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Malarat N, Soleh A, Saisahas K, Samoson K, Promsuwan K, Saichanapan J, Wangchuk S, Meng L, Limbut W. Electropolymerization of poly(phenol red) on laser-induced graphene electrode enhanced adsorption of zinc for electrochemical detection. Talanta 2024; 272:125751. [PMID: 38377665 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.125751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
We present a highly sensitive and selective electrode of laser-induced graphene modified with poly(phenol red) (P(PhR)@LIG) for measuring zinc nutrition in rice grains using square wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SWASV). The physicochemical properties of P(PhR)@LIG were investigated with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX), Fourier infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Raman spectroscopy. The modified electrode demonstrated an amplified anodic stripping response of Zn2+ due to the electropolymerization of P(PhR), which enhanced analyte adsorption during the accumulation step of SWASV. Under optimized parameters, the developed sensor provided a linear range from 30 to 3000 μg L-1 with a detection limit of 14.5 μg L-1. The proposed electrode demonstrated good reproducibility and good anti-interference properties. The sensor detected zinc nutrition in rice grain samples with good accuracy and the results were consistent with the standard ICP-OES method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natchaya Malarat
- Center of Excellence for Trace Analysis and Biosensor, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand; Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand; Division of Physical Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand
| | - Asamee Soleh
- Center of Excellence for Trace Analysis and Biosensor, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand; Division of Health and Applied Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand; Forensic Science Innovation and Service Center, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand
| | - Kasrin Saisahas
- Division of Health and Applied Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand; Forensic Science Innovation and Service Center, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand
| | - Krisada Samoson
- Center of Excellence for Trace Analysis and Biosensor, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand; Division of Health and Applied Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand; Forensic Science Innovation and Service Center, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand
| | - Kiattisak Promsuwan
- Center of Excellence for Trace Analysis and Biosensor, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand; Division of Health and Applied Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand; Forensic Science Innovation and Service Center, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand
| | - Jenjira Saichanapan
- Division of Health and Applied Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand; Forensic Science Innovation and Service Center, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand
| | - Sangay Wangchuk
- Center of Excellence for Trace Analysis and Biosensor, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand; Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand; Division of Physical Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand
| | - Lingyin Meng
- Sensor and Actuator Systems, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, 581 83, Linköping, Sweden.
| | - Warakorn Limbut
- Center of Excellence for Trace Analysis and Biosensor, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand; Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand; Division of Health and Applied Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand; Forensic Science Innovation and Service Center, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand.
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2
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Singh S, Shukla A, Srivastava S, Kamble GS, Patra PK, Venugopalan VP. An evaluation of arsenic contamination status and its potential health risk assessment in villages of Nadia and North 24 Parganas, West Bengal, India. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-28542-5. [PMID: 37442929 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28542-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to evaluate the arsenic (As) contamination and possible associated health hazards to exposed population in four villages of two districts (Nadia and North 24 Parganas) of West Bengal, India. The study included two villages each from Nadia (Jaguli and Kugacchi) and North 24 Parganas (Chamta and Byaspur) districts. Groundwater, surface water, soil, rice grains and rice-based food samples were collected from these villages. The results revealed the presence of As in high concentrations in groundwater (35.00 to 186.00 µg L-1), surface water (30.00 to 61.00 µg L-1), soil (46.17 to 66.00 mg kg-1), rice grains (0.017 to 1.27 µg g-1) and rice-based food products (0.012 to 0.40 µg g-1). The maximum As levels were recorded in all types of samples collected from Kugacchi village. The rice grain samples included high-yielding and local varieties, and the level of As in high-yielding varieties was found to be higher (0.72 to 1.27 µg g-1) than in local varieties (0.25 to 1.06 µg g-1). The data of As concentrations was used for understanding the hazard quotient (HQ) and incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) to the As-exposed population, and significant non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks were revealed considering consumption of rice grains at 400 g per day. The study demonstrates the severity of As contamination in the surveyed villages, which may pose a hindrance to attainment of sustainable development goals (SDGs) by 2030 and proposes the implementation of requisite safety measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shraddha Singh
- Nuclear Agriculture & Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, MH, India.
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, MH, India.
