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Mishra M, Chen PH, Lin GY, Nguyen TTN, Le TC, Dejchanchaiwong R, Tekasakul P, Shih SH, Jhang CW, Tsai CJ. Photochemical oxidation of VOCs and their source impact assessment on ozone under de-weather conditions in Western Taiwan. Environ Pollut 2024; 346:123662. [PMID: 38417604 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
The application of statistical models has excellent potential to provide crucial information for mitigating the challenging issue of ozone (O3) pollution by capturing its associations with explanatory variables, including reactive precursors (VOCs and NOX) and meteorology. Considering the large contribution of O3 in degrading the air quality of western Taiwan, three-year (2019-2021) hourly concentration data of VOC, NOX and O3 from 4 monitoring stations of western Taiwan: Tucheng (TC), Zhongming (ZM), Taixi (TX) and Xiaogang (XG), was evaluated to identify the effect of anthropogenic emissions on O3 formation. Owing to the high-ambient reactivity of VOCs on the underestimation of sources, photochemical oxidation was assessed to calculate the consumed VOC (VOCcons) which was followed by the source identification of their initial concentrations. VOCcons was observed to be highest in the summer season (16.7 and 22.7 ppbC) at north (TC and ZM) and in the autumn season (17.8 and 11.4 ppbC) in southward-located stations (TX and XG, respectively). Results showed that VOCs from solvents (25-27%) were the major source at northward stations whereas VOCs-industrial emissions (30%) dominated in south. Furthermore, machine learning (ML): eXtreme Gradient Boost (XGBoost) model based de-weather analysis identified that meteorological factors favor to reduce ambient O3 levels at TC, ZM and XG stations (-67%, -47% and -21%, respectively) but they have a major role in accumulating the O3 (+38%) at the TX station which is primarily transported from the upwind region of south-central Taiwan. Crucial insights using ML outputs showed that the finding of the study can be utilized for region-specific data-driven control of emission from VOCs-sources and prioritized to limit the O3-pollution at the study location-ns as well as their accumulation in distant regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Mishra
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Pin-Hsin Chen
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Guan-Yu Lin
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tunghai University, Taichung 407302, Taiwan
| | - Thi-Thuy-Nghiem Nguyen
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Thi-Cuc Le
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Racha Dejchanchaiwong
- Air Pollution and Health Effect Research Center, and Department of Chemical Engineering, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90100, Thailand
| | - Perapong Tekasakul
- Air Pollution and Health Effect Research Center, and Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90100, Thailand
| | - Shih-Heng Shih
- Wisdom Environmental Technical Service and Consultant Company, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | | | - Chuen-Jinn Tsai
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan.
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Liang Z, Zhou L, Li X, Cuevas RAI, Tang R, Li M, Cheng C, Chu Y, Lee PKH, Lai ACK, Chan CK. Secondary aerosol formation in incense burning particles by O 3 and OH oxidation via single particle mixing state analysis. Sci Total Environ 2023:164942. [PMID: 37329918 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Incense burning is a common religious activity that emits abundant gaseous and particulate pollutants into the atmosphere. During their atmospheric lifetime, these gases and particles are subjected to oxidation, leading to the formation of secondary pollutants. We examined the oxidation of incense burning plumes under O3 exposure and dark condition using an oxidation flow reactor connected to a single particle aerosol mass spectrometer (SPAMS). Nitrate formation was observed in incense burning particles, mainly attributable to the ozonolysis of nitrogen-containing organic compounds. With UV on, nitrate formation was significantly enhanced, likely due to HNO3/HNO2/NOx uptake triggered by OH chemistry, which is more effective than ozone oxidation. The extent of nitrate formation is insensitive to O3 and OH exposure, possibly due to the diffusion limitation on interfacial uptake. The O3-UV-aged particles are more oxygenated and functionalized than O3-Dark-aged particles. Oxalate and malonate, two typical secondary organic aerosol (SOA) components, were found in O3-UV-aged particles. Our work reveals that nitrate, accompanied by SOA, can rapidly form in incense-burning particles upon photochemical oxidation in the atmosphere, which could deepen our understanding of air pollution caused by religious activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhancong Liang
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Liyuan Zhou
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xinyue Li
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Rosemarie Ann Infante Cuevas
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Rongzhi Tang
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Mei Li
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for On-line Source Apportionment System of Air Pollution, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Chunlei Cheng
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for On-line Source Apportionment System of Air Pollution, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yangxi Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Patrick K H Lee
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Alvin C K Lai
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chak K Chan
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China; Low-Carbon and Climate Impact Research Centre, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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Wei J, Huang XF, Peng Y, Lin XY, Lei ZH, Cao LM, Zhu WF, Guo S, He LY. Evolution characteristic of atmospheric black carbon particles at a coastal site in the Pearl River Delta, China. Environ Pollut 2023; 324:121380. [PMID: 36863439 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The mixing of black carbon (BC) with secondary materials is a major uncertainty source in assessing its radiative forcing. However, current understanding of the formation and evolution of various BC components is limited, particularly in the Pearl River Delta, China. This study measured submicron BC-associated nonrefractory materials and the total submicron nonrefractory materials using a soot particle aerosol mass spectrometer and a high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer, respectively, at a coastal site in Shenzhen, China. Two distinct atmospheric conditions were also identified to further explore the distinctive evolution of BC-associated components: polluted period (PP) and clean period (CP). Comparing the components of two particles, we found that more-oxidized organic factor (MO-OOA) prefers to form on BC during PP rather CP. The formation of MO-OOA on BC (MO-OOABC) was affected by both enhanced photochemical processes and nocturnal heterogeneous processes. Enhanced photo-reactivity of BC, photochemistry during the daytime, and heterogeneous reaction at nighttime were potential pathways for MO-OOABC formation during PP. The fresh BC surface was favorable for the formation of MO-OOABC. Our study shows the evolution of BC-associated components under different atmospheric conditions, which should be considered in regional climate models to improve the assessment of the climate effects of BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wei
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Observation Supersite, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Huang
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Observation Supersite, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Yan Peng
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Observation Supersite, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Lin
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Observation Supersite, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Zhen-Hua Lei
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Observation Supersite, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Li-Ming Cao
