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Delor L, Louzon M, Pelosi C, Michel E, Maillet G, Carronnier H. Ecotoxicity of single and mixture of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFOS and PFOA) in soils to the earthworm Aporrectodea caliginosa. Environ Pollut 2023; 335:122221. [PMID: 37543076 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
Per and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are persistent compounds that are massively used in industry, consumer goods and fire-fighting foams. Soil contamination by PFAS is a major environmental concern, and there is a lack of knowledge on both their ecotoxicological mechanisms and the concentrations that induce adverse effects especially to non-target organisms, particularly in the case of PFAS mixtures. This study contributes to filling these gaps by assessing and modelling the effects of PFAS (in single and in mixtures for PFOS and PFOA at different environmental doses) on juvenile endogeic earthworms of a common species in European soils (Aporrectodea caliginosa) at different levels of biological organization (sub-individual and individual). The results showed for the first time combined strong ecotoxicological effects of PFAS on earthworm survival, integumental integrity, growth, sexual maturity and on genomic stability notably with the induction of DNA breaks associated with no abnormal oxidative DNA-lesion levels. Our results demonstrated significant effects at 0.3 mg kg-1 and additive effects in case of mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Delor
- VALGO, 47 Rue de Ponthieu, 75008, Paris, France
| | - M Louzon
- Ecosystem Department, ENVISOL, 2 Rue Hector Berlioz, 38110, La Tour Du Pin, France
| | - C Pelosi
- UMR INRAE/Avignon Université EMMAH (Environnement Méditerranéen et Modélisation des Agrohydrosystèmes), 228 Route de l'Aérodrome, 84000, Avignon, France
| | - E Michel
- UMR INRAE/Avignon Université EMMAH (Environnement Méditerranéen et Modélisation des Agrohydrosystèmes), 228 Route de l'Aérodrome, 84000, Avignon, France
| | - G Maillet
- TOXEM, 12 Rue des Quatre Saisons, 76290, Montivilliers, France
| | - H Carronnier
- VALGO, 47 Rue de Ponthieu, 75008, Paris, France.
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2
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Budiyanti DS, Moeller ME, Thit A. Influence of copper treatment on bioaccumulation, survival, behavior, and fecundity in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster: Toxicity of copper oxide nanoparticles differ from dissolved copper. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2022; 92:103852. [PMID: 35307570 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2022.103852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Copper oxide (CuO) NPs are widely used and subsequently released into terrestrial ecosystems. In the present study, bioaccumulation and effects of CuO NPs and dissolved Cu was examined in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster after 7 and 10 days dietary exposure at concentrations ranging between 0.09 and 1.2 mg Cu ml-1 for dissolved Cu and between 0.2 and 11 mg Cu ml-1 for CuO NPs. Both Cu forms were bioaccumulated and affected survival and climbing in flies, but not egg-to-adult development. Dissolved Cu caused higher mortality than CuO NPs (CuO NPs 10-days LC50 was 2 times higher), whereas NPs affected climbing and decreased the number of eggs laid per female, potentially affecting fruit fly population size in terrestrial environments. Thus, the study indicates that CuO NPs might cause effects that are different from dissolved Cu due to differences in the mechanism of uptake or toxicity. Therefore, we need to consider relevant sublethal endpoints when assessing these CuO NPs to ensure that we do not overlook long-term effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dwi Sari Budiyanti
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark.
| | - Morten Erik Moeller
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark.
| | - Amalie Thit
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark.
