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Niinemets Ü. Variation in leaf photosynthetic capacity within plant canopies: optimization, structural, and physiological constraints and inefficiencies. Photosynth Res 2023; 158:131-149. [PMID: 37615905 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-023-01043-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Leaf photosynthetic capacity (light-saturated net assimilation rate, AA) increases from bottom to top of plant canopies as the most prominent acclimation response to the conspicuous within-canopy gradients in light availability. Light-dependent variation in AA through plant canopies is associated with changes in key leaf structural (leaf dry mass per unit leaf area), chemical (nitrogen (N) content per area and dry mass, N partitioning between components of photosynthetic machinery), and physiological (stomatal and mesophyll conductance) traits, whereas the contribution of different traits to within-canopy AA gradients varies across sites, species, and plant functional types. Optimality models maximizing canopy carbon gain for a given total canopy N content predict that AA should be proportionally related to canopy light availability. However, comparison of model expectations with experimental data of within-canopy photosynthetic trait variations in representative plant functional types indicates that such proportionality is not observed in real canopies, and AA vs. canopy light relationships are curvilinear. The factors responsible for deviations from full optimality include stronger stomatal and mesophyll diffusion limitations at higher light, reflecting greater water limitations and more robust foliage in higher light. In addition, limits on efficient packing of photosynthetic machinery within leaf structural scaffolding, high costs of N redistribution among leaves, and limited plasticity of N partitioning among components of photosynthesis machinery constrain AA plasticity. Overall, this review highlights that the variation of AA through plant canopies reflects a complex interplay between adjustments of leaf structure and function to multiple environmental drivers, and that AA plasticity is limited by inherent constraints on and trade-offs between structural, chemical, and physiological traits. I conclude that models trying to simulate photosynthesis gradients in plant canopies should consider co-variations among environmental drivers, and the limitation of functional trait variation by physical constraints and include the key trade-offs between structural, chemical, and physiological leaf characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ülo Niinemets
- Chair of Plant and Crop Science, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, 51011, Tartu, Estonia.
- Estonian Academy of Sciences, Kohtu 6, 10130, Tallinn, Estonia.
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Ren H, Huang R, Li Y, Li W, Zheng L, Lei Y, Chen K. Photosynthetic regulation in response to strontium stress in moss Racomitrium japonicum L. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:20923-20933. [PMID: 36264468 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23684-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Strontium (Sr2+) pollution and its biological effects are of great concern including photosynthetic regulation, which is fundamental to environmental responses, especially for bryophytes during their terrestrial adaptation. Alternative electron flows mediated by flavodiiron proteins (FLVs) and cyclic electron flow (CEF) in photosystem I (PSI) are crucial to abiotic stresses moss responses; however, little is known about the moss photosynthesis regulation under nuclide treatment. We measured chlorophyll fluorescence parameters in PSI, photosystem II (PSII) and the P700 redox state, oxidative stress in the moss Racomitrium japonicum under low (5 mg/L), moderate (50 mg/L) and high (500 mg/L) Sr2+ stress level. Moderate and high Sr2+ stress triggered H2O2 and malondialdehyde (MDA) generation, and catalase (CAT) activity increases, which are involved in reactive oxygen species regulation. The significant PSII photochemistry (Fv/Fm), Chla/chlb, Y(I)/Y(II), Y(NA), Y(ND) and ETRI-ETRII decreases at moderate and high Sr2+, and the Y(I), Y(II) decreases at high Sr2+ revealed the photo-inhibition and photo-damage in PSI and PSII by moderate and high Sr2+ stress. The nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ) increased significantly at moderate and high Sr2+ stress, reflecting a heat-dissipation-related photo-protective mechanism in antenna system and reaction centers. Moreover, rapid re-oxidation of P700 indicated that FLV-dependent flows significantly regulated PSI redox state under moderate and high Sr2+ stress. and CEF upregulation was found at low Sr2+. Finally, photosynthetic acclimation to Sr2+ stress in R. japonicum was linked to FLVs and CEF adjustments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Ren
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, China
| | - Renhua Huang
- Hubei Engineering Research Center for Specialty Flowers Biological Breeding, Jingchu University of Technology, Jingmen, 448000, Hubei, China
| | - Ying Li
- Administration Bureau of Jiuzhaigou National Nature Reserve, Jiuzhaigou, 623402, China
| | - Wanting Li
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, China
| | - Liuliu Zheng
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, China
| | - Yanbao Lei
- China-Croatia "Belt and Road" Joint Laboratory On Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Ke Chen
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, China.
