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Pirard P, Motreff Y, Stene LE, Rabet G, Vuillermoz C, Vandentorren S, Baubet T, Messiah A. Initiation of multiple-session psychological care in civilians exposed to the November 2015 Paris terrorist attacks. Arch Public Health 2023; 81:207. [PMID: 38031202 PMCID: PMC10685664 DOI: 10.1186/s13690-023-01206-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Terrorist attacks can induce post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression, which require multiple-session psychological care (MSPC). This study aims at investigating MSPC initiation and associated factors. METHODS Data were collected from a web-based survey of civilians 8-12 months after their exposure to the November 2015 Paris terrorist attacks. Depression and partial and full PTSD were assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and the PCL-5 checklist, respectively. Questionnaires collected data on socio-demographic variables, exposure to the attacks, psychological treatment history, social isolation, somatic problems, having received an outreach psychological support (OPS), consultations with a general practitioner, contact with an association for victims, MSPC initiation and, if not, reasons for not having initiated it. Logistic regressions were used to examine factors associated with MSPC initiation. RESULTS Among the 450 respondents, 154 reported having initiated a MSPC after the attacks. Of the 134 who provided the MSPC initiation date, 50% did so during the first month. Among the respondents with at least one of the considered psychological disorders, 53% declared not having initiated yet a MSPC. The primary three reasons for not having initiated a MSPC among people with PTSD were "did not feel the need", "it was not the right time to talk about it", and "not offered". For people with at least one psychological disorder, MSPC initiation was associated with the number of somatic problems, type of exposure (witness, threatened, indirectly exposed), prior psychological treatment, being a woman, being in a relationship, having consulted a psychiatrist or a psychologist, having received an OPS, and being in contact with association for victims. CONCLUSION The organization of adequate psychological care after a terror attack must take into account the need for healthcare that may emerge several months after the attack, and that witnesses seem less likely to receive MSPC than persons directly threatened despite their psychological disorder. Associations for victims and OPS seem to facilitate access to MSPC. Furthermore, our findings highlight the need to train physicians to screen for psychological disorders in persons exposed to terrorist attacks who present with somatic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Pirard
- Santé Publique France, French National Public Health Agency, Saint-Maurice, F-94415, France.
- Team MOODS, Inserm-CESP, Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, 94807, Villejuif, France.
| | - Yvon Motreff
- Santé Publique France, French National Public Health Agency, Saint-Maurice, F-94415, France
- Department of Social Epidemiology, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Paris, F75012, France
| | - Lise Eilin Stene
- Norwegian Centre for Violence and Traumatic Stress Studies (NKVTS), Oslo, Norway
| | - Gabrielle Rabet
- Santé Publique France, French National Public Health Agency, Saint-Maurice, F-94415, France
| | - Cécile Vuillermoz
- Department of Social Epidemiology, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Paris, F75012, France
| | - Stéphanie Vandentorren
- Santé Publique France, French National Public Health Agency, Saint-Maurice, F-94415, France
- UMR 1219, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, PHARes Team, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Thierry Baubet
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, UTRPP EA 4403, Villetaneuse, France
- AP-HP, Hôpital Avicenne, Bobigny, France
- Resources and Resilience National Centre (CN2R), LilleParis, France
| | - Antoine Messiah
- Team MOODS, Inserm-CESP, Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, 94807, Villejuif, France
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Stewart RE, Wislocki K, Wolk CB, Bellini L, Livesey C, Kugler K, Kwon N, Cardamone NC, Becker-Haimes EM. Implementing a resilience coach program to support first year housestaff during the COVID-19 pandemic: early pilot results and comparison with non-housestaff sessions. BMC Health Serv Res 2023; 23:915. [PMID: 37644597 PMCID: PMC10463571 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-023-09951-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, we launched the Penn Medicine Coping First Aid program to provide psychosocial supports to our health system community. Our approach leveraged lay health worker volunteers trained in principles of Psychological First Aid to deliver coaching services through a centralized virtual platform. METHODS We emailed all (n = 408) first year housestaff (i.e., residents and fellows) with an invitation to schedule a session with a resilience coach. We compared the mental health concerns, symptoms, and Psychological First Aid techniques recorded in (n = 67) first year housestaff sessions with (n = 91) sessions of other employees in the health system. RESULTS Between June and November 2020, forty-six first year housestaff attended at least one resilience coaching session. First year housestaff most commonly presented with feelings of anxiety and sadness and shared concerns related to the availability of social support. Resilience coaches most frequently provided practical assistance and ensured safety and comfort to first year housestaff. First year housestaff reported fewer physical or mental health symptoms and held shorter sessions with resilience coaches than non-housestaff. CONCLUSIONS This work offers insights on how to address psychosocial functioning through low-intensity interventions delivered by lay personnel. More research is needed to understand the efficacy of this program and how best to engage housestaff in wellness and resilience programs throughout training, both during and beyond COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca E Stewart