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Observation Supersite, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Wen-Fei Zhu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, Ministry of Education (IJRC), College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Song Guo
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, Ministry of Education (IJRC), College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Ling-Yan He
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Observation Supersite, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China
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Li C, Misovich MV, Pardo M, Fang Z, Laskin A, Chen J, Rudich Y. Secondary organic aerosol formation from atmospheric reactions of anisole and associated health effects. Chemosphere 2022; 308:136421. [PMID: 36108757 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Anisole (methoxybenzene) represents an important marker compound of lignin pyrolysis and a starting material for many chemical products. In this study, secondary organic aerosols (SOA) formed by anisole via various atmospheric processes, including homogeneous photooxidation with varying levels of OH• and NOx and subsequent heterogeneous NO3• dark reactions, were investigated. The yields of anisole SOA, particle-bound organoperoxides, particle-induced oxidative potential (OP), and cytotoxicity were characterized in view of the atmospheric fate of the anisole precursor. Anisole SOA yields ranged between 0.12 and 0.35, depending on the reaction pathways and aging degrees. Chemical analysis of the SOA suggests that cleavage of the benzene ring is the main reaction channel in the photooxidation of anisole to produce low-volatility, highly oxygenated small molecules. Fresh anisole SOA from OH• photooxidation are more light-absorbing and have higher OP and organoperoxide content. The high correlation between SOA OP and organoperoxide content decreases exponentially with the degree of OH• aging. However, the contribution of organoperoxides to OP is minor (<4%), suggesting that other, non-peroxide oxidizers play a central role in anisole SOA OP. The particle-induced OP and particulate organoperoxides yield both reach a maximum value after ∼2 days' of photooxidation, implicating the potential long impact of anisole during atmospheric transport. NOx-involved photooxidation and nighttime NO3• reactions facilitate organic nitrate formation and enhance particle light absorption. High NOx levels suppress anisole SOA formation and organoperoxides yield in photooxidation, with decreased aerosol OP and cellular oxidative stress. In contrast, nighttime aging significantly increases the SOA toxicity and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in lung cells. These dynamic properties and the toxicity of anisole SOA advocate consideration of the complicated and consecutive aging processes in depicting the fate of VOCs and assessing the related effects in the atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlin Li
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel.
| | - Maria V Misovich
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, United States
| | - Michal Pardo
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Zheng Fang
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Alexander Laskin
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, United States
| | - Jianmin Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Yinon Rudich
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel.
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Yao D, Guo H, Lyu X, Lu H, Huo Y. Secondary organic aerosol formation at an urban background site on the coastline of South China: Precursors and aging processes. Environ Pollut 2022; 309:119778. [PMID: 35841994 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the formation mechanisms of secondary organic aerosols (SOA) is an arduous task in atmospheric chemistry. In November 2018, a sampling campaign was conducted at an urban background site in Hong Kong for characterization of secondary air pollution. A high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer was used to monitor the compositions of non-refractory submicron particulate matters (NR-PM1), and multiple online instruments provided us with comprehensive auxiliary data. Organic aerosol (OA) constituted the largest fraction (43.8%) of NR-PM1, and 86.5% of the organics was contributed by the oxygenated OA (OOA, secondary components). Formation mechanisms of a dominant and more variable component of the less-oxidized OOA (labelled as LO-OOA1 in this study) and the more-oxidized OOA (MO-OOA) were explored. Based on the multilinear regression with molecular markers of OA (e.g., hydroxybenzonic acids and 2,3-dihydroxy-4-oxopentanoic acid), we presumed that anthropogenic organic compounds, especially aromatics, were the most likely precursors of LO-OOA1. MO-OOA correlated well with odd oxygen (Ox), and its concentration responded positively to the increase of liquid water content (LWC) in NR-PM1, indicating that the formation of MO-OOA involved photochemical oxidation and aqueous processes. It exhibited the best correlation with malic acid which can be formed through the oxidation of various precursors. Moreover, it was plausible that LO-OOA1 was further oxidized to MO-OOA through aqueous processes, as indicated by the consistent diurnal variations of MO-OOA to LO-OOA1 ratio and LWC. This study highlights the important roles of anthropogenic emissions and aqueous processes in SOA formation in coastal areas downwind of cities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawen Yao
- Air Quality Studies, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hai Guo
- Air Quality Studies, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Xiaopu Lyu
- Air Quality Studies, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Haoxian Lu
- Air Quality Studies, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yunxi Huo
- Air Quality Studies, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
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Hong J, Liu L, Zhang Z, Xia X, Yang L, Ning Z, Liu C, Qiu G. Sulfate-accelerated photochemical oxidation of arsenopyrite in acidic systems under oxic conditions: Formation and function of schwertmannite. J Hazard Mater 2022; 433:128716. [PMID: 35358816 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The weathering of arsenopyrite is closely related to the generation of acid mine drainage (AMD) and arsenic (As) pollution. Solar radiation can accelerate arsenopyrite oxidation, but little is known about the further effect of SO42- on the photochemical process. Here, the photooxidation of arsenopyrite was investigated in the presence of SO42- in simulated AMD environments, and the effects of SO42- concentration, pH and dissolved oxygen on arsenopyrite oxidation were studied as well. SO42- could accelerate the photooxidation of arsenopyrite and As(III) through complexation between nascent schwertmannite and As(III). Fe(II) released from arsenopyrite was oxidized to form schwertmannite in the presence of SO42-, and the photooxidation of arsenopyrite occurred through the ligand-to-metal charge-transfer process in schwertmannite-As(III) complex along with the formation of reactive oxygen species in the presence of O2. The photooxidation rate of arsenopyrite first rose and then fell with increasing SO42- concentration. In the pH range of 2.0-4.0, the photooxidation rate of arsenopyrite progressively increased in the presence of SO42-. This study reveals how SO42- promotes the photooxidation of arsenopyrite and As release in the AMD environment, and improves the understanding of the transformation and migration of As in mining areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Hong
- Key Laboratory of Fertilization from Agricultural Wastes, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Plant Protection and Soil Fertilizer, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430070, Hubei Province, China; College of Resources and Environment, Interdisciplinary Sciences Institute, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei Province, China
| | - Lihu Liu
- College of Resources and Environment, Interdisciplinary Sciences Institute, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei Province, China
| | - Ziwei Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, Interdisciplinary Sciences Institute, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xiange Xia
- Key Laboratory of Fertilization from Agricultural Wastes, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Plant Protection and Soil Fertilizer, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430070, Hubei Province, China.
