e.g., in case of pathogen binding or production of humanised antibodies; for a long time, it has been considered that insect N-glycosylation potentials are rather similar and simple, but as more species are glycomically analysed in depth, it is becoming obvious that there is indeed a large structural diversity and interspecies variability. METHODS Using an off-line LC-MALDI-TOF MS approach, we have analysed the N-glycomes of two lepidopteran species (the cabbage looper Trichoplusia ni and the gypsy moth Lymantria dispar) as well as of the commonly-used T. ni High Five cell line. RESULTS We detected not only sulphated, glucuronylated, core difucosylated and Lewis-like antennal fucosylated structures, but also the zwitterion phosphorylcholine on antennal GlcNAc residues, a modification otherwise familiar from nematodes; in L. dispar, N-glycans with glycolipid-like antennae containing α-linked N-acetylgalactosamine were also revealed. CONCLUSION The lepidopteran glycomes analysed not only display core α1,3-fucosylation, which is foreign to mammals, but also up to 5% anionic and/or zwitterionic glycans previously not found in these species. SIGNIFICANCE The occurrence of anionic and zwitterionic glycans in the Lepidoptera data is not only of glycoanalytical and evolutionary interest, but is of biotechnological relevance as lepidopteran cell lines are potential factories for recombinant glycoprotein production.
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Khomtchouk K, Alter S, Ratliff M, Blomberg BB, Riley RL. In old BALB/c mice, bone marrow pre-B cell and surrogate light chain reduction is associated with increased B cell reactivity to phosphorylcholine, but reduced T15 idiotype dominance. Mech Ageing Dev 2017; 162:53-62. [PMID: 27876385 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2016.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
In young adult BALB/c mice, antibodies to phosphorylcholine (PC) bearing the T15 (TEPC 15) idiotype confer protection against pneumococcal infections. In old age, even though PC reactive B cells are often increased, the proportion of T15+ antibodies declines. We hypothesize that limited surrogate light chain (SLC) and compromise of the pre-B cell receptor checkpoint in old mice contribute to both reduced new B cell generation and changes in the anti-PC antibodies seen in old age. In old mice: 1) early pre-B cell loss is most pronounced at the preBCR checkpoint; however, the reduced pool of early pre-B cells continues to proliferate consistent with preBCR signaling; 2) increased PC reactivity is seen in bone marrow immature B cells; 3) deficient SLC promotes increased B cell PC reactivity and diminished T15 idiotype expression; and 4) as pre-B cell losses and reduced SLC become progressively more severe, increased T15 negative PC reactive B cells occur. These results associate a reduction in pre-B cells, imposed at the preBCR checkpoint, with increased reactivity to PC, but more limited expression of the protective T15 idiotype among PC reactive antibodies in old age.
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Kyomoto M, Moro T, Yamane S, Takatori Y, Tanaka S, Ishihara K. A hydrated phospholipid polymer-grafted layer prevents lipid-related oxidative degradation of cross-linked polyethylene. Biomaterials 2016; 112:122-132. [PMID: 27760396 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The surface and substrate of a cross-linked polyethylene (CLPE) liner are designed to achieve resistance against oxidative degradation in the construction of hip joint replacements. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the oxidative degradation caused by lipid absorption of a highly hydrophilic nanometer-scaled thickness layer prepared by grafting a poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine) (PMPC) layer and a high-dose gamma-ray irradiated CLPE with vitamin E blending (HD-CLPE[VE]). The HD-CLPE(VE) and PMPC-grafted HD-CLPE(VE) exhibited extremely high oxidation resistance regardless of lipid absorption, even though residual-free radical levels were detectable. The water wettability of the PMPC-grafted CLPE and PMPC-grafted HD-CLPE(VE) surfaces was considerably greater than that of untreated surfaces. The hydrated PMPC-grafted layer also exhibited extremely low solubility for squalene. Lipids such as squalene and cholesterol esters diminished the oxidation resistance of CLPE despite the vitamin E improvement. Notably, the PMPC-grafted surface was resistant to lipid absorption and diffusion as well as subsequent lipid-related oxidative degradation, likely because of the presence of the hydrated PMPC-grafted layer. Together, these results provide preliminary evidence that the resistance against lipid absorption and diffusion of a hydrated PMPC-grafted layer might positively affect the extent of resistance to the in vivo oxidation of orthopedic implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Kyomoto
- Department of Materials Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan; Division of Science for Joint Reconstruction, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan; Research Department, KYOCERA Medical Corporation, 3-3-31 Miyahara, Yodogawa-ku, Osaka 532-0003, Japan
| | - Toru Moro
- Division of Science for Joint Reconstruction, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan; Sensory & Motor System Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Shihori Yamane
- Department of Materials Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan; Division of Science for Joint Reconstruction, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan; Research Department, KYOCERA Medical Corporation, 3-3-31 Miyahara, Yodogawa-ku, Osaka 532-0003, Japan
| | - Yoshio Takatori
- Division of Science for Joint Reconstruction, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan; Sensory & Motor System Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Sakae Tanaka
- Sensory & Motor System Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Ishihara
- Department of Materials Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.