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3
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Brigante J, Costa JO, Espíndola ELG, Daam MA. Acute toxicity of the insecticide abamectin and the fungicide difenoconazole (individually and in mixture) to the tropical stingless bee Melipona scutellaris. Ecotoxicology 2021; 30:1872-1879. [PMID: 34379243 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-021-02458-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Stingless bees have been recognized as essential plant pollinators and producers of various natural products in neotropical areas. Research into the potential risks of pesticides they may be exposed to in agricultural fields, however, remains meagre. Especially the toxicity of pesticide mixtures likely to occur under real-world conditions and that are likely to exert synergetic effects has been poorly studied. The aim of the present study was therefore to evaluate the single and mixture acute contact and oral toxicity of commercial products containing the insecticide abamectin and the fungicide difenoconazole in laboratory bioassays with the Brazilian native stingless bee Melipona scutellaris. In addition, a comparison of the insecticide sensitivity of stingless bees relative to the honeybee Apis mellifera was made based on previously published toxicity data. Except for oral exposure to abamectin, M. scutellaris appeared to be more sensitive that A. mellifera in the single compound toxicity tests. A difenoconazole concentration at the NOEC (no observed effect concentration) level indicated a synergetic toxic interaction with abamectin. A sensitivity comparison based on published toxicity data for A. mellifera and stingless bees indicated several insecticidal modes of action having a high relative sensitivity to stingless bees that need especial consideration in future studies. The research findings highlight the need for testing native bee species and environmentally relevant pesticide mixtures in risk assessments to avoid underestimation of potential risks to bee populations and the subsequent loss of pollination ecosystem services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janete Brigante
- NEEA/CRHEA/SHS, São Carlos Engineering School, University of São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, São Carlos, 13.560-970, Brazil
| | - Joyce Oliveira Costa
- NEEA/CRHEA/SHS, São Carlos Engineering School, University of São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, São Carlos, 13.560-970, Brazil
| | - Evaldo L G Espíndola
- NEEA/CRHEA/SHS, São Carlos Engineering School, University of São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, São Carlos, 13.560-970, Brazil
| | - Michiel A Daam
- CENSE, Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, New University of Lisbon, Quinta da Torre, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal.
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Menezes-Oliveira VB, Bianchi MO, Espíndola ELG. Changes in soil mesofauna structure due to different land use systems in south Minas Gerais, Brazil. Environ Monit Assess 2021; 193:431. [PMID: 34151380 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-021-09214-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Essential to the provision of important ecosystems services, i.e., food production, soil is suffering great pressure. The degradation of natural areas in order to turn them into croplands has been causing severe effects to the soil quality, including the maintenance of their biodiversity. Soil physical disruption reduce the soil biodiversity and, consequently, may cause negative effects to the supporting services, i.e., organic matter degradation and nutrient cycling, which will directly or indirectly impact agroecosystems. In this study, the influence of three different types of land uses (native forest (NF), conventional agriculture (CA), and organic agriculture (OA)) to the soil mesofauna (emphasizing collembolan and mites) were assessed under real scenarios in the southeast part of Brazil. Both conventional and organic fields were of strawberries, and the greatest difference in their processes was the use of synthetic fertilizers and pesticides, performed at CA. Soil fauna organisms were collected and identified to main groups, except the collembolan species which were further separated into four main groups/family. Results showed that not only the physical changes due to soil tillage caused negative effects to soil fauna. In the field where the use of agricultural products was allowed, organisms were much more severely affected. Hence, the conversion of natural forested areas to agricultural lands may harm soil fauna communities through biodiversity loss. This study not only adds significant information to the knowledge regarding the relation between biodiversity loss and agricultural practices worldwide, but it also helps to improve Brazilian knowledge of the edaphic fauna in agroecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa B Menezes-Oliveira
- São Carlos Engineering School (EESC), NEEA/CRHEA/SHS and PPG-SEA, University of São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, SP, 15560-970, Sao Carlos, Brazil.
- Federal University of Tocantins (UFT), Course Coordination On Environmental Engineering, Campus Palmas, 109 Norte Av. NS-15, ALCNO-14, Palmas, TO, 77001-090, Brazil.
