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Jin J, Xu F, Zhang Y, Guan J, Fu J. Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury is probably due to the excessive production of mitochondrial ROS caused by the activation of 5-HT degradation system mediated by PAF receptor. Mol Immunol 2023; 155:27-43. [PMID: 36682136 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2023.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
AIM Previously, we revealed a crucial role of 5-HT degradation system (5DS), consisting of 5-HT2A receptor (5-HT2AR), 5-HT synthases and monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A), in ischemia-reperfusion (IR)-caused organ injury. Whereas, platelet activating factor receptor (PAFR) also mediates myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI). Here, we try to clarify the relationship between 5DS and PAFR in mediating MIRI. METHODS H9c2 cell injury and rat MIRI were caused by hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) or PAF, and by ligating the left anterior descending coronary artery then untying, respectively. 5-HT2AR and PAFR antagonists [sarpogrelate hydrochloride (SH) and BN52021], MAO-A, AKT, mTOR and 5-HT synthase inhibitors (clorgyline, perifosine, rapamycin and carbidopa), and gene-silencing PKCε were used in experiments RESULTS: The mitochondrial ROS production, respiratory chain damage, inflammation, apoptosis and myocardial infarction were significantly prevented by BN52021, SH and clorgyline in H/R and PAF-treated cells and in IR myocardium. BN52021 also significantly suppressed the upregulation of PAFR, 5-HT2AR, 5-HT synthases and MAO-A expression (mRNA and protein), and Gαq and PKCε (in plasmalemma) expression induced by H/R, PAF or IR; the effects of SH were similar to that of BN52021 except for no affecting the expression of PAFR and 5-HT2AR. Gene-silencing PKCε suppressed H/R and PAF-induced upregulation of 5-HT synthases and MAO-A expression in cells; perifosine and rapamycin had not such effects; however, clorgyline suppressed H/R and PAF-induced phosphorylation of AKT and mTOR. CONCLUSION MIRI is probably due to PAFR-mediated 5-HT2AR activation, which further activates PKCε-mediated 5-HT synthesis and degradation, leading to mitochondrial ROS production.
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Ausili A, Corbalán-García S, Gómez-Fernández JC. The binding of different model membranes with PKCε C2 domain is not dependent on membrane curvature but affects the sequence of events during unfolding. Arch Biochem Biophys 2021; 705:108910. [PMID: 33991498 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2021.108910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The C2 domain of novel protein kinases C (nPKC) binds to membranes in a Ca2+-independent way contributing to the activation of these enzymes. We have studied the C2 domain of one of these nPKCs, namely PKCε, and confirmed that it establishes a strong interaction with POPA, which is clearly visible through changes in chemical shifts detected through 31P-MAS-NMR and the protection that it exerts on the domain against thermal denaturation seen through DSC and FT-IR. In this study, using two-dimensional correlation analysis (2D-COS) applied to infrared spectra, we determined the sequence of events that occur during the thermal unfolding of the domain and highlighted some differences when phosphatidic acid or cardiolipin are present. Finally, by means of FRET and DLS experiments, we wanted to determine the effect of membrane curvature on the domain/membrane interaction by using lysophosphatidylcholine to introduce positive curvature as a control and we observed that the effect of these phospholipids on the protein binding is not exerted through the change of membrane curvature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Ausili
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular (A), Facultad de Veterinaria, International Campus of Excellence Mare Nostrum, Universidad de Murcia, Apartado. 4021, E-30100, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Senena Corbalán-García
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular (A), Facultad de Veterinaria, International Campus of Excellence Mare Nostrum, Universidad de Murcia, Apartado. 4021, E-30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Juan C Gómez-Fernández
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular (A), Facultad de Veterinaria, International Campus of Excellence Mare Nostrum, Universidad de Murcia, Apartado. 4021, E-30100, Murcia, Spain
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Xu J, Wu S, Wang J, Wang J, Yan Y, Zhu M, Zhang D, Jiang C, Liu T. Oxidative stress induced by NOX2 contributes to neuropathic pain via plasma membrane translocation of PKCε in rat dorsal root ganglion neurons. J Neuroinflammation 2021; 18:106. [PMID: 33952299 PMCID: PMC8101139 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-021-02155-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 2 (NOX2)-induced oxidative stress, including the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and hydrogen peroxide, plays a pivotal role in neuropathic pain. Although the activation and plasma membrane translocation of protein kinase C (PKC) isoforms in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons have been implicated in multiple pain models, the interactions between NOX2-induced oxidative stress and PKC remain unknown. Methods A spared nerve injury (SNI) model was established in adult male rats. Pharmacologic intervention and AAV-shRNA were applied locally to DRGs. Pain behavior was evaluated by Von Frey tests. Western blotting and immunohistochemistry were performed to examine the underlying mechanisms. The excitability of DRG neurons was recorded by whole-cell patch clamping. Results SNI induced persistent NOX2 upregulation in DRGs for up to 2 weeks and increased the excitability of DRG neurons, and these effects were suppressed by local application of gp91-tat (a NOX2-blocking peptide) or NOX2-shRNA to DRGs. Of note, the SNI-induced upregulated expression of PKCε but not PKC was decreased by gp91-tat in DRGs. Mechanical allodynia and DRG excitability were increased by ψεRACK (a PKCε activator) and reduced by εV1-2 (a PKCε-specific inhibitor). Importantly, εV1-2 failed to inhibit SNI-induced NOX2 upregulation. Moreover, the SNI-induced increase in PKCε protein expression in both the plasma membrane and cytosol in DRGs was attenuated by gp91-tat pretreatment, and the enhanced translocation of PKCε was recapitulated by H2O2 administration. SNI-induced upregulation of PKCε was blunted by phenyl-N-tert-butylnitrone (PBN, an ROS scavenger) and the hydrogen peroxide catalyst catalase. Furthermore, εV1-2 attenuated the mechanical allodynia induced by H2O2 Conclusions NOX2-induced oxidative stress promotes the sensitization of DRGs and persistent pain by increasing the plasma membrane translocation of PKCε. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12974-021-02155-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xu
- Center for Experimental Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Shinan Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Junfei Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jianmei Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yi Yan
- Department of Pain Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Mengye Zhu
- Department of Pain Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Daying Zhang
- Department of Pain Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Changyu Jiang
- Jisheng Han Academician Workstation for Pain Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518052, Guangdong, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Center for Experimental Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China. .,Department of Pediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China. .,Jisheng Han Academician Workstation for Pain Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518052, Guangdong, China.