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Wang YB, Shi KH, Jiang HL, Gong YK. Significantly reduced adsorption and activation of blood components in a membrane oxygenator system coated with crosslinkable zwitterionic copolymer. Acta Biomater 2016; 40:153-61. [PMID: 26969525 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Revised: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED A crosslinkable zwitterionic copolymer PMBT was coated onto the surfaces of polypropylene hollow fiber membrane (PP-HFM) oxygenator and its connecting tubes. The PMBT copolymer coating on the oxygenator circuit formed a cell outer membrane mimetic surface with excellent stability. The hemocompatibility of the PMBT copolymer coated PP-HFM oxygenator circuit was evaluated by animal extracorporeal circulation. The concentrations of clotting components fibrinogen and platelet in the blood were almost unchanged during the circulation through the PMBT copolymer coated oxygenator circuits. By contrast, the concentrations of fibrinogen and platelet were significantly reduced to 52% and 56% respectively in the uncoated oxygenator group due to adsorption and thrombogenesis of the blood during 2h circulation. Moreover, concentration of activation marker beta-thromboglobulin for platelet in the blood was remarkably lower in the PMBT group than the uncoated control group (p<0.01). All the results strongly supported that the hemocompatibility of the PP-HFM oxygenator circuit could be improved significantly by coating a stable and densely assembled zwitterionic polymer film. This simple, stable and highly effective cell membrane mimetic coating strategy may be applicable in developing advanced oxygenator systems and other artificial organs. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Although a number of studies have reported the fabrication of zwitterionic phosphorylcholine coated oxygenators to resist the adsorption and activation of blood components and eliminate heparin-induced thrombocytopenia, none of them have fabricated stable and densely assembled film, especially with crosslinkable amphiphilic random copolymer described in our manuscript. The novel features of our work include.
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Goda T, Miyahara Y. Engineered zwitterionic phosphorylcholine monolayers for elucidating multivalent binding kinetics of C-reactive protein. Acta Biomater 2016; 40:46-53. [PMID: 26873368 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Revised: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Understanding of the activation dynamics of C-reactive protein (CRP) on plasma membranes is important in the development of zwitterionic biomaterials for their uses in the tissues of inflammation and infection. Previously, the use of a zwitterionic phosphorylcholine group, a biomimetic ligand for CRP in the presence of calcium ions, for binding experiments has revealed that the adsorption dynamics changed by ionic microenvironments. Here we focused on the effect of the ligand density on a surface, a major physicochemical parameter, on the multivalent binding modes. A building block from synthetic origin, a phospholipid analogue with thiol ends, was developed for making a cell membrane-mimicked self-assembled monolayers with tunable lateral ligand density on the molecular basis. The multivalent binding kinetics of CRP, a pentraxin in the original conformation, onto the engineered surface was measured using a surface plasmon resonance technique. The binding experiments revealed that the on-rate and off-rate constants in the first ligand-occupation reaction increased with increasing the ligand density, which resulted in stable values of the dissociation constant. Notably, the binding affinity in the second ligand-occupation reaction showed the optimal value as a function of the ligand density. Moreover, the binding experiments using a monomeric CRP-specific DNA aptamer revealed that pentameric CRP underwent structural transition into the monomers following the adsorption onto the surfaces via multivalent contacts in a pH-dependent manner. The bioengineering-based approach reveals for the first time how the multiple binding reaction is altered by the ligand arrangement at the molecular resolution and how CRP is activated by the conformational transition induced by the multiplex bindings. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE C-reactive protein (CRP), a major acute-phase pentraxin, binds to plasma membranes through the multivalent contacts with zwitterionic phosphorylcholine groups. However, details in the molecular dynamics is unknown due to a lack of proper sensing platform. The paper describe the synthesis of thiol-functionalized phosphorylcholine for the development of a robust cell membrane-mimetic surface on a surface plasmon resonance sensor at desired lateral ligand densities. The engineered approach on molecular basis enables a rigorous arrangement of the ligand on the surface, whose tunability and robustness are not achieved using conventional supported lipid layers. The effect of the ligand density on the multivalent binding kinetics provides the understanding of how the multivalent contacts induce conformational transitions of CRP and responses to inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuro Goda
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan.