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 3535 Market Street, Room 3103, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Katherine Wislocki
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 3535 Market Street, Room 3103, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Courtney B Wolk
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 3535 Market Street, Room 3103, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lisa Bellini
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Cecilia Livesey
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 3535 Market Street, Room 3103, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Kelley Kugler
- The Acceleration Lab, Center for Health Care Innovation, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nayoung Kwon
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 3535 Market Street, Room 3103, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Nicholas C Cardamone
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 3535 Market Street, Room 3103, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Emily M Becker-Haimes
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 3535 Market Street, Room 3103, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
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Ashworth H, Lewis-O'Connor A, Grossman S, Brown T, Elisseou S, Stoklosa H. Trauma-informed care (TIC) best practices for improving patient care in the emergency department. Int J Emerg Med 2023; 16:38. [PMID: 37208640 DOI: 10.1186/s12245-023-00509-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
A patient's current or previous experience of trauma may have an impact on their health and affect their ability to engage in health care. Every year, millions of patients who have experienced physically or emotionally traumatic experiences present to emergency departments (ED) for care. Often, the experience of being in the ED itself can exacerbate patient distress and invoke physiological dysregulation. The physiological reactions that lead to fight, flight, or freeze responses can make providing care to these patients complex and can even lead to harmful encounters for providers. There is a need to improve the care provided to the vast number of patients in the ED and create a safer environment for patients and healthcare workers. One solution to this complex challenge is understanding and integrating trauma-informed care (TIC) into emergency services. The federal Substance Abuse and Mental Health Service Administration's (SAMHSA) six guiding principles of TIC offer a universal precaution framework that ensures quality care for all patients, providers, and staff in EDs. While there is growing evidence that TIC quantitatively and qualitatively improves ED care, there is a lack of practical, emergency medicine-specific guidance on how to best operationalize TIC. In this article, using a case example, we outline how emergency medicine providers can integrate TIC into their practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry Ashworth
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Alameda Health System, Highland Hospital, Oakland, CA, USA.
| | | | - Samara Grossman
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston Public Health Commission, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Taylor Brown
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sadie Elisseou
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hanni Stoklosa
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- HEAL Trafficking, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Shoukr EMM, Mohamed AAER, El-Ashry AM, Mohsen HA. Effect of psychological first aid program on stress level and psychological well-being among caregivers of older adults with alzheimer's disease. BMC Nurs 2022; 21:275. [PMID: 36217138 PMCID: PMC9551605 DOI: 10.1186/s12912-022-01049-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Older adults with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) experience drastic changes in their physical and mental abilities. AD patients became heavily dependent on their caregivers for everyday functions, which have significant implications not only for them but also for their caregivers. So, many AD caregivers experienced an increased level of depression and anxiety symptoms, lower perceived control, and higher burden compared to non-AD caregivers. Therefore, psychological first aid (PFA) and educational interventions are designed to enable those caregivers to meet the daily requirements of their patient care and to cope with its challenges. Aim Determine the effect of psychological first aid program on stress level and psychological well-being among caregivers of older adults with Alzheimer’s disease. Design One group pre-test post-test was followed. Subjects A convenience sample of one hundred (100) caregivers of older adults with AD. Setting All online groups concerned with the care of Alzheimer’s disease patients on Facebook. Tools Socio-demographic and clinical data of older adults with Alzheimer’s disease and their caregivers’ questionnaire, Alzheimer’s disease knowledge scale, Kingston caregiver stress scale, and authentic identity measures (AIM) scale of psychological well-being Results The psychological first aid program has highly statistically significant effect on the AD caregivers’ knowledge, stress level and psychological well-being as (t=-30.707, P = 0.000, t = 8.500, P = 0.000 & t= -4.763, P = 0.000 respectively). Conclusion Psychological first aid program is considered an effective intervention in decreasing the AD caregivers’ stress and increasing their psychological wellbeing and knowledge regarding delivering care for AD patients.