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3
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Yang K, Huang Y, Yang J, Yu L, Hu Z, Sun W, Zhang Q. The determiner of photosynthetic acclimation induced by biochemical limitation under elevated CO 2 in japonica rice. J Plant Physiol 2023; 280:153889. [PMID: 36493669 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2022.153889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthetic acclimation to prolonged elevated CO2 could be attributed to the two limited biochemical capacity, ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) carboxylation and ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP) regeneration, however, which one is the primary driver is unclear. To quantify photosynthetic acclimation induced by biochemical limitation, we investigated photosynthetic characteristics and leaf nitrogen allocation to photosynthetic apparatus (Rubisco, bioenergetics, and light-harvesting complex) in a japonica rice grown in open-top chambers at ambient CO2 and ambient CO2+200 μmol mol-1 (e [CO2]). Results showed that photosynthesis was stimulated under e [CO2], but concomitantly, photosynthetic acclimation obviously occurred across the whole growth stages. The content of leaf nitrogen allocation to Rubisco and biogenetics was reduced by e [CO2], while not in light-harvesting complex. Unlike the content, there was little effects of CO2 enrichment on the percentage of nitrogen allocation to photosynthetic components. Additionally, leaf nitrogen did not reallocate within photosynthetic apparatus until the imbalance of sink-source under e [CO2]. The contribution of biochemical limitations, including Rubisco carboxylation and RuBP regeneration, to photosynthetic acclimation averaged 36.2% and 63.8% over the growing seasons, respectively. This study suggests that acclimation of photosynthesis is mainly driven by RuBP regeneration limitation and highlights the importance of RuBP regeneration relative to Rubisco carboxylation in the future CO2 enrichment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Yao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jingrui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lingfei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenghua Hu
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenjuan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Chavan SG, Duursma RA, Tausz M, Ghannoum O. Moderate heat stress prevented the observed biomass and yield stimulation caused by elevated CO 2 in two well-watered wheat cultivars. Plant Mol Biol 2022; 110:365-384. [PMID: 35648324 PMCID: PMC9646619 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-022-01276-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Heat stress (HS) under well-watered conditions was not detrimental to leaf photosynthesis or yield but modified the elevated CO2 response of photosynthesis and yield in two contrasting wheat cultivars. Climate change is increasing the frequency of extreme events such as heat waves, adversely affecting crop productivity. While positive impacts of elevated carbon dioxide (eCO2) on crop productivity are evident, the interactive effects of eCO2 and environmental stresses are still unclear. To investigate the interactive effects of elevated CO2 and heat stress (HS), we grew two contrasting wheat cultivars, early-maturing Scout and high-tillering Yitpi, under non-limiting water and nutrients at ambient (aCO2, 450 ppm) or elevated (eCO2, 650 ppm) CO2 and 22 °C in the glasshouse. Plants were exposed to two 3-day HS cycles at the vegetative (38.1 °C) and/or flowering (33.5 °C) stage. At aCO2, both wheat cultivars showed similar responses of photosynthesis and mesophyll conductance to temperature and produced similar grain yield. Relative to aCO2, eCO2 enhanced photosynthesis rate and reduced stomatal conductance and maximal carboxylation rate (Vcmax). During HS, high temperature stimulated photosynthesis at eCO2 in both cultivars, while eCO2 stimulated photosynthesis in Scout. Electron transport rate (Jmax) was unaffected by any treatment. eCO2 equally enhanced biomass and grain yield of both cultivars in control, but not HS, plants. HS reduced biomass and yield of Scout at eCO2. Yitpi, the cultivar with higher grain nitrogen, underwent a trade-off between grain yield and nitrogen. In conclusion, eCO2 improved photosynthesis of control and HS wheat, and improved biomass and grain yield of control plants only. Under well-watered conditions, HS was not detrimental to photosynthesis or growth but precluded a yield response to eCO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin G. Chavan
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751 Australia
| | - Remko A. Duursma
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751 Australia
| | - Michael Tausz
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Dookie, Victoria 3647 Australia
| | - Oula Ghannoum
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751 Australia
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Wang H, Wu F, Li M, Zhu X, Shi C, Shao C, Ding G. Structure and chlorophyll fluorescence of heteroblastic foliage affect first-year growth in Pinus massoniana Lamb. seedlings. Plant Physiol Biochem 2022; 170:206-217. [PMID: 34906903 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Pine seedlings exhibit heteroblastic foliage (primary and secondary needles) during seedling development. However, few trials have studied how heteroblastic foliage influences pine seedling growth by seasonal variation. This study first investigated the anatomical differences between the primary and secondary needles of one-year-old Pinus massoniana seedlings. We measured chlorophyll fluorescence (ChlF) and evaluated the photoprotective mechanisms and light energy partitioning of these heteroblastic leaves from September to November. The results showed that the primary needles, as juvenile foliage, had a greater fraction of mesophyll tissue and stomata. In addition, the primary needles had two vascular bundles, and shorter distance from xylem and phloem to mesophyll cells, exhibiting a luxury growth strategy of rapidly obtaining high returns. The ChlF parameters indicated that the primary needles maintained a relatively high level of photoprotection by thermal dissipation (nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ)) and nonregulated energy dissipation (Y(NO)). The secondary needles, representing mature foliage, had greater area of xylem and phloem tissues. The contents of Chl b and carotenoids (Car) significantly increased in November, promoting φPo and photoprotection, which suggested that the secondary needles were more resistant to low temperatures. During the whole light response process of secondary needles, the increases in the electron transfer rate (ETR) and light energy utilization efficiency (α) helped to increase the actual photosynthetic quantum yield (Y(II)) by reducing energy dissipation by decreasing the proportion of regulated energy dissipation (Y(NPQ)) and Y(NO). Given the sensitivity of this heteroblastic foliage to environmental changes, the practical use and extension of P. massoniana for afforestation purposes should be carried out with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyun Wang