| | - Yuji Miyahara
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
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Rahman M, Sing S, Golabkesh Z, Fiskesund R, Gustafsson T, Jogestrand T, Frostegård AG, Hafström I, Liu A, Frostegård J. IgM antibodies against malondialdehyde and phosphorylcholine are together strong protection markers for atherosclerosis in systemic lupus erythematosus: Regulation and underlying mechanisms. Clin Immunol 2016; 166-167:27-37. [PMID: 27102765 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2016.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2015] [Revised: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Phosphorylcholine (PC) and malondialdehyde (MDA) are generated during lipid peroxidation and form adducts with proteins as albumin as studied herein. Atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease (CVD) are increased in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We here investigate the role and regulation of IgM antibodies against PC (anti-PC) and MDA (anti-MDA). METHODS IgM anti-PC and anti-MDA in SLE patients (n=114) were compared with age- and sex-matched population-based controls (n=108). Common carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) and plaque occurrence were determined by B-mode ultrasound. Plaques were graded according to echogenicity (potentially vulnerability). Production of IgM anti-PC and anti-MDA by B cells was determined by ELISA and ELISPOT. The effect of anti-PC and anti-MDA on macrophage uptake of apoptotic cells and oxidative stress was studied by flow cytometry. RESULTS Above 66rd percentile together, IgM anti-PC and anti-MDA were striking protection markers for plaque prevalence and echolucency in SLE (OR: 0.08, CI: 0.01-0.46 and OR: 0.10, CI: 0.01-0.82), respectively, and risk markers for plaque prevalence when below 33rd percentile: OR: 3.79, CI: (1.10-13.00). In vitro, IgM anti-PC and anti-MDA were much higher when B cells were co-cultured with CD3 T cells. Anti-HLA-, anti-CD40 antibody or CD40 silencing abolished these effects. Uptake of apoptotic cells was increased by IgM anti-PC and anti-MDA. MDA induced increased oxidative stress, which was inhibited by IgM anti-MDA. CONCLUSIONS Unexpectedly, both IgM anti-MDA and IgM anti-PC are T-cell dependent and especially together, are strong protection markers for atherosclerosis in SLE. Underlying mechanisms include increased phagocytosis of apoptotic cells and decrease of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mizanur Rahman
- IMM, Unit of Immunology and Chronic Disease, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sudhir Sing
- IMM, Unit of Immunology and Chronic Disease, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Zahra Golabkesh
- IMM, Unit of Immunology and Chronic Disease, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Roland Fiskesund
- IMM, Unit of Immunology and Chronic Disease, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thomas Gustafsson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Physiology, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tomas Jogestrand
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Physiology, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna G Frostegård
- IMM, Unit of Immunology and Chronic Disease, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ingiäld Hafström
- Department of Rheumatology, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anquan Liu
- IMM, Unit of Immunology and Chronic Disease, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan Frostegård
- IMM, Unit of Immunology and Chronic Disease, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden.
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Yan S, Wilson IBH, Paschinger K. Comparison of RP-HPLC modes to analyse the N-glycome of the free-living nematode Pristionchus pacificus. Electrophoresis 2016; 36:1314-29. [PMID: 25639343 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201400528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Revised: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Pristionchus pacificus is a free-living nematode increasingly used as an organism for comparison to the more familiar model Caenorhabditis elegans. In this study, we examined the N-glycans of this organism isolated after serial release with peptide:N-glycosidases F and A; after fluorescent labelling with 2-aminopyridine, chromatographic fractionation by three types of RP-HPLC (with either classical C18, fused core C18 or alkylamide-bonded phases) followed by mass spectrometric analyses revealed key features of its N-glycome. In addition to paucimannosidic and oligomannosidic glycans typical of invertebrates, N-glycans with two core fucose residues were detected. Furthermore, a range of glycans carrying up to three phosphorylcholine residues was observed whereas, unlike C. elegans, no tetrafucosylated N-glycans were detected. Structures with three fucose residues, unusual methylation of core α1,3-fucose or with galactosylated fucose motifs were found in low amounts; these features may correlate with a different ensemble or expression of glycosyltransferase genes as compared to C. elegans. From an analytical perspective, both the alkylamide RP-amide and fused core C18 columns, as compared to a classical C18 material, offer advantages in terms of resolution and of elution properties, as some minor pyridylamino-labelled glycans (e.g. those carrying phosphorylcholine) appear in earlier fractions and so potential losses of such structures due to insufficient gradient length can be avoided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Yan
- Department für Chemie, Universität für Bodenkultur, Wien, Austria
| | - Iain B H Wilson