| | - Anurakti Shukla
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development (IESD), Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, UP, India
| | - Sudhakar Srivastava
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development (IESD), Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, UP, India
| | - Granthali S Kamble
- Analytical Chemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, MH, India
| | - Prasanta Kumar Patra
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Soil Science, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Nadia, Mohanpur, WB, India
| | - Vayalam P Venugopalan
- Nuclear Agriculture & Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, MH, India
- Raja Ramanna Fellow, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, MH, India
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Sun T, Xie Q, Li C, Huang J, Yue C, Zhao X, Wang D. Inorganic versus organic fertilizers: How do they lead to methylmercury accumulation in rice grains. Environ Pollut 2022; 314:120341. [PMID: 36202265 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Both inorganic and organic fertilizers are widely used to increase rice yield. However, these fertilizers are also found to aggravate mercury methylation and methylmercury (MeHg) accumulation in paddy fields. The aim of this study was to reveal the mechanisms of inorganic and organic fertilizers on MeHg accumulation in rice grains, which are not yet well understood. Potting cultures were conducted in which different fertilizers were applied to a paddy soil. The results showed that both inorganic and organic fertilizers increased MeHg concentrations rather than biological accumulation factors (BAFs) of MeHg in mature rice grains. Inorganic fertilizers, especially nitrogen fertilizer, enhanced the bioavailability of mercury and the relative amount Hg-methylating microbes and therefore intensified mercury methylation in paddy soil and MeHg accumulation in rice grains. Unlike inorganic fertilizers, organic matter (OM) in organic fertilizers was the main reason for the increase of MeHg concentrations in rice grains, and it also could immobilize Hg in soil when it was deeply degraded. The enhancement of MeHg concentrations in rice grains induced by inorganic fertilizers (5.18-41.69%) was significantly (p < 0.05) lower than that induced by organic fertilizers (80.49-106.86%). Inorganic fertilizers led to a larger increase (50.39-99.28%) in thousand-kernel weight than MeHg concentrations (5.18-41.69%), resulting in a dilution of MeHg concentrations in mature rice grains. Given the improvement of soil properties by organic fertilizer, increasing the proportion of inorganic fertilizer application may be a better option to alleviate MeHg accumulation in rice grains and guarantee the rice yield in the agricultural production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Sun
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; Funiu Mountain Forest Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Qing Xie
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Chuxian Li
- Department of Forest Ecology & Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, 90136, Sweden
| | - Jinyong Huang
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; Funiu Mountain Forest Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Caipeng Yue
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Xuejie Zhao
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Dingyong Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
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Shehzad MT, Sabir M, Zia-Ur-Rehman M, Zia MA, Naidu R. Arsenic concentrations in soil, water, and rice grains of rice-growing areas of Punjab, Pakistan: multivariate statistical analysis. Environ Monit Assess 2022; 194:346. [PMID: 35391637 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-10001-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic (As), a class-A human carcinogen, is ubiquitously present in the earth's crust and soil and may enter the air, water, and surface environments through different natural and anthropogenic sources. In this experiment, soil, irrigation water, and rice grains were sampled from conventional rice-growing areas of Punjab, Pakistan. Soil samples were collected from 0 to 15 cm surface soil of rice growing fields, and rice grains were collected from the same field at crop maturity. Irrigation water samples were collected from the source used to irrigate the respective rice fields. Coordinates of sampling locations were noted using a global positioning system, and a locations map was made using ArcGIS. Soil samples were digested in a microwave digester using aqua regia, and plant samples were block digested using nitric acid. Arsenic concentration was determined using an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer coupled with an auto-sampler and integrated samples introduction system. The mean concentration of As in rice grains, soil, and water samples was found within the safe limit set by WHO except for a sample from Narowal (148.54 µg l-1) that exceeded the irrigation water standard limit, i.e., 100 µg l-1 for irrigation water. Principal component analysis was performed to reduce the multidimensional space of variables and samples. Through the calculations of estimated daily intake, it has been revealed that the As levels measured in this study would only contribute a small amount (less than 5%) of the total recommended daily intake allowance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Tahir Shehzad
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Sabir
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Zia-Ur-Rehman
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Anjum Zia
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Ravi Naidu
- Global Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
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5
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Feng W, Fan D, Li K, Wang T, Zhang H, Zhou X, Wan J, Wang R. Removal of cadmium from rice grains by acid soaking and quality evaluation of decontaminated rice. Food Chem 2021; 371:131099. [PMID: 34537619 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Contamination of rice by cadmium (Cd) is threatening a large population in China. In this study, we report that soaking rice grains in a hydrochloric acid (HCl) solution can remove Cd to a desirable extent. The results indicated that the degree of Cd removal was up to 45%∼85% at different soaking times and concentrations of HCl (0.06 M ∼ 0.18 M), which was found to be logarithmically correlated with the reaction time at the optimized liquid-solid ratio of 1:2. Three HCl concentration-dependent mathematical models were established, which revealed various optimal soaking conditions depending on the initial Cd contamination. Four Cd-contaminated rice grain samples with different degrees of contamination were then tested based on the mathematical models, and the final Cd content was reduced to an acceptable extent. Moreover, the physicochemical and food properties of rice flours and rice grains after Cd removal were evaluated to highlight their potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Feng