- Institute for Forest Resources and Environment of Guizhou, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China; Key Laboratory of Forest Cultivation in Plateau Mountain of Guizhou Province, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China; College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Feng Wu
- Institute for Forest Resources and Environment of Guizhou, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China; Key Laboratory of Forest Cultivation in Plateau Mountain of Guizhou Province, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China; College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
| | - Min Li
- College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Xiaokun Zhu
- College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Changshuang Shi
- College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Changchang Shao
- College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Guijie Ding
- Institute for Forest Resources and Environment of Guizhou, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China; Key Laboratory of Forest Cultivation in Plateau Mountain of Guizhou Province, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China; College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
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Lei YB, Xia HX, Chen K, Plenković-Moraj A, Huang W, Sun G. Photosynthetic regulation in response to fluctuating light conditions under temperature stress in three mosses with different light requirements. Plant Sci 2021; 311:111020. [PMID: 34482921 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2021.111020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Under natural field conditions, mosses experience fluctuating light intensities combined with temperature stress. Alternative electron flow mediated by flavodiiron proteins (FLVs) and cyclic electron flow (CEF) around photosystem I (PSI) allow mosses to growth under fluctuating light conditions. However, little is known about the roles of FLVs and CEF in the regulation of photosynthesis under temperature stress combined with fluctuating light. Here, we measured chlorophyll fluorescence and P700 redox state under fluctuating light conditions at 4 °C, 20 °C, and 35 °C in three mosses with different light requirements. Upon a sudden increase in light intensity, electron flow from photosystem II initially increased and then gradually decreased at 20 °C and 35 °C, indicating that the operation of FLV-dependent flow lasted much longer than previously thought. Furthermore, the absolute rates of FLV-dependent flow and CEF were enhanced under fluctuating light at 35 °C, pointing to their important roles in photoprotection when exposed to fluctuating light at moderate high temperature. Furthermore, the downregulation of FLV activity at 4 °C was partially compensated for by enhanced CEF activity. These results suggested the subtle coordination between FLV activity and CEF under fluctuating light and temperature stress. Racomitrium japonicum and Hypnum plumaeforme, which usually grow under relatively high light levels, exhibited higher FLV activity and CEF than the shade-grown moss Plagiomnium ellipticum. Based on our results, we conclude that photosynthetic acclimation to fluctuating light and temperature stress in different mosses is largely linked to the adjustment of FLV activity and CEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Bao Lei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province & China-Croatia "Belt and Road" Joint Laboratory on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Hong-Xia Xia
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province & China-Croatia "Belt and Road" Joint Laboratory on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China; School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, China
| | - Ke Chen
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, China
| | - Anđelka Plenković-Moraj
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Rooseveltov trg 6, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Wei Huang
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China.
| | - Geng Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province & China-Croatia "Belt and Road" Joint Laboratory on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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7
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Qiao MY, Zhang YJ, Liu LA, Shi L, Ma QH, Chow WS, Jiang CD. Do rapid photosynthetic responses protect maize leaves against photoinhibition under fluctuating light? Photosynth Res 2021; 149:57-68. [PMID: 32783175 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-020-00780-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Plants in their natural environment are often exposed to fluctuating light because of self-shading and cloud movements. As changing frequency is a key characteristic of fluctuating light, we speculated that rapid light fluctuation may induce rapid photosynthetic responses, which may protect leaves against photoinhibition. To test this hypothesis, maize seedlings were grown under fluctuating light with various frequencies (1, 10, and 100 cycles of fluctuations/10 h), and changes in growth, chlorophyll content, gas exchange, chlorophyll a fluorescence, and P700 were analyzed carefully. Our data show that though the growth and light-saturated photosynthetic rate were depressed by rapidly fluctuating light, photosynthesis induction was clearly speeded up. Furthermore, more rapid fluctuation of light strikingly reduced the chlorophyll content, while thermal dissipation was triggered and enhanced. The chlorophyll a fluorescence induction kinetics and P700 absorption results showed that the activities of both photosystem II and photosystem I decreased as the frequency of the fluctuating light increased. In all treatments, the light intensities of the fluctuating light were kept constant. Therefore, rapid light fluctuation frequency itself induced the acceleration of photosynthetic induction and the enhancement of photoprotection in maize seedlings, which play important roles in protecting photosynthetic apparatus against fluctuating high light to a certain extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Yu Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ya-Jun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Li-An Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Shi
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing-Hu Ma
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, People's Republic of China
| | - Wah Soon Chow
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Acton, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Chuang-Dao Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, People's Republic of China.
