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Darouich S, Darouich S. A novel homozygous variant in ATL1 associated with early onset spastic paraplegia 3A: Further evidence for autosomal recessive inheritance. Am J Med Genet A 2024; 194:e63464. [PMID: 37927245 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.63464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Spastic paraplegia 3A (SPG3A) has long been considered as an autosomal dominant disorder till the report in 2014 and 2016 of two consanguineous Arabic families, showing that ATL1 mutations may cause autosomal recessive paraplegia. Here, a third report of a consanguineous Arabic family with recessive SPG3A is described. Exome sequencing reveals homozygosity for a novel likely pathogenic ATL1 splice donor variant (c.522+1G>T) in an affected 5-year-old infant whereas the parents, heterozygous carriers, are asymptomatic. The infant's phenotype is consistent with an early onset complicated SPG3A with severe progressive spasticity of the lower limbs and intellectual disability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihem Darouich
- Université de Tunis El Manar, Faculté de Médecine de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
- CHU Habib Bougatfa, Unité de Pathologie Fœtale et Placentaire, Bizerte, Tunisia
| | - Samia Darouich
- Université de Tunis El Manar, Institut Supérieur des Sciences Humaines de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
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Fussiger H, Pereira BLDS, Padilha JPD, Donis KC, Siebert M, Brusius-Facchin AC, Baldo G, Saute JAM, Chen K, Virmond LA, Silva MFB, Minillo RM, Almeida TF, Pelegrino KO, Ferreira AFM, Colichio GBC, Oliveira APA, Teixeira ACB, Carlos CD, da Matta MC, Lima MM, Yamada RY, Cintra VP, Campilongo GP, Camargo SK, Oliveira TFG, Coelho AVC, de Albuquerque RS, de Souza EA, Júnior MAP, Caraciolo MP, Cervato MC, Gomes CS, Moura LMS, Guedes RLM, Barreiro RAS, Reis RS, Val FC, Oliveira JB, Siebert M, Brusius‐Facchin AC, Baldo G, Saute JAM. Copy number variations in SPAST and ATL1 are rare among Brazilians. Clin Genet 2022; 103:580-584. [PMID: 36537231 DOI: 10.1111/cge.14280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Copy number variations (CNV) may represent a significant proportion of SPG4 and SPG3A diagnosis, the most frequent autosomal dominant subtypes of hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSP). We aimed to assess the frequency of CNVs in SPAST and ATL1 and to update the molecular epidemiology of HSP families in southern Brazil. A cohort study that included 95 Brazilian index cases with clinical suspicion of HSP was conducted between April 2011 and September 2022. Multiplex Ligation Dependent Probe Amplification (MLPA) was performed in 41 cases without defined diagnosis by different massive parallel sequencing techniques (MPS). Diagnosis was obtained in 57/95 (60%) index cases, 15/57 (26.3%) being SPG4. Most frequent autosomal recessive HSP subtypes were SPG7 followed by SPG11, SPG76 and cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis. No CNVs in SPAST and ATL1 were found. Copy number variations are rare among SPG4 and SPG3A families in Brazil. Considering the possibility of CNVs detection by specific algorithms with MPS data, we consider that this is likely the most cost-effective approach to investigate CNVs in these genes in low-risk populations, with MLPA being reserved as an orthogonal confirmatory test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Fussiger
- Graduate Program in Medicine: Medical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Janice Pacheco Dias Padilha
- Graduate Program in Medicine: Medical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Karina Carvalho Donis
- Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
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- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marina Siebert
- Laboratory Research Unit, Experimental Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Guilherme Baldo
- Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Jonas Alex Morales Saute
- Graduate Program in Medicine: Medical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Department of Internal Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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- Laboratory Research Unit, Experimental Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre Brazil
| | | | - Guilherme Baldo
- Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Jonas Alex Morales Saute
- Graduate Program in Medicine: Medical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Brazil
- Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre Brazil
- Department of Internal Medicine Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Brazil
