Breaking the burnout cycle: Association of dispositional mindfulness with production line workers' job burnout and the mediating role of social support and psychological empowerment

Burnout among production line workers has become an issue for their physical and mental health and for the productive efficiency of companies. However, this large group of workers has received insufficient attention, particularly in exploring how employees' dispositional factors are associated with burnout. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the association between dispositional mindfulness and job burnout and the potential mediating roles played by perceived social support and psychological empowerment. Participants in the study included 780 production line workers recruited from a foreign company in China. Participants completed measures related to dispositional mindfulness, perceived social support, psychological empowerment, and job burnout. The results showed that (a) dispositional mindfulness was significantly related to lower burnout (β = -0.446, 95% CI [-0.552, -0.340]); (b) perceived social support (β = -0.073, 95% CI [-0.126, -0.025]) and psychological empowerment (β = -0.106, 95% CI [-0.171, -0.058]) mediated this association individually; and (c) perceived social support and psychological empowerment had a serial mediating effect in this context (β = -0.055, 95% CI [-0.095, -0.028]). This study revealed the association between dispositional mindfulness and job burnout, with an additional focus on how dispositional mindfulness correlates with other resources, such as perceived social support and psychological empowerment.

A roadmap to SDGs-emergence of technological innovation and infrastructure development for social progress and mobility

The goal of this study was to conduct a thorough investigation on understanding how infrastructure growth and technological innovation affect social mobility and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This study aimed to illuminate the underlying mechanisms by exploring the mediating function of psychological empowerment and the moderating impact of community satisfaction. The study carefully chose a sizeable sample of 370 connected to the mega project CPEC. Data collection was carried out using a questionnaire-based approach. Notably, the study confirmed the large and favorable influence of technical innovation and infrastructural development on both the SDGs-13 (climate change) and social mobility. Furthermore, this study provided light on the critical function of environmental impacts identifying it as an important mediating mechanism that magnifies the effects of innovation and infrastructure on long-term development outcomes. It gives decision-makers in government, business, international organizations, and local communities useful information by offering empirical data and insights. This study offers a novel perspective and explores the relationship between infrastructure growth, technological innovation, social mobility, and SDGs-13-climate change. It uncovers the pivotal roles of psychological empowerment and community satisfaction, offering fresh insights into global development strategies influencing SDGs.

The impact of empowering and transformational leadership on innovative behaviour: the mediating role of psychological empowerment in health-care sector

PURPOSE

The purpose of this study was to test a four-variable research model using organizational behavior, social and technical systems, and leadership theories. This study set out to determine how different leadership philosophies, such as transformational leadership and empowering leadership, affected innovation. In addition, the model's mediating role for psychological empowerment was quantified.

DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH

This study used a quantitative approach, which is primarily a questionnaire, to gather information from 320 health-care sector workers at four public hospitals in the Basrah Governorate.

FINDINGS

The majority of the relationships in the research model were shown to be positive by data analysis outcomes. The findings also showed how crucial the mediating variable was in preserving the link between the independent and dependent variables. Discussions were made on the theoretical and practical ramifications and suggestions for additional research.

ORIGINALITY/VALUE

This study concentrated on the application of contemporary leadership styles, gathered information on them and combined them into a single model to boost innovation. This study, which was conducted in the setting of the Iraqi health-care industry, stands out from previous studies because it used a large sample to provide conclusive and significant results, making it a valuable resource for academicians who seek to cultivate innovation.

Beyond the universal perception: Unveiling the paradoxical impact of ethical leadership on employees' unethical pro-organizational behavior

Ethical leadership, widely recognized as a positive leadership style, has shown inconsistent relationships with employees' unethical pro-organizational behavior in the workplace. This study draws on the social cognitive theory to investigate the paradoxical impact of ethical leadership on employees' unethical pro-organizational behavior. It also examines the mediating role of employees' psychological empowerment and the moderating effect of moral identity. The study collects data from 515 nursing staff working in public and private hospitals in Pakistan at three different time intervals, and analyzed using PLS SEM. Contrary to the previous studies and our initial hypothesis, the findings reveal a positive relationship between ethical leadership and employees' unethical pro-organizational behavior. Additionally, the study demonstrates that employees' psychological empowerment positively mediates the relationship between ethical leadership and employees' unethical pro-organizational behavior. This underscores the significance of employees' psychological processes. Furthermore, the relationship between ethical leadership and employees' psychological empowerment is moderated by employees' moral identity. This highlights the role of the individual differences in shaping employees' behavior within the workplace. Overall, these results challenge the universal perception of ethical leadership as a positive form of leadership, shedding light on the unintended consequences and paradoxical impact it can have in organizations.

The relationship between perceived management commitment to safety, psychological empowerment, and safety performance among emergency nurses in Jordan

PURPOSE

Nurses are susceptible to unfavorable effects of workplace accidents and injuries, therefore, perceived management commitment to safety and psychological empowerment can help nurses to participate in safety measures and adhere to safety performance. Thus, this study aimed to examine the relationship between perceived management commitment to safety, psychological empowerment, and safety performance among emergency nurses in Jordan.

METHODS

A cross-sectional, descriptive correlational design was used and 306 registered nurses working in the emergency department in Jordanian governmental hospitals were recruited. A self-structured questionnaire consisting of the perceived management commitment to safety scale, psychological empowerment scale, and safety performance scale was used to collect data during the period from July 2022 to August 2022.

RESULTS

The findings demonstrated that the levels of study variables revealed as follows: the perceived management commitment to safety mean was 3.1 (SD = 0.66) out of 5, which indicated an acceptable level, the mean score of psychological empowerment was 5.37 (SD = 0.94) out of 7, which reflected that the nurses perceived the work environment to be psychologically empowered, and the mean score for safety performance was 4.02 (SD = 0.56) out of 5, which indicated an acceptable level of safety performance among the participants, and the mean for subscales (safety compliance and participation) was 4.07 (SD = 0.57) and 3.93 (SD = 0.69) out of 5, respectively. Also, there was a positive correlation between safety performance and perceived management commitment to safety (r = 0.334, p < 0.001), and psychological empowerment (r = 0.592, p < 0.001).