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, China; Jiangsu Provincial Research Centre for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Food Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Daming Fan
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Keqiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, China; Jiangsu Provincial Research Centre for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Food Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, China; Jiangsu Provincial Research Centre for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Food Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, China; Jiangsu Provincial Research Centre for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Food Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xing Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jianhua Wan
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Baobao Suqian National Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Suqian 223800, China
| | - Ren Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, China; Jiangsu Provincial Research Centre for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Food Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
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6
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Yan Y, Sun Q, Yang J, Zhang X, Guo B. Source attributions of Cadmium contamination in rice grains by Cadmium isotope composition analysis: A field study. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2021; 210:111865. [PMID: 33418154 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cd contamination in rice grains has become a topic of great concern because of the high health risks associated with the long-term consumption of Cd-contaminated rice. Identification of Cd sources in rice grains by scientific methods is important for controlling heavy metal pollution and protecting human health. Here, the Cd concentrations and Cd isotopic compositions of rice plants (root, stem, leaf, and grain) and topsoil, and possible pollution sources (agricultural fertilizers, industrial dust, and automobile exhaust) were analyzed using an instrument of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (MC-ICP-MS). The results showed variations in the Cd isotopes of different components of rice plants and the fractionation coefficient of rice grains relative to topsoil (Δ114/110Cdrice grains-topsoil = 0.25‰). The contributions of pollution sources to rice grains were realized by combining the Cd isotopic composition with an isotopic mixing model (Isosource). The analysis showed that all three possible pollution sources contributed to the Cd in the rice grains in the field, the average Cd contribution of industrial dust, agricultural fertilizers and automobile exhaust was 87%, 9%, and 4%, respectively. Our study provides a feasible method for the identification of pollution sources of Cd in rice grains at the field scale and demonstrates that Cd isotopic composition is one of the powerful tools to trace the pollution sources of Cd in crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yan
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences/ Key Laboratory of Agro-products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Qianqian Sun
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences/ Key Laboratory of Agro-products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Jingjie Yang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences/ Key Laboratory of Agro-products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Xiaowen Zhang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences/ Key Laboratory of Agro-products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Boli Guo
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences/ Key Laboratory of Agro-products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, PR China.
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7
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Pan L, Xing J, Zhang H, Luo X, Chen Z. Electron beam irradiation as a tool for rice grain storage and its effects on the physicochemical properties of rice starch. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 164:2915-2921. [PMID: 32755712 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.07.211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In this study, rice grains were treated with electron beam irradiation (EBI). The storage properties of the irradiated rice, as well as the physicochemical properties of isolated starches, were studied. As irradiation dose was increased from 0 kGy to 10 kGy, the lipase activity of irradiated rice decreased from 7.82 mg KOH/100 g to 5.15 mg KOH/100 g. EBI treatment did not significantly (p < 0.05) change fatty acid values. The granular structure of the isolated starches was partially destroyed after severe irradiation, and EBI treatment also caused the degradation of the molecular structures of amylopectin and amylose. All of the starches with or without EBI treatment displayed A-type crystalline structures, and 10 kGy of irradiation disrupted double-helical structures and subsequently decreased relative crystallinity. The formation of carboxyl groups reduced the digestibility of the starches, whereas the disruption of crystallites allowed digestive enzymes to access degraded starch chains easily. Overall, results demonstrated that a low dose of irradiation had insignificant effects on the quality of rice grains and corresponding starches. Thus, EBI could be a green and safe strategy for rice storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Pan
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jiali Xing
- Ningbo Institute for food control, Ningbo 315048, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xiaohu Luo
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Zhengxing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Wuxi 214122, China
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Yoo D, Hamid MMA, Kim H, Moon J, Song J, Lee S, Seo J. Substitution effects of rice for corn grain in total mixed ration on rumen fermentation characteristics and microbial community in vitro. J Anim Sci Technol 2020; 62:638-647. [PMID: 33089229 PMCID: PMC7553840 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2020.62.5.638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This study determined the substitution effects of rice for corn as the main grain
source in a total mixed ration (TMR). In vitro rumen
fermentation characteristics and microbes were assessed using two experimental
diets. Diets included 33% dry matter (DM) of either corn (Corn TMR) or rice