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Grubin F, Maudrie TL, Neuner S, Conrad M, Waugh E, Barlow A, Coser A, Hill K, Pioche S, Haroz EE, O'Keefe VM. Development and Cultural Adaptation of Psychological First Aid for COVID-19 Frontline Workers in American Indian/Alaska Native Communities. J Prev (2022) 2022; 43:697-717. [PMID: 35841432 PMCID: PMC9288204 DOI: 10.1007/s10935-022-00695-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic is broadly affecting the mental health and well-being of people around the world, and disproportionately affecting some groups with already pre-existing health inequities. Two groups at greater risk of physical and/or mental health detriments from COVID-19 and more profoundly impacted by the pandemic include frontline workers and American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) communities. To provide support and prevent long-term mental health problems, we culturally adapted a psychological first aid guide specifically for COVID-19 frontline workers serving AI/AN communities. We engaged a diverse, collaborative work group to steer the adaptation content and process. We also held two focus group discussions with frontline workers in AI/AN communities to incorporate their perspectives into the adapted guide. Results from the group discussions and the collaborative work group were compiled, analyzed to extract themes and suggestions, and integrated into the adapted content of the guide. Main adaptations included updating language (i.e., to be more culturally appropriate, less prescriptive, and less text heavy), framing the guide from a harm-reduction lens, incorporating cultural activities, values, and teachings common across diverse AI/AN communities (e.g., importance of being a good relative), and validating feelings and experiences of frontline workers. The resulting adapted guide includes four modules and is available as a free online training. Our adaptation process may serve as a guiding framework for future adaptations of similar resources for specific groups. The adapted guide may stand as an enduring resource to support mental well-being, the prevention of mental health problems, and reduction of health inequities during the pandemic and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Grubin
- Department of International Health, Social and Behavioral Interventions, Center for American Indian Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 415 N. Washington St. 4th Floor, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA.
| | - Tara L Maudrie
- Department of International Health, Social and Behavioral Interventions, Center for American Indian Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 415 N. Washington St. 4th Floor, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - Sophie Neuner
- Department of International Health, Social and Behavioral Interventions, Center for American Indian Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 415 N. Washington St. 4th Floor, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - Maisie Conrad
- Department of International Health, Social and Behavioral Interventions, Center for American Indian Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 415 N. Washington St. 4th Floor, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - Emma Waugh
- Department of International Health, Social and Behavioral Interventions, Center for American Indian Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 415 N. Washington St. 4th Floor, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - Allison Barlow
- Department of International Health, Social and Behavioral Interventions, Center for American Indian Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 415 N. Washington St. 4th Floor, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | | | - Kyle Hill
- Department of Indigenous Health, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, USA
| | - Shardai Pioche
- Department of International Health, Social and Behavioral Interventions, Center for American Indian Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 415 N. Washington St. 4th Floor, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - Emily E Haroz
- Department of International Health, Social and Behavioral Interventions, Center for American Indian Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 415 N. Washington St. 4th Floor, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - Victoria M O'Keefe
- Department of International Health, Social and Behavioral Interventions, Center for American Indian Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 415 N. Washington St. 4th Floor, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
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Kurniawan L, Sutanti N, Ningsih R, Wulandari NY, Ahmad AB, Kee P, Nuryana Z. Psychological first aid training as a tool to address mental health problems during COVID-19. Asian J Psychiatr 2022; 75:103226. [PMID: 35926297 PMCID: PMC9300579 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2022.103226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luky Kurniawan
- Department of Guidance and Counseling, Universitas Mercu Buana Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Natri Sutanti
- Department of Guidance and Counseling, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Ruly Ningsih
- Department of Guidance and Counseling, Universitas Mercu Buana Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | | | - Aslina Binti Ahmad
- Department of Human Development, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Malaysia
| | - Pau Kee
- Department of Human Development, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Malaysia
| | - Zalik Nuryana
- Department of Islamic Education, Universitas Ahmad Dahlan, Indonesia.
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Abdalla SM, Cohen GH, Tamrakar S, Sampson L, Moreland A, Kilpatrick DG, Galea S. Mitigating the mental health consequences of mass shootings: An in-silico experiment. EClinicalMedicine 2022; 51:101555. [PMID: 35898317 PMCID: PMC9310116 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is emerging evidence that mass shootings are associated with adverse mental health outcomes at the community level. Data from other mass-traumatic events examined the effectiveness of usual care (UC), (i.e., psychological first aid approaches without triage), and stepped care (SC) approaches, with triage, in reducing the burden of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in a community. METHODS We built an agent-based model of 118,000 people that was demographically comparable to the population of Parkland and Coral Springs, Florida, US. We parametrized the model with data from other traumatic events. Using simulations, we then estimated the community prevalence of PTSD one month following the Stoneman Douglas High School (Florida, US) shooting and reported the potential reach, effectiveness, and cost effectiveness of different what-if treatment scenarios (SC or UC) over a two-year period. FINDINGS One month following the mass shooting, PTSD prevalence in the community was 11.3% (95% CI: 11.1-11.5%). The reach of SC was 3461 (95% CI: 3573-3736) per 10,000 and the reach of UC was 2457 (95% CI: 2401-2510) per 10,000. SC was superior to UC in reducing PTSD prevalence, yielding, after two years, a risk difference of -0.044 (95% CI, -0.046 to -0.042) and a risk ratio of 0.452 (95% CI, 0.437-0.468). SC was also superior to UC in reducing the persistence of PTSD, yielding, after two years, a risk difference of -0.39 (95% CI, -0.401 to -0.379) and a risk ratio of 0.452 (95% CI, 0.439-0.465). The incremental cost-effectiveness of SC compared to UC was $2718.49 per DALYs saved, and $0.47 per PTSD-free day. INTERPRETATION This simulation demonstrated the potential benefits of different community-level approaches in mitigating the burden of PTSD following a mass shooting. These results warrant further research on community-based interventions to mitigate the mental health consequences of mass shootings. FUNDING None.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma M. Abdalla
- Epidemiology Department, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, United States
- Corresponding author at: Epidemiology Department, School of Public Health, Boston University, 715 Albany Street - Talbot 510E, Boston, MA 02118.