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Giannoccaro MP, Matteo E, Bartiromo F, Tonon C, Santorelli FM, Liguori R, Rizzo G. Multiple sclerosis in patients with hereditary spastic paraplegia: a case report and systematic review. Neurol Sci 2022; 43:5501-5511. [PMID: 35595875 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-022-06145-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION An increasing number of cases of comorbid hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) and multiple sclerosis (MS) have been described. We report a patient with the SPG3A form of HSP and features of relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS). We took this opportunity to review the current literature of co-occurring MS and HSP. METHOD The patient underwent clinical, laboratory and neuroimaging evaluations. We performed a literature search for cases of HSP and MS. The 2017 McDonalds Criteria for MS were retrospectively applied to the selected cases. RESULTS A 34-year-old woman, presenting a molecular diagnosis of SPG3A, complained subacute sensory-motor symptoms. Spinal MRI disclosed T2-hyperintense lesions at C2, T6 and T4 level, the latter presenting contrast-enhancement. CSF analysis showed oligoclonal bands. She was treated with intravenous high-dose steroids, with symptom resolution. The literature review yielded 13 papers reporting 20 possible cases of MS and HSP. Nine patients (5 M, median age 34) met the 2017 McDonald criteria. Five (25%) received a diagnosis of RRMS and four (20%) of primary progressive MS. Brain MRI showed multiple WM lesions, mostly periventricular. Six of seven cases (85.7%) had spinal cord involvement. Oligoclonal bands were found in 6/8 (75%) patients. Seven patients (77.7%) improved/stabilized on immunotherapy. CONCLUSION This is the first description on the association between SPG3A type of HSP and MS. This report adds to the other reported cases of co-occurring HSPs and MS. Although it remains unclear if this association is casual or causal, clinicians should be aware that an HSP diagnosis does not always exclude a concomitant MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Pia Giannoccaro
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Bellaria Hospital, 40139, Bologna, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Eleonora Matteo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Fiorina Bartiromo
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Bellaria Hospital, 40139, Bologna, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Caterina Tonon
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Bellaria Hospital, 40139, Bologna, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Rocco Liguori
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Bellaria Hospital, 40139, Bologna, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanni Rizzo
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Bellaria Hospital, 40139, Bologna, Italy.
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Hsu SL, Hsueh HW, Chen SY, Chang YY, Tan S, Hong CT, Tsai YS, Yu KW, Wu HM, Liao YC, Soong BW, Hu CJ, Lan MY, Lee YC. Clinical and genetic characterization of hereditary spastic paraplegia type 3A in Taiwan. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2021; 87:87-91. [PMID: 34015694 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2021.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the clinical and genetic features of hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) type 3A (SPG3A) in Taiwan. METHODS Mutational analysis of the ATL1 gene was performed for 274 unrelated Taiwanese HSP patients. The diagnosis of SPG3A was ascertained by the presence of a heterozygous pathogenic mutation in ATL1. The SPG3A patients received clinical, electrophysiological, and neuroimaging evaluations. Disease severity was assessed by using Spastic Paraplegia Rating Scale (SPRS) and disability score. Nineteen single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers flanking ATL1 were genotyped for haplotype analysis of ATL1 p.R416C mutation. RESULTS Eighteen SPG3A patients from 11 families were identified. They typically presented a pure form HSP phenotype with disease onset ranging from age 1-68 years. Five heterozygous ATL1 mutations were identified, including p.R239C, p.V253I, p.Y336H, p.P342R and p.R416C. ATL1 p.R416C was the most common mutation and presented in five SPG3A pedigrees. Haplotype analyses demonstrated a shared haplotype in the 12 individuals carrying a p.R416C allele. CONCLUSION SPG3A accounts for 4% (11 out of 274) of HSP in the Taiwanese cohort. Patents with the ATL1 p.R416C mutation in Taiwan may descend from a common ancestor. This study defines the clinical and genetic features of SPG3A in Taiwan and provides useful information for the diagnosis and management, especially in patients of Han Chinese descent.
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Xiao XW, Du J, Jiao B, Liao XX, Zhou L, Liu XX, Yuan ZH, Guo LN, Wang X, Shen L, Lin ZY. Novel ATL1 mutation in a Chinese family with hereditary spastic paraplegia: A case report and review of literature. World J Clin Cases 2019; 7:1358-1366. [PMID: 31236401 PMCID: PMC6580333 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v7.i11.1358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSPs) refer to a group of heterogeneous neurodegenerative diseases characterized by lower limbs spasticity and weakness. So far, over 72 genes have been found to cause HSP (SPG1-SPG72). Among autosomal dominant HSP patients, spastic paraplegia 4 (SPG4/SPAST) gene is the most common pathogenic gene, and atlastin-1 (ATL1) is the second most common one. Here we reported a novel ATL1 mutation in a Chinese spastic paraplegia 3A (SPG3A) family, which expands the clinical and genetic spectrum of ATL1 mutations.