grains (Rice TMR). In a 48-h in vitro incubation, DM
digestibility (IVDMD), neutral detergent fiber degradability (IVNDFD), crude
protein digestibility (IVCPD), volatile fatty acids (VFAs), pH and ammonia
nitrogen (NH3-N) were estimated. Gas production has been calculated
at 3, 6, 12, 24 and 48 h. Our results indicate that the gas production, VFAs,
IVDMD, and IVNDFD of Rice TMR were higher than those of Corn TMR
(p < 0.05). Ruminal pH and total fungi were
significantly higher in Corn TMR (p < 0.05) than in Rice
TMR; however, NH3-N and IVCPD were not affected by treatment type. In
conclusion, substituting rice for corn at 33% DM in TMR appears to have no
negative effects on in vitro rumen fermentation
characteristics. Therefore, rice grains are an appropriate alternative energy
source in early fattening stage diets of beef cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daekyum Yoo
- Department of Animal Science, Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Korea
| | - Muhammad Mahboob Ali Hamid
- Department of Animal Science, Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Korea
| | - Hanbeen Kim
- Department of Animal Science, Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Korea
| | - Joonbeom Moon
- Department of Animal Science, Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Korea
| | - Jaeyong Song
- Institute of Livestock, Nonghyup Co. Ltd., Ansung 17558, Korea
| | - Seyoung Lee
- Division of Animal Husbandry, Yonam College, Cheonan 31005, Korea
| | - Jakyeom Seo
- Department of Animal Science, Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Korea
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9
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Wang Y, Wu S, Yan D, Li F, Chengcheng W, Min C, Wenyu S. Determining and mapping the spatial mismatch between soil and rice cadmium (Cd) pollution based on a decision tree model. Environ Pollut 2020; 265:115029. [PMID: 32806453 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Environmental complexity leads to differences in the spatial distribution of heavy metal pollution in soil and rice. Such spatial differences will seriously affect the safety of planted rice and can impact regional management and control. How to scientifically reveal these spatial differences is an urgent problem. In this study, the spatial mismatch relationship between Cd pollution in soil and rice grains (brown rice) was first explored by the interpolation method. To further reveal the causes of these, the specific recognition rules of the spatial relationship of Cd pollution were extracted based on a decision tree model, and the results were mapped. The results revealed a spatial mismatch in Cd pollution between the soil and rice grains in the study area, and the main results are as follows: (i) slight soil pollution and safe rice accounted for 68.88% of the area; (ii) slight soil pollution and serious rice pollution accounted for 13.39% of the area and (iii) safe soil and serious rice pollution accounted for 11.63% of the area. In addition, 11 recognition rules of Cd spatial pollution relationship between soil and rice were proposed, and the main environmental factors were determined: SOM (soil organic matter), Dis-residence (distance from residential area), soil pH and LAI (leaf area index). The average accuracy of rule recognition was 75.90%. The study reveals the spatial mismatch of heavy metal pollution in soil and crops, providing decision-making references for the spatial accurate identification and targeted prevention of heavy metal pollution spaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanmin Wang
- School of Geographic and Oceanographic Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Shaohua Wu
- Institute of Land and Urban-Rural Development, Zhejiang University of Finance & Economics, 18 Xueyuan Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, China.
| | - Daohao Yan
- School of Geographic and Oceanographic Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Fufu Li
- School of Geographic and Oceanographic Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Wang Chengcheng
- Institute of Land and Urban-Rural Development, Zhejiang University of Finance & Economics, 18 Xueyuan Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, China
| | - Cheng Min
- Institute of Land and Urban-Rural Development, Zhejiang University of Finance & Economics, 18 Xueyuan Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, China
| | - Sun Wenyu
- Institute of Public Administration, Zhejiang University of Finance & Economics, 18 Xueyuan Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, China
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Nguyen TP, Ruppert H, Pasold T, Sauer B. Paddy soil geochemistry, uptake of trace elements by rice grains (Oryza sativa) and resulting health risks in the Mekong River Delta, Vietnam. Environ Geochem Health 2020; 42:2377-2397. [PMID: 31686290 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-019-00456-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Soil geochemistry and phytoavailable trace elements were investigated in 80 paddy soil samples and corresponding rice grains from the Mekong River Delta in Vietnam. Soil parameters like Fe-, Al-, and Mn-phases, organic matter, and pH-value determine element concentrations in soil and affect their transfer into rice grains. Arsenic exceeded the allowed limit for Vietnamese agricultural soils in 11% of the samples, presumably caused by natural processes. Lead surpassed the limit in one soil sample. Other toxic elements were close to their natural concentrations and far below allowable limits for agricultural soil. There was no clear correlation of trace element concentrations in soils with those in corresponding grains, even if the different soil parameters and the large pH-range between 3.7 and 6.8 were considered. To assess health risks of critical elements in rice, the thresholds of tolerable upper intake level for total food and drinking water (UL) and of permissible maximum concentration (MC) for rice grains were evaluated. Surprisingly, rice grains grown on non- or low-polluted soils can surpass the upper limits. According to the UL concept, 12% of the grains exceeded the UL of As, 29% that of Cd, and 27% that of Pb for each gender. According to the MC concept, 5% of the rice grains exceeded the MC of inorganic As for adults and 38% that for young children. 24% of the grains surpassed the MC of Pb, while Cd in all grains was below the MC. The differing results of the UL and MC approaches show an urgent need for revision and harmonization concerning As, Cd, and Pb limits, especially regarding countries with high rice consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuy Phuong Nguyen
- Department of Sedimentology/Environmental Geology, Faculty of Geoscience and Geography, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Goldschmidtstraße 3, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.