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Sun HJ, Wang SS, Li XY, Du JY, Fang JQ, Fang JF. [Advances of researches on peripheral PKCε pathway during transformation from acute to chronic pain and possibility of application of electroacupuncture intervention]. Zhen Ci Yan Jiu 2019; 44:543-547. [PMID: 31368289 DOI: 10.13702/j.1000-0607.180542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Protein kinase Cε (PKCε) is a transforming oncogene and plays an important role in many cellular processing. In the present paper, we review the development of experimental researches on the acute-chronic pain transformation. Results indicated that prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) / EP1 receptor-Gq-PKCε is an important signaling pathway to modulate chronic pain in peripheral dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons, and also plays a role in the later stage of hyperalgesia during transformation from acute to chronic pain. PKCε in DRG neurons induces mechanical and thermal hypersensitivity respectively by over expression of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) and TRP ankyrin-1 (TRPA1), further mediating the transformation from acute to chronic pain. Whereas, PGE2-evoked activation of EP1-Gq-PKCε signaling may be the key link in initiating the pain translation process through regulating downstream TRPA1 and TRPV1. Electroacupuncture (EA) has been used to effectively relieving various types of acute and chronic pain for decades, and can significantly inhibit the expression of PKCε and its upstream and downstream molecules. Therefore, it can be inferred that there exists a possibility of EA interventions in interfering the transformation from acute to chronic pain by regulating peripheral PKCε signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Ju Sun
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Si-Si Wang
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Li
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Jun-Ying Du
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Jian-Qiao Fang
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Jun-Fan Fang
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
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Wang SS, Sun HJ, Du JY, Fang JQ, Fang JF. [Effect of Electroacupuncture on Pain Transition and Content of Protein Kinase Cε in Dorsal Root Ganglia in Hyperalgesia Rats]. Zhen Ci Yan Jiu 2019; 43:677-81. [PMID: 30585462 DOI: 10.13702/j.1000-0607.180212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To observe the effect of electroacupuncture (EA)on mechanical pain transition and content of protein kinase C epsilon(PKCε)in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) in inflammatory articular pain rats,so as to explore its peripheral mechanism underlying relieving transition from acute to chronic pain. METHODS 1)In the first part of the present study,male SD rats were equally randomized into blank control,sham hyperalgesic priming(HP), and real HP groups(n=6 in each). The HP model was established by subcutaneous injection of 1% carrageenan (100 µL) into the left hind paw (the first injection),followed by injection of PGE 2 (100 ng/25 µL, the second injection) into the dorsum pedis of the same hind paw 7 days after the first injection. The mechanical withdrawal threshold (MWT) of the ipsilateral paw was detected before and 4, 24, 48, 72 h, and 7 d after the first injection,and 1, 4, 24 and 48 h after the second injection. 2) In the second part,SD rats were randomly divided into sham-HP,real HP,sham-EA and EA groups(n=6 in each). The sham-HP and HP models were made in the same way as those in the first part. Bilateral "Zusanli"(ST 36)and "Kunlun"(BL 60)were punctured with filiform needles and also stimulated with electrical current:2 Hz/100 Hz,0.5-1.5 mA(0.5 mA increase per 10 min)for 30 min,1 time/d from the 1st carrageenan injection on till the end of the experiments. PKCε protein expression in the L 4-L 6 DRGs was assayed by Western blot 48 h after the second injection. RESULTS 1)In the first part of the study,compared with the sham-HP group,the MWT at 4, 24、48 h after carrageenan injection and 4, 24 and 48 h after PGE 2 injection were significantly decreased in the HP model group(P<0.01). 2)In the second part,compared with the HP group,the MWT at 24、48 and 72 h after carrageenan injection, and 24 and 48 h after PGE 2 injection were significantly up-regulated in the EA group(P<0.05,P<0.01). 3)The relative content of PKCε in the DRGs(L 4-L 6)was significantly higher in the HP group than in the sham-HP group(P<0.01),but considerably lower in the EA group than in the HP group (P<0.01).. CONCLUSION EA has a good effect on pain conversion in inflammatory joint pain rats,which may be related to its effect in down-regulating the PKCε level in the ipsilateral lumbar DRGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Si Wang
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Hai-Ju Sun
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Jun-Ying Du
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Jian-Qiao Fang
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Jun-Fan Fang
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou 310053, China