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Tsuji Y, Kusi-Appiah G, Kozai N, Fukuda Y, Yamano T, Fukuzawa H. Characterization of a CO 2-Concentrating Mechanism with Low Sodium Dependency in the Centric Diatom Chaetoceros gracilis. Mar Biotechnol (NY) 2021; 23:456-462. [PMID: 34109463 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-021-10037-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae induce a CO2-concentrating mechanism (CCM) to overcome CO2-limiting stress in aquatic environments by coordinating inorganic carbon (Ci) transporters and carbonic anhydrases (CAs). Two mechanisms have been suggested to facilitate Ci uptake from aqueous media: Na+-dependent HCO3- uptake by solute carrier (SLC) family transporters and accelerated dehydration of HCO3- to CO2 by external CA in model diatoms. However, studies on ecologically and industrially important diatoms including Chaetoceros gracilis, a common food source in aquacultures, are still limited. Here, we characterized the CCM of C. gracilis using inhibitors and growth dependency on Na+ and CO2. Addition of a membrane-impermeable SLC inhibitor, 4,4'-diisothiocyano-2,2'-stilbenedisulfonic acid (DIDS), or the transient removal of Na+ from the culture medium did not impair photosynthetic affinity for Ci in CO2-limiting stress conditions, but addition of a membrane-impermeable CA inhibitor, acetazolamide, decreased Ci affinity to one-third of control cultures. In culture medium containing 0.23 mM Na+ C. gracilis grew photoautotrophically by aeration with air containing 5% CO2, but not with the air containing 0.04% CO2. These results suggested that C. gracilis utilizes external CAs in its CCM to elevate photosynthetic affinity for Ci rather than plasma-membrane SLC family transporters. In addition, it is possible that low level of Na+ may support the CCM in processes other than Ci-uptake at the plasma membrane specifically in CO2-limiting conditions. Our findings provide insights into the diversity of CCMs among diatoms as well as basic information to optimize culture conditions for industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinori Tsuji
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | | | - Noriko Kozai
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Yuri Fukuda
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Takashi Yamano
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Hideya Fukuzawa
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan.
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9
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Ferroni L, Brestič M, Živčak M, Cantelli R, Pancaldi S. Increased photosynthesis from a deep-shade to high-light regime occurs by enhanced CO 2 diffusion into the leaf of Selaginella martensii. Plant Physiol Biochem 2021; 160:143-154. [PMID: 33486204 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The current understanding of photosynthesis across land plant phylogeny strongly indicates that ancient vascular plants are mainly limited by strong constitutive CO2 diffusional constraints, particularly low stomatal and mesophyll conductance. Considering that the lycophyte Selaginella martensii can demonstrate long-term light acclimation, this study addresses the regulation extent of CO2 assimilation in this species cultivated under contrasting light regimes of deep shade, medium shade and high light. Comparative analyses of photosynthetic traits, CO2 conductance and leaf morpho-anatomy revealed acclimation plasticity similar to that of seed plants, though occurring in the context of an inherently low photosynthetic capacity typical of lycophytes. Specific modulations of the stomatal density and aperture, chloroplast surface exposed to mesophyll airspaces and cell wall thickness sustained a marked improvement in CO2 diffusion from deep shade to high light. However, the maximum carboxylation rate was comparatively less effectively upregulated, leading to a greater incidence of biochemical limitations of photosynthesis. Because of a low carboxylation capacity under any light regime, a lycophyte prevents potential photodamage to the chloroplast by not only exploiting the thermal dissipation of excess absorbed energy but also diverting a large fraction of photosynthetic electrons to sinks alternative to carboxylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Ferroni
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Corso Ercole I d'Este 32, 44121, Ferrara, Italy; Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak University of Agriculture, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 01, Nitra, Slovakia.
| | - Marián Brestič
- Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak University of Agriculture, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 01, Nitra, Slovakia.
| | - Marek Živčak
- Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak University of Agriculture, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 01, Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Riccardo Cantelli
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Corso Ercole I d'Este 32, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Simonetta Pancaldi
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Corso Ercole I d'Este 32, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
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10
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Marçal DMS, Avila RT, Quiroga-Rojas LF, de Souza RPB, Gomes Junior CC, Ponte LR, Barbosa ML, Oliveira LA, Martins SCV, Ramalho JDC, DaMatta FM. Elevated [CO 2] benefits coffee growth and photosynthetic performance regardless of light availability. Plant Physiol Biochem 2021; 158:524-535. [PMID: 33293205 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.11.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Despite being evolved in shaded environments, most coffee (Coffea arabica L.) is cultivated worldwide under sparse shade or at full sunlight. Coffee is ranked as greatly responsive to climate change (CC), and shading has been considered an important management strategy for mitigating the harmful CC outcomes on the crop. However, there is no information on the effects of enhanced [CO2] (eCa) on coffee performance in response to light availability. Here, we examined how carbon assimilation and use are affected by eCa in combination with contrasting light levels. For that, greenhouse-grown plants were submitted to varying light levels (16 or 7.5 mol photons m-2 day-1) and [CO2] (ca. 380 or 740 μmol mol-1 air) over six months. We demonstrated that both high light and eCa improved growth and photosynthetic performance, independently. Despite marginal alterations in biomass partitioning, some allometric changes, such as higher root biomass-to-total leaf area and lower leaf area ratio under the combination of eCa and high light were found. Stimulation of photosynthetic rates by eCa occurred with no direct effect on stomatal and mesophyll conductances, and no signs of photosynthetic down-regulation were found irrespective of treatments. Particularly at high light, eCa led to decreases in both photorespiration rates and oxidative pressure. Overall, our novel findings suggest that eCa could tandemly act with shading to mitigate the harmful CC effects on coffee sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinorah M S Marçal
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brazil.
| | - Rodrigo T Avila
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brazil.
| | | | - Raylla P B de Souza
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brazil.
| | - Carlos C Gomes Junior
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brazil.
| | - Lucas R Ponte
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brazil.
| | - Marcela L Barbosa
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brazil.
| | - Leonardo A Oliveira
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brazil.
| | - Samuel C V Martins
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brazil.
| | - José D C Ramalho
- PlantStress & Biodiversity Lab, Centro de Estudos Florestais (CEF), Dept. Recursos Naturais, Ambiente e Território (DRAT), Instituto Superior de Agronomia (ISA), Universidade de Lisboa (ULisboa), Quinta do Marquês, Av. da República, 2784-505, Oeiras, Portugal; Unidade de Geobiociências, Geoengenharias e Geotecnologias (GeoBioTec), Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia (FCT), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa (UNL), Monte de Caparica, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal.
| | - Fábio M DaMatta
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brazil.