- Department of Resource and Environment Management, Faculty of Land Resources and Agricultural Environment, Hue University of Agriculture and Forestry, 102 Phung Hung Street, Hue City, Vietnam.
| | - Hans Ruppert
- Department of Sedimentology/Environmental Geology, Faculty of Geoscience and Geography, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Goldschmidtstraße 3, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tino Pasold
- Department of Sedimentology/Environmental Geology, Faculty of Geoscience and Geography, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Goldschmidtstraße 3, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Benedikt Sauer
- Department of Sedimentology/Environmental Geology, Faculty of Geoscience and Geography, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Goldschmidtstraße 3, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
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Li Y, Hu W, Zhao J, Chen Q, Wang W, Li B, Li YF. Selenium decreases methylmercury and increases nutritional elements in rice growing in mercury-contaminated farmland. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2019; 182:109447. [PMID: 31325809 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Methylmercury (MeHg) in rice grains grown in Hg-contaminated areas has raised environmental health concerns. Pot experiments found that selenium (Se) could reduce MeHg levels in rice grains. However, relatively high levels of Se (up to 6 mg/kg) were applied in these pot experiments, which may have adverse effects on the soil ecology due to the toxicity of Se. The aims of this work were thus to study 1) the effect of low levels of Se on the accumulation and distribution of Hg, especially MeHg, in rice plants grown in a real Hg-contaminated paddy field and 2) the effect of Se treatment on Se and other nutritional elements (e.g., Cu, Fe, Zn) in grains. A field study amended with different levels of Se was carried out in Hg-contaminated paddy soil in Qingzhen, Guizhou, China. The levels of MeHg and total Hg were studied using cold vapor atomic fluorescence spectrometry (CVAFS) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The distribution and relative quantification of elements in grains were examined by synchrotron radiation X-ray fluorescence analysis (SR-XRF). This field study showed that low levels of Se (0.5 μg/mL, corresponding to 0.15 mg Se/kg soils) could significantly reduce total Hg and MeHg in rice tissues. Se treatment also reduced Hg distribution in the embryo and endosperm and increased the levels of Fe, Cu, Zn and Se in grains and especially embryos. This field study implied that treatment with an appropriate level of Se is an effective approach to not only decrease the level of MeHg but to also increase the levels of nutritional elements such as Fe, Cu, Zn and Se in rice grains, which could bring beneficial effects for rice-dependent residents living in Hg-contaminated areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyun Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China; CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, And HKU-IHEP Joint Laboratory on Metallomics, And State Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Mercury Pollution Prevention and Control, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wenjun Hu
- College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Jiating Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, And HKU-IHEP Joint Laboratory on Metallomics, And State Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Mercury Pollution Prevention and Control, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qimin Chen
- College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Wei Wang
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Bai Li
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, And HKU-IHEP Joint Laboratory on Metallomics, And State Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Mercury Pollution Prevention and Control, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yu-Feng Li
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, And HKU-IHEP Joint Laboratory on Metallomics, And State Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Mercury Pollution Prevention and Control, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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Setyaningsih W, Saputro IE, Carrera CA, Palma M. Optimisation of an ultrasound-assisted extraction method for the simultaneous determination of phenolics in rice grains. Food Chem 2019; 288:221-227. [PMID: 30902286 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.02.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Fifteen phenolic compounds were determined in rice grains by ultrasound assisted extraction and ultra-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detection. Primarily, an UAE method has been developed and validated for the extraction of phenolics from rice grains. For the optimization, a Box-Behnken Design based on six factors including extraction temperature (10-70 °C), solvent composition (0-50% methanol in water), cycle (0.2-0.7 s-1), ultrasound amplitude (30-70%), and solvent to sample ratio (2.5:1 to 5:1) was employed. Multi-response optimization (MRO) was performed to develop a simultaneous extraction method of 15 phenolics. The optimal UAE conditions were: extraction temperature 45 °C, time 25 min, cycle 0.4 s-1, ultrasound amplitude 47%, solvent composition 80% methanol in water at pH 4.25, and sample to solvent ratio 1:5. Linearity, LODs, LOQs, precision and recovery were determined. In addition, the method was successfully applied to analyse a number of rice samples with different varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Widiastuti Setyaningsih
- Department of Food and Agricultural Product Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Gadjah Mada University, Jalan Flora, Bulaksumur, Sleman, 55281 Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
| | - Irfan E Saputro
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, IVAGRO, University of Cadiz, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario (CeiA3), Campus del Rio San Pedro, 11510, Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain
| | - Ceferino A Carrera
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, IVAGRO, University of Cadiz, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario (CeiA3), Campus del Rio San Pedro, 11510, Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain.
| | - Miguel Palma
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, IVAGRO, University of Cadiz, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario (CeiA3), Campus del Rio San Pedro, 11510, Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain.