| | - Li Yang
- Key Laboratory of Fertilization from Agricultural Wastes, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Plant Protection and Soil Fertilizer, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430070, Hubei Province, China
| | - Zengping Ning
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Chengshuai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Guohong Qiu
- College of Resources and Environment, Interdisciplinary Sciences Institute, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei Province, China.
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Sbai SE, Bentayeb F, Yin H. Atmospheric pollutants response to the emission reduction and meteorology during the COVID-19 lockdown in the north of Africa (Morocco). Stoch Environ Res Risk Assess 2022; 36:3769-3784. [PMID: 35498271 PMCID: PMC9033931 DOI: 10.1007/s00477-022-02224-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Climate and air quality change due to COVID-19 lockdown (LCD) are extremely concerned subjects of several research recently. The contribution of meteorological factors and emission reduction to air pollution change over the north of Morocco has been investigated in this study using the framework generalized additive models, that have been proved to be a robust technique for the environmental data sets, focusing on main atmospheric pollutants in the region including ozone (O3), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10), secondary inorganic aerosols (SIA), nom-methane volatile organic compounds and carbon monoxide (CO) from the regional air pollution dataset of the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service. Our results, indicate that secondary air pollutants (PM2.5, PM10 and O3) are more influenced by metrological factors and the other air pollutants reported by this study (NO2 and SO2). We show a negative effect for PBHL, total precipitation and NW10M on PM (PM2.5 and PM10 ), this meteorological parameters contribute to decrease in PM2.5 by 9, 2 and 9% respectively, before LCD and 8, 1 and 5% respectively during LCD. However, a positive marginal effect was found for SAT, Irradiance and RH that contribute to increase PM2.5 by 9, 12 and 18% respectively, before LCD and 17, 54 and 34% respectively during LCD. We found also that meteorological factors contribute to O3, PM2.5, PM10 and SIA average mass concentration by 22, 5, 3 and 34% before LCD and by 28, 19, 5 and 42% during LCD respectively. The increase in meteorological factors marginal effect during LCD shows the contribution of photochemical oxidation to air pollution due to increase in atmospheric oxidant (O3 and OH radical) during LCD, which can explain the response of PM to emission reduction. This study indicates that PM (PM2.5, PM10) has more controlled by SO2 due to the formation of sulfate particles especially under high oxidants level. The positive correlation between westward wind at 10 m (WW10M), Northward Wind at 10 m (NW10M) and PM indicates the implication of sea salt particles transported from Mediterranean Sea and Atlantic Ocean. The Ozone mass concentration shows a positive trend with Irradiance, Total and SAT during LCD; because temperature and irradiance enhance tropospheric ozone formation via photochemical reaction.This study shows the contribution of atmospheric oxidation capacity to air pollution change. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00477-022-02224-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salah Eddine Sbai
- Department of Physics, Laboratoires de Physique des Hauts Energies Modélisation et Simulation, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Farida Bentayeb
- Department of Physics, Laboratoires de Physique des Hauts Energies Modélisation et Simulation, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Hao Yin
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031 China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026 China
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Chen J, Li J, Chen X, Gu J, An T. The underappreciated role of monocarbonyl-dicarbonyl interconversion in secondary organic aerosol formation during photochemical oxidation of m-xylene. Sci Total Environ 2022; 814:152575. [PMID: 34963606 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Photochemical oxidation (including photolysis and OH-initiated reactions) of aromatic hydrocarbon produces carbonyls, which are involved in the formation of secondary organic aerosols (SOA). However, the mechanism of this process remains incompletely understood. Herein, the monocarbonyl-dicarbonyl interconversion and its role in SOA production were investigated via a series of photochemical oxidation experiments for m-xylene and representative carbonyls. The results showed that SOA mass concentration peaked at 113.5 ± 3.5 μg m-3 after m-xylene oxidation for 60 min and then decreased. Change in the main oxidation products from dicarbonyl (e.g., glyoxal, methylglyoxal) to monocarbonyl (e.g., formaldehyde) was responsible for this decrease. The photolysis of methylglyoxal or glyoxal produced formaldehyde, favoring SOA formation, while photopolymerization of formaldehyde to glyoxal decreased SOA production. The presence of ·OH altered the balance of photolysis interconversion, resulting in greater production of formaldehyde and SOA from glyoxal than methylglyoxal. Both photolysis and OH-initiated transformations of glyoxal to formaldehyde were suppressed by methylglyoxal, while glyoxal accelerated the reaction of ·OH with methylglyoxal to generate products which reversibly converted to glyoxal and methylglyoxal. These interconversion reactions reduced SOA production. The present study provides a new research perspective for the contribution mechanism of carbonyls in SOA formation and the findings are also helpful to efficiently evaluate the atmospheric fate of aromatic hydrocarbons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangyao Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong Technology Research Center for Photocatalytic Technology Integration and Equipment Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Jiani Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong Technology Research Center for Photocatalytic Technology Integration and Equipment Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiaoyan Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong Technology Research Center for Photocatalytic Technology Integration and Equipment Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jianwei Gu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong Technology Research Center for Photocatalytic Technology Integration and Equipment Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Taicheng An
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong Technology Research Center for Photocatalytic Technology Integration and Equipment Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