- Department für Chemie, Universität für Bodenkultur, Wien, Austria
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Paschinger K, Wilson IB. Analysis of zwitterionic and anionic N-linked glycans from invertebrates and protists by mass spectrometry. Glycoconj J 2016; 33:273-83. [PMID: 26899268 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-016-9650-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Revised: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Glycomic analyses over the years have revealed that non-vertebrate eukaryotes express oligosaccharides with inorganic and zwitterionic modifications which are either occurring in different contexts as compared to, or are absent from, mammals. Examples of anionic N-glycans (carrying sulphate or phosphate) are known from amoebae, fungi, molluscs and insects, while zwitterionic modifications by phosphorylcholine, phosphoethanolamine and aminoethylphosphonate occur on N-, O- and lipid-linked glycans from trichomonads, annelids, fungi, molluscs, insects, cestodes and nematodes. For detection of zwitterionic and anionic glycans, mass spectrometry has been a key method, but their ionic character affects the preparation and purification; therefore, as part of a glycomic strategy, the possibility of their presence must be considered in advance. On the other hand, their ionisation and fragmentation in positive and negative ion mode mass spectrometry as well as specific chemical or enzymatic treatments can prove diagnostic to their analysis. In our laboratory, we combine solid-phase extraction, reversed and normal phase HPLC, MALDI-TOF MS, exoglycosidase digests and hydrofluoric acid treatment to reveal N-glycans modified with anionic and zwitterionic moieties in a wide range of organisms. It is to be anticipated that, as more species are glycomically analysed, zwitterionic and anionic modifications of N-glycans will prove rather widespread. This knowledge is - in the longer term - then the basis for understanding the function of this cornucopia of glycan modifications.
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Timm T, Grabitzki J, Severcan C, Muratoglu S, Ewald L, Yilmaz Y, Lochnit G. The PCome of Ascaris suum as a model system for intestinal nematodes: identification of phosphorylcholine-substituted proteins and first characterization of the PC-epitope structures. Parasitol Res 2016; 115:1263-74. [PMID: 26728072 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-015-4863-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In multicellular parasites (e.g., nematodes and protozoa), proteins and glycolipids have been found to be decorated with phosphorylcholine (PC). PC can provoke various effects on immune cells leading to an immunomodulation of the host's immune system. This immunomodulation allows long-term persistence but also prevents severe pathology due to downregulation of cellular immune responses. PC-containing antigens have been found to interfere with key proliferative signaling pathways in B and T cells, development of dendritic cells and macrophages, and mast cell degranulation. These effects contribute to the observed modulated cytokine levels and impairment of lymphocyte proliferation. In contrast to glycosphingolipids, little is known about the PC-epitopes of proteins. So far, only a limited number of PC-modified proteins from nematodes have been identified. In this project, PC-substituted proteins and glycolipids in Ascaris suum have been localized by immunohistochemistry in specific tissues of the body wall, intestine, and reproductive tract. Subsequently, we investigated the PCome of A. suum by 2D gel-based proteomics and detection by Western blotting using the PC-specific antibody TEPC-15. By peptide-mass-fingerprint matrix-assisted laser-desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS), we could identify 59 PC-substituted proteins, which are in involved multiple cellular processes. In addition to membrane proteins like vitellogenin-6, we found proteins with structural (e.g., tubulins) and metabolic (e.g., pyruvate dehydrogenase) functions or which can act in the defense against the host's immune response (e.g., serpins). Initial characterization of the PC-epitopes revealed a predominant linkage of PC to the proteins via N-glycans. Our data form the basis for more detailed investigations of the PC-epitope structures as a prerequisite for comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanisms of immunomodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Timm
- Protein Analytics, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Justus-Liebig University, Friedrichstrasse 24, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Julia Grabitzki
- Protein Analytics, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Justus-Liebig University, Friedrichstrasse 24, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Cinar Severcan
- Protein Analytics, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Justus-Liebig University, Friedrichstrasse 24, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Suzan Muratoglu
- Protein Analytics, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Justus-Liebig University, Friedrichstrasse 24, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Lisa Ewald
- Protein Analytics, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Justus-Liebig University, Friedrichstrasse 24, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Yavuz Yilmaz
- Protein Analytics, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Justus-Liebig University, Friedrichstrasse 24, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Guenter Lochnit
- Protein Analytics, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Justus-Liebig University, Friedrichstrasse 24, 35392, Giessen, Germany.
