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Liu S, Yu T, Zhang Y, Pan C, Cai L, Yang M. Integrated analysis of mRNA and long non-coding RNA expression profiles reveals the potential roles of lncRNA-mRNA network in carp macrophage immune regulation. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2021; 57:835-847. [PMID: 34554377 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-021-00610-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as a hot topic in research as mounting evidence has indicated their transcriptional or post-transcriptional regulatory potential in multiple biological processes. Previous studies have revealed the involvement of lncRNAs in the immunoregulation of mammalian macrophages by changing mRNA expression; however, studies on the lncRNAs in fish macrophages and their potential roles in the immune system remain unknown. Primary macrophages were isolated from the head kidney (HK) of red common carp (Cyprinus carpio) and high-throughput lncRNA-mRNA sequencing was performed using the Illumina HiSeq platform. The results revealed that the most highly expressed mRNAs in primary HK macrophages were mainly involved in immune-related signal pathways. Furthermore, the most enriched immune-related GO term and KEGG pathway of the mRNAs were "immune system development" and "chemokine signaling pathway," respectively. A total of 20,333 lncRNAs, composed of 10,512 known and 9821 novel lncRNAs, were identified, and functional enrichment analysis of the lncRNA-mRNA network indicated that the expressed lncRNAs in primary HK macrophages could be associated with the regulation of multiple immune-related signaling pathways. In addition, the expressions of several selected lncRNAs and their related mRNAs were determined in carp macrophages following a 6-h exposure to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and Poly(I: C), the results of which confirmed the co-expression regulation of lncRNAs and target mRNAs in the immune response of carp macrophages. These results suggest the correlative of the lncRNA-mRNA network in fish macrophage immune response, which may further affect the cross-talk of various signaling pathways by interaction with other network genes. Here, we provided fundamental data about the transcriptome profiles of primary HK macrophages from red common carp by analysis of the lncRNA-mRNA network, and ultimately suggest the potential roles of lncRNA-mRNA networks in immune regulation in teleost fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Liu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
- Research Institute of Poyang Lake, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang, 330012, China
| | - Ting Yu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Chenyuan Pan
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Ling Cai
- Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, 361005, China.
| | - Ming Yang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
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Johnson BK, Thomas SM, Olive AJ, Abramovitch RB. Macrophage Infection Models for Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2314:167-182. [PMID: 34235652 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1460-0_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis colonizes, survives, and grows inside macrophages. In vitro macrophage infection models, using both primary macrophages and cell lines, enable the characterization of the pathogen response to macrophage immune pressure and intracellular environmental cues. We describe methods to propagate and infect primary murine bone marrow-derived macrophages, HoxB8 conditionally immortalized myeloid cells, Max Planck Institute alveolar macrophage-like cells, and J774 and THP-1 macrophage-like cell lines. We also present methods on the characterization of M. tuberculosis intracellular survival and the preparation of infected macrophages for imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin K Johnson
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Sean M Thomas
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Andrew J Olive
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Robert B Abramovitch
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
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Biedenkopf N, Lange-Grünweller K, Schulte FW, Weißer A, Müller C, Becker D, Becker S, Hartmann RK, Grünweller A. The natural compound silvestrol is a potent inhibitor of Ebola virus replication. Antiviral Res 2016; 137:76-81. [PMID: 27864075 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2016.