CONCLUSION

It is necessary to implement continuous interventions centered on empowering emergency nurses psychologically, which has a positive effect on safety performance. Given management's commitment to safety as a priority topic of discussion at group meetings creating a work environment that encourages nurses' safety performance should be encouraged.

The mediating effect of job satisfaction and emotional exhaustion on the relationship between psychological empowerment and turnover intention among Chinese nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study

BACKGROUND

Turnover intention occurs frequently in nurses and psychological empowerment has been shown to be major factors that influence turnover intention. However, little is known about the driving force behind turnover intention among nurses in China during the COVID-19 pandemic.

OBJECTIVES

To investigate the mediating role of job satisfaction and emotional exhaustion on the association between psychological empowerment and turnover intention among Chinese nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic.

METHODS

A cross-sectional design was conducted in China. A total of 507 nurses completed scales of psychological empowerment, job satisfaction, emotional exhaustion and turnover intention anonymously. Descriptive analysis, Pearson's correlation analysis in SPSS 23.0 and structural equation modeling (SEM) by Mplus 7.4 RESULTS: Psychological empowerment had a significantly effect on turnover intention through three significantly indirect pathways: (1) through job satisfaction (B = -0.14, SE = .03, 95% CI = [-.19, -.09]). (2) through emotional exhaustion (B = -0.07, SE = .02, 95% CI = [-.11, -.03]). (3) through the chain mediating effect of "job satisfaction → emotional exhaustion" (B = -0.12, SE = .02, 95% CI = [-.16, -.09]).

CONCLUSIONS

Intervention measures to reduce the incidence of turnover intention of nurses should include the evaluations of work demands and emotional exhaustion of nurses and organization's management strategies to promote their psychological empowerment and job satisfaction.

Empowered to Stay Active: Psychological Empowerment, Retirement Timing, and Later Life Work

Motivating older employees both to prolong their working lives and to stay active even after retirement has become increasingly important due to rising old-age dependency ratios. Later life work-including both paid work and volunteering-has thus become an important topic for scholars and practitioners. We aim to extend research on later life work by hypothesizing that psychological empowerment at work increases not only desired and actual retirement ages but also levels of later life work. Second, we test differential effects of psychological empowerment on later life work, expecting it to be more strongly related to paid work after retirement (i.e., bridge employment) than to volunteering. Third, we suggest that the relationship between psychological empowerment and bridge employment depends on the employees' level of physical limitations. We used data from a longitudinal panel study in Germany in which structured telephone interviews were conducted. A sample of older individuals who had retired between two waves of measurement was drawn (time lag: three years; n = 210). The results of a path analysis support the postulated mediation. Furthermore, as expected, psychological empowerment more accurately predicted bridge employment than volunteering, and physical limitations moderated the relationship between psychological empowerment and bridge employment. Lastly, additional analyses on the individual empowerment facets revealed that only the competence facet played a significant role in the proposed hypotheses. Overall, our findings suggest that psychological empowerment may help to increase older employees' motivation to delay retirement and to stay active even after retirement.

Does inclusive leadership influence task performance of hospitality industry employees? Role of psychological empowerment and trust in leader

Drawing on the social exchange theory, this research advances the understanding of leadership and task performance in the hospitality industry in China by exploring the impact of inclusive leadership on the task performance of subordinates working in dyadic forms. The current literature is scarce on the role of leadership in increasing the task performance of employees working in teams in dyadic forms. Multi-level sample of 410 leaders-subordinates in the hospitality industry was used to derive the research findings using PLS-SEM. The results indicated a positive influence of inclusive leadership on the task performance of subordinates. Psychological empowerment mediated this direct relationship. In addition, trust in leaders strengthened the direct link of inclusive leadership with task performance and psychological empowerment. The findings demonstrate that leaders in the hospitality industry should adopt an inclusive leadership style as it contributes to employee task performance, which improves the industry's performance.

The mediating effect of psychological empowerment on the relationship between work environment and clinical decision-making among midwives: a multicentre cross-sectional study

BACKGROUND

Clinical decision-making is considered an essential behaviour in clinical practice. However, no research has been done to examine the associations among midwives' clinical decision-making, work environment and psychological empowerment. Thus, this study aimed to determine the influence of work environment on midwives' clinical decision-making and confirm the mediating role of psychological empowerment.

METHOD

This study was designed as a multicentre cross-sectional study, and included 602 registered midwives from 25 public hospitals in China. A sociodemographic questionnaire, Work Environment Scale, Psychological Empowerment Scale and Clinical decision-making Scale were applied. A structural equation model was conducted to estimate the hypothesis model of the clinical decision-making among midwives and explore the potential mediating mechanism of midwives' clinical decision-making. This model was employed maximum likelihood estimation method and bootstrapping to examine the statistical significance.

RESULTS

The mean score of clinical decision-making among midwives was 143.03 ± 14.22, at an intermediate level. The data of this hypothesis model fitted well, and the results showed that work environment positively affected psychological empowerment, which in turn positively affected clinical decision-making; psychological empowerment partly mediated the relationship between work environment and clinical decision-making among midwives.

CONCLUSIONS

Midwives' clinical decision-making could be promoted directly or indirectly by providing a healthy work environment and improving psychological empowerment. It is essential for hospital managers to pay attention to the assessment of the midwives' work environment and actively improve it, such as establishing a supportive, fair and just workplace, and maintaining effective communication with midwives. Furthermore, managers can also promote midwives' clinical decision-making behaviour by enhancing their psychological empowerment via enhancing job autonomy.