| | - Gregory H. Cohen
- Epidemiology Department, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, United States
| | - Shailesh Tamrakar
- Epidemiology Department, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, United States
| | - Laura Sampson
- Epidemiology Department, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, United States
| | - Angela Moreland
- Medical University of South Carolina, South Carolina, United States
| | | | - Sandro Galea
- Epidemiology Department, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, United States
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Hoppe S. [Emergencies from the perspective of psychosocial acute assistance teams-the work of crisis intervention teams]. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 2022; 65:1016-1022. [PMID: 35788401 DOI: 10.1007/s00103-022-03561-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Crisis intervention and emergency counseling teams have been filling a supply gap in non-police emergency response for the past few decades. Psychosocial acute assistance (PSAH) as a subsection of psychosocial emergency care (PSNV) focuses on relatives, people missing someone, and eyewitnesses and survivors of stressful events and offers immediate event-related psychosocial support.The operations of crisis intervention teams (KIT) are now widely accepted and recognized; KIT emergency services provide important psychosocial support based on profound training following clear guidelines. Quality assurance, legal foundations, and the question of financing PSAH will be the central topics of the present decade.This article gives a comprehensive overview of the work of KIT and describes the structure, logic of action, and goals of the PSAH. The focus is on the presentation of the operational processes and the individual measures during KIT operations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Hoppe
- KIT-München, Arbeiter-Samariter-Bund Regionalverband München/Oberbayern e. V., Adi-Maislinger Str. 6-8, 81373, München, Deutschland.
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Kouvatsou Z, Degermedgoglou G, Karamagioli E, Pikoulis E. Psychological First Aid Training of Police Officers. J Police Crim Psychol 2022; 37:856-862. [PMID: 35755941 PMCID: PMC9205625 DOI: 10.1007/s11896-022-09523-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A significant lack of evidence regarding the effectiveness of psychological first aid (PFA) training of first responders to emergency settings has been reported. The aim of the present study was to assess the effectiveness of a PFA training program on the feeling of confidence on providing help in crisis, knowledge, attitudes, and skills of police officers. Fifty police officers were trained in PFA, using an adapted version of the World Health Organization's program, and they were compared to a control group of 53 police officers. A PFA questionnaire was used to compare the two groups, before and after the implementation of the PFA training. Results revealed significant improvementson confidence, knowledge, attitudes, and skills of trained police officers, in comparison to controls. Thus, the present results suggest that PFA training programs are effective and should be offered to police officers in order to enhance their capacity to provide PFA in emergency settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe Kouvatsou
- “MSc in Global Health – Disaster Medicine”, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- General Police Directorate of Southern Aegean, Syros, Greece
| | - Georgios Degermedgoglou
- “MSc in Global Health – Disaster Medicine”, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Evika Karamagioli
- “MSc in Global Health – Disaster Medicine”, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Emmanouil Pikoulis
- “MSc in Global Health – Disaster Medicine”, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Schoultz M, McGrogan C, Beattie M, Macaden L, Carolan C, Polson R, Dickens G. Psychological first aid for workers in care and nursing homes: systematic review. BMC Nurs 2022; 21:96. [PMID: 35468786 PMCID: PMC9038514 DOI: 10.1186/s12912-022-00866-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Covid-19 pandemic has produced unprecedented challenges across all aspects of health and social care sectors globally. Nurses and healthcare workers in care homes have been particularly impacted due to rapid and dramatic changes to their job roles, workloads, and working environments, and residents' multimorbidity. Developed by the World Health Organisation, Psychological First Aid (PFA) is a brief training course delivering social, emotional, supportive, and pragmatic support that can reduce the initial distress after disaster and foster future adaptive functioning. OBJECTIVES This review aimed to synthesise findings from studies exploring the usefulness of PFA for the well-being of nursing and residential care home staff. METHODS A systematic search was conducted across 15 databases (Social Care Online, Kings Fund Library, Prospero, Dynamed, BMJ Best Practice, SIGN, NICE, Ovid, Proquest, Campbell Library, Clinical Trials, Web of Knowledge, Scopus, Ebsco CINAHL, and Cochrane Library), identifying peer-reviewed articles published in English language from database inception to 20th June 2021. RESULTS Of the 1,159 articles screened, 1,146 were excluded at title and abstract; the remaining 13 articles were screened at full text, all of which were then excluded. CONCLUSION This review highlights that empirical evidence of the impact of PFA on the well-being of nursing and residential care home staff is absent. PFA has likely been recommended to healthcare staff during the Covid-19 pandemic. The lack of evidence found here reinforces the urgent need to conduct studies which evaluates the outcomes of PFA particularly in the care home staff population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariyana Schoultz
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle, England.