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Zhang Q, Zhang L, Liu T, Liu B, Huang D, Zhu Q, Xu C. The influence of liming on cadmium accumulation in rice grains via iron-reducing bacteria. Sci Total Environ 2018; 645:109-118. [PMID: 30016706 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.06.316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) in soil is attracting worldwide attention, and many valuable measures and suggestions of minimizing the rice grain Cd are available. Among these methods, liming can increase the soil pH and decrease the rice grain Cd content. Here, we report that soil pH was negatively and significantly correlated with the concentration of soil extractable Fe and Cd. In addition, the iron concentration on root surface was significantly and positively associated with the available metals in soil and the rice grain Cd. However, the return of contaminated rice straw significantly increased the Cd accumulation in the rice grain, although the returned straw did not significantly influence the concentration of extracted soil Cd. Furthermore, an analysis of the functional microbe community was performed, and the response of iron-reducing bacteria (IRB) under the six treatments provides valuable insights for reducing the available Cd concentration in soil. A LEfSe (LDA coupled with effect size measurement for significant differences) analysis showed that the application of liming reduced the abundance of IRB. The results of a redundancy analysis (RDA) indicated that soil pH was significantly and negatively associated with the abundance of Proteobacteria and Geobacter and the concentration of bioavailable Fe and Cd in the soil, which could explain the reduced accumulation of bioavailable Cd in rice grain. Collectively, our results demonstrated that liming in Cd-polluted paddy soil is a reasonable strategy for minimizing rice grain Cd by increasing the soil pH, which reduces the soil available iron and Cd concentration by shifting the diversity and composition of IRB, thus ultimately resulting in decreased Cd in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Li Zhang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Tongtong Liu
- College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Bo Liu
- College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Daoyou Huang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Qihong Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Chao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China.
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Yin D, Wang X, Peng B, Tan C, Ma LQ. Effect of biochar and Fe-biochar on Cd and As mobility and transfer in soil-rice system. Chemosphere 2017; 186:928-937. [PMID: 28830065 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.07.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the effects of biochar derived from rice-straw (biochar) and iron-impregnated biochar (Fe-biochar) on Cd and As mobility in rice rhizosphere and transfer from soil to rice were investigated with different application rates. 1-3% biochar reduced porewater Cd in rhizosphere but elevated soluble As, resulting in 49-68% and 26-49% reduction in the root and grain Cd, with a simultaneous increase in root As. Unlike biochar, 0.5% Fe-biochar decreased porewater As throughout rice growth, resulting in reduced root As, which, however, increased Cd uptake by root. Biochar-induced soil As mobilization was probably through competitive desorption and Fe-biochar-induced soil Cd mobilization was probably via soil acidification. The results suggested that biochar and Fe-biochar was effective in reducing Cd and As uptake by rice, respectively, so they may be used as emergency measures to cope with single Cd or As contamination in paddy soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daixia Yin
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Xin Wang
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China.
| | - Bo Peng
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China
| | - Changyin Tan
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China
| | - Lena Q Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China; Soil and Water Science Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
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15
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Bolan S, Kunhikrishnan A, Chowdhury S, Seshadri B, Naidu R, Ok YS. Comparative analysis of speciation and bioaccessibility of arsenic in rice grains and complementary medicines. Chemosphere 2017; 182:433-440. [PMID: 28528310 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.04.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In many countries, rice grains and complementary medicines are important sources of arsenic (As) consumption. The objective of this study was to compare the speciation and bioaccessibility of As in selected rice grains and complementary medicines. A number of rice grain samples, and a range of herbal and ayurvedic medicines were analyzed for total As, speciation of As using sequential fractionation and extended x-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) techniques, and bioaccessibility of As using an in vitro extraction test. The daily intake of As through the uptake of these As sources was compared with the safety guidelines for As. The results demonstrated higher levels of As in ayurvedic medicines compared to herbal medicines and rice grains. The sequential fractionation showed the dominance of organic-bound As species in rice grains and herbal medicines, however, inorganic-bound As species dominated the ayurvedic medicines. This implies that As is derived from plant uptake in herbal medicines and rice grains, and from inorganic mineral input in ayurvedic medicines. Arsenic bioaccessibility was higher in ayurvedic than herbal medicines and rice grains, suggesting that inorganic As added as a mineral therapeutic input is more bioaccessible than organic As species derived from plant uptake. This study also showed a positive relationship between soluble As fractions and bioaccessibility indicating that solubility is an important factor controlling bioaccessibility. The daily intake values for As as estimated by total As content are likely to exceed the safe threshold level in rice grains that are enriched with As.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bolan
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, University of Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), University of Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - A Kunhikrishnan
- Department of Agro-Food Safety, National Institute of Agricultural Science, Wanju, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - S Chowdhury
- Department of Soil Science, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| | - B Seshadri
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, University of Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), University of Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia.