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11
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Domiciano D, Nery FC, de Carvalho PA, Prudente DO, de Souza LB, Chalfun-Júnior A, Paiva R, Marchiori PER. Nitrogen sources and CO 2 concentration synergistically affect the growth and metabolism of tobacco plants. Photosynth Res 2020; 144:327-339. [PMID: 32291595 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-020-00743-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The initial stimulation of photosynthesis under elevated CO2 concentrations (eCO2) is often followed by a decline in photosynthesis, known as CO2 acclimation. Changes in N levels under eCO2 can have different effects in plants fertilized with nitrate (NO3-) or ammonium (NH4+) as the N source. NO3- assimilation consumes approximately 25% of the energy produced by an expanded leaf, whereas NH4+ requires less energy to be incorporated into organic compounds. Although plant-N interactions are important for the productivity and nutritional value of food crops worldwide, most studies have not compared the performance of plants supplied with different forms of N. Therefore, this study aims to go beyond treating N as the total N in the soil or the plant because the specific N compounds formed from the available N forms become highly engaged in all aspects of plant metabolism. To this end, plant N metabolism was analyzed through an experiment with eCO2 and fertigation with NO3- and/or NH4+ as N sources for tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) plants. The results showed that the plants that received only NO3- as a source of N grew more slowly when exposed to a CO2 concentration of 760 μmol mol-1 than when they were exposed to ambient CO2 conditions. On the other hand, in plants fertigated with only NH4+, eCO2 enhanced photosynthesis. This was essential for the maintenance of the metabolic pathways responsible for N assimilation and distribution in growing tissues. These data show that the physiological performance of tobacco plants exposed to eCO2 depends on the form of inorganic N that is absorbed and assimilated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Débora Domiciano
- Department of Biology, Plant Physiology Sector, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Carlota Nery
- Biosystems Engineering Department, Federal University of Sao Joao del Rei, Sao Joao del Rei, Brazil
| | | | | | - Lucas Batista de Souza
- Department of Biology, Plant Physiology Sector, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Brazil
| | - Antônio Chalfun-Júnior
- Department of Biology, Plant Physiology Sector, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Brazil
| | - Renato Paiva
- Department of Biology, Plant Physiology Sector, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Brazil
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12
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Pao YC, Chen TW, Moualeu-Ngangue DP, Stützel H. Experiments for in silico evaluation of Optimality of Photosynthetic Nitrogen Distribution and Partitioning in the Canopy: an Example Using Greenhouse Cucumber Plants. Bio Protoc 2020; 10:e3556. [PMID: 33659528 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.3556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Acclimation of leaf traits to fluctuating environments is a key mechanism to maximize fitness. One of the most important strategies in acclimation to changing light is to maintain efficient utilization of nitrogen in the photosynthetic apparatus by continuous modifications of between-leaf distribution along the canopy depth and within-leaf partitioning between photosynthetic functions according to local light availability. Between-leaf nitrogen distribution has been intensively studied over the last three decades, where proportional coordination between nitrogen concentration and light gradient was considered optimal in terms of maximizing canopy photosynthesis, without taking other canopy structural and physiological factors into account. We proposed a mechanistic model of protein turnover dynamics in different photosynthetic functions, which can be parameterized using leaves grown under different levels of constant light. By integrating this dynamic model into a multi-layer canopy model, constructed using data collected from a greenhouse experiment, it allowed us to test in silico the degree of optimality in photosynthetic nitrogen use for maximizing canopy carbon assimilation under given light environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chen Pao
- Institute of Horticultural Production Systems, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Tsu-Wei Chen
- Institute of Horticultural Production Systems, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Hartmut Stützel
- Institute of Horticultural Production Systems, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover, Germany
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13
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Vicente R, Pérez P, Martínez-Carrasco R, Morcuende R. Improved responses to elevated CO 2 in durum wheat at a low nitrate supply associated with the upregulation of photosynthetic genes and the activation of nitrate assimilation. Plant Sci 2017; 260:119-128. [PMID: 28554469 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2017.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Elevated CO2 often leads to photosynthetic acclimation, and N availability may alter this response. We investigated whether the coordination of shoot-root N assimilation by elevated CO2 may help to optimize the whole-plant N allocation and maximize photosynthesis in hydroponically-grown durum wheat at two NO3- supplies in interaction with plant development. Transcriptional and biochemical analyses were performed on flag leaves and roots. At anthesis, the improved photosynthetic acclimation response to elevated CO2 at low N was associated with increased Rubisco, chlorophyll and amino acid contents, and upregulation of genes related to their biosynthesis, light reactions and Calvin-Benson cycle, while a decrease was recorded at high N. Despite the decrease in carbohydrates with elevated CO2 at low N and the increase at high N, a stronger upward trend in leaf NR activity was found at low rather than high N. The induction of N recycling-related genes was accompanied by an amino acids decline at high N. At the grain-filling stage, the photosynthetic acclimation to elevated CO2 at high N was associated with the downregulation of both N assimilation, mainly in roots, and photosynthetic genes. At low N, enhanced root N assimilation partly compensated for slower shoot N assimilation and maximized photosynthetic capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Vicente
- Abiotic Stress Department, Institute of Natural Resources and Agrobiology of Salamanca, IRNASA-CSIC, Cordel de Merinas 40-52, 37008 Salamanca, Spain; Integrative Crop Ecophysiology Group, Plant Physiology Section, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Pilar Pérez
- Abiotic Stress Department, Institute of Natural Resources and Agrobiology of Salamanca, IRNASA-CSIC, Cordel de Merinas 40-52, 37008 Salamanca, Spain.