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Wilson IBH, Paschinger K. Sweet secrets of a therapeutic worm: mass-spectrometric N-glycomic analysis of Trichuris suis. Anal Bioanal Chem 2015; 408:461-71. [PMID: 26650734 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-015-9154-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Revised: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Trichuris suis, a nematode parasite of pigs, has attracted attention as its eggs have been administered to human patients as a potential therapy for inflammatory diseases. The immunomodulatory factors remain molecularly uncharacterised, but in vitro studies suggest that glycans on the parasite's excretory/secretory proteins may play a role. Using an off-line LC-MS approach in combination with chemical and enzymatic treatments, we have examined the N-linked oligosaccharides of T. suis. In addition to the paucimannosidic and oligomannosidic N-glycans typical of many invertebrates, a number of glycans carry N,N'-diacetyllactosamine (LacdiNAc) modified by fucose and/or phosphorylcholine. Such antennal epitopes are similar to ones previously associated with immunomodulation by helminths; here we propose phosphorylcholine modifications predominantly of terminal N-acetylgalactosamine but also of subterminal α1,3-fucosylated N-acetylglucosamine. Exact knowledge of the glycome of T. suis will facilitate more targeted studies on glycan receptors in the host as well as the engineering of cell lines to produce correctly glycosylated recombinant forms of candidate proteins for future studies on immunomodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iain B H Wilson
- Department of Chemistry, Universität für Bodenkultur, Muthgasse 18, 1190, Wien, Austria.
| | - Katharina Paschinger
- Department of Chemistry, Universität für Bodenkultur, Muthgasse 18, 1190, Wien, Austria
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Zhao J, Chai YD, Zhang J, Huang PF, Nakashima K, Gong YK. Long circulating micelles of an amphiphilic random copolymer bearing cell outer membrane phosphorylcholine zwitterions. Acta Biomater 2015; 16:94-102. [PMID: 25637066 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2015.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2014] [Revised: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Polymeric micelles with cell outer membrane mimetic structure were prepared in water from amphiphilic random copolymers bearing both the hydrophilic phosphorylcholine zwitterions and hydrophobic octadecyl side chains of cell outer membrane. The polymeric micelles showed sizes ranging from 80 nm to 120 nm in hydrodynamic diameter and zeta-potentials from -6.4 mV to -2.4 mV by dynamic light scattering measurements. The micelles loaded with 6-coumarin as a fluorescence probe were stable to investigate their blood circulation and biodistribution. The in vitro phagocytosis results using murine peritoneal macrophages showed 10-fold reduction compared with a reference micelle. The in vivo blood circulation half-life of the polymeric micelles following intravenous administration in New Zealand Rabbits was increased from 0.55 h to 90.5h. More interestingly, tissue distribution results showed that the concentration of the micelles in the kidney is 4-fold higher than that in the liver and other organs 48 h after administration. The results of this work show great promise for designing more effective stealth drug carriers that can minimize reticuloendothelial system clearance and circulate for long time to reach target by using simple cell membrane mimetic random copolymer micelles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, Shaanxi, PR China; School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an 710048, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Yu-Dong Chai
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Peng-Fei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Kenichi Nakashima
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Saga University, 1 Honjo-machi, Saga 840-8502, Japan.
| | - Yong-Kuan Gong
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, Shaanxi, PR China.
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Ben-Ami Shor D, Bashi T, Lachnish J, Fridkin M, Bizzaro G, Barshak I, Blank M, Shoenfeld Y. Phosphorylcholine-tuftsin compound prevents development of dextransulfate-sodium-salt induced murine colitis: implications for the treatment of human inflammatory bowel disease. J Autoimmun 2014; 56:111-7. [PMID: 25479760 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2014.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Revised: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Improved clinical findings of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) upon treatment with helminthes and their ova were proven in animal models of IBD and in human clinical studies. The immunomodulatory properties of several helminthes were attributed to the phosphorylcholine (PC) molecule. We assessed the therapeutic potential of tuftsin-PC conjugate (TPC) to attenuate murine colitis. Colitis was induced by Dextransulfate-Sodium-Salt (DSS) in drinking water. TPC was given by daily oral ingestion (50 μg/0.1 ml/mouse or PBS) starting at day -2. Disease activity index (DAI) score was followed daily and histology of the colon was performed by H&E staining. Analysis of the cytokines profile in distal colon lysates was performed by immunoblot. Treatment of DSS induced colitis with TPC prevented the severity of colitis, including a reduction in the DAI score, less shortening of the colon and less inflammatory activity in histology. The immunoblot showed that the colitis preventive activity of TPC was associated with downregulation of colon pro-inflammatory IL-1β, TNFα and IL-17 cytokines expression, and enhancement of anti-inflammatory IL-10 cytokine expression. In the current study, we demonstrated that TPC treatment can prevent significantly experimental colitis induction in naïve mice. We propose the TPC as a novel potential small synthetic molecule to treat colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Ben-Ami Shor
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sheba Medical Center affiliated to Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Israel; Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center affiliated to Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Israel
| | - Tomer Bashi
- Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center affiliated to Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Israel
| | - Jordan Lachnish
- Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center affiliated to Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Israel
| | - Mati Fridkin
- Department of Organic Chemistry, The Weizmann Institute of Sciences, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Giorgia Bizzaro
- Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center affiliated to Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Israel
| | - Iris Barshak
- Institute of Pathology, Sheba Medical Center, affiliated to Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Miri Blank
- Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center affiliated to Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Israel
| | - Yehuda Shoenfeld
- Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center affiliated to Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Israel; Incumbent of the Laura Schwarz-Kipp Chair for Research of Autoimmune Diseases, Tel-Aviv University, Israel.