| | - Miriam O Bianchi
- São Carlos Engineering School (EESC), NEEA/CRHEA/SHS and PPG-SEA, University of São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, SP, 15560-970, Sao Carlos, Brazil
| | - Evaldo L G Espíndola
- São Carlos Engineering School (EESC), NEEA/CRHEA/SHS and PPG-SEA, University of São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, SP, 15560-970, Sao Carlos, Brazil
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Adams E, Gerstle V, Brühl CA. Dermal Fungicide Exposure at Realistic Field Rates Induces Lethal and Sublethal Effects on Juvenile European Common Frogs (Rana temporaria). Environ Toxicol Chem 2021; 40:1289-1297. [PMID: 33348437 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Viticulture is one of the most pesticide-intensive agricultures in Europe, leading to a spatiotemporal overlap of amphibian migration and pesticide applications. Because postmetamorphic, terrestrial amphibian stages are mostly neglected in ecotoxicological studies, we investigated acute effects of viticultural fungicides on juvenile common frogs (Rana temporaria). Tadpoles from an uncontaminated pond were placed in enclosures in 8 ponds with an increasing degree of pesticide contamination in southwest Germany to represent different aquatic exposure backgrounds. After metamorphosis, juveniles were exposed to soil contaminated with 50% of the recommended field rates of the fungicides Folpan® 80 water dispersible granule (WDG) and Folpan® 500 suspension concentrate with the same amount of folpet as active ingredient and differing additives. After 48 h, effects on the survival, body mass, and behavior were investigated. No effect of the aquatic exposure background on terrestrial sensitivity could be detected. Acute terrestrial exposure led to mean mortality rates of 14% (13-17%, suspension concentrate) and 60% (17-100%, WDG) and resulted in adverse effects on locomotor activity as well as feeding behavior. Moreover, the results suggest that the toxicity of the 2 tested folpet formulations depends on their additives. Because the identified effects may result in severe impairments and thus in declines of amphibian populations, a more protective risk assessment of pesticides is needed for postmetamorphic amphibians to ensure proper conservation of amphibian populations. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:1289-1297. © 2020 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Adams
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz Landau, Landau, Germany
| | - Verena Gerstle
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz Landau, Landau, Germany
| | - Carsten A Brühl
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz Landau, Landau, Germany
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Testa M, Silva ASD, Segat JC, Maluche-Baretta CRD, Baretta D. Impacts on reproduction of Enchytraeus crypticus in fertilized soils with chicken litter treated with synthetic and natural insecticide. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2020; 78:103386. [PMID: 32339906 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2020.103386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Poultry litter is used as a fertilizer due to the high concentration of nutrients. However, this material receives application of medicines, whether they are used to treat animals or the litter itself. Thus, the objective was to evaluate if the application in soils of poultry litter doses treated with two insecticides (cypermethrin and cinnamon oil) used to control of the Alphitobius diaperinus, affect the reproduction of Enchytraeus crypticus, and the insecticides effects over time, trough of ecotoxicological tests using soils with different textural classes an Entisol and an Oxisol. In the Oxisol the application of poultry litter stimulated the E. crypticus reproduction regardless of the insecticide and the collection time. In Entisol the poultry litter showed a toxicity at 10 t ha-1 when treated with cypermethrin and at 30 t ha-1 with cinnamon oil. Entisol results show that cypermethrin affects non-target edaphic organisms soon after spraying, but over time has reduced toxicity unlike cinnamon oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Testa
- Departament and Graduate Program of Animal Science, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC). Rua Beloni Trombeta Zanini n. 680E, Bairro Santo Antônio, CEP: 89815-630, Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Aleksandro S da Silva
- Departament and Graduate Program of Animal Science, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC). Rua Beloni Trombeta Zanini n. 680E, Bairro Santo Antônio, CEP: 89815-630, Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Julia Corá Segat
- Departament and Graduate Program of Animal Science, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC). Rua Beloni Trombeta Zanini n. 680E, Bairro Santo Antônio, CEP: 89815-630, Chapecó, SC, Brazil.