| | - Claire McGrogan
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle, England
| | - Michelle Beattie
- Centre for Health Sciences, University of the Highlands and Islands, Inverness, Scotland
| | - Leah Macaden
- Centre for Health Sciences, University of the Highlands and Islands, Inverness, Scotland
| | - Clare Carolan
- University of the Highlands and Islands, Stornoway, Scotland
| | - Rob Polson
- Centre for Health Sciences, University of the Highlands and Islands, Inverness, Scotland
| | - Geoffrey Dickens
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle, England
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Kim HW, Choi YJ. A simulation-based nursing education of psychological first aid for adolescents exposed to hazardous chemical disasters. BMC Med Educ 2022; 22:93. [PMID: 35144608 PMCID: PMC8832750 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-022-03164-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Simulation-based education facilitates a learner-centered experience, which has been found to be effective in improving clinical performance, problem-solving ability, and self-confidence in nursing practice. The objective of this study was to develop and test a psychological first aid simulation-based education program for nurses caring for adolescents exposed to hazardous chemical disasters. METHODS This study employed a nonequivalent pre and post-control group research design. The simulation-based education program was developed, and the participants were 30 nurses working in a medical center who were randomly assigned to the experimental, comparison, and control groups. The collected data were statistically analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Ver. 22.0. RESULTS The nurses who participated in the simulation-based education program showed statistically significantly improved psychological first aid performance knowledge, competence, and self-efficacy compared to those in the other groups. CONCLUSIONS Nursing simulation programs could help to improve nurses' performance in mental health care and psychological support for adolescents suffering from hazardous chemical disasters.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yun-Jung Choi
- Red Cross College of Nursing, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, South Korea
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Abstract
A disaster is commonly thought of as an occurrence that results in property damage and physical injuries that exceed the response capabilities of local resources. History teaches that disasters also result in a surge in demand for psychological support amongst survivors and disaster responders. This surge quickly exceeds local response capacities and has the potential to exceed even the mental health resources that may be imported from neighbouring jurisdictions and disaster relief agencies. Efficient and effective acute mental health intervention is, therefore, needed. However, the effectiveness of traditional multi-session counselling during and shortly after disasters has been questioned. Instead, the utilization of efficient and effective crisis-focussed psychological interventions has been suggested as acute phase alternatives. This paper asserts psychological first aid (PFA) may be considered a specific crisis-focussed disaster mental health intervention for use during and after disasters. PFA is designed for use in assessing and mitigating acute distress, while serving as a platform for psychological triage complementing more traditional psychological and psychiatric interventions. PFA may be employed by mental health clinicians as well as 'peer responders'.
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Affiliation(s)
- George S Everly
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Koski L, Brouillette MJ, Mayo NE, Scott SC, Fellows LK, Sookman D. A Short-term Psychological Intervention for People Living with HIV During the First Wave of COVID-19. Int J Cogn Ther 2021;:1-21. [PMID: 34804328 DOI: 10.1007/s41811-021-00127-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Research on the psychosocial impact of COVID-19 has found significant levels of distress among the general population, and among those especially vulnerable due to chronic social or health challenges. Among these are individuals aging with HIV infection, who are encountering COVID-19 as a new infectious threat to their health and wellbeing. In a longitudinal observational study of the psychosocial impact of COVID-19 in middle-aged and older people living with HIV, we identified a subset of participants who expressed heightened levels of distress and were referred for clinical intervention. This paper describes the supportive and contemporary cognitive-behavioral interventions that were provided and presents data on changes in distress in this case series. This work provides a model for identifying people in at-risk groups in acute need of psychological intervention and for implementing an individualized clinical response that can be safely delivered in the context of COVID-19 and future crisis situations.