Psychological empowerment and job crafting among registered nurses working in public health: A quantitative study

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES

The researchers examine the relationship between two variables related to work meaningfulness and engagement - psychological empowerment and job crafting - among Ontario registered nurses working in public health.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

This quantitative, cross-sectional study was conducted in Ontario, Canada with registered nurses (n = 238) from six randomly selected health units. Registered nurses provided quantitative ratings of their psychological empowerment and job crafting behaviours in an online, confidential, anonymous survey. Data analyses included descriptive statistics, correlations, multiple and hierarchical regressions, and independent samples t-tests.

RESULTS

Significant, positive relationships were observed between overall scores for psychological empowerment and job crafting (r = 0.50, n = 238, p < .01) and for each of their dimensions. Region, age, job, and public health experience explained 26 % of the variance in overall psychological empowerment; job crafting accounted for an additional 24 % of variance. Region and public health experience moderated the relationship between psychological empowerment and job crafting.

DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS

Registered nurses working in public health experience empowerment when they engage in job crafting. Nurse managers and educators can support and promote job crafting by nurses who are willing to engage and make their jobs more meaningful. What is already known about this topic?

WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS

Leadership Practices as Perceived by Emergency Nurses During the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Role of Structural and Psychological Empowerment

INTRODUCTION

To our knowledge, no studies have explored leadership practices in relation to structural and psychological empowerment among nurses during COVID-19. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine those relationships in Jordanian nurses working in emergency departments during the COVID-19 pandemic.

METHODS

A descriptive, correlational cross-sectional design was used in this study. The participants were emergency nurses working at 3 large hospitals in Jordan. The participants were surveyed via an online questionnaire between September 2021 and January 2022. A total of 3 valid scales were included in the questionnaire to assess the nurses' clinical leadership practices in relation to perceived structural and psychological empowerment.

RESULTS

A total of 193 emergency nurses were surveyed, of which 116 participants (60.1%) were male, and their average age was 29.64 (SD 4.74) years. Nurses had a moderate level of clinical leadership practices 12.50 (SD 1.65), moderate level of perceived structural empowerment 3.67 (SD 0.44), and a high-moderate level of perceived psychological empowerment 5.96 (SD 0.65). Clinical leadership practices were shown to have a significant positive relationship with structural (r = 0.65; P < .01) and psychological (r = 0.74; P < .01) empowerment. Predictors of clinical leadership practices of the Jordanian emergency nurses during COVID-19 were ranked in order of significance; structural and psychological empowerments were the highest significant predictors. However, patient to nurse ratio (>6 patients/nurse) was the lowest significant predictor.

DISCUSSION

Although structural and psychological empowerments play a pivotal role in predicting the leadership practices of the emergency nurses in Jordan, the nurses should enhance their leadership style for better management and effective communication during critical situations such as pandemics.

Clinical nurses' moral courage and related factors: an empowerment perspective

BACKGROUND

Moral courage as part of the moral competence of nurses has received increasing attention. Determination of the factors affecting moral courage is important in improving the quality of care. The purpose of this study was to investigate moral courage and related factors among frontline nurses from an empowerment perspective.

METHODS

A cross-sectional study was conducted using data collection instruments comprising four main parts: the self-designed form of demographic characteristics, Conditions for Work Effectiveness II (CWEQ-II), Spreitzer's Psychological Empowerment Scale (PES) and Nurses' Moral Courage Scale (NMCS). Data were collected from 226 nurses in a tertiary hospital between February and March 2022 in Wuhan, the capital city of Hubei Province in central China. Descriptive statistics and multiple linear regression were used to analyze the data.

RESULTS

The means of the total scores for the CWEQ-II, PES and the NMCS were 3.52 (SD = 0.69), 3.85 (SD = 0.53) and 3.90 (SD = 0.67), respectively. All the dimensions and the total scores of the CWEQ-II and PES were significantly correlated with the NMCS (p < 0.001). According to the multivariate stepwise regression analysis, CWEQ-II and PES were determined to be factors affecting NMCS. These variables explained 35.9% of the total variance in the moral courage scores of nurses.

CONCLUSION

The level of moral courage among nurses is above average. Structural empowerment and psychological empowerment were the key factors affecting the promotion of moral courage. Hospital and organizational administrations should be conscious of the role of attach structural empowerment and psychological empowerment in the nursing workplace in increasing moral courage.

The power of moving fast: responsible leadership, psychological empowerment and workforce agility in energy sector firms

The energy sector is undergoing significant transformation induced by environmental changes and increasing pressure from stakeholder groups. In order to quickly seize opportunities in the unpredictable contemporary business environment, leaders increasingly face the challenge of ensuring an appropriate level of organisational agility, achieved through workforce agility. In striving to achieve workforce agility, responsible leaders should consider the intrinsic motivation oriented towards work, how it affects a team's performance, and the level of its involvement. Based on studies that combine leadership, empowerment, and agility, we analyse whether and how responsible leadership and psychological empowerment support workforce agility in the energy sector firms. Using structural equation modelling, we analyse data gathered from a group of 187 managers and experts. The results support a hypothesised relationship between leadership focused on responsible management, psychological empowerment, and workforce agility. The survey reveals that a combination of responsible leadership and psychological empowerment affects workforce agility.

Clinicians' psychological empowerment to engage in management as part of their daily work

PURPOSE

The purpose of the article is to analyze how physicians and nurses, as the two major health care professions, experience psychological empowerment for managerial work.

DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH

The study was designed as a qualitative interview study at four primary care centers (PCCs) in Sweden. In total, 47 interviews were conducted, mainly with physicians and nurses. The first inductive analysis led us to the concept of psychological empowerment, which was used in the next deductive step of the analysis.

FINDINGS

The study showed that both professions experienced self-determination for managerial work, but that nurses were more dependent on structural empowerment. Nurses experienced that they had competence for managerial work, whereas physicians were more ignorant of such competence. Nurses used managerial work to create impact on the conditions for their clinical work, whereas physicians experienced impact independently. Both nurses and physicians experienced managerial work as meaningful, but less meaningful than nurses and physicians' clinical work.

PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS

For an effective health care system, structural changes in terms of positions, roles, and responsibilities can be an important route for especially nurses' psychological empowerment.

ORIGINALITY/VALUE

The qualitative method provided a complementary understanding of psychological empowerment on how psychological empowerment interacted with other factors. One such aspect was nurses' higher dependence on structural empowerment, but the most important aspect was that both physicians and nurses experienced that managerial work was less meaningful than clinical work. This implies that psychological empowerment for managerial work may only make a difference if psychological empowerment does not compete with physicians' and nurses' clinical work.

Motivating members' involvement to effectually conduct collaborative software process tailoring

Contemporary business and software environments are highly competitive and rapidly evolving, resulting in software projects that are highly customized and changeable during development. Therefore, software process tailoring (SPT) is important as software teams conduct SPT to adjust shared development processes and evolve the project to better meet unique and dynamic needs. SPT is a special type of teamwork in which members' active participation and critical input are necessary for understanding and synthesizing various business and technical concerns that may be divergent and conflictual and then jointly identifying an integrated tailoring solution. In this context, this study examines members' decisive and critical involvement in SPT and adopts a motivational perspective to explore how motivation can facilitate SPT performance. Specifically, we use empowerment theory to develop a model to theorize and examine how psychological empowerment (PE) in terms of meaningfulness, autonomy, potency, and impact motivates software teams to efficiently and effectively conduct SPT. The model also considers the power distance (PD) to understand how it functions in team-based critical thinking and decisional processes to energize team members' participative effort. The investigation surveyed 102 software development teams and used partial least squares (PLS) to analyze the data. The results show that PE in terms of the four components has various influences on SPT performance and that PD has nonsignificant moderating effects. This study contributes to the software engineering literature by uncovering the contextual mechanism underlying the relationship between PE and PD in SPT. The limitations and possible extensions of this study are also outlined for future research.

Structural and psychological empowerment of students obtaining continuing leadership education in Finland-a national survey

BACKGROUND

In nursing, empowerment may be deemed one's potential to gain power, achieve goals and promote one's skills to advance positive changes in the working environment, or decentralization of authority. Empowerment is associated with nurses' and nurse leaders' satisfaction, performance and organizational commitment, as well as burnout, emotional exhaustion and intentions to leave the profession. Research on nurse empowerment in relation to continuing education is sparse.

OBJECTIVES

This study describes the structural and psychological empowerment levels of students beginning a collaboratively implemented continuing leadership education program.

DESIGN

Cross-sectional electronic survey.

SETTINGS

National, continuing nursing leadership education program (37 ECT) organized by five universities that provide masters level education to nurse leaders in Finland.

PARTICIPANTS

Students (N = 85) working at nine healthcare organizations across the service system as current or prospective nurse leaders and enrolled in the continuing leadership education program.

METHODS

The Conditions of Work Effectiveness Questionnaire and the Work Empowerment Questionnaire were each used to measure structural and psychological empowerment, respectively. The data were collected between October 2019 and February 2020.

RESULTS

A total of 69 students participated (response rate 81 %). Moderate levels of both structural and psychological empowerment were observed. In structural empowerment, the strongest dimension was access to opportunity (4.1, SD 0.7), whereas access to support was the weakest (2.7, SD 0.7). The strongest psychological empowerment dimension was verbal empowerment (8.5, SD 1.9) and the weakest was outcome empowerment (7.0, SD 1.6).

CONCLUSIONS

Nurses and nurse leaders seem to lack the status and power required to impact their organizations, possibly causing them to apply for nursing leadership education. Nurse leaders should be given opportunities for continuing leadership education to improve empowerment and, as a result, staff outcomes.

Effect of humble leadership on proactive work behavior: The mediating role of psychological empowerment among nurses

AIM

This study was designed to determine the effect of humble leadership on nurses' proactive behaviors at work through psychological empowerment.

BACKGROUND

Nurse leaders' humility has a profound effect on enhancing nurses' proactive work behavior; yet, the mechanism underlying this pattern of effect remains unknown.

METHODS

A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in all nine Universal Health Insurance hospitals in Port Said, Egypt. Using scales for assessing leader humility, sychological empowerment, and proactive behavior at work, 316 nurses were surveyed. Regression analyses and structural equation models were used to examine the study hypothetical model.

RESULTS

The results revealed that humble leadership, psychological empowerment, and proactive work behavior were significantly positively correlated. Psychological empowerment fully mediated the relationship between humble leadership and proactive work behavior.

CONCLUSION

This study emphasized the value of humble leadership in psychologically empowering nurses, which results in greater proactive work behavior.

IMPLICATION FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT

Nurse managers should lead their nursing staff with humility, which could increase the level of nurses' psychological empowerment and proactive behaviors at work, which will be reflected positively on the staffs and the organization.

Critical Consciousness and Wellbeing in Adolescents and Young Adults: A Systematic Review

Youth experiencing systemic oppression(s) face heightened challenges to wellbeing. Critical consciousness, comprised of reflection, motivation, and action against oppression, may protect wellbeing. Wellbeing here refers to mental, socioemotional, and physical health. The aim of this systematic review was to synthesize research on the relationship between critical consciousness and wellbeing among adolescents and young adults (ages 12-29). Five databases (PsycInfo, PsychArticles, ERIC, Sociological Abstracts, and PubMed) were searched systematically using keyword searches and inclusion/exclusion criteria; 29 eligible studies were included. Results demonstrated that the critical consciousness and wellbeing relationship varied by critical consciousness dimension and age. The studies of adolescents most often focused on racial/ethnic marginalization and found critical motivation most strongly associated with better wellbeing. The studies of young adults focused on young adult college students and identified mixed results specifically between activism and mental health. Study methods across age spans were primarily quantitative and cross-sectional. Research on critical consciousness and wellbeing can benefit from studies that consider multiple critical consciousness dimensions, use longitudinal approaches, and include youth experiencing multiple and intersecting systems of privilege and marginalization.