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Park JU, Ham J, Kim S, Seo JH, Kim SH, Lee S, Min HJ, Choi S, Choi RM, Kim H, Oh S, Hur JA, Choi TH, Lee Y. Alleviation of capsular formations on silicone implants in rats using biomembrane-mimicking coatings. Acta Biomater 2014; 10:4217-25. [PMID: 25020265 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2014.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Revised: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Despite their popular use in breast augmentation and reconstruction surgeries, the limited biocompatibility of silicone implants can induce severe side effects, including capsular contracture - an excessive foreign body reaction that forms a tight and hard fibrous capsule around the implant. This study examines the effects of using biomembrane-mimicking surface coatings to prevent capsular formations on silicone implants. The covalently attached biomembrane-mimicking polymer, poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine) (PMPC), prevented nonspecific protein adsorption and fibroblast adhesion on the silicone surface. More importantly, in vivo capsule formations around PMPC-grafted silicone implants in rats were significantly thinner and exhibited lower collagen densities and more regular collagen alignments than bare silicone implants. The observed decrease in α-smooth muscle actin also supported the alleviation of capsular formations by the biomembrane-mimicking coating. Decreases in inflammation-related cells, myeloperoxidase and transforming growth factor-β resulted in reduced inflammation in the capsular tissue. The biomembrane-mimicking coatings used on these silicone implants demonstrate great potential for preventing capsular contracture and developing biocompatible materials for various biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Ung Park
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Seoul National University Boramae Hospital, 5 Gil 20, Boramae-ro, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul 156-707, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyeon Ham
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-747, Republic of Korea
| | - Sukwha Kim
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-Gu, Seoul 110-744, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hun Seo
- Department of Organic Materials, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Sang-Hyon Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, 56 Dalseong-ro, Jung-Gu, Daegu 700-712, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonju Lee
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-747, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jeong Min
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-Gu, Seoul 110-744, Republic of Korea; Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-Gu, Seoul 110-744, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunghyun Choi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-747, Republic of Korea
| | - Ra Mi Choi
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-Gu, Seoul 110-744, Republic of Korea; Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-Gu, Seoul 110-744, Republic of Korea
| | - Heejin Kim
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-747, Republic of Korea
| | - Sohee Oh
- Department of Biostatics, Seoul National University Boramae Hospital, 5 Gil 20, Boramae-ro, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul 156-707, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji An Hur
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongsangbook-do 712-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Hyun Choi
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-Gu, Seoul 110-744, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yan Lee
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-747, Republic of Korea.
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Wu M, Guo K, Dong H, Zeng R, Tu M, Zhao J. In vitro drug release and biological evaluation of biomimetic polymeric micelles self-assembled from amphiphilic deoxycholic acid- phosphorylcholine-chitosan conjugate. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl 2014; 45:162-9. [PMID: 25491815 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2014.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Revised: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Novel biomimetic amphiphilic chitosan derivative, deoxycholic acid-phosphorylcholine-chitosan conjugate (DCA-PCCs) was synthesized based on the combination of Atherton-Todd reaction for coupling phosphorylcholine (PC) and carbodiimide coupling reaction for linking deoxycholic acid (DCA) to chitosan. The chemical structure of DCA-PCCs was characterized by (1)H and (31)P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The self-assembly of DCA-PCCs in water was analyzed by fluorescence measurements, dynamic laser light-scattering (DLS), zeta potential and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) technologies. The results confirmed that the amphiphilic DCA-PCCs can self-assemble to form nanosized spherical micelles with biomimetic PC shell. In vitro biological evaluation revealed that DCA-PCCs micelles had low toxicity against NIH/3T3 mouse embryonic fibroblasts as well as good hemocompatibility. Using quercetin as a hydrophobic model drug, drug loading and release study suggested that biomimetic DCA-PCCs micelles could be used as a promising nanocarrier avoiding unfavorable biological response for hydrophobic drug delivery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minming Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Kai Guo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Hongwei Dong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Rong Zeng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China.