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Magaldi M, Perdomo JM, López-Baamonde M, Chanzá M, Sanchez D, Gomar C. Second victim phenomenon in a surgical area: Online survey. Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim (Engl Ed) 2021; 68:504-512. [PMID: 34764069 DOI: 10.1016/j.redare.2020.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM OF STUDY An effective and accessible first source of support for second victims (SV) is usually the colleagues themselves, who should have tools to help emotionally and detect the unusual course of a SV. The aim of this work is to assess health professionals' perception of the phenomenon, as well as their capability to apply psychological first aid. MATERIAL AND METHODS Observational descriptive study through online surveys answered anonymously. Participants were different health professionals from surgical area, mainly from a third-level hospital. RESULTS 329 responses, 67 anaesthesiologists, 110 anaesthesiologists in training, 152 nurses. 78.4% had felt SV, more frequent among anaesthesiologists; however, 58% had never heard of the term. Guilt was the most frequent emotion. Residents were more afraid of judgmental colleagues and thought more about drop out their training. From those who sought help, most did it through a colleague, but most did not feel useful in helping a SV. 66% affirmed there is a still punitive, evasive or silent culture about medical incidents. CONCLUSIONS Despite the frequency of the phenomenon there is still lack of knowledge of the term SV. Impact of the phenomenon is heterogenous and changes based on experience and responsibility. Colleagues are the first source of emotional help but there is a lack of tools to be able to provide it. Institutions are urged to create training programs so that professionals can guarantee «psychological first aid».
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Affiliation(s)
- M Magaldi
- Servicio de Anestesiología y Reanimación, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Grupo de Simulación SimClínic, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - J M Perdomo
- Servicio de Anestesiología y Reanimación, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Grupo de Simulación SimClínic, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M López-Baamonde
- Servicio de Anestesiología y Reanimación, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Grupo de Simulación SimClínic, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Chanzá
- Servicio de Anestesiología y Reanimación, Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - D Sanchez
- Asistencia médica integral, Teladoc Health, Barcelona, Spain
| | - C Gomar
- Servicio de Anestesiología y Reanimación, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Grupo de Simulación SimClínic, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Psychological first aid (PFA) has been widely disseminated and promoted as an intervention to support short-term coping and long-term functioning after disasters. Despite its popularity, earlier reviews cite a startling lack of empirical outcome studies. The current review explores recent studies of PFA, especially pertaining to its use with children. RECENT FINDINGS Initial studies of PFA show that it is well received by youth, families, and providers as well as being linked to decreases in depressive and posttraumatic stress symptoms, improved self-efficacy, increased knowledge about disaster preparedness and recovery, and enhanced feelings of safety and connection. The flexibility of the modular style of PFA and cultural adaptations emerged as significant themes. Although the studies reviewed cast a favorable light on PFA, more research is needed regarding its use and outcomes. This review describes the challenges to conducting these studies as well as suggestions for paths forward.
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Magaldi M, Perdomo JM, López-Baamonde M, Chanzá M, Sanchez D, Gomar C. Second victim phenomenon in a surgical area: online survey. Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim (Engl Ed) 2021; 68:S0034-9356(20)30320-0. [PMID: 34006368 DOI: 10.1016/j.redar.2020.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM OF STUDY An effective and accessible first source of support for second victims (SV) is usually the colleagues themselves, who should have tools to help emotionally and detect the unusual course of a SV. The aim of this work is to assess health professionals' perception of the phenomenon, as well as their capability to apply psychological first aid. MATERIAL AND METHODS Observational descriptive study through online surveys answered anonymously. Participants were different health professionals from surgical area, mainly from a third-level hospital. RESULTS 329 responses, 67 anaesthesiologists, 110 anaesthesiologists in training, 152 nurses. 78.4% had felt SV, more frequent among anaesthesiologists; however, 58% had never heard of the term. Guilt was the most frequent emotion. Residents were more afraid of judgmental colleagues and thought more about drop out their training. From those who sought help, most did it through a colleague, but most did not feel useful in helping a SV. 66% affirmed there is a still punitive, evasive or silent culture about medical incidents. CONCLUSIONS Despite the frequency of the phenomenon there is still lack of knowledge of the term SV. Impact of the phenomenon is heterogenous and changes based on experience and responsibility. Colleagues are the first source of emotional help but there is a lack of tools to be able to provide it. Institutions are urged to create training programs so that professionals can guarantee «psychological first aid».
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Affiliation(s)
- M Magaldi
- Servicio de Anestesiología y Reanimación. Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, España; Grupo de Simulación SimClínic. Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, España.