CASE SUMMARY A 9-year-old boy with progressive spastic paraplegia accompanied by right hearing loss and mental retardation for five years was admitted to our hospital. Past history was unremarkable. The family history was positive, and his grandfather and mother had similar symptoms. Neurological examinations revealed hypermyotonia in his lower limbs, hyperreflexia in knee reflex, bilateral positive Babinski signs and scissors gait. The results of blood routine test, liver function test, blood glucose test, ceruloplasmin test and vitamin test were all normal. The serum lactic acid level was significantly increased. The testing for brainstem auditory evoked potential demonstrated that the right side hearing was impaired while the left was normal. Magnetic resonance imaging showed mild atrophy of the spinal cord. The gene panel test revealed that the proband carried an ATL1 c.752A>G p.Gln251Arg (p.Q251R) mutation, and Sanger sequencing confirmed the existence of family co-segregation.
CONCLUSION We reported a novel ATL1 Q251R mutation and a novel clinical phenotype of hearing loss in a Chinese SPG3A family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Wen Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, China
| | - Juan Du
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, China
| | - Bin Jiao
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xin-Xin Liao
- Department of Geriatrics Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, China
| | - Lu Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xi-Xi Liu
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, China
| | - Zhen-Hua Yuan
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, China
| | - Li-Na Guo
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, China
| | - Lu Shen
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, China
| | - Zhang-Yuan Lin
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, China
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Betancourt-Solis MA, Desai T, McNew JA. The atlastin membrane anchor forms an intramembrane hairpin that does not span the phospholipid bilayer. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:18514-18524. [PMID: 30287684 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.003812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is composed of flattened sheets and interconnected tubules that extend throughout the cytosol and makes physical contact with all other cytoplasmic organelles. This cytoplasmic distribution requires continuous remodeling. These discrete ER morphologies require specialized proteins that drive and maintain membrane curvature. The GTPase atlastin is required for homotypic fusion of ER tubules. All atlastin homologs possess a conserved domain architecture consisting of a GTPase domain, a three-helix bundle middle domain, a hydrophobic membrane anchor, and a C-terminal cytosolic tail. Here, we examined several Drosophila-human atlastin chimeras to identify functional domains of human atlastin-1 in vitro Although all chimeras could hydrolyze GTP, only chimeras containing the human C-terminal tail, hydrophobic segments, or both could fuse membranes in vitro We also determined that co-reconstitution of atlastin with reticulon does not influence GTPase activity or membrane fusion. Finally, we found that both human and Drosophila atlastin hydrophobic membrane anchors do not span the membrane, but rather form two intramembrane hairpin loops. The topology of these hairpins remains static during membrane fusion and does not appear to play an active role in lipid mixing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tanvi Desai
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005
| | - James A McNew
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005
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Koh K, Ishiura H, Tsuji S, Takiyama Y. JASPAC: Japan Spastic Paraplegia Research Consortium. Brain Sci 2018; 8:brainsci8080153. [PMID: 30104498 PMCID: PMC6119894 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci8080153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSPs) are a group of neurodegenerative disorders characterized by weakness and spasticity of the lower extremities. HSPs are heterogeneous disorders that involve over 80 causative genes. The frequency of HSPs is estimated to be 10–100/1,000,000. With this background, the Japanese research group “Japan Spastic Paraplegia Research Consortium: JASPAC” was organized in 2006 to elucidate the molecular epidemiologies of HSPs in Japan and the molecular pathologies of HSPs. To date, the JASPAC has collected 714 HSP families and analyzed 488 index patients. We found 279 pathogenic variants or probable pathogenic variants of causative genes in the 488 HSP patients. According to our results, we found 178 families with autosomal dominant patients (65%), and 101 with autosomal recessive and sporadic patients (48%). We found 119 patients with SPG4, 17 with SPG3A, 15 with SPG31, 13 with SPG11, and 11 with SPG10. Other HSP genes were the cause in less than five patients. On the other hand, we could not find causative genes in 35% of the autosomal dominant patients, or 52% of the autosomal recessive and sporadic patients. We are now trying to find new causative genes and elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying HSPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kishin Koh
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, University of Yamanashi, 409-3898 Yamanashi, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Ishiura
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 113-8655 Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Shoji Tsuji
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 113-8655 Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Yoshihisa Takiyama
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, University of Yamanashi, 409-3898 Yamanashi, Japan.