| | - Carolina R D Maluche-Baretta
- Department of Exact and Environmental Sciences, Universidade Comunitária Da Região De Chapecó (UNOCHAPECÓ). Servidão Anjo da Guarda, 295-D - Efapi, Chapecó - SC, 89809-900, Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Dilmar Baretta
- Departament and Graduate Program of Animal Science, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC). Rua Beloni Trombeta Zanini n. 680E, Bairro Santo Antônio, CEP: 89815-630, Chapecó, SC, Brazil
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7
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Zortéa T, Dos Reis TR, Serafini S, de Sousa JP, da Silva AS, Baretta D. Ecotoxicological effect of fipronil and its metabolites on Folsomia candida in tropical soils. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2018; 62:203-209. [PMID: 30077901 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2018.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to evaluate the toxicity of the fipronil and its metabolites, fipronil sulfone and fipronil desulfinyl on Folsomia candida. Three types of soils were used to perform the ecotoxicological tests, two natural soils (Oxisol and Entisol), and an artificial substrate (Tropical Artificial Soil). The treatments consisted of increasing doses of a veterinary medicinal product with active ingredient based on fipronil, and of its two main metabolites, fipronil sulfone and fipronil desulfinyl. The doses of fipronil were 0.00, 0.02, 0.04, 0.08, 0.15, 0.30, 0.60, and 1.00 mg kg-1 of the active ingredient. For fipronil sulfone and fipronil desulfinyl the doses tested were: 0.00, 0.01, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08, 0.15, 0.30, 0.60, 1.00, and 5.00 mg kg-1. The effects of toxicity on F. candida were evaluated by survival and reproduction tests, based on the methods described by ISO 11267. There was a completely randomized design, with six replicates for the fipronil tests and eight for the metabolites. We show that fipronil and its metabolites, even at very low concentrations, are toxic to F. candida. Reduction of reproduction can be observed at concentrations of 0.15 mg kg-1. There was little difference in toxicity (LC50 and EC50) between fipronil and its metabolites. Rather, differences were related more to soil type, where the artificial soil was more sensitive than the two natural soils (Oxisol and Entisol). We conclude that it is important to perform ecotoxicological tests in natural soils, in order to generate more realistic representations of veterinary drug toxicity on the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talyta Zortéa
- Centro de Educação Superior do Oeste, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Beloni Trombeta Zanin, 680-E, 89815-630 Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Tamires Rodrigues Dos Reis
- Centro de Educação Superior do Oeste, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Beloni Trombeta Zanin, 680-E, 89815-630 Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Suélen Serafini
- Centro de Educação Superior do Oeste, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Beloni Trombeta Zanin, 680-E, 89815-630 Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - José Paulo de Sousa
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Aleksandro Schafer da Silva
- Centro de Educação Superior do Oeste, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Beloni Trombeta Zanin, 680-E, 89815-630 Chapecó, SC, Brazil.
| | - Dilmar Baretta
- Centro de Educação Superior do Oeste, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Beloni Trombeta Zanin, 680-E, 89815-630 Chapecó, SC, Brazil.
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Yang G, Chen C, Wang Y, Peng Q, Zhao H, Guo D, Wang Q, Qian Y. Mixture toxicity of four commonly used pesticides at different effect levels to the epigeic earthworm, Eisenia fetida. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2017; 142:29-39. [PMID: 28384501 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
As commonly used pesticides, chlorpyrifos (CPF), fenobucarb (FEN), clothianidin (CLO) and acetochlor (ACE) are widely applied on crops worldwide. In this study, the combined toxicities of their binary, ternary and quaternary mixtures were evaluated using the earthworm Eisenia fetida as test organism. Mixture toxicities were studied using the combination index (CI) method and visualized by isobolograms, and then data were compared with traditional concentration addition (CA) and independent action (IA) models. Two binary mixtures of CPF+FEN and FEN+ACE, two ternary mixtures of CPF+CLO+FEN and CPF+FEN+ACE, and quaternary mixture of CPF+FEN+ACE+CLO exhibited a clear synergistic effect. The CI method was compared with the classical models of CA and IA, indicating that the CI method could accurately predict the combined toxicities of the chemicals. The results indicated that it was difficult to predict combined effects of these pesticides from mode of action alone because of existence of complicated synergistic and antagonistic responses. More attention should be paid to the potential synergistic effects of chemicals interactions, which might cause serious ecological problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiling Yang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Quality and Safety of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control / Lab (Hangzhou) for Risk Assessment of Agricultural Products of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Quality and Safety of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yanhua Wang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control / Lab (Hangzhou) for Risk Assessment of Agricultural Products of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Qi Peng
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control / Lab (Hangzhou) for Risk Assessment of Agricultural Products of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Huiyu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control / Lab (Hangzhou) for Risk Assessment of Agricultural Products of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Dongmei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Quality and Safety of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control / Lab (Hangzhou) for Risk Assessment of Agricultural Products of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China.