| | - Rafael Martínez-Carrasco
- Abiotic Stress Department, Institute of Natural Resources and Agrobiology of Salamanca, IRNASA-CSIC, Cordel de Merinas 40-52, 37008 Salamanca, Spain.
| | - Rosa Morcuende
- Abiotic Stress Department, Institute of Natural Resources and Agrobiology of Salamanca, IRNASA-CSIC, Cordel de Merinas 40-52, 37008 Salamanca, Spain.
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14
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Vicente R, Pérez P, Martínez-Carrasco R, Feil R, Lunn JE, Watanabe M, Arrivault S, Stitt M, Hoefgen R, Morcuende R. Metabolic and Transcriptional Analysis of Durum Wheat Responses to Elevated CO2 at Low and High Nitrate Supply. Plant Cell Physiol 2016; 57:2133-2146. [PMID: 27440546 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcw131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Elevated [CO2] (eCO2) can lead to photosynthetic acclimation and this is often intensified by low nitrogen (N). Despite intensive studies of plant responses to eCO2, the regulation mechanism of primary metabolism at the whole-plant level in interaction with [Formula: see text] supply remains unclear. We examined the metabolic and transcriptional responses triggered by eCO2 in association with physiological-biochemical traits in flag leaves and roots of durum wheat grown hydroponically in ambient and elevated [CO2] with low (LN) and high (HN) [Formula: see text] supply. Multivariate analysis revealed a strong interaction between eCO2 and [Formula: see text] supply. Photosynthetic acclimation induced by eCO2 in LN plants was accompanied by an increase in biomass and carbohydrates, and decreases of leaf organic N per unit area, organic acids, inorganic ions, Calvin-Benson cycle intermediates, Rubisco, nitrate reductase activity, amino acids and transcripts for N metabolism, particularly in leaves, whereas [Formula: see text] uptake was unaffected. In HN plants, eCO2 did not decrease photosynthetic capacity or leaf organic N per unit area, but induced transcripts for N metabolism, especially in roots. In conclusion, the photosynthetic acclimation in LN plants was associated with an inhibition of leaf [Formula: see text] assimilation, whereas up-regulation of N metabolism in roots could have mitigated the acclimatory effect of eCO2 in HN plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Vicente
- Abiotic Stress Department, Institute of Natural Resources and Agrobiology of Salamanca, IRNASA-CSIC, Cordel de Merinas 40-52, 37008 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Pilar Pérez
- Abiotic Stress Department, Institute of Natural Resources and Agrobiology of Salamanca, IRNASA-CSIC, Cordel de Merinas 40-52, 37008 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Rafael Martínez-Carrasco
- Abiotic Stress Department, Institute of Natural Resources and Agrobiology of Salamanca, IRNASA-CSIC, Cordel de Merinas 40-52, 37008 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Regina Feil
- Metabolic Networks Group, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - John E Lunn
- Metabolic Networks Group, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Mutsumi Watanabe
- Amino Acid and Sulfur Metabolism Group, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Stephanie Arrivault
- Metabolic Networks Group, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Mark Stitt
- Metabolic Networks Group, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Rainer Hoefgen
- Amino Acid and Sulfur Metabolism Group, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Rosa Morcuende
- Abiotic Stress Department, Institute of Natural Resources and Agrobiology of Salamanca, IRNASA-CSIC, Cordel de Merinas 40-52, 37008 Salamanca, Spain
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15
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Sreeharsha RV, Sekhar KM, Reddy AR. Delayed flowering is associated with lack of photosynthetic acclimation in Pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan L.) grown under elevated CO₂. Plant Sci 2015; 231:82-93. [PMID: 25575994 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2014.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Revised: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we investigated the likely consequences of future atmospheric CO2 concentrations [CO2] on growth, physiology and reproductive phenology of Pigeonpea. A short duration Pigeonpea cultivar (ICPL 15011) was grown without N fertilizer from emergence to final harvest in CO2 enriched atmosphere (open top chambers; 550μmolmol(-1)) for two seasons. CO2 enrichment improved both net photosynthetic rates (Asat) and foliar carbohydrate content by 36 and 43%, respectively, which further reflected in dry biomass after harvest, showing an increment of 29% over the control plants. Greater carboxylation rates of Rubisco (Vcmax) and photosynthetic electron transport rates (Jmax) in elevated CO2 grown plants measured during different growth periods, clearly demonstrated lack of photosynthetic acclimation. Further, chlorophyll a fluorescence measurements as indicated by Fv/Fm and ΔF/Fm' ratios justified enhanced photosystem II efficiency. Mass and number of root nodules were significantly high in elevated CO2 grown plants showing 58% increase in nodule mass ratio (NMR) which directly correlated with Pn. Growth under high CO2 showed significant ontogenic changes including delayed flowering. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that the lack of photosynthetic acclimation and increased carbohydrate-nitrogen reserves modulate the vegetative and reproductive growth patterns in Pigeonpea grown under elevated CO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachapudi Venkata Sreeharsha
- Photosynthesis and Climate Change Laboratory, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, AP, India
| | - Kalva Madhana Sekhar
- Photosynthesis and Climate Change Laboratory, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, AP, India
| | - Attipalli Ramachandra Reddy
- Photosynthesis and Climate Change Laboratory, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, AP, India.