| | - Mei Tu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Jianhao Zhao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
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Hiraguchi Y, Nagahashi K, Shibayama T, Hayashi T, Yano TA, Kushiro K, Takai M. Effect of the distribution of adsorbed proteins on cellular adhesion behaviors using surfaces of nanoscale phase-reversed amphiphilic block copolymers. Acta Biomater 2014; 10:2988-95. [PMID: 24690479 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2014.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Revised: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
In order to create suitable biocompatible materials for various tissue engineering applications, it is important to be able to understand protein adsorption and cell adhesion behaviors on the material's surfaces. It is known that the nanoscale distribution of adsorbed proteins affects cell adhesion behaviors. However, how nanoscale structures affect cell adhesion behaviors is still unclear. Therefore, in this study, we investigate the effect of the distribution of adsorbed proteins by the phase reversal of amphiphilic block copolymers composed of protein-non-adsorptive poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine) (PMPC) and protein-adsorptive poly(3-methacryloyloxy propyltris(trimethylsilyloxy) silane) (PMPTSSi) on cell adhesion behaviors. The nanodomain structures of phase-separated block copolymers were successfully confirmed using transmission electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. Surfaces that had PMPC dot-like domains (23 ± 4 nm) and ones that had PMPTSSi dot-like domains (25 ± 6 nm) were made. From protein adsorption and L929 cell adhesion measurements, it was found that even on surfaces with equal quantities of protein adsorption, the number of cells on surfaces with PMPC dot-like domains was larger than those with PMPTSSi dot-like domains. This suggests that the simple phase-reversal of the distribution of adsorbed proteins can be used to affect cell adhesion behaviors for designing biomaterial surfaces for tissue engineering applications.
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Rzepecka J, Coates ML, Saggar M, Al-Riyami L, Coltherd J, Tay HK, Huggan JK, Janicova L, Khalaf AI, Siebeke I, Suckling CJ, Harnett MM, Harnett W. Small molecule analogues of the immunomodulatory parasitic helminth product ES-62 have anti-allergy properties. Int J Parasitol 2014; 44:669-74. [PMID: 24929132 PMCID: PMC4119935 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2014.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Revised: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Small molecule analogues of the helminth immunomodulator ES-62 have been produced. Two analogues inhibit mast cell functions and prevent airway hypersensitivity. The analogues are drug-like and could be considered for treatment of human allergy.
ES-62, a glycoprotein secreted by the filarial nematode Acanthocheilonema viteae, exhibits anti-inflammatory properties by virtue of covalently attached phosphorylcholine moieties. Screening of a library of ES-62 phosphorylcholine-based small molecule analogues (SMAs) revealed that two compounds, termed 11a and 12b, mirrored the helminth product both in inhibiting mast cell degranulation and cytokine responses in vitro and in preventing ovalbumin-induced Th2-associated airway inflammation and eosinophil infiltration of the lungs in mice. Furthermore, the two SMAs inhibited neutrophil infiltration of the lungs when administered therapeutically. ES-62-SMAs 11a and 12b thus represent starting points for novel drug development for allergies such as asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Rzepecka
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, Scotland, UK
| | - Michelle L Coates
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, Scotland, UK
| | - Moninder Saggar
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, Scotland, UK
| | - Lamyaa Al-Riyami
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, Scotland, UK
| | - Jennifer Coltherd
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, Scotland, UK
| | - Hwee Kee Tay
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, Scotland, UK
| | - Judith K Huggan
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XL, Scotland, UK
| | - Lucia Janicova
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, Scotland, UK
| | - Abedawn I Khalaf
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XL, Scotland, UK
| | - Ivonne Siebeke
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, Scotland, UK
| | - Colin J Suckling
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XL, Scotland, UK
| | - Margaret M Harnett
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, Scotland, UK
| | - William Harnett
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, Scotland, UK.
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Harada T, Ogawa Y, Eguchi M, Shi F, Sato M, Uchida K, Nakayama H, Shimoji Y. Phosphorylcholine and SpaA, a choline-binding protein, are involved in the adherence of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae to porcine endothelial cells, but this adherence is not mediated by the PAF receptor. Vet Microbiol 2014; 172:216-22. [PMID: 24856134 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2014.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Revised: 04/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A crucial event in the initiation of many bacterial infections is the adherence of the bacteria to host cells, and bacterial surface structures and their interactions with host cell receptors play an important role in this process. Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae is the causative agent of swine erysipelas, which may cause acute septicemia or chronic endocarditis and polyarthritis. To study the pathogenic mechanism of the widespread vascular disease observed in the acute form of swine erysipelas, we investigated the role of phosphorylcholine (PCho), a component of the E. rhusiopathiae capsule, in bacterial adherence to porcine endothelial cells (PECs) in vitro. We found that adherence of E. rhusiopathiae strain Fujisawa to PECs was twice that of adherence to control COS-7 cells and that the adherence rates of PCho-defective mutants were approximately 30-50% lower than those of the Fujisawa strain. The adherence of the Fujisawa strain to COS-7 cells transfected with the porcine platelet-activating factor receptor (PAFR) gene, which encodes a G protein-coupled receptor that has been shown to directly bind to Streptococcus pneumoniae via PCho in the bacterial cell wall, was not enhanced. Treatment with a PAFR antagonist (WEB-2086) did not inhibit bacterial adherence to PECs. Incubation of the bacterial cells with an antibody against PCho or SpaA, a choline-binding protein anchored to PCho of the Fujisawa strain, reduced the adherence of the strain to PECs. This effect was not observed when PCho-defective mutants were used. These results suggest that E. rhusiopathiae adheres to PECs via PCho and SpaA and that the PCho-mediated adherence is independent of PAFR.