Chinese nurses' innovation capacity: The influence of inclusive leadership, empowering leadership and psychological empowerment

AIM

To explore the relationships between inclusive leadership, empowering leadership, nurses' perceived psychological empowerment and nurses' innovation capacity.

BACKGROUND

Innovation capacity is essential for nurses to adapt to the changing healthcare environment. However, the current knowledge of nurses' innovation capacity and its' relationships between inclusive leadership, empowering leadership and psychological empowerment is limited.

METHODS

A cross-sectional survey using a convenience sample was conducted among 1355 nurses in ten hospitals in Tianjin, China. The data was analyzed by correlation analysis, univariate analysis and PROCESS macro.

RESULTS

High inclusive leadership, empowering leadership and high psychological empowerment were associated with high innovation capacity. The total effect of inclusive leadership and empowering leadership on innovation capacity through psychological empowerment was significant, with their indirect effects accounting for 69.19% and 61.29% of the total effect respectively.

CONCLUSIONS

To cultivate nurses' innovation capacity, the development of inclusive leadership, empowering leadership and psychological empowerment is important.

IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT

This research highlights the importance of inclusive leadership and empowering leadership to foster nurses' innovation capacity. Understanding the mediating role of psychological empowerment is expected to help nurse managers develop relevant intervention strategies to cultivate nurses' innovation capacity.

Creating the path for quality of work life: A study on nurse performance

Since March 2020, it is known that Indonesia has experienced the impact of the Corona Virus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) Pandemic, and making health workers at the forefront of potential exposure to the Covid-19 virus because they have to deal with Covid-19 patients every day during the pandemic. The purpose of this study is to focus on developing an empirical model to increase job performance in the hospital to create the right quality of work and still make the organization grow well sustainably. This study will use assistance of quality of work life, organizational commitment, job satisfaction, and psychological empowerment in creating an increase in job performance needed by nurses at the Type B Hospital in Jakarta. This study uses a quantitative approach through a questionnaire survey method conducted on nurses at 36 Type B Hospital in Jakarta, totalling 400 respondents. The sample used in this study was obtained through a purposive sampling technique with the criteria of a service period of more than 2 years. Then the data were analysed using the Structural Equation Model (SEM). Though quality of work life is found to significantly affect organizational commitment, job satisfaction and psychological empowerment, its effect on job performance found to be insignificant. Further findings will be discussed further.

Survey data on the social, personal, and work resources associated with work engagement among knowledge workers in Malaysia amid the COVID-19 pandemic

A regression analysis was conducted to assess the link between resilience, supervisor support, family and friend support, psychological empowerment, and facilitating conditions with work engagement using the Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS) 26. This data was obtained from a cross-sectional survey of 259 knowledge workers in Malaysia. Specifically, this article provides data about the participants’ demographic characteristics and the descriptive data of participants’ responses. Further, the mean, standard deviation, reliability of the measured constructs, and regression analysis model summary are provided. This dataset offers suggestions to the top management in deducing ways to increase employees’ work engagement during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Predicting positive organizational behavior based on structural and psychological empowerment among nurses

BACKGROUND

Positive Organizational Behavior (POB) as an application of positive psychology provides the opportunity to nurses to deliver an effective and high-quality service. This study aims to predict positive organizational behavior based on structural and psychological empowerment among Nurses.

METHOD

In this descriptive-analytical study, the selected population was the nurses working in university hospitals affiliated to Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, of which 152 people were selected using quota sampling strategy and according to the set entry criteria. The research data were collected using the standard questionnaires of Kanter's Structural Empowerment, Spreitzer's Psychological Empowerment, and Luthans' Positive Organizational Behavior, and were then entered into SPSS16 software.

RESULTS

There are significant and direct relationships between the elements of structural empowerment with positive organizational behavior (r = 1.496), and psychological empowerment with positive organizational behavior (r = 1.379). Overall structural and psychological empowerment criteria predict 29% of variance in positive organizational behavior among nurses.

CONCLUSION

This study highlights the importance of structural and psychological empowerment as strong predictors for positive organizational behavior.

Emotional intelligence: predictor of employees' wellbeing, quality of patient care, and psychological empowerment

BACKGROUND

The study explored the role of emotional intelligence (EI) on employees' perceived wellbeing and empowerment, as well as their performance, by measuring their quality of care.

METHODS

The baseline data for the present project was collected from 78 staff of a Victorian aged care organization in Australia. Self-administered surveys were used to assess participants' emotional intelligence, general well-being, psychological empowerment, quality of care, and demographic characteristics. The model fit was assessed using structural equation modelling by AMOS (v 24) software.

RESULTS

The evaluated model confirmed that emotional intelligence predicts the employees' psychological empowerment, wellbeing, and quality of care in a statistically significant way.

CONCLUSIONS

The current research indicates that employees with higher EI will more likely deliver a better quality of patient care. Present research extends the current knowledge of the psychological empowerment and wellbeing of employees with a particular focus on emotional intelligence as an antecedent in an under-investigated setting like aged care setting in Australia.

How to foster employee quality of life: The role of employee performance management and authentic leadership

Although employee performance management (EPM) enhances performance, the effects that these systems have on employee quality of life remain unclear. Such information is particularly relevant for 'vulnerable' workers, whose employment situation has the potential to alter their social and economic position in life. Based on data gathered from 111 leaders and 547 vulnerable workers in 36 social profit organizations, multilevel regression analysis demonstrates that EPM is related to vulnerable workers' quality of life. Moreover, authentic leadership and psychological empowerment buffer the negative relationship between EPM and vulnerable workers' quality of life. These findings imply that organizations that employ vulnerable workers need authentic leaders to foster a positive impact not only on performance through EPM but also on vulnerable workers' quality of life. In addition, organizations can also pursue vulnerable workers' psychological empowerment by providing tasks that are meaningful to them and in which they experience self-efficacy to reduce the potential negative effects of EPM on vulnerable workers' quality of life.