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16
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Aljazairi S, Arias C, Sánchez E, Lino G, Nogués S. Effects of pre-industrial, current and future [CO2] in traditional and modern wheat genotypes. J Plant Physiol 2014; 171:1654-1663. [PMID: 25173452 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2014.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Revised: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Wheat is one of the most important cereal food crops in the world today. The productivity and quality of this crop is greatly affected by environmental conditions during grain filling. In this study, we have analyzed two genotypes of durum wheat, Blanqueta and Sula (traditional and a modern wheat respectively) in pre-industrial, current and future [CO2]. Plant growth and physiological parameters were analyzed during anthesis and grain filling in order to study the capacity of these plants to create new sinks and their role during the process of the acclimation of photosynthesis. It was observed that plants underwent photosynthetic acclimation at pre-industrial and future [CO2] (up and down-regulation respectively). However, the modern genotype averts the process of down-regulation by creating a new carbon sink (i.e. the spike). Here, we have shown the essential role that the spike plays as a new sink in order to avert the down-regulation of photosynthesis at future [CO2]. Moreover, we have demonstrated that at future [CO2] the growth response will depend on the ability of plants to develop new sinks or expand existing ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvador Aljazairi
- Unitat de Fisiologia Vegetal, Departament de Biologia Vegetal, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 645, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Claudia Arias
- Unitat de Fisiologia Vegetal, Departament de Biologia Vegetal, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 645, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Sánchez
- Unitat de Fisiologia Vegetal, Departament de Biologia Vegetal, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 645, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gladys Lino
- Unitat de Fisiologia Vegetal, Departament de Biologia Vegetal, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 645, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Salvador Nogués
- Unitat de Fisiologia Vegetal, Departament de Biologia Vegetal, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 645, Barcelona, Spain
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17
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Irigoyen JJ, Goicoechea N, Antolín MC, Pascual I, Sánchez-Díaz M, Aguirreolea J, Morales F. Growth, photosynthetic acclimation and yield quality in legumes under climate change simulations: an updated survey. Plant Sci 2014; 226:22-29. [PMID: 25113447 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2014.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Revised: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/17/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Continued emissions of CO2, derived from human activities, increase atmospheric CO2 concentration. The CO2 rise stimulates plant growth and affects yield quality. Effects of elevated CO2 on legume quality depend on interactions with N2-fixing bacteria and mycorrhizal fungi. Growth at elevated CO2 increases photosynthesis under short-term exposures in C3 species. Under long-term exposures, however, plants generally acclimate to elevated CO2 decreasing their photosynthetic capacity. An updated survey of the literature indicates that a key factor, perhaps the most important, that characteristically influences this phenomenon, its occurrence and extent, is the plant source-sink balance. In legumes, the ability of exchanging C for N at nodule level with the N2-fixing symbionts creates an extra C sink that avoids the occurrence of photosynthetic acclimation. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi colonizing roots may also result in increased C sink, preventing photosynthetic acclimation. Defoliation (Anthyllis vulneraria, simulated grazing) or shoot cutting (alfalfa, usual management as forage) largely increases root/shoot ratio. During re-growth at elevated CO2, new shoots growth and nodule respiration function as strong C sinks that counteracts photosynthetic acclimation. In the presence of some limiting factor, the legumes response to elevated CO2 is weakened showing photosynthetic acclimation. This survey has identified limiting factors that include an insufficient N supply from bacterial strains, nutrient-poor soils, low P supply, excess temperature affecting photosynthesis and/or nodule activity, a genetically determined low nodulation capacity, an inability of species or varieties to increase growth (and therefore C sink) at elevated CO2 and a plant phenological state or season when plant growth is stopped.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Irigoyen
- Grupo de Fisiología del Estrés en Plantas (Dpto. de Biología Ambiental), Unidad Asociada al CSIC, EEAD, Zaragoza e ICVV, Logroño, Facultades de Ciencias y Farmacia, Universidad de Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - N Goicoechea
- Grupo de Fisiología del Estrés en Plantas (Dpto. de Biología Ambiental), Unidad Asociada al CSIC, EEAD, Zaragoza e ICVV, Logroño, Facultades de Ciencias y Farmacia, Universidad de Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - M C Antolín
- Grupo de Fisiología del Estrés en Plantas (Dpto. de Biología Ambiental), Unidad Asociada al CSIC, EEAD, Zaragoza e ICVV, Logroño, Facultades de Ciencias y Farmacia, Universidad de Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - I Pascual