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Liu J, Zhou S, Zhang Z, Kawamura K, Zhao W, Wang X, Shao M, Jiang F, Liu J, Sun X, Hang J, Zhao J, Pei C, Zhang J, Fu P. Characterization of dicarboxylic acids, oxoacids, and α-dicarbonyls in PM 2.5 within the urban boundary layer in southern China: Sources and formation pathways. Environ Pollut 2021; 285:117185. [PMID: 33957507 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Low-molecular-weight dicarboxylic acids, which are important components of secondary organic aerosols, have been extensively studied in recent years. Many studies have focused on ground-level observations and literature reports on the vertical distribution of the organic aerosols within the urban boundary layer are limited. In this study, the vertical profiles of dicarboxylic acids and related organic compounds (DCRCs) in PM2.5 were investigated at altitudinal levels (ground level and 488 m above the ground level) at the Canton Tower in Guangzhou, southern China, to elucidate their primary sources and secondary formation processes. The concentrations of DCRCs at ground level were generally higher than those at 488 m. Oxalic acid (C2) was the most abundant species, followed by succinic acid (C4) and malonic acid (C3) at both heights. The higher ratio of DCRCs-bound carbon to organic carbon (i.e., DCRCs-C/OC) at 488 m (4.8 ± 1.2%) relative to that at ground level (2.7 ± 0.5%) indicated a higher degree of aerosol aging at 488 m. The abundance of C2 was increased and the conversion of C4 to C3 was enhanced due to the photochemical oxidation of its homologues during long-range transport periods. The increase in C2 was associated with in-cloud processes during pollution periods. Principal component analysis showed that DCRCs were mainly derived from atmospheric secondary processing and biomass burning was also an important source of long-chain carboxylic acids during autumn in Guangzhou. Our results illustrate that secondary processing and biomass burning play prominent roles in controlling the abundance of DCRCs. Furthermore, DCRCs are affected by air masses from regional areas, oxidation of their precursors via vertical transport and in-cloud processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianing Liu
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, PR China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou, 511443, PR China
| | - Shengzhen Zhou
- School of Atmospheric Sciences and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Climate Change and Natural Disaster Studies, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Field Observation and Research Station for Climate Environment and Air Quality Change in the Pearl River Estuary, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519082, PR China.
| | - Zhimin Zhang
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China
| | - Kimitaka Kawamura
- Chubu Institute for Advanced Studies, Chubu University, Kasugai, 487-8501, Japan
| | - Wanyu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, PR China
| | - Xuemei Wang
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, PR China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou, 511443, PR China
| | - Min Shao
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, PR China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou, 511443, PR China
| | - Fan Jiang
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, PR China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou, 511443, PR China
| | - Junwen Liu
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, PR China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou, 511443, PR China
| | - Xi Sun
- School of Atmospheric Sciences and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Climate Change and Natural Disaster Studies, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Field Observation and Research Station for Climate Environment and Air Quality Change in the Pearl River Estuary, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519082, PR China
| | - Jian Hang
- School of Atmospheric Sciences and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Climate Change and Natural Disaster Studies, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Field Observation and Research Station for Climate Environment and Air Quality Change in the Pearl River Estuary, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519082, PR China
| | - Jun Zhao
- School of Atmospheric Sciences and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Climate Change and Natural Disaster Studies, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Field Observation and Research Station for Climate Environment and Air Quality Change in the Pearl River Estuary, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519082, PR China
| | - Chenglei Pei
- Guangzhou Environmental Monitoring Center, Guangzhou, 510030, PR China
| | - Jingpu Zhang
- Guangzhou Environmental Monitoring Center, Guangzhou, 510030, PR China
| | - Pingqing Fu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China
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10
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Ji Y, Chen X, Xiao Y, Ji Y, Zhang W, Wang J, Chen J, Li G, An T. Assessing the role of mineral particles in the atmospheric photooxidation of typical carbonyl compound. J Environ Sci (China) 2021; 105:56-63. [PMID: 34130839 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2020.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Mineral particles are ubiquitous in the atmosphere and exhibit an important effect on the photooxidation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). However, the role of mineral particles in the photochemical oxidation mechanism of VOCs remains unclear. Hence, the photooxidation reactions of acrolein (ARL) with OH radical (OH) in the presence and absence of SiO2 were investigated by theoretical approach. The gas-phase reaction without SiO2 has two distinct pathways (H-abstraction and OH-addition pathways), and carbonyl-H-abstraction is the dominant pathway. In the presence of SiO2, the reaction mechanism is changed, i.e., the dominant pathway from carbonyl-H-abstraction to OH-addition to carbonyl C-atom. The energy barrier of OH-addition to carbonyl C-atom deceases 21.33 kcal/mol when SiO2 is added. Carbonyl H-atom of ARL is occupied by SiO2 via hydrogen bond, and carbonyl C-atom is activated by SiO2. Hence, the main product changes from H-abstraction product to OH-adduct in the presence of SiO2. The OH-adduct exhibits a thermodynamic feasibility to yield HO2 radical and carboxylic acid via the subsequent reactions with O2, with implications for O3 formation and surface acidity of mineral particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongpeng Ji
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution control, Key Laboratory of City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green development, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xingyu Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution control, Key Laboratory of City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green development, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yuqi Xiao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution control, Key Laboratory of City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green development, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yuemeng Ji