Empowering Features and Outcomes of Homeless Interventions: A Systematic Review and Narrative Synthesis

The purpose of this systematic review and narrative synthesis was to identify homeless interventions with empowering features and evaluate their effectiveness for developing the psychological empowerment of services users. To identify and evaluate intervention studies, we combined the theoretical frameworks of empowering settings and psychological empowerment (PE). Our conceptualization of PE included outcomes aligned with the intrapersonal, interactional, and behavioral components. Relational outcomes were also included and conceptualized as antecedents for PE development. After systematic searching and screening, 37 studies were included for review. Interventions with empowering features included supported housing, case management, skills and knowledge acquisition, and mutual support. Interventions that were competency-building effectively improved outcomes aligned with the intrapersonal PE component. Interventions that were collaborative and competency-building effectively improved outcomes aligned with the behavioral PE component. Weak evidence suggested that interventions with empowering features may effectively improve outcomes aligned with the interactional PE component. Interventions that promoted and developed support effectively improved relational antecedents. Findings align the empirical evidence for homeless interventions with theoretical conceptions of empowering features and processes. Findings may be applied to the design and implementation of homeless interventions to incorporate empowering features and to facilitate the development of homeless services users' PE. Highlights Empowerment theory was applied to review homeless interventions literature. Empowering homeless interventions included supported housing and mutual support, for example. Empowering interventions contributed to indicators of emotional and behavioral empowerment. Fewer empowering interventions contributed to indicators of cognitive empowerment. Service user involvement may facilitate improvements in indicators of psychological empowerment.

Developing clinical leadership in New Zealand hospice staff nurses

BACKGROUND

Staff nurse clinical leadership is a relatively new concept that includes the elements of collaboration, coordination, patient advocacy, and often quite autonomous decision-making required of palliative care nurses. Staff nurses need structural and psychological empowerment to develop as clinical leaders.

AIMS

The aim of this study was to establish baseline data regarding the self-perceived structural and psychological empowerment experienced by New Zealand hospice staff nurses and their ability to practise as clinical leaders.

METHODS

An explanatory sequential mixed-methods design was used, which included questionnaires measuring structural and psychological empowerment and clinical leadership behaviours and focus group discussions.

FINDINGS

Survey respondents reported that they were moderately psychologically and sometimes or rarely structurally empowered and felt that they can practise as clinical leaders most of the time. Two themes were identified from the focus groups.

CONCLUSION

New Zealand staff hospice nurses felt that-despite feeling only moderately psychologically empowered, and only sometimes or rarely structurally empowered-they practise as clinical leaders most of the time.

Moral courage and psychological empowerment among nurses

BACKGROUND

Moral courage is one of the fundamental values of nursing profession and a powerful method of coping with ethical problems. Psychological empowerment is a suitable method of enabling individuals to coping mental pressures of the work environment. This study determined the correlation between moral courage and psychological empowerment of nurses.

METHODS

This was a descriptive cross-sectional study. A total of 180 nurses employed in different wards were selected randomly. Data were collected by Demographics Questionnaire, Sekerka's Moral Courage Scale, and Spreitzer's psychological empowerment Scale and analyzed with SPSS16 using descriptive and inferential statistics.

FINDINGS

The results indicated that the mean score of moral courage was 21.11 ± 69.90 and the greatest amount of moral courage was in the dimension of "going beyond compliance". The mean score of "psychological empowerment" was 30.9 ± 73.58 and the greatest mean belonged to "competence". There was a positive significant correlation between "psychological empowerment" and "moral courage and its dimensions" (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSION

The findings suggested a correlation between moral courage and psychological empowerment. Thus, nurses' moral courage could be enhanced by reinforcing their psychological empowerment leading to increased patient satisfaction and quality care.

Workplace Spirituality and Workforce Agility: A Psychological Exploration Among Teaching Professionals

Learning organizations are in dire need of teaching professionals eager to develop and grow up fast while maintaining a positive aura around them. An agile workforce consists of upbeat, adjustable, supple, adventurous and pliant employees who perceive life optimistically and flaunt an open mind to gather wisdom for personal development; have better analytical skills; can acclimatize continuously with the changing work environment. Teachers are the soul of any academic institution, and there is an urgent need to cultivate an agile teaching workforce by assisting them to be psychologically empowered. The key purpose of the present study is to establish a relationship between workplace spirituality (WS) and workforce agility (WA) among teaching professionals. The current research article proposes a model or conceptual framework linking the components of WS, WA and psychological empowerment (PSYEMP) in educational organizations. This is an original work that proposes a model where WS has an impact upon the WA of teaching professionals through the mediating effect of PSYEMP. WS is thus an emerging paradigm for augmenting the agility of teaching workforce in educational organizations. Future implications on ways to enhance the agility of teaching professionals are further recommended.

Investigation the correlation between psychological empowerment and assertiveness in nursing and midwifery students in Iran

BACKGROUND

Assertiveness is a key skill for nurses and midwives, and should be considered in the students' education. In this regard, variables such as psychological empowerment, which may have a significant correlation with assertiveness, should be identified and studied.

OBJECTIVES

The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between psychological empowerment and assertiveness in nursing and midwifery students.

DESIGN

A cross-sectional and correlational study.

SETTINGS

/Participants: This study was carried out on 200 Iranian nursing and midwifery students.

METHODS

The students were randomly selected for the study. The study tools were The Rathus' Assertiveness Schedule and Spreitzer's Psychological Empowerment Scale. Data were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics.

FINDINGS

There was a positive and significant correlation between psychological empowerment and assertiveness. The components of meaning and self-determination had a positive and significant correlation with the assertiveness.

CONCLUSIONS

Since psychological empowerment and assertiveness in decision-making and interaction with colleagues and patients are considered as essential skills for nurses and midwives, we recommend that, required measures should be taken to promote these skills in nursing and midwifery students.