| | - J M Perdomo
- Servicio de Anestesiología y Reanimación. Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, España; Grupo de Simulación SimClínic. Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, España
| | - M López-Baamonde
- Servicio de Anestesiología y Reanimación. Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, España; Grupo de Simulación SimClínic. Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, España
| | - M Chanzá
- Servicio de Anestesiología y Reanimación. Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona, España
| | - D Sanchez
- Asistencia médica integral. Teladoc Health, Barcelona, España
| | - C Gomar
- Servicio de Anestesiología y Reanimación. Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, España; Grupo de Simulación SimClínic. Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, España
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Pirard P, Baubet T, Motreff Y, Rabet G, Marillier M, Vandentorren S, Vuillermoz C, Stene LE, Messiah A. Use of mental health supports by civilians exposed to the November 2015 terrorist attacks in Paris. BMC Health Serv Res 2020; 20:959. [PMID: 33076901 PMCID: PMC7574168 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-020-05785-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The use of mental health supports by populations exposed to terrorist attacks is rarely studied despite their need for psychotrauma care. This article focuses on civilians exposed to the November 2015 terrorist attacks in Paris and describes the different combinations of mental health supports (MHSu) used in the following year according to type of exposure and type of mental health disorder (MHD). Methods Santé publique France conducted a web-based survey of civilians 8–11 months after their exposure to the November 2015 terrorist attacks in Paris. All 454 respondents met criterion A of the DSM-5 definition of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). MHD (anxiety, depression, PTSD) were assessed using the PCL-5 checklist and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. MHSu provided were grouped under outreach psychological support, visits for psychological difficulties to a victims’ or victim support association, consultation with a general practitioner (GP), consultation with a psychiatrist or psychologist (specialist), and initiation of regular mental health treatment (RMHT). Chi-squared tests highlighted differences in MHSu use according to type of exposure (directly threatened, witnessed, indirectly exposed) and MHD. Phi coefficients and joint tabulations were employed to analyse combinations of MHSu use. Results Two-thirds of respondents used MHSu in the months following the attacks. Visits to a specialist and RMHT were more frequent than visits to a GP (respectively, 39, 33, 17%). These were the three MHSu most frequently used among people with PTSD (46,46,23%), with depression (52,39,20%), or with both (56,58, 33%). Witnesses with PTSD were more likely not to have RMHT than those directly threatened (respectively, 65,35%). Outreach support (35%) and visiting an association (16%) were both associated with RMHT (Phi = 0.20 and 0.38, respectively). Very few (1%) respondents initiated RMHT directly. Those who indirectly initiated it (32%) had taken one or more intermediate steps. Visiting a specialist, not a GP, was the most frequent of these steps. Conclusion Our results highlight possibilities for greater coordination of mental health care after exposure to terrorist attacks including involving GP for screening and referral, and associations to promote targeted RMHT. They also indicate that greater efforts should be made to follow witnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Pirard
- Non Communicable Diseases and Trauma Division, Santé Publique France, French National Public Health Agency, F-94415, Saint-Maurice, France. .,Team MOODS, CESP, Inserm, Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, 94807, Villejuif, France.
| | - Thierry Baubet
- CESP, Inserm, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Villetaneuse, France.,APHP, Hôpital Avicenne, Bobigny, France.,Centre National de Ressources et de Résilience (CN2R), Lille/Paris, France
| | - Yvon Motreff
- Non Communicable Diseases and Trauma Division, Santé Publique France, French National Public Health Agency, F-94415, Saint-Maurice, France.,Department of Social Epidemiology, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, F75012, Paris, France
| | - Gabrielle Rabet
- Support, Data Treatment and Analysis Division, Santé Publique France, French National Public Health Agency, Saint-Maurice, France
| | - Maude Marillier
- Non Communicable Diseases and Trauma Division, Santé Publique France, French National Public Health Agency, F-94415, Saint-Maurice, France
| | - Stéphanie Vandentorren
- Scientific and International Division, Santé Publique France (The French Public Health Agency), Saint-Maurice, France.,INSERM, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR 1219, Univ Bordeaux, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Cécile Vuillermoz
- Department of Social Epidemiology, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, F75012, Paris, France
| | - Lise Eilin Stene
- Norwegian Centre for Violence and Traumatic Stress Studies (NKVTS), Oslo, Norway
| | - Antoine Messiah
- Team MOODS, CESP, Inserm, Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, 94807, Villejuif, France
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Reinhard MA, Burkhardt G, Grosse-Wentrup F, Eser-Valerie D, Mumm FHA, Barnikol-Oettler B, Bausewein C, von Bergwelt-Baildon M, Klein M, Falkai P, Jauch KW, Adorjan K, Padberg F, Hoch E. [Psychosocial support during the COVID-19 pandemic: interdisciplinary concept of care at a university hospital]. Nervenarzt 2021; 92:701-7. [PMID: 33025071 DOI: 10.1007/s00115-020-01014-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since the beginning of the outbreak, the COVID-19 pandemic has caused an increased demand for psychosocial support for patients, their family members, and healthcare workers. Concurrently, possibilities to provide this support have been hindered. Quarantine, social isolation, and SARS-CoV‑2 infections represent new and severe stressors that have to be addressed with innovative psychosocial care. OBJECTIVE AND METHOD This article describes the COVID-19 psychosocial first aid concept at the University Hospital Munich (LMU Klinikum) developed by an interdisciplinary team of psychiatric, psychological, spiritual care, psycho-oncological, and palliative care specialists. RESULTS A new psychosocial first aid model has been implemented for COVID-19 inpatients, family members, and hospital staff consisting of five elements. CONCLUSION The concept integrates innovative and sustainable ideas, e.g. telemedicine-based approaches and highlights the importance of multidisciplinary collaboration to cope with challenges in the healthcare system.