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution control, Key Laboratory of City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green development, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Weina Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution control, Key Laboratory of City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green development, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jiaxin Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution control, Key Laboratory of City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green development, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jiangyao Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution control, Key Laboratory of City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green development, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Guiying Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution control, Key Laboratory of City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green development, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Taicheng An
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution control, Key Laboratory of City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green development, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
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11
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Duan J, Huang RJ, Gu Y, Lin C, Zhong H, Wang Y, Yuan W, Ni H, Yang L, Chen Y, Worsnop DR, O'Dowd C. The formation and evolution of secondary organic aerosol during summer in Xi'an: Aqueous phase processing in fog-rain days. Sci Total Environ 2021; 756:144077. [PMID: 33280860 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) is an important contributor to organic aerosol (OA), however, the model simulations of SOA concentrations and oxidation states remain significant uncertainties because of inadequate cognition of its formation and aging chemistry. In this study, SOA formation and evolution processes during summer in Xi'an were investigated, based on high-resolution online measurements of non-refractory PM2.5 (NR-PM2.5) species and OA source apportionment using positive matrix factorization. The results showed that the total SOA, including less oxidized-oxygenated OA (LO-OOA), more oxidized-oxygenated OA (MO-OOA), and aqueous-phase-processed oxygenated OA (aq-OOA), on average constituted 69% of OA, and 43% of NR-PM2.5, suggesting the high atmospheric oxidation capacity and the dominance of SOA during summer in Xi'an. Photochemical oxidation processes dominated the summertime SOA formation both during non-fog-rain days and fog-rain days, which were responsible for the formation of both LO-OOA and MO-OOA. Consistently, LO-OOA and MO-OOA in total contributed 59% to OA during non-fog-rain days and 56% to OA during fog-rain days, respectively. On the contrary, aq-OOA was mainly observed during fog-rain days, which increased dramatically from 2% of OA during non-fog-rain days to 19% of OA during fog-rain days with the mass concentration increasing accordingly from 0.3 μg m-3 to 2.5 μg m-3. Episodic analyses further highlighted the persistently high RH period with high aerosol liquid water content (ALWC) was the driving factor of aq-OOA formation, and high Ox condition could further enhance its formation. Meanwhile, air masses from east and southeast were much favorable for the formation of long-time fog-rain days, which facilitated aq-OOA production during summer in Xi'an.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry & Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Ru-Jin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry & Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China; Institute of Global Environmental Change, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
| | - Yifang Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry & Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chunshui Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry & Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Haobin Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry & Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry & Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Wei Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry & Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Haiyan Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry & Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Lu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry & Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Yang Chen
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China
| | | | - Colin O'Dowd
- School of Physics and Centre for Climate and Air Pollution Studies, Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, Galway H91CF50, Ireland
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12
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Singh GK, Choudhary V, Rajeev P, Paul D, Gupta T. Understanding the origin of carbonaceous aerosols during periods of extensive biomass burning in northern India. Environ Pollut 2021; 270:116082. [PMID: 33272802 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.116082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Post-harvest crop residue burning is extensively practiced in North India, which results in enhanced particulate matter (PM) concentrations. This study explores the PM2.5 (particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter ≤ 2.5 μm) emissions during various time periods (pre-monsoon, monsoon, and post-monsoon) over the biomass burning source region in Beas, Punjab. The PM2.5 concentrations during the pre-monsoon period (106-458 μg m-3) and the post-monsoon period (184-342 μg m-3) were similar but much higher than concentrations during the monsoon season (23-95 μg m-3) due to enhanced wet deposition. However, the carbonaceous aerosol fraction in PM2.5 was nearly double in the post-monsoon season (∼27%) than the pre-monsoon period (∼15%). A higher contribution of secondary organic carbon (SOC) observed during the pre-monsoon season can be attributed to enhanced photochemical activity in dry conditions. Stable carbon isotope ratio (δ13C value) of ambient PM allowed elucidation of contributing sources. δ13CTC correlation with SOC during post-monsoon and pre-monsoon periods suggests significant influence of secondary formation processes during both time periods. The concentrations of carbon fractions in sampled sources and aerosols suggests contribution of biofuels, resulting in enhanced PM concentration at this location. δ13CTC values of pre- and post-monsoon samples show dominance of freshly emitted aerosols from local sources. Impact of biomass and biofuel combustion was also confirmed by biomass burning K+BB tracer, indicating that major agriculture residue burning occurred primarily during nighttime. C3 plant derived aerosols dominated at the sampling location during the entire sampling duration and contributed significantly during the pre-monsoon season. Whereas, both fossil fuel and C3 plant combustion contributed to the total mass of carbonaceous aerosols during the post-monsoon and monsoon seasons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyanesh Kumar Singh
- Department of Civil Engineering and APTL at Center for Environmental Science and Engineering (CESE), Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, 208 016, India.