Abusive supervision and turnover intention: Mediating effects of psychological empowerment of nurses

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to determine the mediating effects of psychological empowerment on abusive supervision and turnover intention as perceived by nurses to provide information to change the status of nurse turnover.

METHODS

A cross-sectional survey (a questionnaire examining perceptions of abusive supervision, measurement of psychological empowerment, and questionnaire for turnover intention) was used to collect data. A total of 1127 clinical nurses, who were recruited through convenience sampling, participated in the survey.

RESULTS

Nurses' average perceived abusive supervision, psychological empowerment, and turnover intention scores were 1.62 ± 0.95, 3.24 ± 0.83, and 14.17 ± 3.78, respectively. Psychological empowerment was found to mediate the relationship between abusive supervision and turnover intention (P < 0.01). Turnover intention tends to be stronger and psychological empowerment reduced when nurse managers adopt an abusive leadership style.

CONCLUSIONS

Nurses' psychological empowerment is an intermediary variable that predicts the relationship between abusive supervision and turnover intention. Nurse managers should manage abusive supervision to increase nurses' psychological empowerment and decrease turnover intention.

Patient empowerment: A critique of individualism and systematic review of patient perspectives

OBJECTIVE

The purpose of this review is two-fold: 1) to broaden conceptualization of patient empowerment by synthesizing qualitative research on patient perspectives, and 2) to examine how researcher's method and background may have affected their framing of patient empowerment, thereby shaping the results.

METHODS

A systematic search for qualitative research on patient definitions of power, powerlessness, and empowerment was completed. Articles were analyzed at three levels (theory, method, and data) as suggested by the meta-study method for qualitative synthesis.

RESULTS

The search yielded 13 articles from 11 investigator teams across 9 countries (the United Kingdom, Norway, Australia, Taiwan, New Zealand, China, Iran, Belgium and Italy). Emergent themes from patient perspectives included control, psychological coping, legitimacy, support, knowledge, and participation.

CONCLUSIONS

Despite variation in diagnosis, age, ethnicity, income and country of origin, patients share many perspectives on empowerment. Furthermore, there are indications that interview questions may have influenced findings such that structural barriers to empowerment were not deeply explored.

PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS

This review provides knowledge that can be of direct use to medical professionals who aim to increase patient empowerment (via findings on patient perspectives) and to researchers who can use the critical appraisal of past work to improve future research on this topic.

Correlates of structural empowerment, psychological empowerment and emotional exhaustion among registered nurses: A meta-analysis

OBJECTIVE

To conduct a meta-analysis on the relationship between structural empowerment, psychological empowerment and burnout for registered nurses.

METHODS

Cross-sectional studies that focused on the correlation between burnout, structural empowerment and psychological empowerment of nurses from 1990 to date were searched in Cochrane Library, Web of Science, BMJ, Elsevier, PubMed and CNKI databases. Two reviewers conducted critical appraisal, and extracted correlation coefficient (r) values. Tests of heterogeneity (Q-statistic) were performed to investigate the effect sizes.

RESULT

Twenty-four studies met the inclusion criteria. For registered nurses, the results of the meta-analysis indicated that there were weak relationship between structural empowerment and emotional exhaustion (r = -0.2450). In addition, there was a low correlation between structural empowerment and emotional exhaustion (r = -0.4301). However, a moderate relationship was seen between structural empowerment and psychological empowerment (r = 0.5717).

CONCLUSION

These results are considered useful guides for hospital managers and nursing professionals in formulating policies and regulations aimed at decreasing emotional exhaustion among nurses.

The effect of organizational and personal variables on the ability to practice compassionately

BACKGROUND

Nursing governing bodies assert that compassion is essential to nursing practice. Despite the relevance compassion has in nursing, and ample theoretical literature, until now, there has been little empirical work conducted to examine the nature of compassion in nursing and how the expression of compassion in nursing practice may be affected.

OBJECTIVES

This study aimed to examine the personal and organizational variables that might affect nurses' ability to practice with compassion.

DESIGN

A predictive, non-experimental cross-sectional design was used to explore the relationships amongst the variables of structural and psychological empowerment, inter-professional collaboration, and compassion.

PARTICIPANTS

191 registered nurses of any age, with any length of experience, in any inpatient or outpatient unit, in any hospital (community, long term care, and teaching) with any education level participated in the study.

DATA COLLECTION

Data were collected via surveys sent to randomly chosen registrants from the College of Nurses of Ontario (Canada) Registry.

RESULTS

Statistically significant correlations were found amongst all the variables. A simple linear regression was calculated to predict the effect of the independent variables of structural empowerment, psychological empowerment, and inter-professional collaboration on the dependent variable compassion. All three had a statistically significant positive relationship to the dependent variable compassion.

DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS

Each of structural empowerment, psychological empowerment, and inter-professional collaboration has been discussed in the literature as a possible predictor of compassion. This study shows that that is the case. This is critical information for both organizations and individual nurses to have, as currently there is an inclination to blame nurses for having insufficient compassion rather than considering there may also be environmental and structural reasons for nurses being unable to practice with compassion. With this study as a beginning, future studies could test for models of how these variables interact in order to make more informed decisions about how to enable compassionate nursing practice. These strategies as it turns out, may be both personal and environmental. This study is a step towards the building of nursing compassion literacy.

Indirect effects of contextual factors on patients' consultations with healthcare professionals about health information found online

Background

E-health users are encouraged to consult healthcare professionals about the health information they found online because it facilitates e-health users to participate in an informed decision-making process with healthcare professionals on treatment options. However, few studies have examined the path of how e-health users consult healthcare professionals about the health information. Using psychological empowerment, which claims that empowering individuals requires understanding contextual factors that interact with the individuals’ intrapsychic factors, this study tested a hypothesis: the contextual factors play an indirect role between patients’ perceived poor health and their consultations with healthcare professionals about the health information found online, holding predisposing factors constant.