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Revised: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The DEAD-box RNA helicase eIF4A, which is part of the heterotrimeric translation initiation complex in eukaryotes, is an important novel drug target in cancer research because its helicase activity is required to unwind extended and highly structured 5'-UTRs of several proto-oncogenes. Silvestrol, a natural compound isolated from the plant Aglaia foveolata, is a highly efficient, non-toxic and specific inhibitor of eIF4A. Importantly, 5'-capped viral mRNAs often contain structured 5'-UTRs as well, which may suggest a dependence on eIF4A for their translation by the host protein synthesis machinery. In view of the recent Ebola virus (EBOV) outbreak in West Africa, the identification of potent antiviral compounds is urgently required. Since Ebola mRNAs are 5'-capped and harbor RNA secondary structures in their extended 5'-UTRs, we initiated a BSL4 study to analyze silvestrol in EBOV-infected Huh-7 cells and in primary human macrophages for its antiviral activity. We observed that silvestrol inhibits EBOV infection at low nanomolar concentrations, as inferred from large reductions of viral titers. This correlated with an almost complete disappearance of EBOV proteins, comparable in effect to the translational shutdown of expression of the proto-oncoprotein PIM1, a cellular kinase known to be affected by silvestrol. Effective silvestrol concentrations were non-toxic in the tested cell systems. Thus, silvestrol appears to be a promising first-line drug for the treatment of acute EBOV and possibly other viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Biedenkopf
- Institut für Virologie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 2, 35043, Marburg, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (DZIF) at the Partner Site Gießen-Marburg-Langen, Germany
| | - Kerstin Lange-Grünweller
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marbacher Weg 6, 35037, Marburg, Germany
| | - Falk W Schulte
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marbacher Weg 6, 35037, Marburg, Germany
| | - Aileen Weißer
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marbacher Weg 6, 35037, Marburg, Germany
| | - Christin Müller
- Institut für Medizinische Virologie, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Schubertstraße 81, 35392, Gießen, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (DZIF) at the Partner Site Gießen-Marburg-Langen, Germany
| | - Dirk Becker
- Institut für Virologie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 2, 35043, Marburg, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (DZIF) at the Partner Site Gießen-Marburg-Langen, Germany
| | - Stephan Becker
- Institut für Virologie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 2, 35043, Marburg, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (DZIF) at the Partner Site Gießen-Marburg-Langen, Germany
| | - Roland K Hartmann
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marbacher Weg 6, 35037, Marburg, Germany
| | - Arnold Grünweller
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marbacher Weg 6, 35037, Marburg, Germany.
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Pourgonabadi S, Müller HD, Mendes JR, Gruber R. Saliva initiates the formation of pro-inflammatory macrophages in vitro. Arch Oral Biol 2016; 73:295-301. [PMID: 27825074 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2016.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Saliva can support oral wound healing, a process that requires a temporary inflammatory reaction. We have reported previously that saliva provokes a strong inflammatory response in oral fibroblasts. Bone marrow cells also give rise to macrophages, a heterogeneous subset of cell population involved in wound healing. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interleukin 4 (IL-4) induce activation of pro-(M1), and anti-(M2) inflammatory macrophages, respectively. Yet, the impact of saliva on programming bone marrow cells into either M1 or M2 macrophages remains unclear . DESIGN Herein, we examined whether sterile saliva affects the in vitro process of macrophage polarization based on murine bone marrow cultures and RAW264.7 mouse macrophages. RESULTS We report that sterile saliva, similar to lipopolysaccharides, provoked a robust activation of the M1 phenotype which is characterized by a strong increase of the respective genes IL-12 and IL-6, based on a real-time gene expression analysis, and for IL-6 with immunoassay. Arginase-1 and Ym1, both genes characteristic for the M2 phenotype, were not considerably modulated by saliva. Inhibition of TLR4 signaling with TAK-242, blocking NFκB signaling with Bay 11-7085, but also autoclaving saliva greatly reduced the development of the M1 phenotype. CONCLUSION These data suggest that saliva activates the TLR4 dependent polarization into pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solmaz Pourgonabadi
- Department of Oral Biology, Dental School, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Heinz-Dieter Müller
- Department of Oral Biology, Dental School, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Preventive, Restorative and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - João Rui Mendes
- Department of Oral Biology, Dental School, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Reinhard Gruber
- Department of Oral Biology, Dental School, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Preventive, Restorative and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Switzerland; Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Austria.
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