| | - Yongzhong Qian
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Quality and Safety of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
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Buch AC, Brown GG, Correia MEF, Lourençato LF, Silva-Filho EV. Ecotoxicology of mercury in tropical forest soils: Impact on earthworms. Sci Total Environ 2017; 589:222-231. [PMID: 28258750 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.02.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Mercury (Hg) is one of the most toxic nonessential trace metals in the environment, with high persistence and bioaccumulation potential, and hence of serious concern to environmental quality and public health. Emitted to the atmosphere, this element can travel long distances, far from emission sources. Hg speciation can lead to Hg contamination of different ecosystem components, as well as biomagnification in trophic food webs. To evaluate the effects of atmospheric Hg deposition in tropical forests, we investigated Hg concentrations in earthworm tissues and soils of two Forest Conservation Units in State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Next, we performed a laboratory study of the biological responses (cast analysis and behavioral, acute, chronic and bioaccumulation ecotoxicological tests) of two earthworms species (Pontoscolex corethrurus and Eisenia andrei) to Hg contamination in tropical artificial soil (TAS) and two natural forest soils (NS) spiked with increasing concentration of HgCl2. Field results showed Hg concentrations up to 13 times higher in earthworm tissues than in forest soils, while in the laboratory Hg accumulation after 91-days of exposure was 25 times greater in spiked-soils with 128mgHgkg-1 (dry wt) than in control (unspiked) soils. In all the toxicity tests P. corethrurus showed a higher adaptability or resistance to mercury than E. andrei. The role of earthworms as environmental bioremediators was confirmed in this study, showing their ability to greatly bioaccumulate trace metals while reducing Hg availability in feces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andressa Cristhy Buch
- Department of Environmental Geochemistry, Fluminense Federal University, Outeiro São João Baptista, s/n., Centro, 24020-007 Niterói, RJ, Brazil.
| | - George Gardner Brown
- Embrapa Forestry, Estrada da Ribeira km. 111, C.P. 319, 83411-000 Colombo, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Lúcio Fábio Lourençato
- Department of Environmental Geochemistry, Fluminense Federal University, Outeiro São João Baptista, s/n., Centro, 24020-007 Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Emmanoel Vieira Silva-Filho
- Department of Environmental Geochemistry, Fluminense Federal University, Outeiro São João Baptista, s/n., Centro, 24020-007 Niterói, RJ, Brazil
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Cang T, Dai D, Yang G, Yu Y, Lv L, Cai L, Wang Q, Wang Y. Combined toxicity of imidacloprid and three insecticides to the earthworm, Eisenia fetida (Annelida, Oligochaeta). Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2017; 24:8722-8730. [PMID: 28210953 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-8627-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Although the earthworm Eisenia fetida has been used in many ecotoxicological studies in recent years, most of these studies have only focused on assessing the effects of individual insecticides. In the present study, we aimed to compare the individual and combined toxic effects of imidacloprid and three insecticides (phoxim, chlorpyrifos, and lambda-cyhalothrin) on E. fetida. We showed that imidacloprid had the highest intrinsic toxicity to the worms in filter paper contact test, followed by phoxim and lambda-cyhalothrin, while the least toxicity was found from chlorpyrifos. Moreover, 14-day soil toxicity test revealed that the highest toxicity was still detected for imidacloprid with an LC50 value of 2.82 (2.61∼3.17) mg a.i. kg-1 dry weight (DW), followed by chlorpyrifos with an LC50 value of 384.9 (353.5∼440.3) mg a.i. kg-1 DW. Meanwhile, a relatively less toxicity was found for lambda-cyhalothrin with an LC50 value of 560.3 (475.9∼718.5) mg a.i. kg-1 DW, while the lowest toxicity to E. fetida was observed for phoxim with an LC50 value of 901.5 (821.3∼1017) mg a.i. kg-1 DW. In addition, significant synergistic responses were found from the ternary mixture of imidacloprid-phoxim-lambda-cyhalothrin and quaternary mixture of imidacloprid-phoxim-chlorpyrifos-lambda-cyhalothrin in both bioassay systems. Therefore, our findings highlighted that the simultaneous presence of several insecticides in the soil environment might lead to increased toxicity, resulting in serious damage to the nontarget organisms compared with individual insecticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Cang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control/Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture/Laboratory (Hangzhou) for Risk Assessment of Agricultural Products of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310021, China
| | - Dejiang Dai
- Institute for the Control of Agrochemicals of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310020, China
| | - Guiling Yang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control/Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture/Laboratory (Hangzhou) for Risk Assessment of Agricultural Products of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310021, China
| | - Yijun Yu
- Quality Supervision Division, Zhejiang Provincial Department of Agriculture, Hangzhou, 310020, China
| | - Lu Lv
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control/Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture/Laboratory (Hangzhou) for Risk Assessment of Agricultural Products of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310021, China
| | - Leiming Cai
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control/Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture/Laboratory (Hangzhou) for Risk Assessment of Agricultural Products of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310021, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control/Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture/Laboratory (Hangzhou) for Risk Assessment of Agricultural Products of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310021, China
| | - Yanhua Wang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control/Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture/Laboratory (Hangzhou) for Risk Assessment of Agricultural Products of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310021, China.