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Li T, Tu L, Zhang Q, Gu R, Wang Q, Wang B, Yao H, Qu X, Wang W, Tian J. SPG3A gene polymorphisms in hereditary spastic paraplegia. Int J Clin Exp Pathol 2017; 10:9760-9764. [PMID: 31966859 PMCID: PMC6965986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to analyze the hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP)/spastic paraplegia 3A (SPG3A) genomic structure as well as the polymorphisms in SPG3G genomic structure by comparing with the normal subjects. METHODS A total of 66 sporadic cases with HSP were collected from April 2014 to September 2016. Genomic DNA extraction was performed, and all coding exons and junction region in the SPG3A gene were sequenced. Genetic mutations were identified and DNA sequence alignment was performed against 80 normal subjects without blood relationship. The polymorphism in SPG3A gene was analyzed. RESULTS The coding sequence of the SPG3A gene consisted of 14 exons and two polymorphisms were detected at exons 2 and 3 compared with the normal subjects; one polymorphism was detected at exons 3, 4 and 6, respectively. CONCLUSION The two coding exons in the SPG3A gene in normal subjects were polymorphic and highly conservative. The intron consisted of 3 polymorphic coding sequences. Understanding the polymorphism and genetic mutations in the SPG3A gene will contribute to the diagnosis and treatment of HSP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Li
- Zunyi Medical CollegeGuizhou, China
- Department of Emergency, Guizhou Provincial People’s HospitalGuizhou, China
| | - Li Tu
- Department of Emergency, Guizhou Provincial People’s HospitalGuizhou, China
- Department of Emergency, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical UniversityGuizhou, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Emergency, Guizhou Provincial People’s HospitalGuizhou, China
| | - Ran Gu
- Department of Neurology, Guizhou Provincial People’s HospitalGuizhou, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Neurology, Guizhou Provincial People’s HospitalGuizhou, China
| | - Bingjin Wang
- Department of Emergency, Guizhou Provincial People’s HospitalGuizhou, China
| | - Huan Yao
- Department of Emergency, Guizhou Provincial People’s HospitalGuizhou, China
| | - Xiang Qu
- Department of Emergency, Guizhou Provincial People’s HospitalGuizhou, China
| | - Wenqin Wang
- Department of Emergency, Guizhou Provincial People’s HospitalGuizhou, China
| | - Jinyong Tian
- Department of Emergency, Guizhou Provincial People’s HospitalGuizhou, China
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Mészárosová AU, Grečmalová D, Brázdilová M, Dvořáčková N, Kalina Z, Čermáková M, Vávrová D, Smetanová I, Staněk D, Seeman P. Disease-Causing Variants in the ATL1 Gene Are a Rare Cause of Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia among Czech Patients. Ann Hum Genet 2017; 81:249-257. [PMID: 28736820 DOI: 10.1111/ahg.12206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Variants in the ATL1 gene have been repeatedly described as the second most frequent cause of hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP), a motor neuron disease manifested by progressive lower limb spasticity and weakness. Variants in ATL1 have been described mainly in patients with early onset HSP. We performed Sanger sequencing of all coding exons and adjacent intron regions of the ALT1 gene in 111 Czech patients with pure form of HSP and additional Multiplex-Ligation Probe Analysis (MLPA) testing targeting the ATL1 gene in 56 of them. All patients except seven were previously tested by Sanger sequencing of the SPAST gene with negative results. ATL1 diagnostic testing revealed only five missense variants in the ATL1 gene. Four of them are novel, but we suppose only two of them to be pathogenic and causal. The remaining variants are assumed to be benign. MLPA testing in 56 of sequence variant negative patients revealed no gross deletion in the ATL1 gene. Variants in the ATL1 gene are more frequent in patients with early onset HSP, but in general the occurrence of pathogenic variants in the ATL1 gene is low in our cohort, less than 4.5% and less than 11.1% in patients with onset before the age of ten. Variants in the ATL1 gene are a less frequent cause of HSP among Czech patients than has been previously reported among other populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Uhrová Mészárosová
- DNA Laboratory, Department of Child Neurology, Charles University 2nd Medical School and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Dagmar Grečmalová
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty Hospital Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Brázdilová
- Department of Child Neurology, Charles University 2nd Medical School and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Nina Dvořáčková
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty Hospital Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeněk Kalina
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Čermáková
- Centre for Medical Genetics and Reproductive Medicine GENNET, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Dagmar Vávrová