| | - R Naidu
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, University of Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), University of Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Y S Ok
- O-Jeong Eco-Resilience Institute (OJERI), Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Al-Saleh I, Abduljabbar M. Heavy metals (lead, cadmium, methylmercury, arsenic) in commonly imported rice grains (Oryza sativa) sold in Saudi Arabia and their potential health risk. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2017; 220:1168-1178. [PMID: 28780210 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2017.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The levels of heavy metals (lead, cadmium, methylmercury and arsenic) were determined in 37 brands of imported rice commonly consumed in Saudi Arabia after soaking and rinsing with water, and their potential health risks to residents were estimated by three indices: hazard quotient (HQ), hazard index (HI) and cancer risk (CR). The mean levels of lead, cadmium, methylmercury and total arsenic in soaked (rinsed) rice grains were 0.034 (0.057), 0.015 (0.027), 0.004 (0.007) and 0.202 (0.183) μg/g dry weight, respectively. Soaking or rinsing rice grains with water decreased lead and cadmium levels in all brands to safe levels. All brands had total arsenic above the acceptable regulatory limits, irrespective of soaking or rinsing, and eight soaked and 12 rinsed brands contained methylmercury. The levels of all heavy metals except cadmium were above the acceptable regulatory limits when the rice was neither rinsed nor soaked. Weekly intakes of lead, cadmium, methylmercury and total arsenic from soaked (rinsed) grains were 0.638 (1.068), 0.279 (0.503), 0.271 (0.309) and 3.769 (3.407) μg/kg body weight (bw). The weekly intakes of lead and methylmercury from the consumption of one rinsed and two soaked rice brands respectively, exceeded the Provisional Tolerance Weekly Intake set by the Food and Agriculture Organization and the World Health Organization. The weekly intake of total arsenic for all brands was above the lowest benchmark dose lower confidence limit (BMDL01) level of 0.3μg/kg bw/d for an increased cancer risk set by European Food Safety Authority. Either soaking or rinsing grains before consumption can minimize the non-carcinogenic health risks to residents from cadmium and lead (HQ<1). Our local consumers, though, may experience health consequences from rice contaminated mainly with arsenic (HQ>1 all brands) and to a lesser extent with methylmercury (HQ>1 in 4 brands), even when soaked or rinsed with water before consumption. The combined non-carcinogenic effect of all metals expressed as HI was >1, including soaked or rinsed rice, with total arsenic the major contributor followed by methylmercury. CR for total arsenic, whether consuming soaked, rinsed, un-soaked or unrinsed grains, exceeded the acceptable level of 10-4. Long-term consumption of rice contaminated with heavy metals, particularly arsenic, can pose potential health risks to the local population, especially vulnerable groups (pregnant women, children, elderly and patients). More attention should thus be given to contaminated rice and preventive measures should be taken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman Al-Saleh
- Environmental Health Program, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, PO Box: 3354, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mai Abduljabbar
- Environmental Health Program, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, PO Box: 3354, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
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Lin X, Mou R, Cao Z, Xu P, Wu X, Zhu Z, Chen M. Characterization of cadmium-resistant bacteria and their potential for reducing accumulation of cadmium in rice grains. Sci Total Environ 2016; 569-570:97-104. [PMID: 27341110 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.06.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Revised: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) pollution is a serious widespread environmental problem that not only destroys the microbial ecology of soil and decreases crop production, but also poses a serious risk to human health. Many methods have been used for the remediation of Cd pollution but none of these is totally satisfactory. Microbial remediation strategies have attracted increasing interest since they are environmentally friendly and cost-effective. In the present study, three Cd-resistant bacteria were isolated and evaluated for potential application in Cd bioremediation. Based on their morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics, together with 16S rDNA gene sequence analyses, bacteria were identified as Stenotrophomonas acidaminiphila (2#), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (9#) and Delftia tsuruhatensis (12#). Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed very high tolerance to metals, especially Cd (2200mg/L), Zn (1800mg/L) and Pb (1200mg/L), and is thought to be a multi-metal-resistant bacterium. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was also sensitive to 13 different antibiotics. The effects of the bacterial strains on the growth of rice plants and their ability to reduce Cd accumulation from Cd-contaminated soils in pot experiments were also evaluated. For Oryza sativa L. A grown in contaminated soil (3mg/kg Cd), the accumulation of Cd was decreased by 31.2 and 25.5% in brown rice and polished rice, respectively, by strain 9#; Pseudomonas aeruginosa was more effective in reducing Cd accumulation in rice grains than a mixture of strains. For Oryza sativa L. B, a mixture of strains acting synergistically was more effective than a single strain in reducing Cd accumulation; treatment with mixed strains (strains+3mg/kg Cd) resulted in 41.3, 35.9, and 32.6% reductions in Cd accumulation in unhulled rice, brown rice and polished rice, respectively. Although different results were obtained for two rice varieties, it can still be concluded that Cd-resistant bacteria are suitable for reducing Cd accumulation in rice grains and show potential for bioremediation of Cd-contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Lin
- China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China; Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Rice (Hangzhou), Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Renxiang Mou
- China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China; Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Rice (Hangzhou), Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Zhaoyun Cao
- China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China; Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Rice (Hangzhou), Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Ping Xu
- China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China; Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Rice (Hangzhou), Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Xiaoliang Wu
- China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China; Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Rice (Hangzhou), Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Zhiwei Zhu
- China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China; Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Rice (Hangzhou), Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Mingxue Chen
- China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China; Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Rice (Hangzhou), Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou 310006, China.