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Rico A, Sabater C, Castillo MÁ. Lethal and sub-lethal effects of five pesticides used in rice farming on the earthworm Eisenia fetida. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2016; 127:222-9. [PMID: 26874341 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2016.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Revised: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The toxicity of five pesticides typically used in rice farming (trichlorfon, dimethoate, carbendazim, tebuconazole and prochloraz) was evaluated on different lethal and sub-lethal endpoints of the earthworm Eisenia fetida. The evaluated endpoints included: avoidance behaviour after an exposure period of 2 days; and mortality, weight loss, enzymatic activities (cholinesterase, lactate dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase) and histopathological effects after an exposure period of 14 days. Carbendazim was found to be highly toxic to E. fetida (LC50=2mg/kg d.w.), significantly reducing earthworm weight and showing an avoidance response at soil concentrations that are close to those predicted in rice-fields and in surrounding ecosystems. The insecticide dimethoate showed a moderate acute toxicity (LC50=28mg/kg d.w.), whereas the rest of tested pesticides showed low toxicity potential (LC50 values above 100mg/kg d.w.). For these pesticides, however, weight loss was identified as a sensitive endpoint, with NOEC values approximately 2 times or lower than the calculated LC10 values. The investigated effects on the enzymatic activities of E. fetida and the observed histopathological alterations (longitudinal and circular muscle lesions, edematous tissues, endothelial degeneration and necrosis) proved to be sensitive biomarkers to monitor pesticide contamination and are proposed as alternative measures to evaluate pesticide risks on agro-ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreu Rico
- IMDEA Water Institute, Science and Technology Campus of the University of Alcalá, Avenida Punto Com 2, P.O. Box 28805, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; Alterra, Wageningen University and Research Centre, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Consuelo Sabater
- Departament de Biotecnologia, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera, 14, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - María-Ángeles Castillo
- Departament de Biotecnologia, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera, 14, 46022 Valencia, Spain
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da Silva Souza T, Christofoletti CA, Bozzatto V, Fontanetti CS. The use of diplopods in soil ecotoxicology - a review. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2014; 103:68-73. [PMID: 24215849 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2013.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Revised: 10/09/2013] [Accepted: 10/16/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Diplopods play an important role in the dynamics of terrestrial ecosystems, actively participating in the decomposition of organic matter and soil aeration. They have gained increased attention from ecotoxicology research because they are continuously exposed to soil contaminants and biological effects of chemical stressors can be measurable at various levels of biological organization. This paper is the first review on the use of diplopods as soil bioindicators and compiles the effects of the different toxic chemical agents on these animals. Special emphasis is given on the interpretation of the effects of heavy metals and complex mixtures in target organs of diplopods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana da Silva Souza
- Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, UFES, Alto Universitário, s/número Guararema, 29500-000 Alegre, ES, Brasil.
| | - Cintya Aparecida Christofoletti
- Departamento de Biologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Avenida 24A, 1515, Bela Vista, 13506-900 Rio Claro, SP, Brasil.
| | - Vlamir Bozzatto
- Departamento de Biologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Avenida 24A, 1515, Bela Vista, 13506-900 Rio Claro, SP, Brasil.
| | - Carmem Silvia Fontanetti
- Departamento de Biologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Avenida 24A, 1515, Bela Vista, 13506-900 Rio Claro, SP, Brasil.
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