- Centre for Medical Genetics and Reproductive Medicine GENNET, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Irena Smetanová
- Centre for Medical Genetics and Reproductive Medicine GENNET, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - David Staněk
- DNA Laboratory, Department of Child Neurology, Charles University 2nd Medical School and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Seeman
- DNA Laboratory, Department of Child Neurology, Charles University 2nd Medical School and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic.,Centre for Medical Genetics and Reproductive Medicine GENNET, Prague, Czech Republic
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Zhao GH, Liu XM. Clinical features and genotype-phenotype correlation analysis in patients with ATL1 mutations: A literature reanalysis. Transl Neurodegener 2017; 6:9. [PMID: 28396731 PMCID: PMC5379717 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-017-0079-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSPs) are a group of clinically and genetically heterogeneous disorders. Approximately 10% of the autosomal dominant (AD) HSPs (ADHSPs) have the spastic paraplegia 3A (SPG3A) genotype which is caused by ATL1 gene mutations. Currently there are more than 60 reported ATL1 gene mutations and the genotype-phenotype correlation remains unclear. The study aims to investigate the genotype-phenotype correlation in SPG3A patients. Methods We performed a reanalysis of the clinical features and genotype-phenotype correlations in 51 reported studies exhibiting an ATL1 gene mutation. Results Most HSPs-SPG3A patients exhibited an early age at onset (AAO) of <10 years old, and showed an autosomal dominant pure spastic paraplegia. We found that 14% of the HSPs-SPG3A patients presented complicated phenotypes, with distal atrophy being the most common complicated symptom. The AAO of each mutation group was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). The mutational spectrum associated with ATL1 gene mutation is wide, and most mutations are missense mutations, but do not involve the functional motif of ATL1 gene encoded atlastin-1 protein. Conclusions Our findings indicate that there is no clear genotype-phenotype correlation in HSPs-SPG3A patients. We also find that exons 4, 7, 8 and 12 are mutation hotspots in ATL1 gene. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40035-017-0079-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Hua Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009 China.,Department of Neurology, Fourth Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Yiwu, 322000 China
| | - Xiao-Min Liu
- Department of Neurology, Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 16766 China
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Lu X, Cen Z, Xie F, Ouyang Z, Zhang B, Zhao G, Luo W. Genetic analysis of SPG4 and SPG3A genes in a cohort of Chinese patients with hereditary spastic paraplegia. J Neurol Sci 2014; 347:368-71. [PMID: 25454648 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2014.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Revised: 09/28/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP or SPG) is a group of genetically and clinically heterogeneous neurodegenerative disorders. At least 52 different gene loci have been identified so far, involving autosomal dominant (AD), autosomal recessive (AR), X-linked (XL), and maternal inheritance. Mutations in the SPAST (SPG4) and ATL1 (SPG3A) genes are responsible for about 50% of pure AD-HSP patients. In this study, SPAST and ATL1 mutations were screened in 36 unrelated HSP patients (17 probands with AD family history and 19 sporadic HSP patients) by direct sequencing and multiplex ligation dependent probe amplification (MLPA). We identified 3 micro-mutations and 2 exon deletions in SPAST gene and 2 micro-mutations in ATL1 gene. Four of five micro-mutations were novel and del. ex. 13-15 in SPAST was not reported previously. In this cohort of Chinese patients with spastic paraplegia, SPAST and ATL1 mutations were found in 5 of 17 HSP probands with AD family history and in 2 of 19 sporadic HSP patients. Four novel micro-mutations and one novel exon deletion were identified, which broadened the mutational spectrum of the genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingjiao Lu
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang 310000, China; Department of Neurology, Zhejiang Hospital, Zhejiang 310000, China
| | - Zhidong Cen
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang 310000, China; Department of Pediatrics, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang 310000, China
| | - Fei Xie
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang 310000, China
| | - Zhiyuan Ouyang
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang 310000, China
| | - Baorong Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang 310000, China
| | - Guohua Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang 310000, China
| | - Wei Luo
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang 310000, China.
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