Methods

The data were collected from the Health Information National Trends Survey and used a subsample of e-health users who used healthcare services during the past year. The subsample (N = 2,297) was analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM).

Results

The SEM analysis supported the hypothesized indirect model. Meanwhile, patients with low socioeconomic statuses tended to score high in the outcome measurement of the contextual factors; however, they tended not to consult professionals.

Conclusions

It is important to acknowledge contextual factors, which encompass communication and relational aspects as well as the process and outcomes of treatments, when empowering e-health users to use e-health tools meaningfully and become empowered in caring for their own health. Particularly, those with low income and education levels were the less powered or powerless patients: they tended not to be competent in having a voice and discussing the health information that they found online with professionals.

Electronic supplementary material

The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12913-016-1713-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

The association of leadership styles and empowerment with nurses' organizational commitment in an acute health care setting: a cross-sectional study

Background

The current challenges facing healthcare systems, in relation to the shortage of health professionals, necessitates mangers and leaders to learn from different leadership styles and staff empowerment strategies, so as to create a work environment that encourages nursing staff commitment to patients and their organization. This study intends to measure the effects of nurses’ overall perception of the leadership style of their managers, and psychological empowerment on their organizational commitment in acute care units, in National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh City, Saudi Arabia.

Methods

This was a cross-sectional survey, where the data was obtained from nurses at King Abdulaziz Medical City. Hard copy questionnaires were distributed to 350 randomly selected nurses. Three hundred and thirty two (332) were completed, representing a response rate of 95 %. Three validated survey instruments were used to obtain the data: (1) The Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ), formulated by Bass and Avolio (1997), (2) The Psychological Empowerment Scale developed by Spreitzer (1995) and (3) The Three-Component Model of Employee Commitment developed by Meyer and Allen (1997). A theoretical model that conceptually links leadership, empowerment, and organizational commitment was used. The SPSS program version 19 was employed to perform descriptive and inferential statistics including correlation and stepwise multiple regression analysis.

Results

Overall most nurses perceived their immediate nursing managers as not displaying the ideal level of transformational leadership (TFL) behaviors. Nurses’ commitment appeared to be negatively correlated with TFL style and perceived psychological empowerment. However, commitment was positively correlated with the Transactional Leadership (TAL) style. Analysis, also, showed that commitment is significantly associated with the nurse’s nationality by region: North American (P = 0.001) and Arab (p = 0.027). The other important predictors of commitment include TAL (P = 0.027), Laissez-faire Leadership (LFL (P = 0.012), and autonomy (P = 0.016). The linear combination of these predictors explained 20 % of the variability of the nurses’ commitment.

Conclusion

The study findings suggest that leadership styles and employee empowerment could play an instrumental role in promoting organizational commitment of nurses working in acute health care settings, at least in the Saudi Arabian context.

Positive resources for combating job burnout among Chinese telephone operators: Resilience and psychological empowerment

Job burnout is a major concern within the service industry. However, there is a lack of research exploring positive resources for combating burnout among telephone operators. The purpose of this study was to examine the associations between resilience, psychological empowerment, and job burnout, and the mediating role of psychological empowerment. A cross-sectional survey of 575 telephone operators was conducted in 2 call centers in Shandong Province, China. Self-report questionnaires were used to assess job burnout symptoms, resilience, and psychological empowerment. Hierarchical linear regression was performed to analyze the degree to which resilience and psychological empowerment are associated with job burnout, and the mediating role of psychological empowerment. The results showed that resilience and psychological empowerment had significant "net effects" on job burnout, which may represent positive resources for combating job burnout. Psychological empowerment may partially mediate the relationship between resilience and job burnout. Thus, interventions focused on resilience and psychological empowerment may be useful options for managers concerned about burnout.

Empowerment an essential ingredient in the clinical environment: a review of the literature

Empowerment is an important concept worthy of attention in healthcare. The merits of empowerment are irrefutable including benefits to the organisation and to the individual nurse. Empowered nurses contribute to the clinical learning environment in a positive way. There is a dearth of literature on how or indeed if nursing students are empowered. The process of empowering registered staff/nursing students is not clear. Ward environment and culture are important contributors to patient care, patient safety and staff well-being. It is therefore necessary to address how empowerment can contribute positively to improving the environment in which care is provided.

Factors related to academic success among nursing students: a descriptive correlational research study

BACKGROUND

The current rise in employment is improving forecasts for the future supply of registered nurses; however sizeable shortages are still projected. With the intention of improving academic success in nursing students, related factors need to be better understood.

OBJECTIVES

The purpose of the correlational study was to describe the relationship between emotional intelligence, psychological empowerment, resilience, spiritual well-being, and academic success in undergraduate and graduate nursing students.

DESIGN/SETTING

A descriptive correlational design was utilized. The study was set in a private Catholic university.

PARTICIPANTS

There were 124 participants. There were 59% undergraduate and 41% graduate students.

METHODS

Background data, in addition to the Spreitzer Psychological Empowerment Scale, the Wagnild and Young Resilience Scale, and the Spiritual Well-Being Scale and the Mayer-Salovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test, was collected from students who met study criteria.

RESULTS

In a combined sample, academic success was correlated with overall spiritual well-being, empowerment and resilience. Although academic success was not correlated with overall emotional intelligence, it was correlated with the emotional intelligence branch four (managing emotions) score. When undergraduate and graduate students were considered separately, only one correlation was found to be significantly related to academic success in the undergraduate sample, namely, emotional intelligence branch one (perceiving emotions). When examining the data from just graduate level nurses, significant relationships were found between total emotional intelligence with academic success, resilience with academic success, and psychological empowerment with academic success.

CONCLUSION

The significant relationship between psychological empowerment, resilience, spiritual well-being and academic success in this study supports the statements in the literature that these concepts may play an important role in persistence through the challenges of nursing education. Research is needed to examine if strategies to enhance empowerment, resilience, and spiritual well-being can increase academic success in a test-retest design.