| | - Vikram Choudhary
- Department of Civil Engineering and APTL at Center for Environmental Science and Engineering (CESE), Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, 208 016, India
| | - Pradhi Rajeev
- Department of Civil Engineering and APTL at Center for Environmental Science and Engineering (CESE), Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, 208 016, India
| | - Debajyoti Paul
- Department of Earth Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, 208 016, India
| | - Tarun Gupta
- Department of Civil Engineering and APTL at Center for Environmental Science and Engineering (CESE), Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, 208 016, India
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13
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Huang X, Peng Y, Xu J, Wu F, Mailhot G. Iron(III)-induced photooxidation of arsenite in the presence of carboxylic acids and phenols as model compounds of natural organic matter. Chemosphere 2021; 263:128142. [PMID: 33297130 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Iron species have essential influence on the environmental/geochemical behaviors of arsenic species in water and soil. Colloidal ferric hydroxide (CFH) induces photooxidation of arsenite (As(III)) to arsenate (As(V)) in water at neutral pH through surface complexation and ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT). However, the effect of the co-existing natural organic matter (NOM) on the complexation-photolysis in this process has remained unclear. In the present work, the photooxidation of As(III) induced by CFH was investigated in the presence of various carboxylic acids and polyphenols as simple model compounds of NOM. Two different light sources of ultraviolet A (UVA) (λmax = 365 nm) and ultraviolet B (UVB) (λmax = 313 nm) were used for photooxidation treatment of the experimental ternary system and the control binary system respectively. The obtained results demonstrated that all investigated NOM inhibited the photooxidation of As(III) in the As(III)/CFH system at pH 7. Moreover, the correlation analysis between the pseudo-first order rate constant kobs and various property parameters of NOM showed that the stable constant for the complexation between Fe(III) and NOM (logKFe-NOM) as well as the molecular weight of NOM and the percentages of total acidity of NOM exhibited significant correlations. A simple quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) model was established between kobs and these three parameters utilizing a multiple linear regression method, which can be employed to estimate the photooxidation efficiency of As(III) in the presence of ferric iron and NOM. Thus, the present work contributes to the understanding of the environmental interactions between NOM and iron.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyun Huang
- School of Resources and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, PR China
| | - Ying Peng
- School of Resources and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, PR China; Hubei Academy of Environmental Science, Wuhan, 430072, PR China
| | - Jing Xu
- School of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, PR China.
| | - Feng Wu
- School of Resources and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, PR China
| | - Gilles Mailhot
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
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14
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Zhang T, Liu L, Tan W, Suib SL, Qiu G. Formation and transformation of manganese(III) intermediates in the photochemical generation of manganese(IV) oxide minerals. Chemosphere 2021; 262:128082. [PMID: 33182100 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
As important natural oxidants and adsorbents, manganese (Mn) oxide minerals affect the speciation, bioavailability and fate of pollutants and nutrient elements. It was found that birnessite-type Mn(IV) oxide minerals can be formed in the presence of NO3- and solar irradiation. However, the photochemical formation and transformation processes from Mn2+ to Mn(IV) oxide minerals remain unclear. In this work, the Mn(IV) oxide minerals were confirmed to be photochemically formed mainly due to the disproportionation of Mn(III) intermediates generated from the oxidation of Mn2+ in the presence of NO3- under UV light irradiation. The oxidation rate of Mn2+ to Mn(IV) oxide minerals decreased with increasing initial Mn2+ concentration due to the lower disproportionation rate. The increase in NO3- concentration, pH and temperature promoted Mn2+ photochemical oxidation. The photochemical formation rate of Mn(IV) oxide minerals increased with increasing ligand concentrations at low ligand concentrations. Ligands affected the formation of Mn(IV) oxide minerals by promoting the formation and reducing the reactivity of Mn(III) intermediates. Overall, this work reveals the important role of Mn(III) intermediates in the formation of natural Mn oxide minerals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengfei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hubei Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, China
| | - Lihu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hubei Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, China
| | - Wenfeng Tan
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hubei Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, China
| | - Steven L Suib
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, 55 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, Connecticut, 06269-3060, USA
| | - Guohong Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hubei Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, China.
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15
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Zhang G, Li W, Chen S, Zhou W, Chen J. Problems of conventional disinfection and new sterilization methods for antibiotic resistance control. Chemosphere 2020; 254:126831. [PMID: 32957272 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The problem of bacterial antibiotic resistance has attracted considerable research attention, and the effects of water treatment on antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) are being increasingly investigated. As an indispensable part of the water treatment process, disinfection plays an important role in controlling antibiotic resistance. At present, there were many studies on the effects of conventional and new sterilization methods on ARB and ARGs. However, there is a lack of literature relating to the limitations of conventional methods and analysis of new techniques. Therefore, this review focuses on analyzing the deficiencies of conventional disinfection and the development of new methods for antibiotic resistance control to guide future research. Firstly, we analyzed the effects and drawbacks of conventional disinfection methods, such as chlorine (Cl), ultraviolet (UV) and ozone on antibiotic resistance control. Secondly, we discuss the research progress and shortcomings of new sterilization methods in antibiotic resistance. Finally, we propose suggestions for future research directions. There is an urgent need for new effective and low-cost sterilization methods. Disinfection via UV and chlorine in combination, UV/chlorine showed greater potential for controlling ARGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guosheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 200092, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 200092, Shanghai, China.
| | - Sheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 200092, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 200092, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 200092, Shanghai, China
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16
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Reyes J, Gutiérrez MC, Toledo M, Vera L, Sánchez L, Siles JA, Martín MA. Environmental performance of an industrial biofilter: Relationship between photochemical oxidation and odorous impacts. Environ Res 2020; 183:109168. [PMID: 32004831 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Biological techniques are widely used to treat gaseous streams derived from waste treatment plants. The generation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) is one of the principal pollution sources in composting facilities from which nuisance odours are released. In addition, the generation of photochemical smog with other gases such as NOX can produce ozone at ground level due to their photochemical ozone creation potential (POCP). In this work, the performance of an industrial biofilter was evaluated from an environmental point of view. Specifically, this study evaluated the potential impact in terms of photochemical oxidation and odour emission derived from composting in a vessel under four different aeration conditions. Gas chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOFMS) was used to perform the chemical characterisation of the gaseous streams, while dynamic olfactometry was used to carry out the sensorial analysis. A total of 95 compounds belonging to 12 different families of VOCs were selected. Principal component analysis revealed the influence of each VOC family on each impact category and explained 88% of the total variance. Multivariate regression was used to study the correlation between photochemical oxidation and odour impact, which has never been reported before. The correlations obtained (r ≥ 0.97) evidenced the direct relationship between these two impacts. Photochemical oxidation and odour emission were proven to be important environmental impacts derived from composting facilities, whose abatement might be carried out by biofiltration systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Reyes
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Area of Chemical Engineering, University of Cordoba, Campus Universitario de Rabanales, Carretera N-IV, km 396, Edificio Marie Curie (C-3), 14071, Córdoba, Spain
| | - M C Gutiérrez
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Area of Chemical Engineering, University of Cordoba, Campus Universitario de Rabanales, Carretera N-IV, km 396, Edificio Marie Curie (C-3), 14071, Córdoba, Spain
| | - M Toledo
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Area of Chemical Engineering, University of Cordoba, Campus Universitario de Rabanales, Carretera N-IV, km 396, Edificio Marie Curie (C-3), 14071, Córdoba, Spain
| | - L Vera
- Odournet SL, Av. Corts Catalanes, 5-7,·Nave 3, Parc Empresarial Trade Center, 08173, Sant Cugat del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - L Sánchez
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Area of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Cordoba, Campus Universitario de Rabanales, Carretera N-IV, km 396, Edificio Marie Curie (C-3), 14071, Córdoba, Spain
| | - J A Siles
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Area of Chemical Engineering, University of Cordoba, Campus Universitario de Rabanales, Carretera N-IV, km 396, Edificio Marie Curie (C-3), 14071, Córdoba, Spain
| | - M A Martín
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Area of Chemical Engineering, University of Cordoba, Campus Universitario de Rabanales, Carretera N-IV, km 396, Edificio Marie Curie (C-3), 14071, Córdoba, Spain.
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17
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Lawal RO, Donnarumma F, Murray KK. Electrospray Photochemical Oxidation of Proteins. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 2019; 30:2196-2199. [PMID: 31489562 PMCID: PMC6832858 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-019-02313-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Photooxidation of peptides and proteins by pulsed ultraviolet laser irradiation of an electrospray in the ion source of a mass spectrometer was demonstrated. A 193-nm excimer laser at 1.5-mJ pulse energy was focused with a cylindrical lens at the exit of a nanoelectrospray capillary and ions were sampled into a quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer. A solution containing a peptide or protein and hydrogen peroxide was infused into the spray at a flow rate of 1 μL/min using a syringe pump. The laser creates OH radicals directly in the spray which modify biomolecules within the spray droplet. These results indicate that photochemical oxidation of proteins can be initiated directly within electrospray droplets and detected by mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remilekun O Lawal
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | - Fabrizio Donnarumma
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | - Kermit K Murray
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA.
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18
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Yu Q, Chen J, Qin W, Cheng S, Zhang Y, Ahmad M, Ouyang W. Characteristics and secondary formation of water-soluble organic acids in PM 1, PM 2.5 and PM 10 in Beijing during haze episodes. Sci Total Environ 2019; 669:175-184. [PMID: 30878926 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.03.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Water-soluble organic acids are widely involved in various atmospheric physicochemical processes and appear as an important fraction of atmospheric aerosols. Nineteen water-soluble organic acids in 12-h PM1, PM2.5 and PM10 samples collected in urban Beijing during haze episodes in winter and spring of 2017 were identified to investigate their characteristics and secondary formation mechanism. The molecular distributions of water-soluble organic acids as well as the high ratio of phthalic acid (Ph)/azelaic acid (C9) indicated severe aromatic secondary organic aerosol pollution during the haze episodes, especially in winter. The diurnal patterns, size distributions, and concentration ratios of specific organic acids were investigated to reveal the pollution characteristics and possible sources of major organic acids in particulate matter in Beijing during haze events. Multiple linear regression was used to tentatively quantify the relative contributions of photochemical oxidation and aqueous-phase oxidation to the formation of total water-soluble organic acids in PM1, PM2.5 and PM10 during haze episodes. The formation mechanism of sulfate and nitrate was also investigated for comparison. Different from the secondary formation of sulfate, the secondary formation of water-soluble organic acids showed enhanced contribution of gas-phase photochemical oxidation though the aqueous-phase oxidation was the dominant process. CAPSULE: Molecular analyses of organic acids in PM1, PM2.5 and PM10 in Beijing during haze periods revealed their pollution characteristics, possible sources and formation mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Yu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Center of Atmospheric Environmental Studies, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Jing Chen
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Center of Atmospheric Environmental Studies, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing 210029, China.