- Grupo de Fisiología del Estrés en Plantas (Dpto. de Biología Ambiental), Unidad Asociada al CSIC, EEAD, Zaragoza e ICVV, Logroño, Facultades de Ciencias y Farmacia, Universidad de Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - M Sánchez-Díaz
- Grupo de Fisiología del Estrés en Plantas (Dpto. de Biología Ambiental), Unidad Asociada al CSIC, EEAD, Zaragoza e ICVV, Logroño, Facultades de Ciencias y Farmacia, Universidad de Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - J Aguirreolea
- Grupo de Fisiología del Estrés en Plantas (Dpto. de Biología Ambiental), Unidad Asociada al CSIC, EEAD, Zaragoza e ICVV, Logroño, Facultades de Ciencias y Farmacia, Universidad de Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - F Morales
- Estación Experimental de Aula Dei (EEAD), CSIC, Dpto. Nutrición Vegetal, Apdo. 13034, 50080 Zaragoza, Spain; Grupo de Fisiología del Estrés en Plantas (Dpto. de Biología Ambiental), Unidad Asociada al CSIC, EEAD, Zaragoza e ICVV, Logroño, Facultades de Ciencias y Farmacia, Universidad de Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
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18
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Gutiérrez D, Morcuende R, Del Pozo A, Martínez-Carrasco R, Pérez P. Involvement of nitrogen and cytokinins in photosynthetic acclimation to elevated CO₂ of spring wheat. J Plant Physiol 2013; 170:1337-43. [PMID: 23747059 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2013.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2012] [Revised: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 05/03/2013] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Acclimation of photosynthetic capacity to elevated CO₂ involves a decrease of the leaf Rubisco content. In the present study, it was hypothesized that nitrogen uptake and partitioning within the leaf and among different aboveground organs affects the down-regulation of Rubisco. Given the interdependence of nitrogen and cytokinin signals at the whole plant level, it is also proposed that cytokinins affect the nitrogen economy of plants under elevated CO₂, and therefore the acclimatory responses. Spring wheat received varying levels of nitrogen and cytokinin in field chambers with ambient (370 μmol mol⁻¹) or elevated (700 μmol mol⁻¹) atmospheric CO₂. Gas exchange, Rubisco, soluble protein and nitrogen contents were determined in the top three leaves in the canopy, together with total nitrogen contents per shoot. Growth in elevated CO₂ induced decreases in photosynthetic capacity only when nitrogen supply was low. However, the leaf contents of Rubisco, soluble protein and total nitrogen on an area basis declined in elevated CO₂ regardless of nitrogen supply. Total nitrogen in the shoot was no lower in elevated than ambient CO₂, but the fraction of this nitrogen located in flag and penultimate leaves was lower in elevated CO₂. Decreased Rubisco: chlorophyll ratios accompanied losses of leaf Rubisco with CO₂ enrichment. Cytokinin applications increased nitrogen content in all leaves and nitrogen allocation to senescing leaves, but decreased Rubisco contents in flag leaves at anthesis and in all leaves 20 days later, together with the amount of Rubisco relative to soluble protein in all leaves at both growth stages. The results suggest that down regulation of Rubisco in leaves at elevated CO₂ is linked with decreased allocation of nitrogen to the younger leaves and that cytokinins cause a fractional decrease of Rubisco and therefore do not alleviate acclimation to elevated CO₂.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Gutiérrez
- Institute of Natural Resources and Agrobiology of Salamanca, IRNASA-CSIC, Apartado 257, 37071 Salamanca, Spain
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19
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Mulkey SS. Photosynthetic acclimation and water-use efficiency of three species of understory herbaceous bamboo (Gramineae) in Panama. Oecologia 1986; 70:514-519. [PMID: 28311492 DOI: 10.1007/bf00379897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/1985] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
To assess the role of photosynthetic acclimation in the response of tropical understory herbs to treefall light gaps, photosynthetic response curves were determined for three species of herbaceous bamboo growing in treatments of sun and shade at Barro Calorado Island, Panama. Increased maximum photosynthetic capacity did not always accompany higher ramet production in the sun treatment. Pharus latifolius reproduced abundantly in both treatments, and produced more ramets and developed higher maximum photosynthetic capacity under higher irradiance. Streptochaeta spicata also produced a high percentage of reproductive ramets in both treatments and produced more ramets in the sun, did not show any significant differences in photosynthetic parameters between treatments. Streptochaeta sodiroana did not change maximum photosynthetic capacity in the sun, and had higher photosynthetic efficiency and lower mortality in the shade. Stable carbon isotope composition of leaves indicated that all three species developed higher water-use efficiency under higher irradiance. Photosynthetic flexibility may contribute to the ability of P. latifolius to reproduce in treefall gaps, whereas S. spicata and S. sodiroana may maintain the ability to fix carbon efficiently in low irradiance even when growing or persisting in gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen S Mulkey
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, 19104, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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