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Grönwall C, Reynolds H, Kim JK, Buyon J, Goldberg JD, Clancy RM, Silverman GJ. Relation of carotid plaque with natural IgM antibodies in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Clin Immunol 2014; 153:1-7. [PMID: 24704464 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2014.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Revised: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Noninvasive carotid measurements have proven value in the estimation of future cardiovascular (CV) outcomes in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Natural IgM-antibodies to phosphorylcholine (PC) epitopes can enhance apoptotic-cell clearance and induce anti-inflammatory pathways. Herein, we show that subclinical CV disease, as detected by carotid ultrasound, in a cross-sectional SLE cohort was associated with lower levels of IgM anti-PC, as well as lower levels of the ratio of IgM anti-PC/total IgM, compared to patients without plaque (p=0.004 and p=0.02, respectively). The IgM anti-PC/total IgM association remained significant after adjusting for age, cholesterol and hypertension. Adiponectin and sE-selectin were significantly elevated in patients with plaque, and statistical models showed that combining adiponectin, sE-selectin and IgM anti-PC/total IgM was better for predicting plaque than either test alone. These results support the hypothesis that IgM-natural autoantibodies may inhibit atherogenesis, and confirm the utility of IgM anti-PC levels as a biomarker for subclinical CV disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Grönwall
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Harmony Reynolds
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - June K Kim
- Department of Population Health, Division of Biostatistics, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jill Buyon
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Judith D Goldberg
- Department of Population Health, Division of Biostatistics, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Robert M Clancy
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gregg J Silverman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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Fiskesund R, Su J, Bulatovic I, Vikström M, de Faire U, Frostegård J. IgM phosphorylcholine antibodies inhibit cell death and constitute a strong protection marker for atherosclerosis development, particularly in combination with other auto-antibodies against modified LDL. Results Immunol 2012; 2:13-8. [PMID: 24371562 DOI: 10.1016/j.rinim.2012.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2011] [Revised: 01/03/2012] [Accepted: 01/03/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have reported that anti-phosphorylcholine (anti-PC) IgM is a protection marker for human cardiovascular disease (CVD) and atherosclerosis. We here investigate the anti-PC autoantibodies in a well-defined cohort with regard to idiotype, atherosclerosis progression and mechanisms for its protective action. METHODS Serum levels and binding specificities of different anti-PC isotypes were determined in 226 hypertensive individuals enrolled in European Lacidipine Study on Atherosclerosis using ELISA. The mean of the maximum Intima-Media Thicknesses (IMT) in the far walls of common carotids and bifurcations was assessed at the time of inclusion, and four years afterwards. Apoptosis in immune cells was induced with lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) and quantified using the MTT-assay. RESULTS Anti-PC IgM, IgA and IgG1 (but not IgG2) was negatively associated with IMT-progression. Combining anti-PC IgM with data on antibodies against oxidized- and malondialdehyde-modified LDL further strengthened this association. At very high levels, anti-PC IgM exhibited a striking negative association with atherosclerosis progression (OR 0.05; CI 0.006-0.40). Analysis of serum samples taken four years apart in study participants affirmed the stability of anti-PC IgM titers over time. Examination of fine specificities revealed that the protective isotypes (IgM, IgA and IgG1) are of the Group I idiotype whereas the non-protective IgG2 subclass was Group II. Anti-PC IgM inhibited LPC-induced cell death of immune cells. CONCLUSION Group I anti-PC antibodies, particularly of the IgM class, are independent protection markers for atherosclerosis progression. One potential mechanism of action is inhibition of LPC-induced cell cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Fiskesund
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Unit of Immunology and Chronic Disease, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jun Su
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Unit of Immunology and Chronic Disease, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ivana Bulatovic
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Max Vikström
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ulf de Faire
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden ; Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
| | - Johan Frostegård
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Unit of Immunology and Chronic Disease, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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