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Kang JY, Choi YJ. Effects of a psychological first aid simulated training for pregnant flood victims on disaster relief worker's knowledge, competence, and self-efficacy. Appl Nurs Res 2020; 57:151348. [PMID: 32893087 DOI: 10.1016/j.apnr.2020.151348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To develop a simulation-based psychological first aid (PFA) education program for disaster relief workers and verify its impact on their PFA knowledge, PFA performance competence, and self-efficacy. BACKGROUND Relief workers should be provided with systematic education on their required knowledge and skills; however, PFA training for relief workers is lacking, which results in ineffective mental health support during disaster situations. METHODS This study adopted a non-equivalent control group pre-posttest quasi-experimental design. Thirty relief workers from mental health welfare centers in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province participated. The experimental group received a PFA lecture, a simulation-based PFA education program, and access to the Psychological Life Support (PLS) mobile application, which provides information on disaster situations and PFA techniques. The comparison group received a PFA lecture. The control group was provided with self-learning PFA materials. RESULTS Among the three groups, the experimental group showed the greatest improvement in PFA knowledge, PFA performance competence, and self-efficacy from pretest to posttest, which was statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated the effectiveness of the simulation-based PFA education program combined with a PFA lecture and the PLS mobile app as complementary methods to assist relief workers in applying PFA in disaster situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Yeon Kang
- Red Cross College of Nursing, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Jung Choi
- Red Cross College of Nursing, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Kılıç N, Şimşek N. The effects of psychological first aid training on disaster preparedness perception and self-efficacy. Nurse Educ Today 2019; 83:104203. [PMID: 31683114 DOI: 10.1016/j.nedt.2019.104203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the impact of psychological first aid training on the perception of disaster preparedness and self-efficacy. METHODOLOGY This study is an experimental randomized control study design with monitoring measurement. The study was carried out with a total of 76 nursing students including 38 in the intervention group and 38 in the control group. The data were collected using a Personal Information Form, the Disaster Preparedness Perception Scale for Nurses and the General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSS). Sessions of Psychological First Aid training that lasted 60 min were carried out with the students in the experiment group once a week along 6 weeks. The statistical analysis on the data involved descriptive statistical methods (means, standard deviations, frequencies), Mann Whitney U test, Spearman Correlation, Friedman and Wilcoxon Signed Ranks tests. FINDINGS It was found that the mean scores of the intervention group under all sub-dimensions of the disaster preparedness perception scale for nurses (preparation phase, intervention phase, and post-disaster phase) increased significantly after the training and in follow-ups, and these were significantly higher than the mean scores of those in the control group. It was determined that the mean post-training and follow-up general self-efficacy scores of the intervention group increased significantly, and these were significantly higher than the mean scores of those in the control group. CONCLUSION It was determined that psychological first aid education positively affected the subject's perception for disaster preparation as well as their perception of general self-efficacy. In line with this conclusion, as per this study it is suggested to provide training that includes psychological first aid training module in undergraduate nursing programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurhayat Kılıç
- Artvin Çoruh University Faculty of Health Science, Department of Psychiatric Nursing, Artvin, Turkey.
| | - Nuray Şimşek
- Erciyes University Faculty of Health Science, Department of Mental Health and Psychiatric Nursing, Kayseri, Turkey.
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Wisner B, Paton D, Alisic E, Eastwood O, Shreve C, Fordham M. Communication With Children and Families About Disaster: Reviewing Multi-disciplinary Literature 2015-2017. Curr Psychiatry Rep 2018; 20:73. [PMID: 30094701 DOI: 10.1007/s11920-018-0942-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To identify strategies for communicating with youth and children pre- and post-disaster in the context of a broader survey of child participation in disaster risk reduction as well as methods for communication with children. RECENT FINDINGS Youth and children are capable of peer and community education and activism concerning disaster issues and such participation benefits the young actors. Family and sibling support are important in easing the impact of trauma on children. Contemporary forms of psychological first aid appear to do no harm and in line with current evidence. Generally, more evidence from evaluations is necessary to guide the development of communication strategies. Children are growing up in increasingly urban environments with less contact with nature and greater reliance on techno-social systems. Thus, young people may misunderstand natural hazards. Schools and conscious parenting can play important roles in building understanding and psychological resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eva Alisic
- University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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