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Suksabye P, Pimthong A, Dhurakit P, Mekvichitsaeng P, Thiravetyan P. Effect of biochars and microorganisms on cadmium accumulation in rice grains grown in Cd-contaminated soil. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2016; 23:962-73. [PMID: 25943511 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-4590-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) contaminated in rice grains is a serious problem because most Asians consume rice on a daily basis. Rice grown in Cd-contaminated soil normally did not have high concentration of Cd. However, soil samples used in this study had high concentrations of Cd. The purpose of this study was to clearly see the effects of biochar and microorganism addition in rice growing in Cd-contaminated soil. The initial Cd concentration in Cd-contaminated soil used in this study was about 650 mg kg(-1). Cadmium concentration in rice plants grown in Cd-contaminated soil with the addition of 1% (w/w) different biochars such as sawdust fly ash (SDFA), bagasse fly ash (BGFA), and rice husk ash (RHA) was investigated. The results showed that SDFA was the best biochar in terms of reducing cadmium accumulation in rice grains when compared to BGFA and RHA under the same conditions. In addition, rice plants grown in Cd-contaminated soil with the addition of various nonpathogenic microorganisms, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, and Beauveria bassiana were also studied. The results showed that the addition of 2% (v/v) microorganisms can reduce Cd accumulation in grains. It was found that grains obtained from Cd-contaminated soil with the addition of P. aeruginosa had the lowest cadmium concentration compared to the ones from soil amended with other strains. This was due to the fact that P. aeruginosa adsorbed more Cd itself into its cells than other strains. The rice plants grown in Cd-contaminated soil with the addition of biochars and microorganisms were also compared. The results showed that adding 2% (v/v) microorganisms seemed to reduce Cd accumulation in rice grains better than adding 1% (w/w) biochars. In addition, the amounts of calcium and magnesium in rice grains and the dry weight of plant in Cd-contaminated soil amended with P. aeruginosa were the highest in comparison to other microorganisms, biochars, and the soil without any amendments (Cd-soil control). It might be possible that microorganisms can cause leaching of Ca, Mg, etc. from contaminated soil and compete with Cd to be uptaken by plants. This would cause the increase in plant dry weight and higher mineral nutrients accumulation in grains. Both biochars and microorganisms are suitable for reducing the amount of Cd in rice grains. The application should depend on farmers, biochars available in nearby areas, etc. Therefore, microorganisms and biochars can be used to solve the problem of cadmium contamination in rice grains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parinda Suksabye
- Department of Urban and Industrial Environment, Science and Technology Faculty, Suan Dusit Rajabhat University, Bangkok, 10300, Thailand
| | - Apinya Pimthong
- School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, 10150, Thailand
| | - Prapai Dhurakit
- School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, 10150, Thailand
| | - Phenjun Mekvichitsaeng
- Pilot Plant and Development and Training Institute, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, 10150, Thailand
| | - Paitip Thiravetyan
- School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, 10150, Thailand.
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Setyaningsih W, Saputro IE, Palma M, Barroso CG. Pressurized liquid extraction of phenolic compounds from rice (Oryza sativa) grains. Food Chem 2016; 192:452-9. [PMID: 26304372 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.06.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Revised: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
An analytical pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) process has been studied for the extraction of phenolic compounds from rice grains. A fractional factorial design (2(7-2)) with a centre point was used to optimize PLE parameters such as solvent composition (EtOAc in MeOH), extraction temperature, pressure, flushing, static extraction time, solvent-purge and sample weight. Extraction temperature, solvent and static extraction time were found to have a significant effect on the response value. The optimized method was validated for selectivity, linearity, limits of detection and quantification, recovery and precision. The validated method was successfully applied for the analysis of a wide variety of rice grains. Seventeen phenolic compounds were detected in the sample and guaiacol, ellagic acid, vanillic acid and protocatechuic acid were identified as the most abundant compounds. Nonetheless, different species of rice show very varied compound diversity and levels of compounds in their grain compositions.
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Abstract
The aim of the present work was to analyze metabolic diversity in 26 different indica varieties of rice grains. Seventy-six metabolites could be identified in the methanol extracts of each of the rice varieties analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. These metabolites included 9 sugars/sugar alcohols, 17 amino acids/derivatives, 18 fatty acids, 5 free phenolic acids and 19 other organic acids, 3 phytosterols, 5 other constituents. Cluster analyses to extract information for similarity and differences in metabolites unveiled diversity in metabolite profile. Two hierarchical clusters were generated based on the metabolite contents of the rice varieties. The first cluster (cluster I) consisted of one variety only. The second cluster again segregated into four clusters (clusters II, III, IV and V). Very distinct differences were visible amongst the clusters with respect to their sugars/sugar alcohols, organic acid, amino acid and fatty acid, phenol, and sterol profiles. Metabolites determine nutritional quality, taste, aroma. This and future efforts on the metabolomic information would help biochemists and nutritionists to better understand the nutritional quality of such grains at varietal level and correlating metabolites and long term human health related issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bratati De
- Phytochemistry and Pharmacognosy research Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019, India.
| | - Gargi Nag
- Phytochemistry and Pharmacognosy research Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019, India
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