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Zhu Y, Di S, Hu W, Feng Y, Zhou Q, Gong B, Tang X, Liu J, Zhang W, Xi M, Jiang L, Guo C, Cao J, Fan C, Ma Z, Yang Y, Wen A. A new flavonoid glycoside (APG) isolated from Clematis tangutica attenuates myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury via activating PKCε signaling. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2016; 1863:701-711. [PMID: 28024940 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2016.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Clematis tangutica has been shown to be beneficial for the heart; however, the mechanism of this effectremains unknown. Apigenin-7-O-β-D-(-6″-p-coumaroyl)-glucopyranoside (APG) is a new flavonoid glycoside isolated from Clematis tangutica. This study investigates the effects of APG on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury (IRI). An IRI model of primary myocardial cells and mice was used in this study. Compared with the IR group, APG preconditioning is protective against IRI in primary myocardial cells and in mice hearts in a dose-dependent manner. The cardioprotective mechanisms of APG may involve a significant PKCε translocation into the mitochondria and an activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway, which respectively suppressesmitochondrial oxidative stress and inhibits apoptosis. In addition, PKCε-targeted siRNA and a PKCε specialized inhibitor (ε-V1-2) were used to inhibit PKCε expression and activity. The inhibition of PKCε reversed the cardioprotective effect of APG, with an inhibition of Nrf2/HO-1 activation and increased mitochondrial oxidative stress and cardiomyocyte apoptosis. In conclusion, PKCε activation plays an important role in the cardioprotective effects of APG. PKCε activation induced by APG preconditioning reduces mitochondrial oxidative stress and promotes Nrf2/HO-1-mediated anti-apoptosis signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanrong Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 127, Changle West Road, Xi'an 710032, China; Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321, Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shouyin Di
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169, Changle West Road, Xi'an 710032, China; Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 1, Xinsi Road, Xi'an 710038, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169, Changle West Road, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Yingda Feng
- Institute of Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169, Changle West Road, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Qing Zhou
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321, Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bing Gong
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321, Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinlong Tang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321, Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Juntian Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 127, Changle West Road, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 127, Changle West Road, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Miaomiao Xi
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 127, Changle West Road, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Lin Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 127, Changle West Road, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Chao Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 127, Changle West Road, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Jingyi Cao
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 127, Changle West Road, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Chongxi Fan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169, Changle West Road, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Zhiqiang Ma
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 1, Xinsi Road, Xi'an 710038, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321, Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Aidong Wen
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 127, Changle West Road, Xi'an 710032, China.
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Su YS, Chiu YY, Lin SY, Chen CC, Sun WH. Serotonin Receptor 2B Mediates Mechanical Hyperalgesia by Regulating Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 1. J Mol Neurosci 2015; 59:113-25. [PMID: 26635025 PMCID: PMC4851684 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-015-0693-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Serotonin [5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)], an inflammatory mediator, contributes to inflammatory pain. The presence of multiple 5-HT subtype receptors on peripheral and central nociceptors complicates the role of 5-HT in pain. Previously, we found that 5-HT2B/2C antagonist could block 5-HT-induced mechanical hyperalgesia. However, the types of neurons or circuits underlying this effect remained unsolved. Here, we demonstrate that the Gq/11-phospholipase Cβ-protein kinase Cε (PKCε) pathway mediated by 5-HT2B is involved in 5-HT-induced mechanical hyperalgesia in mice. Administration of a transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) antagonist inhibited the 5-HT-induced mechanical hyperalgesia. 5-HT injection enhanced 5-HT- and capsaicin-evoked calcium signals specifically in isolectin B4 (IB4)-negative neurons; signals were inhibited by a 5-HT2B/2C antagonist and PKCε blocker. Thus, 5-HT2B mediates 5-HT-induced mechanical hyperalgesia by regulating TRPV1 function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeu-Shiuan Su
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Jhongda Road 300, Jhongli, 32054, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yuan-Yi Chiu
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Jhongda Road 300, Jhongli, 32054, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Shih-Yuan Lin
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Jhongda Road 300, Jhongli, 32054, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chih-Cheng Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Wei-Hsin Sun
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Jhongda Road 300, Jhongli, 32054, Taiwan, Republic of China. .,Institute of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, National Central University, Jhongli, Taiwan, Republic of China. .,Center for Biotechnology and Biomedical Engineering, National Central University, Jhongli, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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