| | - Weihua Qin
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Center of Atmospheric Environmental Studies, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Siming Cheng
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Center of Atmospheric Environmental Studies, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yuepeng Zhang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Center of Atmospheric Environmental Studies, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Mushtaq Ahmad
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Center of Atmospheric Environmental Studies, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Wei Ouyang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Center of Atmospheric Environmental Studies, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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19
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Ren Y, Wang G, Li J, Wu C, Cao C, Wang J, Zhang L, Meng F, Li H. Seasonal variation and size distribution of biogenic secondary organic aerosols at urban and continental background sites of China. J Environ Sci (China) 2018; 71:32-44. [PMID: 30195688 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2017.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Size-resolved biogenic secondary organic aerosols (BSOA) derived from isoprene and monoterpene photooxidation in Qinghai Lake, Tibetan Plateau (a continental background site) and five cities of China were measured using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Concentrations of the determined BSOA are higher in the cities than in the background and are also higher in summer than in winter. Moreover, strong positive correlations (R2=0.44-0.90) between BSOA and sulfate were found at the six sites, suggesting that anthropogenic pollution (i.e., sulfate) could enhance SOA formation, because sulfate provides a surface favorable for acid-catalyzed formation of BSOA. Size distribution measurements showed that most of the determined SOA tracers are enriched in the fine mode (<3.3μm) except for cis-pinic and cis-pinonic acids, both presented a comparable mass in the fine and coarse (>3.3μm) modes, respectively. Mass ratio of oxidation products derived from isoprene to those from monoterpene in the five urban regions during summer are much less than those in Qinghai Lake region. In addition, in the five urban regions relative abundances of monoterpene oxidation products to SOA are much higher than those of isoprene. Such phenomena suggest that BSOA derived from monoterpenes are more abundant than those from isoprene in Chinese urban areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqin Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
| | - Gehui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China; Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200041, China; Center of Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Jianjun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Can Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Cong Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiayuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fan Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Hong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
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20
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Ding W, Wang Y, Yu Y, Zhang X, Li J, Wu F. Photooxidation of arsenic(III) to arsenic(V) on the surface of kaolinite clay. J Environ Sci (China) 2015; 36:29-37. [PMID: 26456603 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2015.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Revised: 02/14/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
As one of the most toxic heavy metals, the oxidation of inorganic arsenic has drawn great attention among environmental scientists. However, little has been reported on the solar photochemical behavior of arsenic species on top-soil. In the present work, the influencing factors (pH, relative humidity (RH), humic acid (HA), trisodium citrate, and additional iron ions) and the contributions of reactive oxygen species (ROS, mainly HO and HO2/O2(-)) to photooxidation of As(III) to As(V) on kaolinite surfaces under UV irradiation (λ=365nm) were investigated. Results showed that lower pH facilitated photooxidation, and the photooxidation efficiency increased with the increase of RH and trisodium citrate. Promotion or inhibition of As(III) photooxidation by HA was observed at low or high dosages, respectively. Additional iron ions greatly promoted the photooxidation, but excessive amounts of Fe(2+) competed with As(III) for oxidation by ROS. Experiments on scavengers indicated that the HO radical was the predominant oxidant in this system. Experiments on actual soil surfaces proved the occurrence of As(III) photooxidation in real topsoil. This work demonstrates that the photooxidation process of As(III) on the soil surface should be taken into account when studying the fate of arsenic in natural soil newly polluted with acidic wastewater containing As(III).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ding
- Hubei Key Lab of Biomass Resource Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, School of Resources and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China.
| | - Yajie Wang
- Hubei Key Lab of Biomass Resource Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, School of Resources and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Yingtan Yu
- Hubei Key Lab of Biomass Resource Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, School of Resources and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Xiangzhi Zhang
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201204, China.
| | - Jinjun Li
- Hubei Key Lab of Biomass Resource Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, School of Resources and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Feng Wu
- Hubei Key Lab of Biomass Resource Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, School of Resources and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China.
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21
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Meng H, Zhu Y, Evans GJ, Jeong CH, Yao X. Roles of SO2 oxidation in new particle formation events. J Environ Sci (China) 2015; 30:90-101. [PMID: 25872713 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2014.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Revised: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The oxidation of SO2 is commonly regarded as a major driver for new particle formation (NPF) in the atmosphere. In this study, we explored the connection between measured mixing ratio of SO2 and observed long-term (duration>3 hr) and short-term (duration<1.5 hr) NPF events at a semi-urban site in Toronto. Apparent NPF rates (J30) showed a moderate correlation with the concentration of sulfuric acid ([H2SO4]) calculated from the measured mixing ratio of SO2 in long-term NPF events and some short-term NPF events (Category I) (R2=0.66). The exponent in the fitting line of J30~[H2SO4]n in these events was 1.6. It was also found that SO2 mixing ratios varied a lot during long-term NPF events, leading to a significant variation of new particle counts. In the SO2-unexplained short-term NPF events (Category II), analysis showed that new particles were formed aloft and then mixed down to the ground level. Further calculation results showed that sulfuric acid oxidized from SO2 probably made a negligible contribution to the growth of >10 nm new particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Meng
- Key Lab of Marine Environmental Science and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China.
| | - Yujiao Zhu
- Key Lab of Marine Environmental Science and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Greg J Evans
- Southern Ontario Centre for Atmospheric Aerosol Research, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 3E5, Canada
| | - Cheol-Heon Jeong
- Southern Ontario Centre for Atmospheric Aerosol Research, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 3E5, Canada
| | - Xiaohong Yao
- Key Lab of Marine Environmental Science and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; Southern Ontario Centre for Atmospheric Aerosol Research, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 3E5, Canada.
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22
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Zaviska F, Drogui P, El Hachemi EM, Naffrechoux E. Effect of nitrate ions on the efficiency of sonophotochemical phenol degradation. Ultrason Sonochem 2014; 21:69-75. [PMID: 23993458 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2013.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2013] [Revised: 05/08/2013] [Accepted: 08/05/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A sonophotochemical oxidation process has been used for the treatment of an aqueous solution of phenol. The aim of this work is to evaluate the effect of nitrate ions on hydroxyl radical production and on phenol oxidation. It has been demonstrated that ultrasound can produce NOx (nitrate and nitrite), with a production rate of 2.2 μM min(-1). The photolysis of nitrate can significantly improve the hydroxyl radical production. The apparent rate constant for hydroxyl radical production increased from 0.0015 min(-1) to 0.0073 min(-1) while increasing initial nitrate concentration from 0 to 0.5mM. The concentration of hydroxyl radical was directly proportional to the initial nitrate concentration. Using US/UV process, the apparent reaction rate constant of phenol degradation in the presence of nitrate reached 0.020 min(-1), which was relatively lower than the value obtained (0.027 min(-1)) in the absence of nitrate. It appeared that, nitrate ions can inhibit the sonochemical degradation of organic compounds such as phenol.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Zaviska
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS-Eau Terre et Environnement), Université du Québec, 490 rue de la Couronne, Québec, Qc G1K 9A9, Canada; Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire et Environnement, Université de Savoie, 73376 Le Bourget du Lac, France
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